SOCSCI FINALS REVIEWER

WEEK 13: EL FILIBUSTERISMO Spaniards apply this word to one whom they want
to make a revolutionary suspect. The Filipinos
guardia civil
belonging to the educated class fear the reach of
-police/military forced assigned by the colonial the word. It … means a dangerous patriot who will
government to maintain peace and order. soon be hanged or well, a presumptuous man.”

cabeza de barangay Writing the Novel

- head of the barangay EL FILIBUSTERISMO

filibustéro - started to be written in October 1887 in

Calamba during his first homecoming
(19th century context)

-translated as “subversive” - Rizal continued working on his novel and

made some revisions in 1888.
-a patriot who was usually associated with -Brussels, London, and Paris
revolutionary activities

Filibustéro COMPLETION OF THE El Filibusterismo

“the one eager for the independence of the Rizal had finally completed the El Filibusterismo by
country, resorts to various extralegal proceedings March 29, 1891 in Biarritz, France.
in order to reach the objective that he pursues”
Jose Alejandrino
-Wenceslao Retana , 1890
- Rizal’s roommate in Belgium
filibuster

“someone who works for the separation of our - later became a general in the Philippine
overseas provinces” revolution, may have been the first person
to read the novel aside from the author
-19th century Spanish colonial government
- Publisher: F. Meyer-Van Loo in Ghent,
THE REIGN OF GREED- Jose Rizal
Belgium
“represents Rizal's more mature judgement on
political and social conditions in the islands, and in
its graver and less hopeful tone reflects the Challenge faced in Writing the El Fili
disappointments and discouragements which he
had encountered in his efforts to lead the way to - lack of funds delayed the publication of the
reform.” - Charles Derbyshire, The Reign of Greed El Filibusterismo

El Filibusterismo
July 9, 1891 To JOSE BASA
FILIBUSTERO: HISTORY AND CONTEXT
“For the past three months I have not received a
“The word filibustero is little known in the single centavo, so I have pawned all that I have in
Philippines …I heard it for the first time in 1872 order to publish this book. I will continue
when the tragic executions [of the Gomburza] took publishing it as long as I can; and when there is
place. I still remember the panic that this word nothing to pawn I will stop …”
created. Our father forbade us to utter it, as well as
the words Cavite, Burgos (one of the executed
priests), etc. The Manila newspapers and the

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VALENTIN VENTURA ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order

to be a member of Manila's high society.
- Savior of the El Fili
- He was Rizal’s friend who partially Paulita Gomez - The girlfriend of Isagani and the
financed the novel’s publication niece of Doña Victorina, the old India who passing
(racial identity) passes herself off as a Peninsulares.
Deleted Pages
In the end, she and Juanito Peláez were wed, and
47 whole pages were erased from the 279-page she dumped Isagani, believing that she will have no
manuscript to save expenses future if she marries him.

Noli Me Tangere Father Florentino - Isagani's godfather, and a

secular priest; was engaged to be married but
64 chapters chose to be a priest after being pressured by his
El Filibusterismo mother, the story hinting at the ambivalence of his
decision as he chose an assignment to a remote
38 chapters place, living in solitude near the sea.
GOMBURZA Juli- Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and
Rizal dedicated the book to the memory of the the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales.
GOMBURZA, the three Filipino patriotic priests Ben Zayb - Abraham Ibañez is his real name. He is
who were accused of being ‘filibustero’ and thus a journalist who thought he was the "only" one
executed. thinking in the Philippines.
-Spain used the garrote as a form of state- Placido Penitente - a student of the University of
sponsored execution as recently as 1974 Santo Tomas who was very intelligent and wise but
did not want, if not only by his mother's plea, to
pursue his studies.
CHARACTERS
Quiroga - a Chinese businessman who dreamt of
Simoun - The continuation of the character of being a consul of a "Consulate of China" in the
Crisostomo Ibarra disguised as a wealthy jeweler, Philippines. He kept Simoun's weapons inside his
bent on starting a revolution. Using his wealth, he house.
encouraged the people who experienced abuse to
join him in his rebellion against the church and the Tandang Selo - Father of Kabesang Tales. He raised
government. the sick and young Basilio after his mother Sisa had
died.
Basilio - Sisa's son and was adopted by Kapitan
Tiago, boyfriend of Juli and an aspiring doctor. Father Fernandez - the priest-friend of Isagani. He
promised Isagani that he and the other priests will
Isagani - poet and Basilio's best friend; portrayed give in to the students' demands.
as emotional and reactive student leader; Paulita
Gómez' boyfriend before being dumped for fellow Attorney Pasta - one of the great lawyers of mid-
student Juanito Pelaez. Hispanic Manila.

Kabesang Tales - a former Cabeza de Barangay Captain-General (no specific name) - the powerful
(Barangay Head) who was known as a Luzon bandit highest official in the Philippines.
Matanglawin. Padre Sibyla - Hernando de la Sibyla, a Filipino friar
Don Custodio - a famous "journalist" who was and now vice-rector of the University of Santo
asked by the students about his decision for the Tomas.
Academia de Castellano. In reality, he was quite an

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Synopsis of the El Fili simultaneously attack all the government buildings

in Manila.
The story in El Filibusterismo revolves around its
main character Simoun who is an affluent jeweler. During the reception, Simoun gives his gift to the
Simoun is actually Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli newly-weds. Before hurriedly leaving the venue,
whom everyone thought had been killed by the he leaves a piece of mysterious paper bearing the
Guardia Civil at Laguna de Bay. He had in fact message “You will die tonight” signed by Juan
escaped, fled to Cuba, become wealthy, and made Crisostomo Ibarra.
connections with influential Spanish officials.
Meanwhile, Isagani, the rejected lover of Paulita, is
In reality however, everything Simoun does is just standing outside the reception. His friend Basilio
part of his grand plan to take revenge against the tells him to leave the place because the lamp will
Spanish officials and rescue Maria Clara from the soon blow up.
convent. Planning to stage a revolution, he
When Father Salvi identifies the handwriting in the
smuggles arms and looks for followers, mainly
note and confirms that it was indeed Ibarra’s, the
from the exploited and abused natives.
guests begin to panic. When the lamp flickers,
Upon his return to the Philippines after many Father Irene tries to turn the wick up. But Isagani,
years, he becomes very influential as the governor wanting to save Paulita’s life, rushes into the
general, who owes so much to him, consults him in house, grabs the lamp, and throws it into the river
making decisions. where it explodes.

One of his recruits is Basilio, the son of Sisa, who Simoun’s revolutionary plot was thus known, and
with Capitan Tiago’s help was able to study in he is thus hunted by the law enforcers. He
Manila. Simoun also makes an alliance with the managed to escape but was seriously wounded.
revolutionary group of Kabesang Tales, a former Carrying his jewelry chest, he finds shelter in the
‘cabeza de barangay’ who suffered maltreatments home of Padre Florentino by the sea. Learning of
from the hands of the friars. Using his influence, his presence in the house of the priest, the
Simoun encourages corruption, decadence, and lieutenant of the Guardia Civil informs Padre
more oppressive government policies so that the Florentino that he will come in the evening to
citizens may become more infuriated. arrest Simoun.
However, the planned revolt one night was not Simoun then takes poison that he would not be
carried out because Simoun, upon hearing that caught alive. As the poison’s effects start to take
Maria Clara died in the nunnery, decided not to toll on his body, he confesses to Florentino his true
give the signal for the outbreak of the uprising. identity and his plan of revenge through bloody
revolution.
Another plan was made some months later. At the
venue of the wedding reception of Juanito Pelaez After the emotional and agonizing confession of
and Paulita Gomez, Simoun planted many the dying man, the priest absolves the dying man
explosives—enough to kill the invited guests, from his sins, saying: “God will forgive you Señor
primarily the friars and government officials. Simoun. He knows that we are fallible. He has seen
that you have suffered … He has frustrated your
According to the plot, the big explosion shall be
plans one by one … first by the death of Maria
started by the gift he would give to the newlyweds
Clara, then by a lack of preparation, then in some
at the reception—a kerosene lamp with an
mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render
explosive. When the lamp flickers and someone
Him thanks!”
turns the wick, it will result into a big explosion that
will become a signal to the revolutionary troops to The story ends with the priest throwing Simoun’s
treasures into the sea so that they would not be

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used by the greedy. The priest hopes that when the C. Good leadership and governance bring about
right time comes, they would be recovered and social, economic, and political reforms in the
used only for the good. country. All this can be achieved if the leaders have
Isagani moral fiber, and are ready to give up their personal
interests for the welfare of their constituents.
“Kung sa pagtanda ko'y lumingon ako sa aking
kabataan at wala ni sa man akong mabuting On Education and Language
nagawa sa bayan, bawat puting buhok ay At the time that Simoun was planning to launch the
magsisilbing tinik na susurot sa aking pagkatao”
revolution, students including Basilio were also
fighting for the establishment of a school that
would allow natives to learn the Spanish language.
Week 15: El Filibusterismo
Continuing Relevance
Simoun strongly reacted against the project
Noli Me Tangere advocated by the students. For him, it would mean
- It is a social novel the death of national identity and the
- Centered on the primary characters – institutionalization of tyranny.
Ibarra, Maria Clara and Padre Damaso
El Filibusterismo Basilio, on the other hand, believed that through
- It is a political and revolutionary novel. education, he would be able to alleviate the lives
- There are several characters which give of his fellow Filipinos.
color to the story such as the fate of Basilio
and the revolutionary group of Simoun. He did not believe that revolution could be an
effective means to achieve freedom. For him,
Is Dr. Jose Rizal still relevant?
education and science would save the country
from its present situation.
Revolution as a Means of Social Change
Ambeth Ocampo : On the Filipino Youth
"Simoun failed-not because Rizal was against the A. Rizal saw the youth as the future of the country
revolution, but because he reflected on the anger because this generation would one day lead the
and bitterness in his heart following the agrarian nation. Their actions today would shape the path
dispute in Calamba, and realized that one must of tomorrow.
start with a good intention to succeed."
B. the youth could challenge the government if
On Leadership and Governance they wanted reforms from the government.
A. if the demands of the people would not be
granted, they would be driven to oppose the WEEK 16-17: Rizal's Annotation on
system and organize movements to fight for their Antonia Morga's Book
rights. Annotation
A short explanation or note added to a text or
B. there are some Filipinos who did not respond to image, or the act of adding short explanations or
the challenges under the abusive leadership of the notes.
Spaniards

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Question:
What were the reasons why Rizal chose to reprint
Morga’s book rather than some other
contemporary historical accounts of the
Philippines?

Reasons
- A rare original book
- Morga was a layman.
- the writing was non-religious
- Morga was sympathetic to the indios.
- He was both an eyewitness and major
actor of the historical events.
Antonio Morga
Antonio de Morga’s book was rare for 2 reasons:
A Spaniard who was a high ranking official in the
- It was non-spiritual & chronicles of Spanish
army, a lawyer, Anthropologist and Historian.
colonial officials that time were rare.
Jose Rizal was fond of his writing due to its unique
- Dr. Jose Rizal annotated the book of Dr.
exposition of what did occurred and happened in
Morga that expressed the loss of an
the Philippines prior and during the management
important historical treasure due to the
of some of the Governador Generals.
dream and ambitious expedition of Spain
for richness, fame, and conquest.
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
- It talks about events from 1493-1603.
Why was Rizal’s annotation significant?
Answer
- First published book about the Philippines
It created a sense of national consciousness or
showing the political, social, & economic
identity among Filipinos.
systems.

- It Showed the country under the Jose Rizal’s Changing Views and the Spanish Rule
Spaniards, Spanish trade policies, Filipinos were INDOLENT
communication with Japan, China, & - Means little love for work and lack of
energy.
missionary movements, the envious
motives of the Portuguese, & the dangers Dr. Gregorio G. Sanciano
of sea-sailing. The report was inconsistent, and indolence did not
exist in the Filipinos
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
Rizal annotated and printed new editions whose It was stated that Filipinos prior to the arrival of the
foreword or introduction was written by Dr. Spaniards are diligent and trade with other
Ferdinand Blumentritt neighboring countries and took some time in
learning their language to communicate better and
developed themselves. It was stated in the Chinese
manuscript of the 13th century that was translated
by Dr. Hirth (Zaide & Zaide, 338).

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Rizal’s The Indolence of the Filipinos - Governor General Camilo de Polavieja

(Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinos) wanted a peace truce with the rebels-
Claim 1: stating his "policy of attraction"; though it
Climate differences/ Hot Climate did materialize but Emilio Aguinaldo
- Rizal uses geographical differences as a (Revolutionary General and the First
major factor. President of the Philippine Republic)
collaborated with the Americans (and the
- He believes that climate has something to beginning of Uncle Sam's Empire in the
do with the indolence of some Filipinos. archipelago).
Claim 2:
Unequal Workloads - According to Wenceslao Retana's book,
- Rizal continued to lambast the notion by Escritos, the death of Rizal was the end of
questioning the comfortable lifestyle and the Spanish Empire in the Philippines.
work habits of Spanish officials who relies
on servants to do things for them.
“Man is not a brute, he is not a machine, his object
is not merely to produce…”
- He ends this part by saying that man is not
Gregorio G. Sancianco
a machine who is not only meant to
produce.

RIZAL'S TRIAL & EXECUTION

November 20, 1896
- Preliminary investigation of Rizal’s case
December 26, 1896
- Rizal was found guilty and sentenced to
death by firing squad
December 28, 1896
- Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja
signed the court decision
December 29, 1896
- Mother and sisters visited Rizal
December 30, 1896
- Consummatum Est!

ESSENCE OF RIZAL'S DEATH

IMPORTANT EVENTS AFTER RIZAL'S DEATH
- Rizal's death triggered the Philippine
Revolution of 1896.

- Josephine, as well as Rizal's brother,

Paciano, joined forces with the
revolutionaries.

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Quizzes Quiz 2
Question 1
Quiz 1
Who is the character El Fill who encourages
Question 1 the principalia class to abuse the poor so that
The first to translate the El Fili into English. the latter would be driven to revolt against the
a. Charles Derbyshire government?
b. Jose Alejandrino Ans: Simoun
c. VALENTIN VENTURA
Question 2
Question 2 Noli: Social Novel; El Fili:________
How many pages were deleted from EL Fili? Ans: political and revolutionary novel.
a. 46
Question 3
: b. 47
According to A. Ocampo. "Simoun failed not
c. 48 because Rizal was against the revolution, but
d. 49 because he reflected on___________ and
realized that one must start with a good
Question 3 intention to succeed."
EL Fili was dedicated by Rizal to ___________. Ans: anger and bitterness
a. Filipinos
b. Spanish Question 4
c. GOMBURZA Why Rizal believed that the youth is future of
d. his mother our country?
Ans: because their actions today would shape
Question 4 the path of tomorrow.
Rizal's friend who partially financed El Fili's
publication. Question 5
a. VALENTIN VENTURA Why Rizal was admired by other propagandist?
b. MAXIMO VIOLO Ans: He showed a kind of leadership that was
c. Jose Alejandrino not motivated by personal interest

Question 5
The following were the means Rizal used to Quiz 3
Question 1
publish his El Fili, except one.
Rizal was fond of Antonio Morga’s writing due
a. pawning his properties
to _____________________.
b. grabbing Ventura's financial help
a. its explicit explanation on what was the real
c. having deleted a few pages to save expenses
situation of the Philippines during the Spanish
for the publication of El FIli
Colonization
d. asking his friends, Maximo Viola and
b. its unique exposition of what occurred and
Ferdinand Blumentritt, for financial
happened in the Philippines prior to and
assistance during the management of the Governor-
Generals

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c. its theme and genre talk about the a. The book holds the facts about the
exploitation of the Spaniards in Rizal’s beloved Philippines and contains the keen observation
Philippines of the author
d. its showcase of sympathy towards the b. The beginning of the book interests Rizal
Philippines after the Spanish colonial due to its theme and genre
government ran the country c. The chapters of the book contain the real
condition of the Philippines during the colonial
Question 2 period
This book talks about events from 1493 to d. The later chapter of its book tackles the
1603 and was considered the first published
book about the Philippines showing the Philippines as an island inhabited by natives
with its own antiquity, costume, and
political, social, and economic systems.
a. a. El Filibusterismo government
b. b. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
Question 6
c. Noli Me Tangere
The following are the reasons why Rizal chose
d. Rizal’s Annotation
to reprint Morga’s book rather than some
other contemporary historical accounts of the
Question 3
Philippines EXCEPT:
The Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas was perhaps
a. It was a rare original book
the best account of Spanish colonialism in the
Philippines and it was based on  b. The book was prophetic
_____________________. c. The writing was non-religious
a. a. Partly documentary research, partly on d. Morga was sympathetic to the indios

keen observation, and partly on author’s Question 7

personal involvement knowledge Why was Rizal’s annotation significant?
a. It provided additional information with
b. Fully on the knowledge of the author
regards to the difference before and during
c. Partly on the author’s knowledge and on
the colonization in the country
documentary research
b. It expressed a revolution kind of reform to
d. Fully on the keen observation of the author
be instilled in the hearts of the Filipinos
Question 4 c. It created a sense of national
Rizal annotated Morga’s book and printed new consciousness or identity among Filipinos
editions whose foreword or introduction was
d. It made the Filipinos realize the importance
written by ___________________.
of discovering the real treasure of the country
a. Valentin Ventura
b. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt Question 8
c. Maximo Viola This refers to an act of which a person may be
d. Eduarte De Lete near or beyond procrastination and was
Spanish Authorities' perception of the
Question 5 Filipinos.
Why did Dr. Rizal become interested and a. Hardworking
wanted to annotate the book? b. Arrogant
c. Hard-headed
d. Indolence

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Question 9
One of the predispositions that exist in the
Philippines and was believed as one of the
reasons why many Filipinos procrastinate.
a. Mountainous
b. Hot climate
c. Rainy season
d. Many rebels

Question 10
Rizal was accused of
________________________, the reason why
he was sentenced to death by firing squad.
a. being the main organizer of the revolution
by having proliferated the ideas of rebellion
b. being filibuster
c. being the traitor of the Spanish government
d. being anxious about the condition of the
indios