CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS - 1

AIM- Implementation of Routing Information Protocol (RIP) in NS-3

SOFTWARE USED- NS-3

CODE-

// Network topology
//
// SRC
// |<=== source network
// A-----B
// \ / \ all networks have cost 1, except
// \ / | for the direct link from C to D, which
// C / has cost 10
// |/
// |/
// D
// |<=== target network
// DST
//
// A, B, C and D are RIPng routers.
// A and D are configured with static addresses.
// SRC and DST will exchange packets.
//
// After about 3 seconds, the topology is built, and Echo Reply will be received.
// After 40 seconds, the link between B and D will break, causing a route failure.
// After 44 seconds from the failure, the routers will recovery from the failure.
// Split Horizoning should affect the recovery time, but it is not. See the manual
// for an explanation of this effect.
//
// If "showPings" is enabled, the user will see:
// 1) if the ping has been acknowledged
// 2) if a Destination Unreachable has been received by the sender
// 3) nothing, when the Echo Request has been received by the destination but
// the Echo Reply is unable to reach the sender.
// Examining the .pcap files with Wireshark can confirm this effect.

#include <fstream>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-apps-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h"

using namespace ns3;

 NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("RipSimpleRouting");

void TearDownLink (Ptr<Node> nodeA, Ptr<Node> nodeB, uint32_t interfaceA, uint32_t

interfaceB)
{
nodeA->GetObject<Ipv4> ()->SetDown (interfaceA);
nodeB->GetObject<Ipv4> ()->SetDown (interfaceB);
}

int main (int argc, char **argv)

{
bool verbose = false;
bool printRoutingTables = false;
bool showPings = false;
std::string SplitHorizon ("PoisonReverse");

CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "turn on log components", verbose);
cmd.AddValue ("printRoutingTables", "Print routing tables at 30, 60 and 90 seconds",
printRoutingTables);
cmd.AddValue ("showPings", "Show Ping6 reception", showPings);
cmd.AddValue ("splitHorizonStrategy", "Split Horizon strategy to use (NoSplitHorizon,
SplitHorizon, PoisonReverse)", SplitHorizon);
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

if (verbose)
{
LogComponentEnableAll (LogLevel (LOG_PREFIX_TIME | LOG_PREFIX_NODE));
LogComponentEnable ("RipSimpleRouting", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("Rip", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv4Interface", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Icmpv4L4Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv4L3Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("ArpCache", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("V4Ping", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
}

if (SplitHorizon == "NoSplitHorizon")
{
Config::SetDefault ("ns3::Rip::SplitHorizon", EnumValue (RipNg::NO_SPLIT_HORIZON));
}
else if (SplitHorizon == "SplitHorizon")
{
Config::SetDefault ("ns3::Rip::SplitHorizon", EnumValue (RipNg::SPLIT_HORIZON));
}
else
{

 Config::SetDefault ("ns3::Rip::SplitHorizon", EnumValue (RipNg::POISON_REVERSE));

}

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");

Ptr<Node> src = CreateObject<Node> ();
Names::Add ("SrcNode", src);
Ptr<Node> dst = CreateObject<Node> ();
Names::Add ("DstNode", dst);
Ptr<Node> a = CreateObject<Node> ();
Names::Add ("RouterA", a);
Ptr<Node> b = CreateObject<Node> ();
Names::Add ("RouterB", b);
Ptr<Node> c = CreateObject<Node> ();
Names::Add ("RouterC", c);
Ptr<Node> d = CreateObject<Node> ();
Names::Add ("RouterD", d);
NodeContainer net1 (src, a);
NodeContainer net2 (a, b);
NodeContainer net3 (a, c);
NodeContainer net4 (b, c);
NodeContainer net5 (c, d);
NodeContainer net6 (b, d);
NodeContainer net7 (d, dst);
NodeContainer routers (a, b, c, d);
NodeContainer nodes (src, dst);

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channels.");

CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (5000000));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (MilliSeconds (2)));
NetDeviceContainer ndc1 = csma.Install (net1);
NetDeviceContainer ndc2 = csma.Install (net2);
NetDeviceContainer ndc3 = csma.Install (net3);
NetDeviceContainer ndc4 = csma.Install (net4);
NetDeviceContainer ndc5 = csma.Install (net5);
NetDeviceContainer ndc6 = csma.Install (net6);
NetDeviceContainer ndc7 = csma.Install (net7);

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create IPv4 and routing");

RipHelper ripRouting;

// Rule of thumb:
// Interfaces are added sequentially, starting from 0
// However, interface 0 is always the loopback...
ripRouting.ExcludeInterface (a, 1);
ripRouting.ExcludeInterface (d, 3);

 ripRouting.SetInterfaceMetric (c, 3, 10);

ripRouting.SetInterfaceMetric (d, 1, 10);

Ipv4ListRoutingHelper listRH;
listRH.Add (ripRouting, 0);
// Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper staticRh;
// listRH.Add (staticRh, 5);

InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.SetIpv6StackInstall (false);
internet.SetRoutingHelper (listRH);
internet.Install (routers);

InternetStackHelper internetNodes;
internetNodes.SetIpv6StackInstall (false);
internetNodes.Install (nodes);

// Assign addresses.
// The source and destination networks have global addresses
// The "core" network just needs link-local addresses for routing.
// We assign global addresses to the routers as well to receive
// ICMPv6 errors.
NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IPv4 Addresses.");
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.0.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic1 = ipv4.Assign (ndc1);

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.1.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic2 = ipv4.Assign (ndc2);

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.2.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic3 = ipv4.Assign (ndc3);

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.3.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic4 = ipv4.Assign (ndc4);

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.4.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic5 = ipv4.Assign (ndc5);

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.5.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic6 = ipv4.Assign (ndc6);

ipv4.SetBase (Ipv4Address ("10.0.6.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.255.255.0"));

Ipv4InterfaceContainer iic7 = ipv4.Assign (ndc7);

Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> staticRouting;

 staticRouting = Ipv4RoutingHelper::GetRouting <Ipv4StaticRouting> (src->GetObject<Ipv4> ()-

>GetRoutingProtocol ());
staticRouting->SetDefaultRoute ("10.0.0.2", 1 );
staticRouting = Ipv4RoutingHelper::GetRouting <Ipv4StaticRouting> (dst->GetObject<Ipv4> ()-
>GetRoutingProtocol ());
staticRouting->SetDefaultRoute ("10.0.6.1", 1 );

if (printRoutingTables)
{
RipHelper routingHelper;

Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> routingStream = Create<OutputStreamWrapper> (&std::cout);

routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (30.0), a, routingStream);

routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (30.0), b, routingStream);
routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (30.0), c, routingStream);
routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (30.0), d, routingStream);

routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (60.0), a, routingStream);

routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (60.0), b, routingStream);
routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (60.0), c, routingStream);
routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (60.0), d, routingStream);

routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (90.0), a, routingStream);

routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (90.0), b, routingStream);
routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (90.0), c, routingStream);
routingHelper.PrintRoutingTableAt (Seconds (90.0), d, routingStream);
}

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Applications.");

uint32_t packetSize = 1024;
Time interPacketInterval = Seconds (1.0);
V4PingHelper ping ("10.0.6.2");

ping.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (interPacketInterval));

ping.SetAttribute ("Size", UintegerValue (packetSize));
if (showPings)
{
ping.SetAttribute ("Verbose", BooleanValue (true));
}
ApplicationContainer apps = ping.Install (src);
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (110.0));

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
csma.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("rip-simple-routing.tr"));
csma.EnablePcapAll ("rip-simple-routing", true);

 Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (40), &TearDownLink, b, d, 3, 2);

/* Now, do the actual simulation. */

NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (131.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
}

OUTPUT-

-40

-20
85.6
0 kb → 8
it/s → kbit/s 5.
← 85 46.40 60
.60 k kbit/s←
bit/s 7. 5.60 85 k
←280 .6 bit/
0 kb 0 s
it/ kb →
s it/s 85.60
→ kbit/s
← 85 →
.60 k
bit/s

20

40
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60