KS2

9–10
Years

Master Maths at Home

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How to use this book
Maths — No Problem! created Master Maths at Home to help children develop fluency in the subject
and a rich understanding of core concepts.

Key features of the Master Maths at Home books include:

• Carefully designed lessons that provide • Exercises that allow a flexible approach and
structure, but also allow flexibility in how can be adapted to suit any child’s cognitive
they’re used. or functional ability.

• Speech bubbles containing content designed • Clearly laid-out pages that encourage children
to spark diverse conversations, with many to practise a range of higher-order skills.
discussion points that don’t have obvious
• A community of friendly and relatable
‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answers.
characters who introduce each lesson and
• Rich illustrations that will guide children come along as your child progresses through
to a discussion of shapes and units of the series.
measurement, allowing them to make
connections to the wider world around them.

You can see more guidance on how to use these books at mastermathsathome.com.

We’re excited to share all the ways you can learn maths!

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Contents
Page
Numbers to 1 000 000 4
Adding and subtracting 6
Factors and multiples 8
Prime numbers 10
Multiplying 3-digit numbers 12
Dividing 4-digit numbers 14
Adding and subtracting fractions 16
Multiplying fractions 18
Multiplying mixed numbers 20
Ordering and comparing decimals 22
Adding and subtracting decimals 24
Percentages 28
Line graphs 30
Capacity 34
Perimeter 36
Area 38
Angles 40
Position 44
Answers 46

Ruby Elliott Amira Charles Lulu Sam Oak Holly Ravi Emma Jacob Hannah
Numbers to 1 000 000 Lesson
1

Starter
Jacob is making numbers using digit cards.
This is the last number he makes.

2 1 6 9 3 4

He then decides to swap the places of some digit cards and makes 3 swaps.
What is the greatest number he can make?
What is the smallest number he can make?

Example

2 1 6 9 3 4
To make the
The greatest
greatest number
digit is 9.
we need to have
9 1 6 2 3 4
as many hundred
thousands, ten
thousands and 9 1 6 2 3 4
thousands as The second
possible. greatest digit
9 6 1 2 3 4 is 6.

9 6 1 2 3 4
The last digit
we can change
9 6 4 2 3 1
should be 4.

964 231 is the greatest number Jacob can make by making 3 swaps.

4
 2 1 6 9 3 4
To make the smallest
number we place the 1 in the
Change 1 1 2 6 9 3 4 hundred thousands place.

Change 2 1 2 3 9 6 4

Change 3 1 2 3 4 6 9

123 469 is the smallest number Jacob can make by making 3 swaps.

Practice
1 Swap the places of 2 digits in each number with 2 others to make
a number as close as possible to 500 000.

(a) 328 045

(b) 429 375

(c) 743 021

(d) 521 997

2 Use the following digits to make the number closest to:

7 2 3 5 2 3

(a) 200 000

(b) 350 000

(c) 490 000

5
Adding and subtracting Lesson
2

Starter
Emma and her family are on holiday in Indonesia. Emma has Rp1 000 000
(Indonesian Rupiah) to spend (approximately £50).

Rp375 659
Rp240 999

How much will she have left after buying the 2 items?

Example
Start by
finding the cost of
the 2 items.

? 1 1 1 1
3 7 5 6 5 9

+ 2 4 0 9 9 9

375 659 240 999 6 1 6 6 5 8

375 659 + 240 999 = 616 658

The total cost of the 2 items is Rp616 658.

6
 Subtract the total cost of the 2 items
from the amount Emma started with.

9 9 9 9 9
1 000 000 10 10 10 10 10 10
1 0 0 0 0 0 0

− 6 1 6 6 5 8

616 658 ? 3 8 3 3 4 2

1 000 000 – 616 658 = 383 342

Emma will have Rp383 342 left after buying the 2 items.

Practice
Emma’s dad buys the following items.
How much money will he have left if he starts with Rp1 000 000?

Rp482 199 Rp337 805

Emma’s dad will have Rp left.

7
Factors and multiples Lesson
3

Starter
A group of pupils take part in 3 outdoor activities: kayaking, climbing and
archery. They are put into groups of 4 for kayaking, groups of 8 for climbing and
groups of 14 for archery. Each activity has more than 1 group.

What is the minimum number of pupils taking part in the outdoor activities?

Example

What is the 8÷4=2 8÷8=1

smallest number divisible 8 is the lowest common multiple
by 4 and 8? of 4 and 8.

We know that
each activity has more than 1 Find the
group so climbing must have multiples of
more than 8 pupils. 4 and 8.

Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56
Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56

There may be 16 pupils. Four groups of 4 pupils kayaking.

Two groups of 8 pupils climbing.
8
 Is 16 a multiple Find the
of 14? multiples of 14.

Multiples of 14: 14, 28, 42, 56, 70

56 is the smallest number that is a multiple of 4, 8 and 16.

We can say that 56 is the lowest

common multiple of 4, 8 and 16.

The minimum number of pupils taking part in the 3 outdoor activities is 56.

We can also say that 4, 8 and

14 are common factors of 56.

Factors of 56: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56

Practice
1 A baker makes some doughnuts. He can pack
them all exactly into boxes of 6. He can also
pack them all exactly into boxes of 8 or 18
without having any doughnuts left over.

(a) What is the minimum number of doughnuts the baker has made?

(b) Using the minimum number of doughnuts the baker has made, what
other size boxes could the baker pack the doughnuts into without
having any left over?

9
Prime numbers Lesson
4

Starter
Oak looked at her maths homework
and noticed something.

10 = 1 × 10 11 = 1 × 11 12 = 1 × 12 13 = 1 × 13
12 = 3 × 4
12 = 2 × 6 10 = 2 × 5
13 = 1 × 13 12 = 1 × 12 11 = 1 × 11 10 = 1 × 10

10 = 2 × 5 12 = 2 × 6
12 = 3 × 4

What do you think she noticed?

Example
Is it true that all
even numbers have more
All of the even than 2 factors?
numbers in Oak’s list have
more than 2 factors.

2=1×2
2 is the only even
number that is also a All multiples of 2,
prime number. greater than 2, have more
than 2 factors. Look at
these examples.

20 = 1 × 20 56 = 1 × 56 102 = 1 × 102
20 = 2 × 10 56 = 2 × 28 102 = 2 × 51
20 = 4 × 5 56 = 4 × 14 102 = 3 × 34
56 = 7 × 8 102 = 6 × 17

10
 Numbers with more than 2 factors
are called composite numbers.

21 = 1 × 21 35 = 1 × 35 99 = 1 × 99
21 = 3 × 7 35 = 5 × 7 99 = 3 × 33
99 = 9 × 11
21, 35 and 99 are composite numbers.

A prime number
has only 2 factors,
1 and itself.

1 is not a prime or a composite

number as it only has 1 factor.

Practice
1 Fill the table using the following numbers.
32 14 63 29 43 15 148 117 101 105 144

Composite numbers Prime numbers

2 List all the odd composite numbers between 70 and 100.

11
Multiplying 3-digit numbers Lesson
5

Starter
The Fresh Supermarket receives a delivery of
I think each
346 boxes, each containing 24 teabags.
supermarket receives
The Sunshine Supermarket receives a delivery
the same number
of 692 boxes, each containing 12 teabags.
of teabags.
Is Hannah correct?

Example
12 692 × 10 = 6920
Start by multiplying 692 × 2 = 1384
692 by 12. 692 × 12 = 8304
10 2

1
6 9 2
× 1 2
700 + 700 = 1400 1 3 8 4 692 × 2 = 1384
1400 – 16 = 1384 6 9 2 0 692 × 10 = 6920
8 3 0 4 692 × 12 = 8304

1
1 2
3 4 6

Multiply 346 by 24. × 2 4

1 3 8 4 346 × 4 = 1384
6 9 2 0 346 × 20 = 6920
8 3 0 4 346 × 24 = 8304

12
 692 is double 346.
692 × 12 and 346 × 24
12 is half of 24.
have the same product.
Hannah is correct.
Both supermarkets receive the same number of teabags.

Practice
1 What do you notice about the products of 235 × 28 and 470 × 14?
2 3 5 4 7 0
× 2 8 × 1 4

+ +

2 Match the expressions with the same value.

139 × 24 132 × 36

456 × 30 278 × 12

264 × 18 742 × 14

371 × 28 912 × 15

214 × 14 76 × 16

152 × 8 428 × 7
13
Dividing 4-digit numbers Lesson
6

Starter
A truck makes 4 return journeys between
Brighton and Edinburgh in a week.
The total distance the truck travels over
the 4 return journeys is 6048 km.
What is the distance between Brighton
and Edinburgh?

Example

Four return journeys Divide 6048

is the same distance as 8 by 8 using long or
one-way journeys. short division.

7 5 6 7 5 6
4 4
8 6 0 4 8 8 6 0 4 8
− 5 6
4 4 8
− 4 0
4 8
− 4 8
0

6048 ÷ 8 = 756

The distance between Brighton and Edinburgh is 756 km.

14
Practice
1 A bus makes 3 return journeys between Plymouth and Newcastle.
The total distance the bus travels over the 3 return journeys is 4122 km.
What is the distance between Plymouth and Newcastle?

The distance between Plymouth and Newcastle is km.

2 The distance between London and Mumbai (India) is 8 times the distance
between Paris (France) and Genoa (Italy). The distance between London
and Mumbai is 7184 km.
What is the distance between Paris and Genoa?

The distance between Paris and Genoa is km.

15
Adding and subtracting Lesson
7
fractions
Starter
Holly makes some chocolate milk by
1
mixing ___ l of chocolate syrup with
20
7
___ l of milk. She trips as she walks
10
1
to the table, spilling __ l of her
4
chocolate milk.
What is the volume of the chocolate milk
Holly has left in her jug?

Example

Make the denominators

We can’t make twentieths
the same so the fractions
into tenths here.
can be added.

×2
7 14
=
10 20
We need
×2
to make tenths into
1 ___
___ 7 ___
1 ___14 twentieths.
+ = +
20 10 20 20
15
= ___
20
15
The volume of Holly’s chocolate milk before she spilt it was ___ l.
20

16
 We need to subtract
1 15
l from l.
4 20 The denominators
×5 need to be the same
1 5 to subtract.
=
4 20
15 __
___ 1 15 5 10
– = ___ – ___ = ___ ×5
20 4 20 20 20

10 1
Holly has ___ l or __ l of chocolate milk left in her jug.
20 2

Practice
1 1
1 Ravi mixes __ l of yellow paint with __ l of blue paint to make light green paint.
2 8
1
He uses __ l on his painting. What is the volume of paint that Ravi has left?
4

Ravi has l of paint left.

3 1
2 Ruby makes a tropical punch using __ l of orange juice and ___ l of lime
4 12
1_
_
juice. She gives l of the tropical punch to her sister and keeps the rest for
3
herself. What volume of tropical punch does Ruby keep for herself?

Ruby keeps l of the tropical punch for herself.

17
Multiplying fractions Lesson
8

Starter
Hannah cuts 3 different types of sushi rolls
into 6 equal pieces.
She takes 1 piece from each of the different
sushi rolls.
How much of the sushi rolls are left altogether?

Example
5
6
5
Each roll has 6
5 sixths. 5
6

The denominator, sixths, names

5 15 the size of the fraction. The numerator
3 × __ = ___ tells us how many we have.
6 6

15
___ 3 We have 3 groups of 5.
= 2 __
6 6

5
1
6
5
1
6
5 3
6 6
3
There are 2 __ sushi rolls left altogether.
6
18
Practice
1 Oak has 3 chocolate bars. Each bar is the same size and has 8 equal pieces.
If Oak takes 1 piece from each bar, what is the total number of chocolate
bars she has left?
7
8
7
8
7
8

7
3 × __ =
8

Oak has chocolate bars left.

7 7 7
2 Charles uses ___ l of water, ___ l of vegetable stock, ___ l of chicken stock
10 10 10
7
___
and l of coconut milk to make soup.
10
What is the total volume of soup that he makes?

The total volume of soup Charles makes is l.

19
Multiplying mixed numbers Lesson
9

Starter
The mass of a rabbit is 2 kg.
3
The mass of a small dog is 3 __ times
4
greater than the mass of the rabbit.
What is the mass of the dog? 2 kg ?

Example

We can multiply
the whole numbers and
the fraction.

2×3=6
3 6
2× =
4 4

3 6
2×3=6 2× =
4 4

3 6 6 2
2 × 3 __ = 6 __ =1
4 4 4 4
2
2 I know is
= 7 __ 4
4 1
equal to .
2
1
The mass of the dog is 7 __ kg.
2
20
Practice
1 A restaurant offers cheesecake or chocolate cake for dessert.
4
The restaurant has 2 chocolate cakes. It has 2 __ times more cheesecake
5
than chocolate cake. How many cheesecakes does the restaurant have?

The restaurant has cheesecakes.

5
2 Sam uses 3 l of water to water his front garden. He uses 5 __ times more
8
water to water the back garden.

(a) What volume of water does Sam use to water the back garden?

Sam uses l of water to water the back garden.

(b) How much water does he use in total?

Sam uses l of water in total.

21
Ordering and comparing Lesson
10
decimals
Starter
The following volumes of paint will be mixed to create a unique colour.

1.3 l 1.24 l 1.301 l

How can we compare the volume of each paint colour?

Example

We can show each 1.3 = 0.1 0.1 0.1

number using place-value
counters. 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
1.24 =

1.301 = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.001

1.2 is less than 1.3. 1.24 l < 1.3 l

We do not need to look 1.24 l < 1.301 l
beyond the tenths to find 1.24 l is the smallest volume of paint.
the smallest value.

1.3 and 1.301 1

1.301 is greater
have the same number of 1000
ones and tenths. than 1.3.

1.3 l < 1.301 l

22
 We can put the
1.24 l 1.3 l 1.301 l
volumes of paint in order from
smallest to greatest. smallest greatest

Practice
1 Use >, < or = to fill in the blanks.

(a) 3.44 3.05 (b) 4.99 5.01

(c) 2.564 2.645 (d) 34.014 34.01

(e) 5.679 5.08 (f ) 6.1 6.099

2 Put the following numbers in order from smallest to greatest.

smallest greatest
(a) 3.4, 3.5, 3.42 , ,

(b) 9.08, 9.131, 9.12 , ,

(c) 13.021, 13.101, 13.001 , ,

3 Put the masses in order from greatest to smallest.

4.039 kg 4.307 kg 4.35 kg

, ,
greatest smallest
23
Adding and subtracting Lesson
11
decimals
Starter
On Monday Ravi had 1.25 l of orange juice
and 1.155 l of apple juice in his fridge. By
Wednesday Ravi had drunk 1.5 l of juice.
What is the total volume of juice Ravi has Juice Juice

remaining in his fridge?

Example

Find the total

volume of juice Ravi had Start by adding
on Monday. the thousandths.

1.25 = 1.250

1 . 2 5 0
+ 1 . 1 5 5
. 5

24
Add the hundredths.
5 hundredths + 5 hundredths = 10 hundredths

Rename 10 hundredths
as 1 tenth.

10 hundredths = 1 tenth

1
1 . 2 5 0
+ 1 . 1 5 5
. 0 5

Add the tenths.

1
1 . 2 5 0
+ 1 . 1 5 5
. 4 0 5

Add the ones.

1
1 . 2 5 0
+ 1 . 1 5 5
2 . 4 0 5

Ravi had 2.405 l of juice on Monday.

25
 Subtract 1.5 l from
We are not
2.405 l to find the volume
subtracting any hundredths
of juice remaining.
or thousandths.

2 . 4 0 5
− 1 . 5
0 5
There are not
enough tenths. Rename 1 one as 10 tenths.

2 . 4 0 5
− 1 . 5
. 0 5

1 14
2 . 4 0 5
− 1 . 5
. 9 0 5

Subtract the ones.

1 14
2 . 4 0 5
− 1 . 5
0 . 9 0 5

We use 0 to show there

Ravi has 0.905 l of juice remaining
are no whole numbers.
in his fridge.
26
Practice
1 Hannah mixed 2.34 kg of soil and 2.155 kg of pebbles to use for her plants.
She used 1.7 kg of the mixture for her pot plants.
(a) Find the total mass of the mixture.

2.34 kg + 2.155 kg = kg

The total mass of the mixture is kg.

(b) Find the mass of mixture remaining once Hannah has used 1.7 kg.

kg – 1.7 kg = kg

The mass of the remaining mixture is kg.

2 Ruby and her sister are making bracelets. Ruby cuts 4.6 m of thread from
a 9 m piece and gives it to her sister. She then buys a 5.55 m piece of
thread. What is the total length of thread Ruby has now?

Ruby has m of thread.

27
Percentages Lesson
12

Starter
The table shows the number of
Team Number of goals
goals scored by each football
team in a single season. Greystone Greats 30
How can we find the percentage Hills United 75
of goals each football team
Plymouth Pirates 18
scored out of the total of 300
goals scored in the season? Waterside United 60
Tunbridge Tigers 57
Brighton Bosses 39
East Coast Flyers 21
All teams 300
Example

Percentage
means how many
The table shows
out of 100.
the number of goals
out of 300.

The Greystone Greats scored 30 out of the total of 300 goals.

÷3
We need to
find how many this 30 10
= 10
is out of 100. 300 100 = 10%
100
÷3
The Greystone Greats scored 10% of the total goals scored in the season.
28
 ÷3
What percentage of
the total goals did 75 25
= 25
Hills United score? 300 100 = 25%
100
÷3

Practice
1 The table shows the number of goals scored by each football team out
of the total of 300 goals scored by all teams in the season.
Complete the table.

Percentage of the
Team Number of goals
total of 300 goals
Greystone Greats 30 10%
Hills United 75 25%
Plymouth Pirates 18
Waterside United 60
Tunbridge Tigers 57
Brighton Bosses 39
East Coast Flyers 21

2 Four friends played a card game. The table shows the number of bonus
points scored by each friend out of the maximum possible bonus points
available for each player.
Complete the table.

Maximum number Bonus points Percentage of maximum

Name
of bonus points scored bonus points scored
Charles 40 10
Holly 25 15
Ravi 30 18
Lulu 70 49

29
Line graphs Lesson
13

Starter Distance Travelled

24
The graph shows the
distance a bus 20
travelled over a
period of time. 16
distance
How can we describe (km) 12
the journey the bus
made? 8

0
09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20
Example

For how many minutes was the bus travelling

at a rate of 4 km every 10 minutes?

24
We can see
that the bus 20
travelled at a
rate of 4 km every 16
distance
10 minutes for (km) 12
30 minutes.
8

0
09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20
30
 24
How many times
did the bus stop? 20

16
distance
(km) 12

The bus stopped 8

3 times.
4

0
09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20

The bus
stopped for a total
of 30 minutes.

At one point in the journey,

the bus slowed down because of
traffic. When was that?

Between
09:40 and 10:00
the bus travelled at 24
a rate of 2 km every
20
10 minutes.
16
distance
(km) 12

8
This is
slower than the 4

other times the bus 0

was moving. 09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20

31
 We can 24
also find the
20
start and finish
times of the journey 16
as well as the distance
total distance (km) 12

travelled.
8

0
The bus journey 09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20
started at 09:00 and
finished at 10:20.
The bus travelled 16 km.

Practice
Number of Pages Read
1 The line graph
shows the 40
progress Holly
number of pages

30
made while
reading her 20
book last
Sunday. 10

0
10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30

(a) At what time did Holly start reading her book?

(b) Holly then read her book for 30 minutes before stopping
to have her breakfast.
At what time did she start reading again after breakfast?
(c) Holly and her family started having lunch at 12:00.
Holly started reading again after lunch.
At what time did they finish their lunch?
32
 (d) If Holly read at the same rate as she did between 13:00 and 13:30,

how long would it take her to read 50 pages? h

(e) For how long was Holly reading between 10:30 and 13:30? h

2 Lulu and her mum painted their garden fence. The line graph shows the
volume of paint they used over 4 hours.
Volume of Paint
6

4
volume
(l) 3

0
12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00

(a) Lulu started helping her mum paint at 12:30.

How much more paint did they use between 12:30 and 13:00

compared with the amount used between 12:00 and 12:30? l

(b) Lulu painted by herself between 13:30 and 14:00. The rate at
which she used the paint when she was painting by herself was

l every 30 minutes.

(c) From 12:00, it took hours to use 4 l of paint.

(d) Lulu and her mum stopped painting for an hour to have a late lunch.

At what time did they start painting again after their lunch?
33
Capacity Lesson
14

Starter
Ravi wants to find the capacity of the
large box.

4 cm

5 cm
10 cm
The length of the large box is twice the length of the small box.
The height of the large box is twice the height of the small box.
What is the capacity of the large box?

Example

Find the volume of We can measure

the smaller box. the capacity of the box
using cubes.

4 cm
Each is
equal to 1 cm3.
5 cm
10 cm
Each layer would
10 × 5 × 4 = 50 × 4 have 50 .
= 200
The capacity of the small box is 200 cm³.
34
 If one
Find the capacity measurement doubles,
of the large box. the capacity also
doubles.

8 cm
If two
measurements double,
5 cm the capacity doubles then
20 cm doubles again.

20 × 5 × 8 = 100 × 8
= 800
The capacity of the large box is 800 cm³.

Practice
Find the capacity of each box.

1 3 cm × × = ×

4 cm
5 cm =

Capacity = cm³

2 × × = ×
6 cm

=
4 cm
5 cm Capacity = cm³

35
Perimeter Lesson
15

Starter 10 cm 6 cm
Jacob made this figure using
2 rectangles. Each rectangle is
the same size.
What is the perimeter of the
figure Jacob made?

Example
10 cm 6 cm

I can label the

sides I know. 6 cm
10 cm
10 cm

To find the missing 6 cm

measurement, I need to
use the measurements 10 cm 6 cm
I know.

10 – 6 = 4 6 cm
10 cm
3 × 10 = 30 10 cm
3 × 6 = 18 4 cm
30 + 18 + 4 = 52
6 cm
Perimeter = 52 cm
36
Practice
1 Find the perimeter of the following figure.
10 cm
The figure is made from 5 identical squares.

Perimeter = cm

2 The following figures were made using regular polygons.

The sides of a regular polygon are all the same length.
Find the perimeter of each figure.

(a) (b)
4 cm

5 cm

Perimeter = cm Perimeter = cm

(c) (d)

2 cm

3 cm

Perimeter = cm

Perimeter = cm

37
Area Lesson
16

Starter 5m
Hannah needs to find the area
of her garden so she can buy
the right amount of grass seed. 10 m
How can Hannah find the area 6m
of her garden? 3m

Example

We can make
2 rectangles. Find the area of
each rectangle.

5m 5m

10 m B 10 m
6m 6m
3m 3m A

Area of A = 3 × 6 Area of B = 5 × 10
= 18 m² = 50 m²
Area of A and B = 18 m² + 50 m²
= 68 m²

The area of Hannah’s garden is 68 m².

38
Practice
Find the area of each garden.

1
2m C
D 4m
5m

2m

Area of C = × Area of D = ×

= m² = m²

m² + m² = m²

Area = m²

2 10 m 10 m
3

6m
9m

2m 4m 4m
6m
2m 2m

Area = m² Area = m²

39
Angles Lesson
17

Starter
Ruby drew a building using 2 identical rectangles.
She found the size of 1 angle but wanted to find the size of s.

37°

How can Ruby find the size of this angle?

Example

A rectangle has
37° 4 right angles.

s
The 4 interior
angles in a rectangle
sum to 360°.

90° + 90° + 90° + 90° = 360°

40
 37° Angles on a straight
line sum to 180°.
s

s + 90° + 37° = 180°

s = 180° – 127° 90 + 37 = 127
s = 53°
53° + 90° + 37° = 180°

s = 53°

Find the size of m and n.

115°
51° Start by finding m.
n
m

51° + 90° = 141° 51°, 90° and m are

180° – 141° = 39° on a straight line.

m = 39°

41
 115° Angles at a point
51° sum to 360°.
n
39°

51° + 90° + 39° + 115° = 295°

360° – 295° = 65°

n = 65°

Practice
Find the size of each angle.

u
37°
48° t

t= ° u= °

42
2

42° c

c= °

3
Angles in a triangle
p sum to 180°.

41°
r
q

p= ° q= ° r= °

43
Position Lesson
18

Starter
y
Triangle CDE is
10
reflected twice and is C
9
shown in its final 8
position. 7
How has triangle CDE 6
D E
5
been reflected?
4
What are the final 3
coordinates of 2
triangle CDE? 1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Example
y
The first reflection
takes place in the 10
C
line HI. 9
8
7
6
H D E I
5
4
3
2
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

44
 y
The second J
10
reflection C
9
takes place in 8
the line JK. 7
6
H D E I
5
C reflects from
4
(3, 9) to (17, 1). 3
2
D reflects from 1
(3, 6) to (17, 4). K
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
E reflects from
(8, 6) to (12, 4). We can find the coordinates of
triangle CDE after the two reflections.
Practice
The trapezium JKLM y
C
is first reflected in 10
K L
the line CD. 9
It is then reflected 8
7
in the line EF. 6
J M
Draw the final E F
5
position of trapezium 4
JKLM to find the 3
2
final coordinates.
1
D x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

J reflects from ( , ) to ( , ).

K reflects from ( , ) to ( , ).

L reflects from ( , ) to ( , ).

M reflects from ( , ) to ( , ).
45
Answers

Page 5 1 (a) 508 243 (b) 497 325 (c) 473 201 (d) 512 799
2 (a) 223 357 (b) 352 237 (c) 522 337
820 004

Page 7 Emma’s dad will have Rp179 996 left.

482 199 337 805
1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 10
4 5 2 1 9 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 3 3 7 8 0 5 + 8 2 0 0 0 4

8 2 0 0 0 4 1 7 9 9 9 6

Page 9 1 (a) 72 (b) The baker could pack the doughnuts into boxes of 12, 4 or 3 without having
any left over.
Page 11 1 Composite numbers Prime numbers
32, 14, 63, 15, 148, 117, 105, 144 29, 43, 101
2 75, 77, 81, 85, 87, 91, 93, 95, 99
1
Page 13 1 2 4 2 The products are the same.
2 3 5 4 7 0
× 2 8 × 1 4

1 8 8 0 1 8 8 0

+ 4 7 0 0 + 4 7 0 0

6 5 8 0 6 5 8 0

2 139 × 24 132 × 36

456 × 30 278 × 12

264 × 18 742 × 14

371 × 28 912 × 15

214 × 14 76 × 16

152 × 8 428 × 7

46
 4122 km
6 8 7
Page 15 1
6 4 1 2 2
1 return journey
The distance between Plymouth and Newcastle is 687 km.
7184 km
8 9 8
2 7 6
8 7 1 8 6

?
The distance between Paris and Genoa is 898 km.
1 1 4 1 5 5 1 5 2 3 3
Page 17 1 __ + __ = __ + __ = __ ; __ – __ = __ – __ = __ . Ravi has __ l of paint left.
2 8 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 8
3 1 9 1 10 10 1 10 4 6 1 1
2 __ + ___ = ___ + ___ = ___ ; ___ – __ = ___ – ___ = ___ = __ . Ruby keeps __ l of the tropical
4 12 12 12 12 12 3 12 12 12 2 2
punch for herself.
Page 19 1 7
8
7
8
7
8
7 5 5 7 8
3 × __ = 2 __. Oak has 2 __ chocolate bars left. 2 4 × ___ = 2 ___. The total volume of soup
8 8 8 10 10
8
Charles makes is 2 ___ l.
10
4 8 3 3 3 3
Page 21 1 2 × 2 = 4; 2 × __ = __ = 1 __ ; 4 + 1 __ = 5 __ . The restaurant has 5 __ cheesecakes.
5 5 5 5 5 5
5 15 7 7
2 (a) 3 × 5 __ = 15 ___ = 16 __ . Sam uses 16 __ l of water to water the back garden.
8 8 8 8
7 7 7
(b) 3 + 16 __ = 19 __ . Sam uses 19 __ l of water in total.
8 8 8
Page 23 1 (a) 3.44 > 3.05 (b) 4.99 < 5.01 (c) 2.564 < 2.645 (d) 34.014 > 34.01 (e) 5.679 > 5.08
(f ) 6.1 > 6.099 2 (a) 3.4, 3.42, 3.5 (b) 9.08, 9.12, 9.131 (c) 13.001, 13.021, 13.101
3 4.35 kg, 4.307 kg, 4.039 kg
Page 27 1 (a) 2.34 kg + 2.155 kg = 4.495 kg. The total mass of the mixture is 4.495 kg.
(b) 4.495 kg – 1.7 kg = 2.795 kg. The mass of the remaining mixture is 2.795 kg.
2 Ruby has 9.95 m of thread.

47
Answers continued

Page 29 1 Percentage of the

Team Number of goals
total of 300 goals
Greystone Greats 30 10%
Hills United 75 25%
Plymouth Pirates 18 6%
Waterside United 60 20%
Tunbridge Tigers 57 19%
Brighton Bosses 39 13%
East Coast Flyers 21 7%
10 1 25 15 60 18 3 60
2 Charles: ___ = __ = ____ = 25%; Holly: ___ = ____ = 60%; Ravi: ___ = __ = ____ = 60%;
40 4 100 25 100 30 5 100
49 7 70
Lulu: ___ = ___ = ____ = 70%
70 10 100
Maximum number Bonus points Percentage of maximum
Name
of bonus points scored bonus points scored
Charles 40 10 25%
Holly 25 15 60%
Ravi 30 18 60%
Lulu 70 49 70%
Page 32 1 (a) 10:00 (b) 11:00 (c) 13:00
Page 33 (d) 5 h (e) 1.5 h 2 (a) 0.5 l. (b) The rate at which she used the paint when she was painting
by herself was 0.5 l every 30 minutes. (c) From 12:00, it took 2.5 hours to use 4 l of paint.
(d) 15:30
Page 35 1 5 × 4 × 3 = 20 × 3 = 60; Capacity = 60 cm3 2 5 × 4 × 6 = 20 × 6 = 120; Capacity = 120 cm3
Page 37 1 Perimeter = 120 cm 2 (a) Perimeter = 48 cm (b) Perimeter = 70 cm
(c) Perimeter = 30 cm (d) Perimeter = 64 cm
Page 39 1 Area of C = 2 × 5 = 10 m2; Area of D = 2 × 4 = 8 m2; 10 m2 + 8 m2 = 18 m2; Area = 18 m2
2 Area = 72 m2 3 Area = 66 m2
Page 42 1 t = 42°, u = 143°
Page 43 2 c = 138° 3 p = 49°, q = 49°, r = 131°
y
Page 45 C
J reflects from (2, 7) to (20, 3). K reflects
10
9
from (4, 9) to (18, 1). L reflects from (7, 9)
8 to (15, 1). M reflects from (8, 7) to (14, 3).
7
6
E F
5
4
M J
3
2
1
D L K
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

48