Senior High School

General Physics 1
Module 12:
Damped and Driven Oscillation

AIRs - LM
LU_General Physics 1_Module12
 STEM – GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Module 12: Projectile and Circular Motion
Second Edition, 2021

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La Union Schools Division
Region I

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LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Senior High School

General Physics 1
Module 12:
Damped and Driven Oscillation

LU_General Physics 1_Module12

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Target

We are living in a world of waves; we are surrounded by waves: from simple

water waves to radio waves and electromagnetic waves. We are constantly living in a
world of waves, wherein we can’t live without it.

We see the beauty of the world because of light waves and we can hear it
becauseof sound waves. It is impossible to imagine information technology without
the use of radio waves and microwaves.

In this Chapter we will unravel more about the World of Waves, how it started,
its kinds and its properties.

After going through this Learning Material, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped motion

(STEM_GP12PMIId-28)
2. Define mechanical wave, longitudinal wave, transverse wave, periodic
wave, and sinusoidal wave. (STEM_GP12PMIId-31)
3. From a given sinusoidal wave function infer the speed, wavelength,
frequency, period, direction, and wave number (STEM_GP12PMIId-32)
4. Apply the inverse-square relation between the intensity of waves and the
distance from the source. (STEM_GP12MWSIIe- 34)

1 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Jumpstart

Contentment is the Equilibrium between the enjoyment of life now

and the anticipation of what is to come.
-Priscilla Shirer

What I know
Answer the following question, write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. What is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating motion?
A. Amplitude B. Frequency
C. Period D. Wavelength
2. The unit use in frequency in honor of its discoverer.
A. Hertz B. Radians
C. Meter D. Seconds
3. Which of the following types of waves do particles move perpendicular to
the direction of the wave?
A. Longitudinal B. Mechanical
C. Sinusoidal D. Transverse
4. Which of the following states of matter is best for Mechanical Wave
topropagate?
A. gas B. plasma
C . liquid D. solid
5. It is the number of cycles in a specific amount of time.
A. Amplitude B. Period
C. Frequency D. Wavelength
What I Observed
Describe the Amplitude of the pendulum as shown in the picture.

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 Discover

LESSON 1 SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILATION

Oscillatory Motion
“Oscillatory motion is the repeated to and
from movement of a system from its equilibrium
position. Every system at rest is in its equilibrium
position. At this point, no external force is acting on
it. Therefore, the net force acting on the system is
zero. Now, if this system is displaced a little from its
fixed point, a force acts on the system which tries to
bring back the system to its fixed point. This force is
the restoring force, and it gives rise to oscillations or
vibrations.”
Photo Credits to toppr.com

Damping is the decrease in amplitude of an oscillation because of energybeing

drained from the system to overcome frictional or other resistive forces.

Undamped oscillations are those

oscillatory motion whose amplitude remains
the same or constant. It is shown in the
illustration that the pendulum swings at a
constant amplitude.

Photo credits to Quex Book

Therefore, the motion of the pendulum in

wave form would look like this

Photo credits to Quex Book

3 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Damped oscillations are those oscillatory motion whose amplitude
decreases with time until they achieve a state of equilibrium.
In the diagram, the pendulum swings to position 1 first, then 2, 3, 4 until it
becomes still (5)

Photo credits to Quex Book

The under damped condition in

which damping of an oscillator causes it
to return to equilibrium with the
amplitude gradually decreasing to zero;
the system returns to equilibrium faster
but overshoots and crosses the
equilibrium position one or more times

Photo credits to Quex Book

The critically damped condition

in which the damping of an oscillator
causes it to return as quickly as possible
to its equilibrium position without
oscillating back and forth about this
position.

Photo credits to Quex Book

The over damped condition in

which damping of an oscillator causes it
to return to equilibrium without
oscillating; the oscillator moves more
slowly toward equilibrium than in the
critically damped system.
Photo credits to Quex Book

4 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 LESSON 2 CLASSIFICATION OF WAVES

Waves

Mechanical Electromagnetic
Waves Waves

Transverse Longitudi Water Radio Waves

Wave nal Wave Microwaves
Waves
Infrared Light
Ultraviolet

X-ray

Gamma Rays

A wave is a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without particles

being moved. It may take the form of elastic deformation, a variation of pressure,
electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature.

Mechanical Waves
Mechanical waves are defined as waves which need any type of medium for
propagation. It is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through a
vacuum. Mechanical waves require a medium to transport their energy from one
location to another. A sound wave is an example of a mechanical wave.

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 Examples of Mechanical Wave
 Slinky waves
 Water waves
 Stadium waves
 Jump rope waves


Classifications of Mechanical Wave
 Longitudinal waves
 Transverse waves

Longitudinal wave
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a
direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Longitudinal waves are
always characterized by particle motion being parallel to wave motion.
Examples of Longitudinal Wave
 Sound waves
 Tsunami waves
 Earthquake
 P - waves
 Ultrasounds
 Vibrations in gas
 Oscillations in spring
 Internal water waves and
 Waves in slink
Transverse wave
A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a
direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves.
Examples of Transverse Wave
 Light wave
 Audience wave
 Radio waves
 Television waves
 Visible light waves
 Ultraviolet waves
 Vibrating guitar strings
 Magnetic waves

6 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 SINUSOIDAL WAVE AND SINUSOIDAL
LESSON 3
EQUATION

Photo credits to allaboutcircuits.com

A Sine wave is any oscillation, such as a sound wave or alternating current,

whose waveform is that of a sine curve.
A waveform that represents periodic oscillations in which the amplitude of
displacement at each point is proportional to the sine of the phase angle of the
displacement and that is visualized as a sine curve.

Sinusoidal Equation
y(x,t)=Asin(kx−ωt+ϕ)
x = space coordinate
t = time coordinate
ϕ = phase shift
k= wave number
A = sine wave’s amplitude
ω = angular frequency (2𝜋𝑓)

Photo credits to Quex Book

7 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

Characteristics of A sine wave
Cycle: In a sine wave, it is the complete event starting with a rise from zero energy
to a maximum amplitude, its return to zero, the rise to a maximum in the opposite
direction, and then its return to zero.

Photo credits to Quex Book

Frequency: The number of cycles of vibration in each unit of time. The number of
cycles in a second is one Hertz (Hz), after the German physicist who discovered it.
Therefore, 1Hz equals one cycle per second.
1
𝑓=
𝑇
f = frequency
T = period
Period: the time it takes to complete one cycle.
1
𝑇=
𝑓
f = frequency
T = period
Wavelength: The distance sound travels during one period, regardless of frequency.
𝑣
𝜆=
𝑓
𝜆 = wavelength
v = speed
f = frequency

8 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

Wave Speed: the speed at which a wave It is related to wavelength, frequency, and
period by the equation:

𝑣 = 𝑓𝑥𝜆 or 𝑣 = 1 𝑥𝜆
𝑇
Where:
v = speed
f = frequency
𝜆 = wavelength
T = period

Direction of a wave: For a moving wave, you consider a particular part of it as

moving. This means that the same y would be found at other x for other t, and if you
change t, you need to change x in the equation of sinusoidal wave, if t increases, x must
increase to make up for it. That makes a wave moves in positive direction.

Wave number: refers to the number of complete wave cycles of an electromagnetic

field (EM field) that exist in one meter (1 m) of linear space. Wave number is
expressed in reciprocal meters (m-1).
2𝜋
𝑘=
𝜆
Speed of waves in a stretched string: The speed of waves in a stretched string
depends on the tension F in the string as well as the mass per unit length μ of the
string as
Sample Problem 1
A 120-cm guitar string is under a tension of 400N. The mass of the
string is 0.480 grams. Calculate (a) the mass per unit length of the string and
(b) the speed of waves in it.
Given:
m = 0.480 g convert to kg
l = 120 cm convert to m
F = 400 N
v =?
𝑚 𝐹
Formula: 𝜇= 𝑣=√
𝑙 𝜇

𝑚 𝐹
Solution: 𝜇= 𝑣=√
𝑙 𝜇

0.48×10−3𝑘𝑔 𝑣=√ 400

𝜇= 1.2 𝑚 −4𝑘𝑔/𝑚

4 × 10

𝜇 = 4 × 10−4𝑘𝑔/𝑚 𝑣 = 1000𝑚/𝑠

9 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

Sample Problem 2
A 120-cm guitar string is under a tension of 400N. The mass of the
string is 0.480 grams. The amplitude of the wave is 0.1 m, and the angular
frequency is 100 radians/s Calculate the transmitted power.
Given:
m = 0.480 g
l = 120 cm
F = 400 N
A = 0.1 m
ω = 100 radians/s
Formula:
1
𝑃= 𝜇𝜔2𝐴2𝑣
2
Solution:
1
𝑃 = 𝜇𝜔2 𝐴2𝑣
2
−4 2
1

𝑃 = (4 𝑥10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚) ( 100 𝑚)(1000𝑚/𝑠)

2

10 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Explore

What have I learned?

Lesson 1 (Damped Ways to Learn)
Differentiate underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped oscillatory motion.

Lesson 2 (Making Waves)

Define the following classifications of waves.
Mechanical Waves

Transverse Waves VS Longitudinal Waves

Lesson 3 (What Makes Waves)

Define the different characteristics of waves discussed in Lesson 3

11 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Exemplary Good Fair Poor Scor
Criteria
5 4 3 2 e
Written
Written Written
response Response lacks
response response
addresses any
addresses addresses essay
1. Content essay Comprehension
essay question acceptably
acceptably of the essay
very question very
question very question.
satisfactorily satisfactorily.
satisfactorily.
Response Response lacks Response
Response is
lacks any any lacks any
unfocused,
2. Clarity comprehensio comprehension comprehensio
illogical or
n of the essay of the essay n of the essay
incoherent
question. question. question.
Response is
Response is Response is
fairly Response is
well organized organized and
3. organized and disorganized
and developed developed with
Organizatio developed, and
with general
n and presenting underdeveloped
appropriate supporting
Developmen generalization , providing little
support to ideas provided
t of Ideas s without or no relevant
make meaning (reasons/genera
adequate support.
clear. l examples).
support
Response is
4. Grammar Response has Response has
free Response has 3
, Usage and 4- 4-
from any or less errors.
Mechanics 5 errors. 5 errors.
errors.
Total Score

12 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Deepen

To deepen your understanding regarding Underdamped, Overdamped and

Critically Damp Systems. Cite for technology, gadget or machine that uses
Oscillatory systems to function.

Waves have different characteristics, to understand these characteristics;

draw a module of Sine Wave and Label the characteristics.

13 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

Problem 1
A person lying on an air mattress in the ocean rises and falls through one complete
cycle every five seconds. The crests of the wave causing the motion are 20.0 m apart.
Determine (a) the frequency and (b) the speed of the wave. You will be graded using
the rubrics on the next page.

14 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Rubrics for the essay

Exemplary Good Fair Poor

Criteria Score
5 4 3 2
Written
Written Written
response Response lacks
response response
addresses any
addresses addresses essay
1. Content essay Comprehension
essay question acceptably
acceptably of the essay
very question very
question very question.
satisfactorily satisfactorily.
satisfactorily.
Response Response lacks Response
Response is
lacks any any lacks any
unfocused,
2. Clarity comprehension comprehension comprehension
illogical or
of the essay of the essay of the essay
incoherent
question. question. question.
Response is
Response is Response is
fairly Response is
well organized organized and
3. organized and disorganized
and developed developed with
Organization developed, and
with general
and presenting underdeveloped,
appropriate supporting ideas
Development generalizations providing little
support to provided
of Ideas without or no relevant
make meaning (reasons/general
adequate support.
clear. examples).
support
Response is
4. Grammar Response has Response has
free Response has 3
, Usage and 4- 4-
from any or less errors.
Mechanics 5 errors. 5 errors.
errors.
Total Score

15 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Rubrics for Problem Solving

Criteria &
5 4 3 2 1
Rating
Strategic Approach Valid approach Valid Invalid Little or no
Approach (S) chosen is with minor approach with approach that understanding
clearly shown, errors that don’t multiple demonstrates of how to
clearly written disrupt errors that little approach the
& all elements understanding. impede understanding problem.
are valid. understanding of the problem.
.
Physics Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate At least one Little or no
Concepts (P) concepts that concepts that concepts concept understanding
are fully are mostly identified, but identified but of physics
understood understood but not employed unable to concepts.
(symmetries, employed with or understood. demonstrate
conserved errors. understanding.
quantities, etc.),
clearly stated &
employed
correctly.
Mathematical Correct starting Correct starting Correct Can identify at Incorrect
Concepts (M) equations; All equations. All starting least one equations:
mathematical mathematical equations. The equation, but demonstrates
steps are clearly steps are clearly mathematical unable to apply little or no
shown, and shown but steps are hard them. understanding
they flow easily minor errors to follow and of
toward the yield wrong errors begin to mathematical
correct answer. answer. impede concepts
application. involved.
Answer (A) 100% correct Correct answer Incorrect Unable to reach No answer.
answer – analytically (IA), answer, but a correct
analytically (IA) but not on the right answer on this
numerically (If numerically (IA). path. path.
any) &
conceptually
(IA).

16 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 Gauge

Part 1 Multiple Choice

Answer the following question, write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. What is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating motion?
A. Amplitude B. Frequency
B. Period D. Wavelength
2. The unit use in frequency in honor to its discoverer.
A. Hertz B. Meters
C. Radians D. Seconds
3. Which of the following types of waves do particles move perpendicular to
the direction of the wave?
A. Longitudinal B. Mechanical
C. Sinusoidal D. Transverse
4. Which of the following states of matter is best for Mechanical Wave
topropagate?
A. gas C. liquid
C. plasma D. solid
5. It is the number of cycles in a specific amount of time.
A. Longitudinal B. Mechanical
C. Sinusoidal D. Transverse
6. What type of wave is produced when the particles of medium vibrate to
and from in the same direction of energy transport?
A. Longitudinal B. Mechanical
C. Sinusoidal D. Transverse
7. When the particles of a medium are vibrating at right angles to the direction
of energy transport, then the wave is a wave.
A. Longitudinal B. Mechanical
C. Sinusoidal D. Transverse
8. What is the amplitude of the wave in the diagram below?

A. 0.03 m. B. 0.04 m.
C. 0.05 m. D. 0.06 m.

17 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 9. The wavelength of the wave in the diagram above (Question #8) is m.

A. 0.03 m. B. 0.04 m.
C. 0.05 m. D. 0.06 m.
Consider the following diagram

10. How many complete waves are shown in the diagram?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1.5

Part 2
The linear density of the A string on a violin is 7.8 × 10-4 kg/m. A wave on the
stringhas a frequency of 440 Hz and a wavelength of 65 cm. What is the
tension in the string?

18 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

Answer Key

19 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

References

Published

Gil Nonato C. Santos, Ph.D., 2017, General Physics 1, Philippines, Rex Book Store
pp. 56-73

Angelina A. Silverio, 2007, Exploring Life through Science PHYSICS

Philippines, Phoenix Publishing House, pp. 53-56

Websites

Oscillatory Motion: Definition, Displacement, Difference, Examples, Videos. (2020,

May 19). Retrieved October 21, 2020, from
https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/oscillations/periodic- and-oscillatory-
motion/

Wave - Types of Waves, Properties of Waves & Application of Waves: BYJU'S.

Retrieved October 21, 2020, from https://byjus.com/physics/waves/

20 LU_General Physics 1_Module12

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
[email protected]
[email protected]

21 LU_General Physics 1_Module12