Scribd
Upload
33 views

DBMS Lab Report

This document provides an introduction to SQL, including: - SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is a non-procedural query language for relational databases. It was developed by IBM in the 1970s and later standardized. - SQL supports data definition, data manipulation, and data control functions through DDL, DML, and DCL sublanguages. It also supports various data types, functions, operators, and report writing capabilities. - The document then outlines the contents to be covered, including entity-relationship modeling, relational algebra, basic CRUD operations, queries with functions and joins, subqueries, and views.

Uploaded by

Robinson Bhandari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

DBMS Lab Report

This document provides an introduction to SQL, including: - SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is a non-procedural query language for relational databases. It was developed by IBM in the 1970s and later standardized. - SQL supports data definition, data manipulation, and data control functions through DDL, DML, and DCL sublanguages. It also supports various data types, functions, operators, and report writing capabilities. - The document then outlines the contents to be covered, including entity-relationship modeling, relational algebra, basic CRUD operations, queries with functions and joins, subqueries, and views.

Uploaded by

Robinson Bhandari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Lab Report

Introduction to SQL
Pronounced as SEQUEL: Structured English QUERY Language
 Pure non-procedural query language
 Designed and developed by IBM, Implemented by Oracle
 1978 System/R IBM- 1st Relational DBMS
 1979 Oracle and Ingres
 1982 SQL/DS and DB2 IBM
 Accepted by both ANSI + ISO as Standard Query Language for any RDBMS
 SQL86 (SQL1) : first by ANSI and ratified by ISO (SQL-87), minor revision on 89
(SQL-89)
 SQL92 (SQL2) : major revision
 SQL99 (SQL3) : add recursive query, trigger, some OO features, and non-scholar type
 SQL2003 : XML, Window functions, and sequences (Not free)
 Supports all the three sublanguages of DBMS: DDL, DML, DCL
 Supports Aggregate functions, String Manipulation functions, Set theory operations, Date
Manipulation functions, rich set of operators ( IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, IS NULL,
EXISTS)
 Supports REPORT writing features and Forms for designing GUI based applications
Data Definition in SQL
CREATE, ALTER and DROP
table…………………………………….……relation
row……………………………………..…….tuple
column………………………………….……attribute
DATA TYPES
Numeric: NUMBER, NUMBER(s,p), INTEGER, INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL
Character: CHAR(n), VARCHAR(n), VARCHAR2(n), CHAR VARYING(n)
Bit String: BLOB, CLOB
 Boolean: true, false, and null

List of Contents
1. Draw E-R diagram and convert entities and relationships to relation table for a given scenario.

a. Two assignments shall be carried out i.e. consider two different scenarios (eg. bank,

college)

2. Write relational algebra queries for a given set of relations.

3. Perform the following:

a. Viewing all databases, Creating a Database, Viewing all Tables in a Database,

Creating Tables (With and Without Constraints), Inserting/Updating/Deleting

Records in a Table, Saving (Commit) and Undoing (rollback)

4. Perform the following:

a. Altering a Table, Dropping/Truncating/Renaming Tables, Backing up / Restoring a

Database.

5. For a given set of relation schemes, create tables and perform the following

Simple Queries, Simple Queries with Aggregate functions, Queries with Aggregate

functions (group by and having clause), Queries involving- Date Functions, String

Functions , Math Functions

Join Queries- Inner Join, Outer Join

Subqueries- With IN clause, With EXISTS clause

6. For a given set of relation tables perform the following

a. Creating Views (with and without check option), Dropping views, Selecting from a

view

You might also like