Q2M1: System of Linear Equation

IDEAS!
-Two or more linear equations considered together form a system of linear equations or
simultaneous equations.
-A solution to a system of linear equations in two variables consists of an ordered pair that
satisfies both equations.
It is denoted by:
a1x + b1y = c1
a2x + b2y = c2
Constants: a1x, b1y, c1, a2x, b2y, c2
Variables: x,y
EXAMPLES OF SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
x=5
y = -1
y = 2x – 3
y = -2x + 1
x–y=5
y=1
2x – 3y = 5
x – y = -3
x = 3y – 1
x = -6y + 1
x = -2
y=5
(NOTE: other variables can be used as replacements with x and y)

EXAMPLE 1:
x=4
y = -3
CHECKING (4,-3)
x=4
4=4
y = -3
-3 = -3
EXAMPLE 2:
4x + 2y = 26
x + y = 10
CHECKING (3,7)
4x + 2y = 26
4(3) + 2(7) = 26
12 + 14 = 26
26 = 26
x + y = 10
(3) + (7) = 10
3 + 7 = 10
10 = 10

EXAMPLE 3:
y = 2x – 4
y = 2x + 2
CHECKING:
-The graph is parallel
-No Solution

EXAMPLE 4:
3x – 4y = 1
6x – 8y = 2
CHECKING:
-The graph is coinciding or overlapping
-Infinite Solution

TYPES OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

SYSTEM GRAPH NUMBER OF SOLUTION

CONSISTENT INDEPENDENT INTERSECTING 1

CONSISTENT DEPENDENT COINCIDING OR INFINITE SOLUTION

OVERLAPPING
INCONSISTENT PARALLEL NO SOLUTION
CONSISTENT INDEPENDENT EXAMPLE:
4x + 2y = 26
x + y = 10
CHECKING:
-The graph is intersecting
-One Solution

CONSISTENT DEPENDENT EXAMPLE:

6x – 8y = 2
3x – 4y = 1
CHECKING:
-The graph is coinciding or overlapping
-Infinite solution

INCONSISTENT
y = 2x + 2
y = 2x – 4
CHECKING:
-The graph is parallel
-No Solution

Identifying Systems of Linear Equations using Ratios

Make it the same in form

FORM EXAMPLE

STANDARD FORM

SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM (Y-FORM)

STANDARD FORM RATIOS

SYSTEM RATIOS

CONSISTENT INDEPENDENT a1 b1 c 1 a1 b1 c 1
≠ = or ≠ ≠
a2 b2 c 2 a2 b2 c 2
CONSISTENT DEPENDENT a 1 b1 c 1
= =
a 2 b2 c 2
INCONSISTENT a 1 b1 c 1
= ≠
a 2 b2 c 2

SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM RATIOS

SYSTEM RATIOS

CONSISTENT INDEPENDENT m1 ≠ m2

CONSISTENT DEPENDENT m1=m2∧b 1=b 2

INCONSISTENT m1=m2∧b 1≠ b 2

Solving Solution of System of Linear Equation Using Graphical Method

GRAPHICAL METHOD:
-Visual representation of the system
-Desmos
EXAMPLE :
4x + 2y = 26
x + y = 10
CHECKING (3,7)
4x + 2y = 26
4(3) + 2(7) = 26
12 + 14 = 26
26 = 26
x + y = 10
(3) + (7) = 10
3 + 7 = 10
10 = 10

SUBSTITUTE METHOD: MICROSOFT GOOGLE

ELIMINATION METHOD:
Understanding Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Review of Inequality Symbols:
-Is greater than means >
-Is less than means <
-Is greater than or equal means ≥
- Is less than or equal means ≤
ax + by + c > 0
ax + by + c < 0
ax + by + c≥ 0
ax + by + c≤ 0
Region
-To the Left
-To the right
- Above
- Below

MANY SOLUTIONS:
-With the line
-Without the line

-It should be in the region

Q2M1 NOTES

a. {23xx−4
+5 y=20
y=7
( 5,0 )
Solution
2 x+5 y =20
( x , y ) =( 5,0 )
2 ( 5 ) +5 ( 0 )=20
10+0=20
10 ≠ 20
∴(5,0) is not a solution

b. {23xx−4
+5 y=20
y=7
( 3,2 )
Solution
2 x+5 y =20
( x , y ) =( 3,2 )
2 ( 3 ) +5 ( 2 )=20
6+10=20
16 ≠ 20
∴(3,2) is not a solution.

c. {23xx−4
+5 y=20
y=7
( 5,2 )
Solution
2 x+5 y =20
( x , y ) =( 5,2 )
2 ( 5 ) +5 ( 2 )=20
10+10=20
20=20

3 x−4 y=7
3 ( 5 )−4 ( 2 )=7
15−8=7
7=7
 ∴(5,2) is a solution of the system.

1.
a. s+1=27
b. 1−s=3
1
c. 2 s + =29
3
2. F
a. m+n=50
b. n−m=20
n
c. 2 m+ =42
5

3.
a. x +3 y=31
b. 2 x+2 y=34
4.
a. x=number of 40 pesostoy−less expensisve and
y=number of 60 pesos toy−more expensisve
b. 40 x ,60 y
c. 40 x +60 y=2300

5.
a. x=number field goal shots and y=number of free shots
b. 2 x , y
c. 2 x+ y =24
Q2M2

a. Using Desmos

Checking

{x− y=2
x+ y=7

( x , y ) =( 4.5,2 .5 )
x− y =2
4.5−2.5=2
2=2

x + y=7
4.5+ 2.5=7
7=7

Answer
The solution is ( 4.5,2.5).
The solution is x=4.5 and y=2.5.

b. Using Desmos
 {6 2x−27=−9
x+ 3 y=9
y
The graph is coinciding. The system is identified as consistent dependent, therefore there are
many solutions.

Answer:
There are many solutions or infinite solutions.

c. Using desmos

{205 xx+2+16−8
y=−4
y

The graph is coinciding. The system is identified as consistent dependent, therefore there are
many solutions.

Answer:
There are many solutions or infinite solutions.

Page 180
Representing

x=number of multiple choice questions

y=number of proof questions

x + y=28
3 x : total multiple – choice points
5 y : total proof questions points

3 x+ 5 y =100

{3 xx+5+ yy=100
=28

Using desmos
Checking

x + y=28
( x , y ) =( 20,8 )
20+8=28
28=28

3 x+ 5 y =100
3 ( 20 ) +5 ( 8 )=100
60+ 40=100
100=100

There are 20 multiple choice questions and 8 writing proof questions.

There are 20 and 8 questions for multiple choice and writing proof respectively.

Page 183
a. Using substitution method

{5 xx++4y=9
y=47

Set – up one – variable (either x or y )

x + y=9
x + y− y =9− y
x=9− y

5 x+ 4 y =47
5 ( 9− y )+ 4 y =47
45−5 y +4 y=47
45− y=47
45−45− y=47−45
− y=2
y=−2

x=9− y
x=9−(−2 )
x=9+ 2
x=11

Checking
x + y=9
( x , y ) =( 11,−2 )
11+(−2)=9
11−2=9
9=9

5 x+ 4 y =47
5 ( 11 )+ 4 (−2 )=47
55−8=47
47=47
 Answer ( x , y ) =(11 ,−2)

Using Microsoft math solver: Solve {x+y=9}{5x+4y=47} | Microsoft Math Solver

b. Identifying the system

{102 xx−−5y=4
y =3
Since the graph of the system is parallel, the system is identified to be inconsistent therefore
there is no solution.

Answer: There is no solution.

Using Microsoft Math Solver: Solve {2x-y=4}{10x-5y=3} | Microsoft Math Solver

Page 184

Try it 5

x :1 st number
y :2 nd number

2 x+ 4 y=22
x=2 y−1

2 x+ 4 y=22
2 ( 2 y −1 )+ 4 y =22
4 y−2+ 4 y=22
8 y−2=22
8 y−2+2=22+2
8 y=24
8 y 24
=
8 8
y=3

x=2 y−1
x=2 ( 3 )−1
x=6−1
x=5

( x , y ) =( 5,3 )
2 x+ 4 y=22
2 ( 5 ) +4 (3 )=22
10+12=22
22=22

x=2 y−1
5=2 ( 3 )−1
5=6−1
5=5

The numbers are 5 and 3.

Page 187
x : number of kilos of Barako
y :number of kilos of arabica
Coffee Representation Amount Total Amount
(kilograms)
Barako x 250 250 x
Arabica y 150 150 y
Mixture 40 237.50 40 ( 237.50 )=9500

System

x + y=40
250 x+ 150 y =9500

Using elimination method

{250 xx+150
+ y=40 eq .1
y=9500 eq 2

Multiply eq 1 by -250

−250 ( x+ y )=−250( 40)

−250 x−250 y=−10000

−250 x−250 y=−10000

250 x+ 150 y =9500
y=5
x + y=40
x +5=40
x=35

( x , y ) =( 35,5 )
x + y=40
35+5=40
40=40

250 x+ 150 y =9500

250 ( 35 ) +150 ( 5 )=9500
8750+750=9500
9500=9500

Answer

There are 35 kilograms of Barako and 5 kilograms of arabica.

Using Math Solver: Solve {x+y=40}{250x+150y=9500} | Microsoft Math Solver

For Practice

Answer page 193

74 to 88 ( in any method)

Page 193 – 194 Numbers 74 to 91

74. Find two numbers which sum is 53 and which difference is 23.
 Solution
Represent
x :1 st number
y :2 nd number
System/Equation
x + y=53
x− y =23
Using Elimination Method
Add the system

Checking
( x , y ) =( 38,15 )
x + y=53
38+15=53
53=53

x− y =23
38−15=23
23=23
Answer

The two numbers are 38 and 15.

75. The difference between two numbers is 21. If twice the smaller number is added to one – half of the
larger number, the result is 38. What are the numbers?

Solution
Represent
x : smaller number
y : larger number
System
y−x =21
y
2 x+ =38
2
Using Graphical Method
 Checking
( x , y ) =(11,32)
y−x =21
32−11=21
11=11

y
2 x+ =38
2
32
2 ( 11 )+ =38
2
22+16=38
38=38

Answer

The two numbers are 11 and 32.

76. The sum of the digits of a two – digit number is 11. The units digit is two more than twice the tens
digit. Find the number.

Concepts

How many digits are there?

There are 10 digits.

23

Sum of digits: 2+3=5

Solution
Representation
x : unit digit
y : tens digit

System
x + y=11
x=2 y +2
Solution Using Substitution Method
x + y=11
( 2 y+ 2 )+ y=11
2 y+ 2+ y=11
3 y +2=11
3 y +2−2=11−2
3 y=9
 3y 9
=
3 3
y=3

x=2 y +2
x=2 ( 3 ) +2
x=6+ 2
x=8
Checking
( x , y ) =( 8,3 )
x + y=11
8+3=11
11=11

x=2 y +2
8=2 (3 )+ 2
8=6+2
8=8
Answer
10 y + x=number
( x , y ) =( 8,3 )
10 ( 3 ) +8=30+8
¿ 38

The number is 38.

77. The units digit of a two-digit number is five more than the tens digit. If the units digit is added to the
number withs its digits reversed, the result is 79. Find the number.

Solution
Represent
x : units digit
y : tens digit
System
Number: 10 y + x=number
Number Reversed: 10 x+ y=reversed number
x= y +5
x +10 x + y =79

Simplify the system

x= y +5
11 x+ y =79

Using Substitution Method

11 x+ y =79
 11 ( y+ 5 )+ y=79
11 y+ 55+ y=79
12 y+ 55=79
12 y+ 55−55=79−55
12 y=24
12 y 24
=
12 2
y=2

x= y +5
x=2+5
x=7
Checking
( x , y ) =( 7,2 )
x= y +5
7=2+5
7=7

11 x+ y =79
11 ( 7 ) +2=79
77+2=79
Answer
The number: 10 y + x
10 ( 2 ) +7=20+ 7=27

The number is 27.

78 Tickets for the annual school play were sold at 100 pesos each for students and 200 pesos each for
adults. If 60,000,00 was received from the sale of 450 tickets, how many tickets of each kind were sold?

Solution
Represent
x : number of tickets for students
y : number of tickets for adults
Analysis
Kind of Ticket Number Ticket Amount Total Amount
Student x 100 100 x
Adult y 200 200 y
Total 450 60000
System
x + y=450
100 x+ 200 y =60000

Simplify
x + y=450
 x +2 y =600
Using Graphical Method
( x , y ) =( 300,150 )
Checking
x + y=450
300+150=450
450=450

100 x+ 200 y =60000

100 ( 300 ) +200 ( 150 )=60000
30000+30000=60000
Answer

There are 300 tickets for students and 150 tickers for adults sold.

Another Solution using Linear Equation in One Variable

x : number of tickets for students - 300
450−x : number of tickets for adult - 150

100 x+ ( 450−x ) 200=60000

100 x+ 90000−200 x=60000
−100 x+ 90000=60000
−100 x=−30000
x=300

79. A grocer mixed tea worth 160 pesos per kilo with another tea worth 240 pesos per kilo to make a
mixture of 50 kilo worth 9600 pesos. How many kilos of each kind were used?

Solutions
Representation
x : number of kilograms of Tea 1
y : number of kilograms of Tea 2

Analysis
Tea Number of Kilograms Amount Total Amount
Tea 1 x 160 160 x
Tea 2 y 240 240 y
Mixture 50 9600
System
x + y=50
160 x+ 240 y =9600

Using Microsoft Math Solver

 ( x , y ) =(30,20)
Checking
x + y=50
30+20=50
50=50

160 x+ 240 y =9600

160 ( 30 ) +240 ( 20 )=9600
4800+ 4800=9600
9600=9600
Answer

There are 30 kg of Tea 1 and 20 kg of Tea 2.

80. Lorna has saved 150000 pesos. She has invested part of this in 5% bonds and the remainder in a
bank account at 3% interest. If her total annual income from the investments was 6100 pesos, how
much was invested at each rate?

81. The investment of 50000 pesos in bonds and 70000 in stocks earned an total annual income