2021 workbook Network Theory + Control Systems Section-B Control Systems sl. Unit Pages } 4. Introduction to Control Systems 56 2 Time Resopnge Analysis 60 3 Stability a ee 64 | 4 Root Locus Technique ss 7 5. Frequency}pespohbe ARaiyae n | center ones 78 f 7 Sat sac rs a2 2000 © Copyright: Subject mater to MADE EASY Pubicatons, New Delhi. No part this book may be reproduced or uisadin ay form without the writen peissioControl Systems Description Sheet Nene EEE Chapter-1 : Introduction * Introduction to control systems: * Closed loop and open loop systems * Problems * Concept of transfer functions impulse response and transfer functions and problems. ‘* Transfer functions for mechanical systems, * Block diagrams and signal flow graphs Chapter-2 : Time Response Analysis ‘+ Introduction to time response analysis, standard test signals, type and order of the system + Steady state response analysis + Expression for error + Expression for error with disturbances + Steady state error for different types of inputs and different types of systems. * Output compensation + Error series + Problems © Transient state analysis: + Zero order system * First order system + Second order system * Higher order systems + Problems Chapter-3 : Stability * Introduction to stability. Impulse response and stability © Routh-Hurwitz criteria © Problems Chapter-4 : Root Locus Technique * Root locus technique * Rules * Root contours «Inverse root locus * Problems Chapter-5 : Frequency Response Analysis Introduction, frequency response analysis of \l order system and specifications. G.M. and P.M. concepts problems. G.M. and P.M. of second order systems (Derivations). Polar plots problems. Nyquist plots: = Principle of argument * Nyquist stability criteria + Problems Bode plots: + Introduction and theory + Problems + _ Inverse bode plots Chapter-6 : Controllers and compensators P-controller I-controller D-controller PI, PD and PID controllers Lageompensator Leadcompensator Lag-lead compensator Chapter-7 : State Variable Methods and Analysis State mode from differential equation and transfer function. Transfer matrix. Stability from state models. State equation solution Controllability and observability. State diagrams.Introduction to Control Systems (oop gain when a feedback of 2. is introduced in the system shown, (00 Re) : to0# 10% L ~ as) |& = | 100 a (a) 10+ 1% (6) 10 + 10% : (c) 100 + 10% (0) 100+ 1% 2 (B) When there is @ 10% change in the |Z feedback, the overall gain of the system | $ would be | (a) 10+ 9% (b) 102 1% 13 (c) 100 + 9% (d) 100 + 196 {2 Q.2 Negative feedback in a closed-loop control |8 system DOES NOT 18 (@) reduce the overall gain a (b) reduce bandwidth i (©) improve disturbance rejection é (d) reduce sensitivity to parameter variation | 3 [GATE-2015] | 2 Q.3 (i) For 10% change in forward path the outputs of open-loop system and closed-loop system will get affected by Fig. (i) www.madeeasypublications.org a4 as MADE EASY Fo (@) 10% and 1% = (b) 10% and 10% {c) 1% and 10% (d) 1% and 1% (ii) For 10% change in feedback path then the outputs of open-loop system and closed loop system shown above will be affected by % and 10% 10% and 0% (b) 0% and 1% (A) 1% and 0% (a) (c) The impulse response of the system is Cl) =-te' + 26"(t> 0) The open loop TF. will be 2541 2s+1 Oh Ga () 2s+4 (25+) OG @ = The impulse response of and LTIsystem under nitially relaxed condition is Alt) = et +e The response of the system for step input will be (@) [146% e7) u(t) () [et+ e?4] u(t) (c) (1.5-e'-0.5 e?4 u(t) () [et + et] u(t) Which among the following is a valid step response of a initially relaxed system? (@) 1-2e'+e? (b) 142e1-e (c) 1-2et-e* (d) 1+ 2e'+ 6 © CopyrightQ.7 The equivalent of the block diagram in the figure is given is a 2 e— 6} —4—{a| $ r-—fa g (@) ¢—[e} ye 2 zg r-—| we, g (o) e—-[G, c 2 ia a F=| HG, 3 = a (©) &—S—_7—-@ 2 (a) €—-{SiG}—+>-- Q.8 Consider the following black diagrams. 1. RIS) G& {GATE+2001] as) as) as) 3. Pe} Rs) Os) 4 [TEL | ©Copyright Tolssued veil ei InoGiim wi0) fue Ul Posan KO PeaPOIde. Bq KEW yOOa Sl Qs Workbook 57 Which of these block diagrams can be reduced s)__G towanster 29 = G2 (a) 1and3 . (b) 2and4 (c) 1and4 (@) 2and3 [ESE-2001] Find the transfer function ye of the system given below: &}— x9) ak 8) Ys) & |— & HG, G_,_ 2 1+HG, 1+HG> Gy+Gy TFHG,+G.) EaG, (oP AIG, + Go) (a) (b) (©) Q.10 By performing cascading andjor summing/ differencing operations using transfer function blocks G,(s) and G,(s), one CANNOT realize a transfer function of the form (a) G(s) Gis) o 38 © 649 gig 0) 9 G49) gts -Gt0] [GATE-2015] Ensy wwwmadeeasypubliations.org |58 Q.11 The $.F.G of certain C.S is shown in figure. ry xy + agXy = BpXy + AgXy Xy= X34 2X, eNa X= 4X4 + 5Xy Which ofthe folowing equations are correct? (a) 1,2and3 (b) 1,3and4 . (©) 23and4 () 1,2and4 Q.12 The signal flow graph of a system is shown in the figure. The transfer function aa of the system is Ro) 1 a fo —G - 1 os) 6 6s +298+6 (©) F295 46) s(s+2) @) —38+27) S+205+6 ON epa5+6 [GATE-2003] Q.13 An electrical system and its signal-flow graph representations are shown in the figure (a) and (b) respectively. The values of G, and H, respectively, are Zs) 23) vals) Ms) os) Zs) w) 2s) Figure (a) Electronics Engineering © Control Systems 8, 18) & Mls) 6, : i yr) 2 H = Figure (b) 3 © Z+2Zs(5)+Za(8)' Z( a ~2s(s) 3 ©) Z(9=Z(5)+Z(5)' Z 2 2:(s) fe © ZA Z5(9)* 209) Zls)+ 2015) —___=20(s)____Za(s)_ ) Z=2s(9)+ Za)’ Z(5)+Zs(8) (GATE-2001] Q.14 For the S.FG. the defined input is A(s) and defined outputis O(s). Find the transfer function. Q.15 The signal flow graph of a system is shown below. U(s) is the input and C(s) is the output. 5iyin 99 pesnea:d01 eq Aw HOOG SIM j0 VE ON Ned NON SuONBONaTd ASva Assuming, h, = b, and hy = by b,a,, the input- As) output transfer function, G(s) = Us) of the system is given by = bos +by Ss Fast a, (a) G(s) ‘Uojasiued wen ey InOWM WO) Aue WB -#8+% (©) G(s)= + bis+ byQ.16 For the signal flow graph shown in the figure, S the value of 3 is [GATE-2015] Numerical Data Type Questions Q.17 The open-loop DC gain of arunityynegative’ feedback system with closed-loop transfer s+4 function —$*4 — jig s°+7s+13 [GATE-2001] Q.18 For the signal flow graph shown below, 1 1 i 1 (4 1 1 7 The overall gain C/R will be | ©Copyright Workbook 59 ® Try Yourself 2 | 71, The block diagram of a system is shown in the g figure 3 Ros) mal. 2 “| 1s Gs) cal 8 if the desired transfer function of the system is. 3| cs)___s 2 R(s) P+s+2 z then G{s) is 3 @1 (b) s z 1 i ©; (9) 3 [Ans: (b)] 2 | T2. Thetransfer function of the network shown below 2 a = J Seri a T? + 3sT +1 13. The transfer function of a low-pass RC network is Fi nak i 3 (a) RCs(1+RCs) (b) (i+ RCs) i fic 8 5 (1+ RCs) ) (ACS) i {Ans: (b)] 3Time Response Analysis Multiple Choice Questions Q.1. For the given system, how can be steady state error produced by step disturbance be reduced?, (a) By increasing de gainof G,(s)G,(s) (b) By increasing do gain of G,(s) (c) By increasing de gain of G,(s) (d) By removing the feedback [ESE-2005] A ramp input applied to an unity feedback system results in 5% steady”statererror~The type number and zero frequeney gain of the: system are respectively (@) 1and 20 (b) Oand 20 Q2 1 (d) tand ) tand 5 1 (o) Oand 55 5 [GATE-2005} Q.3_ A particular control system yielded a steady- state error of 0.20 for unit step input. A unit integrator is cascaded to this system and unit | ramp input is applied to this modified system. | What is the value of steady-state error for this modified system? (a) 0.10 (b) 0.15 (c) 0.20 (a) 0.25 [ESE-2006] www.madeeasypublications.org ° J ASvazaWNONaHuN a fas bec ou Oued ON BG MAN SUT |Q.4 Consider the unity feedback system as shown Qs MADE EASY below. The sensitivity of the steady state error to change in parameter K and parameter a with ramp inputs are respectively Rie) kK os) —O-| sista) (a) (bo) -1,1 () 1,0 (d) 0,4 [ESE-2003] The steady-state error when the torque (T,) changes at a rate of 2 N-m/sec, willbe ___. Ts) RG) AL [ss os) fa) O'S units (b) 0.75 units (c) unit (d) 1.25 units The unit-step response of a unity feedback system with open loop transfer function G(s) = Ki((s + 1) (s + 2)) is shown in the figure. The value of K is (@) 05 (o) 4Q7 The transfer function of a system is -—10_ e G(s)= 3+ )(6+ 100) For a unit-step input to 3 the system the approximate settling time for 2% |= criterion is (a) 100 sec (b) 4sec (©) 1sec (d) 0.01 sec 3 [GATE-2002] | 3 Q.8. Alinear network has the system function (s+o) z Gr ans+d) 7 The outputs of the network with zero initial | 5 conditions for two different inputs are tabled as | > Input x(t) Output y(t) 2 oo 24De vee" g eT uo, | eGo a Then the values of cand Hare, respectively |= (a) 2and3 (b) Band2 2 (c) 2and2 (d) tand3 = [ESE-2005] | © Q.9. The block diagram of a unity feedback control | 3 system is shown below: z , 3 Determine the time at whic) first Unde Shoots occurs. fe (a) 0.78 sec (b) 269860 2 (c) 3.14sec (d) 1.56 sec Q.10 Asystem described by the following differential | 5 2, g equation Thea Gaye x(0) 18 initialy at | ¢ z rest, For input x(t) = 2u(f), the output (1) is | 3 (a) (1-2e' +e) Xt) I (b) (1+ 2e'-2e 7) u(t) = () 05 +e!+ 15e2%) ut) 5 (d) (0.5 + 2e"+ 26% u(t) 3 [GATE-2004] | ¢ Q.11 A second order control system is defined by the following differential equation Workbook 61 2, SAO BSD 4 r6ctt = 16u(t) The damping ratio and natural frequency for this system are respectively (@) 0.25 and 2 raq/s (b) 0.50 and 2 rad/s (©) 0.25 and 4 radis (d) 0.50 and 4 rad/s (ESE-2001] Q.12 A position control system having u.f.b. has 10K OS) = F015) (i) The minimum value of amplifier gain °K’ so that when the input shaft rotates at 1/2 rps the steady state error is equal to 0.2° will be (a) K=60 (b) K=70 (©) K=80 (dK With above value of 'K’ the damping ratio and. natural frequency of oscillations are (ii) (a) 9=0.05 (o) 9= 0.05 oo, =95r/s = 85r/s (c) = 0.02 (a) 9 0.02 ©, = 9511s (= 851/58 Q.13 The unit step response of a second order system is=1-@9'-5te Consider the following statements: 1. The undamped natural frequency is 5 rad/s. 2, The-dampina ratio is 1 3. The impulse response is 25te® Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) Onlytand2 — (b) Only 2and3 (©) Onlytand3 — (d) 1,2and3 [ESE-2006] Q.14 Atransducer has 2 poles as shown is the figure. The steady state output of transducer for unit step input will be62 Electronics Engineering © Control Systems 1 (@1 ) © v2 (0 Q.15 The position control of a DC servo-motor is, given in the figure. The values of the parameters are Ky= 1NmA,R,= 19,1, = 01H J = 5 kg-m?, B 1 N-m (rad/sec) and K,, = 1 Vi(rad/sec). The steady-state position response (in radians) due to unit impulse disturbance torque T,, is Taf) vss) Ke [7a oO Ret 7 esB | i (a) 05 (b) -05 (1 (d) -1 (GATE-2015] Q.16 The characteristic equation of a control system is s(s%+ 65 + 13) + k=O. The value of’ such that the characteristi¢ equation has a pair of complex roots with real part ~1 will be (a) 10 (b) 20 ©» @) 4 Q.17 The transfer function of a control system is 10 “ED The Il order approximation using dominant pole conceptis 2 © Fysri ©) BrBerD 10 » 2 © Fase (©) BrBS+) Q.18 A control system has @s)=—!0_ and 36+) H{(s) = K. What is the value of K for which the ‘steady-state error for unit-step input is less than. 5%? (a) 0.913 (b) 0.927 (©) 0953 (a) 1.050 [ESE-2017] aa¥W ore) AS! 70 paonpoido) 6q Aeu we0u SI MADE EASY Numerical Data Type Questions Q.19 The steady-state error is__ for an input of 1(t) = 2 + 3t + 40 for the given system 40(s +1) sare) Ris) t+— cs) Q.20 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by Kk Co Fea If gain kis increased to infinity, then damping ratio will tend to become [ESE-2005] Q.21 The closed-loop transfer function of a system is 4 1(s)=$ ‘9 (s° + 0.4844) The steady state error due to unit step input is [GATE-2014] Q.22 The unit step response of a system having transfer function H(s) K _ igshownin figure 3+A oz The value of 'K’ and ‘A’ are and Q.23 In the feedback system shown below, _ 1 © (6 +25) The step response of the closed-loop system should have minimum settling time and have no overshoot Gis)Q24 "1 The required value of gain kto achieve this is__. [GATE-2016] The open-loop transfer function of a de motor is oS) V,(s) 10 1410s given as When connected in feedback as shown below, the approximate value of K, that will reduce the time constant ofthe closed loop system by one hundred times as compared to that of the open-loop system i vas) Ris) Co} [GATE-2013] A unity feedback system has the opentoop K transfer function Gis) s(s+D) Determine the values of K and_p so that the settling time and peak overshoot will be 4 seconds and 10% respectively. Take +2% of the steady-state value definition for settling time. [Ans: p = 2, K = 2.85] 12. and ASV OWN 01 1OHEW DATARS WOUKGOD @ TON WIBG RON "SUI Jo pednpalde eq feu yooq Siar jo [ou AmOUIN WHO) ADB UI pee 3. 14. Workbook 63 A control system is defined by the following mathematical relationship @x | de 5 +6— +5x = 1211-2?" dt at (1 - ®t) The response x(t) of the system as ty. is [Ans: 2.4] The unit step response of a system is given below, Af) = 1 + 0.2e60'_ 4. 2¢-10t The damping ratio (€) of the system is Ans: 1.43] Transfer function of a control system is 14.45 (s* +1.204s + 2.829)(s + 5) The peak time for the unit step response is sec. Ts) [Ans: 2]Stability |@|Q.3° The characteristic equation of a control system s& + 25° + B94 + 1289 + 20s? + 165 + 16 = 0 The number of the roots of the equation which See rd lie on the imaginary axis of s-plane is 4 (a) zero (b) 2 (a) Soe (©) 4 () 6 | [ESE-2003] “4 The characteristic polynomial of a system is GS) = 25° + st + 459 + 257+ 2541 (b) — The system is x4 (a) stable (b) marginally stable (c)_unstable (d) oscillatory x [GATE-2004] (ce) haces x The system having characteristic equation: ' si +283 4+39+42s+k=0 is to be used as an oscillator. What are the values t of kand the frequency of oscillation «? (d) +}** @IK2 laid w= 1's ()"k= Pand w = 2 1s (k= 2ando = 1 ris x (@) k=2andw =2/1s [ESE-2006] ) : The feedback control systemin the figure is stable. x ‘ 3=z AB CDE as) —[k20] | aap roe) {fa 5 4 12 3 | )4 5 12 3 —_{s=2} @1 2 4 5 3 13] (@) forallK20 — (b) onlyis K20 @3 4 21 5 (c) onlyifO Khoo (b) 2k, > Kp>0 (©) 2k, 03 (©) K <0.05 (0) 0050 [ESE-2017] Q.12 Consider the unity feedback system with K GS) 25+2)(6+2) The system is marginally stable. is the rad/sec frequeney of oscillation? [ESE-2008] Q.13 For the polynomial Pls)=s5+s*+2s8+ 2s?+3s+15, are number of roots which lie in the right half of the splane. [GATE-2004] Q.14 The characteristic equation of an LT! system is TH given by Pls) =9s° #985‘ + 35° + 6s? - 45-8 =0 The number of roots that lie strictly in the lett half's-plane is _—_. [GATE-2015] Try Yourself A single-input single-output feedback system has forward transfer function G(s) and feedback transfer function H(s). It is given that | G(s) H(s)| < 1, Which of the following is true about the stability of the system? (a) The system is always stable. (b) The system is stable if all zeros of G(s) H(s) are in left half of the s-plane.66 72. 3. 74, Electronics Engineering @ Control Systems (c) The system is stable if all poles of G(s) H(s) are in left half of the s-plane. (d) Itis not possible to say whether or not the system is stable from the information given. [Ans: (d)] With negative feedback, the system stability and system gain respectively (a) Increases and increases (b) Increases and decreases (©) Decreases and increases (d) Decreases and decreases iu [Ans: (b)] The correct sequence of steps needed to improve system stability is (a) Insert derivation action, Use negative feedback and Reduce gain Reduce gain, Use negative feedback and Insert derivation aetion. Reduce gain, Insert derivation action and Use negative feedback Use negative feedback, Reduce gain and Insert derivation action. ° 3 z jo ued On [Ans: (d)] In the feedback system shown in figure _ st, (1+ St,) (1+ st2) Gs) To pe2np0.da) aa ABW woRd i Up 3 eu Fi 5. Using the Hurwitz-Routh method, determine the necessary conditions for the system to be stable “ Ge) ¥, [Ans: 0Oandt,>0 te and this is the only possible case.] Consider the feedback system shown below: oe) “a Exal If the poles location for this system is as shown in figure below, then the value of Kis fo [Ans: K = 2]at a2 as a4 { copyright Root Locus Technique Consider the points s, = -3 + ja and s, = -3~j2 inthe s-plane. Then, for a systemwith the open- 3 loop transfer function ia z 5 G(s)H(s) = 5 (s+ R (a) _s, is on the root locus, but not s. (b) ,is on the root locus, but not s, (©) both s, and s, are on the root locus (d) neither s, nor s, is on the root locus [GATE-1999] The characteristic equation of a control system is given by 5 + 4)(s2+ 254s) +HS41)=0 What are the angles of the asymptotes for the root loci for k> 0? (a) 60°, 180°, 300 (c) 120°, 180°, 240° (b) 0°, 180°, 300° (a) 0%120°/240° [ESE-2005] 2a /Pu pS Sw OMEN Mie MONT suOIEONG The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is given by s° + 5s? + (K+6)s + K=0 In the root loci diagram, the asymptotes of the root loci meet at a point in the s-plane whose coordinates are (@) (2.0) (c) (-2,0) papa (b) (-1,0) (d) (-3,0) [ESE-1999] The root locus plot of the system having the loop transfer function Gls) His) = has s(s+4)(s? +4s+5) (a) no breakaway point (b) three real breakaway points (©) only one breakaway point (d) onereal and two complex breakaway points [ESE-2001] Q.5 Which of the following is the following is the valid root loc as) = KS*4) io) fal $%(5+b) y RL / re (b), © Q.6 Anunity feedback system is given as, K(1-s) G(s) = = 50543) Indicate the correct root locus diagram68 Q7 Electronics Engineering @ jo (a) Soe [GATE-2005, IES-2001} — s(s+a) The valid root locus for 0 < a < « when K = 10 is The O.L.T-Fot a system is G(s) = Control Systems as 1G HON SUOHBD|ahd ASVS TVW OF oueU Walang TBUAGOD © ied on aia ag MADE EASY (c) The root-locus diagram for a closed-loop feedback system is shown in the figure. The system is overdamped (a) (b) © (a) onlyifOsK<1 only if15 if05 [GATE-2001] ‘The*root locus of a unity feedback system is shown inthe figure 5 The closed-loop transfer function of the system is @—— : Os) g © AES) ~ (FHE+D) 2 Os)____-K : ©) As) ~ Gr He+O+K E as) _ bg (0) z () FAs)" Gr de+9-K 3 Os) _ K (d) As) = + )(s+2)+K (+24K ([GATE-2014] _ connQ.10 The OLTF of a control system is as) Ke +4/3) s*(s+12) The valid RL will be / i (a) (b) ° a parans 30¥1 aiiand ASA 2 ‘poang0ia) 9q Few yooa Sun Je Workbook 69 Q.12 The characteristic equation of a unity negative feedback system is 1+ KG(s) = 0. The open loop transfer function G(s) has one pole at 0 and two poles at 1. The root locus of the system for varying K is shown in the figure. The constant damping ratio line, for = 0.5, intersects the root locus at point A. The distance from the origin to point A is given as 0.5. The value of K at point Ais [GATE-2014] Q.13 The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback configuration is given as. K(s+4) (s#8)(s* -9) The value of a'gain K(> 0) for which -1+ 2 lies on the root locus is [GATE-2015] Try Yourself 3| 11. Consider a feedback system with characteristic Q.11 Aunity feedback control system has an open- | 2 equation loop transfer function g 1K kK 8 s+1)(s+2) Gls) = Tia 75 12) 3 Compute the angles of the asymptotes of the is gain K for which s = ~1 + 1 will ie on 2 root-locus branches with the real axis of the the root locus of this system “ eee [GATE-2007] MADE EASY | ©copyrisht eam70 T2. 13. | Electronics Engineering Also find the centroid and the breakaway points of the root-locus of the system. Assume that K varies from 0 to e. [Ans. Centroid — (-1, 0) Breakaway point s = -0.422] Draw the root loci of the system showing all the relevant point for open-loop transfer function of the system given by K Gs) = —K __ s(s* +4s+8) Given G(s) Hs) Hex SrA) SKeteh the root locus of the system (i) Determine the value of K for which the system is at the verge of instability [Ans: K = 20] (ii) For the damping ratio () 0.34, determine the value of K and the gain margin (GM). © Control Systems MADE EASY T4. The forward-path transfer function of a ufo e system is 3 K(s+2) 3 GS) = Trays? 42502) é (5+ 3)(s" + 25+2) 2 The angle of departure from the complex poles = is 65; where 5 = degree, i [Ans: 108.4] The forward path transfer function of a unity 3 negative feedback system is given by |® K c s)= —_ g AS)= AEH rd The value of K which will place both the poles : Of the closed:loop system at the same location & is [Ans: K = 2.25] a ed On lo ON dey a@ Aus 1000 61 2 z Fy PublicationsFrequency Response Analysis Multiple Choice Questions Qt a2 as { ecopytight For X(t) = sin t. Find ¥(0 «wo —| (@) Vasint+45°) (0) Jesin(t-45) (c) V2sin(t-459) (a) pst 459) A ub. system has forward path transfer function 100. (3) = —— as) (s+ 10) The resonant frequency .and B.W,are. respectively (a) 7.07 rs, (b) 12.7 1s, (© 7.7018, (d) 1.27 rs, The transfer function of a system is As) __§ Ais) S+P When r(t) = Psin(2t-90°) and C(t) = sin(2 t- 60°) The value of ‘P’ will be a) aes @ me ©) (c) V3 (a) 1 A & z a EGON WBC ON SLI nov wy Faw a paSITN IO SON a4 Qs Qé a7 The phase margin (in degrees) of a system having the loop transfer function G(s)H(s) = s(s+ © {a) 45° (b) —30° (c) 60° (d) 30 [GATE-1999] The system with the open loop transfer function 1 G(S)H(8)=3-— has (s)H(s) Stas | Nee csi marainct (a) 6 4B (b) OdB (c) 3.508 (d) 6dB [GATE-2002] Asecond order system has 100 mM =>? Mi) = G0 nw? + 10/8 jo Its M, (Beak Magnitude) is (a) 05 (b) 1 (©) 2 (d) 2 [GATE-2007] The OLTF of unity feedback system is as+1 Gls) =F The value of ‘a’ to give phase margin = 45° will be (@) V2 (b) gE rr: A © We () Jy (ESE-2004] The polar plot (for positive frequencies) for the open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is shown in the given figure.Electronics Engineering @ 72 Im Gyo) The phase margin and the gain margin of the system are respectively (a) 150° and 4 (b) 150° and 3/4 (c) 30° and 4 (d) 30° and 3/4 [ESE-2000] Q9 The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given as. 1 9) SST IST.) The phase crossover frequency and the gain margin are, respectively [ESE-2001] Q.10 The phase margin (PM) and the damping ratio (&)are related by Py EE (ae fee | 28 (b) PM= | | ~28? + eae? | Ad09 © 3 nd ASW oda &@ ABI HOOR SIAR JOVEG ON Ne RON "SUB) Topas (0d valium oy) ROW U0) RUB UI pa Control Systems an MADE EASY ———_ Vb + V1+ 46" 2 ' (a) PM =180°— tan~ es Sivas’ | (c) PM=90°+tan! 2 [ESE-2003] List-I and List-II show the transfer function and polar plots respectively. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer: List-1 1 X17) _—_ = (1¥sT,)(sT) 1 C. S(irsT,)(¥sTs) 1 DO. Stet \t4s List-II 1 2 oe 3 “D o-= 4, oz] @=0Publication Codes: ABCD ° @21 43 g (b)3 4 1 2 Ss 2 4 13 3 @3 1 4 2 2 [ESE-2002] |= 2 Q.12 Consider the Nyquist diagram for given KG(s) H(s). The transfer function KG(s) H(s) has no poles and zeros in the right half of s-plane. If the (-1, 0) point is located first in region | and then in region II, the change in stability of the system will be from 41mg | z 2 Re (a) unstable to stable z (b) stable to stable g (©) unstable to unstable E (d) stable to unstable 2 [ESE-2002} | ® Q.13 The Nyquist plot of a unity feedback systern|||E- having open loop transfer function 3 _ Kis+3)(s+5) E Gs) for K = 1 is as shown = 2)(s- 4) below, For the system to be stable, the range of values of Kis wana) fue ui pas) Img GHplane an Uowssiwied (a) O0< K<133 (b) O< K< 1/133 (c) K> 133 (d) K> 1/1.33 [ESE-2003] mADE EASY Workbook 73 Q.14 Aunity feedback control system has a forward es {xs+ 1] value will be zero at frequency @,. Which one of the following equations should be satisfied byo,? (a) , =cot(To,) (©) Tw, =cot(o,) loop transfer function as Its phase (b) @, =tan(To,) (A) To, =tan(o,) [ESE-2004] Q.15 The polar diagram of a conditionally stable system for open loop gain K = 1 is shown in the figure. The open loop transfer function of the system is known to be stable. The closed loop system Is stable for 02 @ Kesordcket (o) Ka por isk <8 (ok 2 ©5 (1 [GATE-2014] Q.13 The state variable representation of a system is given as 01 1 2 1h 0-[' = [0 tk The response \(() is 2 (a) sin (1) (b) 1-e* 3 () 1-cos (1) (ao [GATE-2015] PublicationsElectronics Engineering @ 84 Q.14 The state variable description of an LTI system is given by Hh) (0 a 0)(m) (0 ¥o[=|0 O a||x]+/Olu vy) la 0 O}la} U4 1 10 Of x \43 } where y is the output and u is the input. The system is controllable for (a) 2,40, a,=0,a,#0 (b) a,=0, a, #0,a,#0 (0) a, =0, a, #0, a, (d) a, #0, a, #0, a [GATE-2012] Q.15 A second-order linear time-invariant system is described by the following state equations dq Gerd +2a(d) = Sut) d Grell) +00 = ul) where .x,(t) and x,(t) are the two state variables: and u(t) denotes the input. If the output c(t) = x,(1), then the system is (@) controllable but not observable (b) observable but not controllable (c) both controllable and observable (d) neither controllable nor observable [GATE-2016] Q.16 Consider a linear time invariant system = Ax, with initial conditions x(0) at t = 0. Suppose ot and f are eigenvectors of (2 x 2 ) matrix A corresponding to distinct eigenvalues A, and A, respectively. Then the response x(t) of the system due to initial condition x(0) = a. is (a) wert (©) efep (d) ere 4 gro [EE: GATE-2016] (c) erat Control Systems avwor aS) oi ea ke 3 MADE ERSY MADE EASY Numerical Data Type Questions Q.17 Anunforced linear time invariant (LTI) system is representéd by [i] a] If the initial conditions are x,(0) = 1 and x,(0) = ~1, the solution of the state equation is m(f) = ky et and x, = k, et Where k, and k, are respectively [GATE-2014] -1 0} 0 -2} x x2 Q.18 Consider the following state-space representation ofa linear time-invariant system. 10 r. wl he yit) = e'x(t), 1 1 ol «0 -[' The value of 4_f) for t = log,2 is _ (EE: GATE-2016] Try Yourself T1. The state equations in the phase variable canonical from can be obtained from the transfer function by (a) Cascaded decomposition (b) Direct decomposition (c) Inverse decomposition (d) Parallel decomposition (Ans: (b)] T2. The state equation of a second-order linear system is given by (0) = Axi), x(0) = x13. Workbook 85 i 1 ea 0" T4. Consider the state space model of a system, ror oo S]ane[ 2] ante nf} ol serene fete 2] [#] [-1 1 Offa] fo n lot ype 8] |iol=| 0-1 Ollx.|+{4|ucy=[1 1d}. 2] Lie] LO 0 -2}Lx}- Lo. x3 3 5 When -| I} x(t) is 3 The system is iS 2 (a) controllable and observable g (b) uncontrollable and observable a tte" -8e7 a (c) uncontrollable and unobservable | ate + 160% |] | 5 (d) controllable and unobservable z [Ans: (b)] Find the state transition matrix 9(f) of given |@| TS. System matrix of continuous time system is ]_[O 1][x] g 0 1] system ello o ps! a Arse | aguas jethenscharacteristic equation 8 is tf z ans: | 1] [Ans: s? + 5s +3 = 0] = on 3 3 3