1

2
3
4
 mate
class Animal:

def mate_with(self, other):

if other is not self and other.species_name == self.species_name:
self.mate = other
other.mate = self

5
 mate
class Animal:

def mate_with(self, other):

if other is not self and other.species_name == self.species_name:
self.mate = other
other.mate = self

mr_wabbit = Rabbit("Mister Wabbit", 3)

jane_doe = Rabbit("Jane Doe", 2)
mr_wabbit.mate_with(jane_doe)

5
babies
class Rabbit(Animal):

def reproduce_like_rabbits(self):
if self.mate is None:
print("oh no! better go on ZoOkCupid")
return
self.babies = []
for _ in range(0, self.num_in_litter):
self.babies.append(Rabbit("bunny", 0))

6
babies
class Rabbit(Animal):

def reproduce_like_rabbits(self):
if self.mate is None:
print("oh no! better go on ZoOkCupid")
return
self.babies = []
for _ in range(0, self.num_in_litter):
self.babies.append(Rabbit("bunny", 0))

mr_wabbit = Rabbit("Mister Wabbit", 3)

jane_doe = Rabbit("Jane Doe", 2)
mr_wabbit.mate_with(jane_doe)
jane_doe.reproduce_like_rabbits()

6
def partytime(animals):
"""Assuming ANIMALS is a list of Animals, cause each
to interact with all the others exactly once."""
for i in range(len(animals)):
for j in range(i + 1, len(animals)):
animals[i].interact_with(animals[j])

7
def partytime(animals):
"""Assuming ANIMALS is a list of Animals, cause each
to interact with all the others exactly once."""
for i in range(len(animals)):
for j in range(i + 1, len(animals)):
animals[i].interact_with(animals[j])

jane_doe = Rabbit("Jane Doe", 2)

scar = Lion("Scar", 12)
elly = Elephant("Elly", 5)
pandy = Panda("PandeyBear", 4)
partytime([jane_doe, scar, elly, pandy])

7
8
9
class Lamb:
species_name = "Lamb"
scientific_name = "Ovis aries"

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def play(self):
self.happy = True

lamb = Lamb("Lil")
owner = "Mary"
had_a_lamb = True
fleece = {"color": "white", "fluffiness": 100}
kids_at_school = ["Billy", "Tilly", "Jilly"]
day = 1

10
class Lamb:
species_name = "Lamb"
scientific_name = "Ovis aries"

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def play(self):
self.happy = True

lamb = Lamb("Lil")
owner = "Mary"
had_a_lamb = True
fleece = {"color": "white", "fluffiness": 100}
kids_at_school = ["Billy", "Tilly", "Jilly"]
day = 1

lamb owner had_a_lamb fleece kids_at_school day

object.__class__.__bases__

10
object

11
object

dir()

dir(object)

12
object

dir()

dir(object)
__repr__ __str__ __format__
__eq__ __ge__ __gt__ __le__ __lt__ __ne__
__bases__ __class__ __new__ __init__ __init_subclass__ __subclasshook__
__setattr__ __delattr__ __getattribute__
__dir__ __hash__ __module__ __reduce__ __reduce_ex__

12
13
 __str__

from fractions import Fraction

one_third = 1/3
one_half = Fraction(1, 2)

float.__str__(one_third)
Fraction.__str__(one_half)

14
 __str__

from fractions import Fraction

one_third = 1/3
one_half = Fraction(1, 2)

float.__str__(one_third) # '0.3333333333333333'
Fraction.__str__(one_half) # '1/2'

14
 __str__
print() str()
from fractions import Fraction

one_third = 1/3
one_half = Fraction(1, 2)

print(one_third)
print(one_half)

str(one_third)
str(one_half)

f"{one_half} > {one_third}"

15
 __str__
print() str()
from fractions import Fraction

one_third = 1/3
one_half = Fraction(1, 2)

print(one_third) # '0.3333333333333333'
print(one_half) # '1/2'

str(one_third) # '0.3333333333333333'
str(one_half) # '1/2'

f"{one_half} > {one_third}" # '1/2 > 0.3333333333333333'

15
 __str__

class Lamb:
species_name = "Lamb"
scientific_name = "Ovis aries"

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def __str__(self):
return "Lamb named " + self.name

lil = Lamb("Lil lamb")

str(lil)

print(lil)

16
 __repr__

from fractions import Fraction

one_half = Fraction(1, 2)
Fraction.__repr__(one_half) # 'Fraction(1, 2)'

eval()

another_half = eval(Fraction.__repr__(one_half))

17
 __repr__
repr(object)

from fractions import Fraction

one_third = 1/3
one_half = Fraction(1, 2)

one_third
one_half
repr(one_third)
repr(one_half)

18
 __repr__

class Lamb:
species_name = "Lamb"
scientific_name = "Ovis aries"

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def __str__(self):
return "Lamb named " + self.name

def __repr__(self):
return f"Lamb({repr(self.name)})"

lil = Lamb("Lil lamb")

repr(lil)
lil

19
 repr(obj)

ClassName.__repr__
ClassName.__repr__

__repr__
object.__repr__

str(obj)

ClassName.__str__
__str__
repr()

20
21
__init__

__repr__

__str__
__add__
__bool__
__float__

22
zero = 0
one = 1
two = 2

one + two # 3 one.__add__(two) # 3

bool(zero) # False zero.__bool__() # False

bool(one) # True one.__bool__() # True

23
from math import gcd

class Rational:
def __init__(self, numerator, denominator):
g = gcd(numerator, denominator)
self.numer = numerator // g
self.denom = denominator // g

def __str__(self):
return f"{self.numer}/{self.denom}"

def __repr__(self):
return f"Rational({self.numer}, {self.denom})"

Rational(1, 2) + Rational(3, 4)

24
from math import gcd

class Rational:
def __init__(self, numerator, denominator):
g = gcd(numerator, denominator)
self.numer = numerator // g
self.denom = denominator // g

def __str__(self):
return f"{self.numer}/{self.denom}"

def __repr__(self):
return f"Rational({self.numer}, {self.denom})"

Rational(1, 2) + Rational(3, 4)

24
 __add__
class Rational:
def __init__(self, numerator, denominator):
g = gcd(numerator, denominator)
self.numer = numerator // g
self.denom = denominator // g

def __add__(self, other):

# The rest...

25
 __add__
class Rational:
def __init__(self, numerator, denominator):
g = gcd(numerator, denominator)
self.numer = numerator // g
self.denom = denominator // g

def __add__(self, other):

new_numer = self.numer * other.denom + other.numer * self.denom
new_denom = self.denom * other.denom
return Rational(new_numer, new_denom)

# The rest...

25
 __add__
class Rational:
def __init__(self, numerator, denominator):
g = gcd(numerator, denominator)
self.numer = numerator // g
self.denom = denominator // g

def __add__(self, other):

new_numer = self.numer * other.denom + other.numer * self.denom
new_denom = self.denom * other.denom
return Rational(new_numer, new_denom)

# The rest...

Rational(1, 2) + Rational(3, 4)

25
26
str repr

repr(1/3) # '0.3333333333333333'
repr(Rational(1, 3)) # 'Rational(1, 3)'

str(1/3) # '0.3333333333333333'
str(Rational(1, 3)) # '1/3'

__str__ __repr__

27
def sum_two(a, b):
return a + b

a b

sum_two a b

28
def sum_two(a, b):
return a + b

a b

sum_two a b

28
def sum_em(items, initial_value):
"""Returns the sum of ITEMS,
starting with a value of INITIAL_VALUE."""
sum = initial_value
for item in items:
sum += item
return sum

items

initial_value

sum_em items
initial_value

29
def sum_em(items, initial_value):
"""Returns the sum of ITEMS,
starting with a value of INITIAL_VALUE."""
sum = initial_value
for item in items:
sum += item
return sum

items

initial_value

sum_em items
initial_value

29
def sum_em(items, initial_value):
"""Returns the sum of ITEMS,
starting with a value of INITIAL_VALUE."""
sum = initial_value
for item in items:
sum += item
return sum

items

initial_value

sum_em items
initial_value

29
def is_valid_month(month):
if isinstance(month, int):
return month >= 1 and month <= 12
elif isinstance(month, str):
return month in ["January", "February", "March", "April",
"May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
"October", "November", "December"]
return false

month

is_valid_month
month

30
def is_valid_month(month):
if isinstance(month, int):
return month >= 1 and month <= 12
elif isinstance(month, str):
return month in ["January", "February", "March", "April",
"May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
"October", "November", "December"]
return false

month

is_valid_month
month

30
def sum_numbers(nums):
"""Returns the sum of NUMS"""
sum = Rational(0, 0)
for num in nums:
if isinstance(num, int):
num = Rational(num, 1)
sum += num
return sum

nums

sum_numbers nums

31
def sum_numbers(nums):
"""Returns the sum of NUMS"""
sum = Rational(0, 0)
for num in nums:
if isinstance(num, int):
num = Rational(num, 1)
sum += num
return sum

nums

sum_numbers nums

31