TCP

SERVER

#include<stdio.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#define MAX 80
#define PORT 43454
#define SA struct sockaddr
void func(int sockfd)
{
char buff[MAX];
int n;
for(;;)
{
bzero(buff,MAX);
read(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff));
printf("From client: %s\t To client : ",buff);
bzero(buff,MAX);
n=0;
while((buff[n++]=getchar())!='\n');
write(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff));
if(strncmp("exit",buff,4)==0)
{
printf("Server Exit...\n");
break;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int sockfd,connfd,len;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cli;
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sockfd==-1)
{
printf("socket creation failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Socket successfully created..\n");
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
if((bind(sockfd,(SA*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)))!=0)
 {
printf("socket bind failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Socket successfully binded..\n");
if((listen(sockfd,5))!=0)
{
printf("Listen failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Server listening..\n");
len=sizeof(cli);
connfd=accept(sockfd,(SA *)&cli,&len);
if(connfd<0)
{
printf("server acccept failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("server acccept the client...\n");
func(connfd);
close(sockfd);
}
CLIENT
#include<stdio.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX 80
#define PORT 43454
#define SA struct sockaddr
void func(int sockfd)
{
char buff[MAX];
int n;
for(;;)
{
bzero(buff,sizeof(buff));
printf("Enter the string : ");
n=0;
while((buff[n++]=getchar())!='\n');
write(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff));
bzero(buff,sizeof(buff));
read(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff));
printf("From Server : %s",buff);
 if((strncmp(buff,"exit",4))==0)
{
printf("Client Exit...\n");
break;
}
}
}

int main()
{
int sockfd,connfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cli;
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sockfd==-1)
{
printf("socket creation failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Socket successfully created..\n");
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
if(connect(sockfd,(SA *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr))!=0)
{
printf("connection with the server failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("connected to the server..\n");
func(sockfd);
close(sockfd);
}

UDP
CLIENT
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 80
#define PORT 68586
#define SA struct sockaddr
int main()
{
char buff[MAX];
int sockfd,len,n;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(sockfd==-1)
{
printf("socket creation failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Socket successfully created..\n");
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(len));
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
len=sizeof(servaddr);
for(;;)
{
printf("\nEnter string : ");
n=0;
while((buff[n++]=getchar())!='\n');
sendto(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0,(SA *)&servaddr,len);
bzero(buff,sizeof(buff));
recvfrom(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0,(SA *)&servaddr,&len);
printf("From Server : %s\n",buff);
if(strncmp("exit",buff,4)==0)
{
printf("Client Exit...\n");
break;
}
}
close(sockfd);
}
SERVER
#include<stdio.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX 80
#define PORT 23866
#define SA struct sockaddr
void func(int sockfd)
{
char buff[MAX];
int n,clen;
struct sockaddr_in cli;
clen=sizeof(cli);
for(;;)
{
int i;
bzero(buff,MAX);
recvfrom(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0,(SA *)&cli,&clen);
for(i=0; i<sizeof(buff); i++){
buff[i] = toupper(buff[i]);
}
printf("From client %s To client",buff);
bzero(buff,MAX);
n=0;
while((buff[n++]=getchar())!='\n');
sendto(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0,(SA *)&cli,clen);
if(strncmp("exit",buff,4)==0)
{
printf("Server Exit...\n");
break;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(sockfd==-1)
{
printf("socket creation failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Socket successfully created..\n");
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
if((bind(sockfd,(SA *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)))!=0)
{
printf("socket bind failed...\n");
exit(0);
}
else
printf("Socket successfully binded..\n");
func(sockfd);
close(sockfd);
}
DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING
#include<stdio.h>
struct node
{
unsigned dist[20];
unsigned from[20];
 }rt[10];
int main()
{
int dmat[20][20];
int n,i,j,k,count=0;
printf("\nEnter the number of nodes : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the cost matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&dmat[i][j]);
dmat[i][i]=0;
rt[i].dist[j]=dmat[i][j];
rt[i].from[j]=j;
}
do
{
count=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
if(rt[i].dist[j]>dmat[i][k]+rt[k].dist[j])
{
rt[i].dist[j]=rt[i].dist[k]+rt[k].dist[j];
rt[i].from[j]=k;
count++;
}
}while(count!=0);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n\nState value for router %d is \n",i+1);
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("\nnode %d via %d Distance%d",j+1,rt[i].from[j]
+1,rt[i].dist[j]);
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}
CRC
#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#define MAX_LEN 100

char data[MAX_LEN];

char gen_poly[MAX_LEN];

char check_value[MAX_LEN];
int data_length, gen_poly_length, i, j;

void XOR()

for (int i = 1; i < gen_poly_length; i++)

if (check_value[i] == gen_poly[i])

check_value[i] = '0';

else

check_value[i] = '1';

void receiver()

printf("Enter the received data: ");

scanf("%s", data);

crc();

for (i = 0; (i < gen_poly_length - 1) && (check_value[i] != '1'); i++)

if (i < gen_poly_length - 1)

printf("\nError detected\n\n");

else

printf("\nNo error detected\n\n");

void crc()
{

for (i = 0; i < gen_poly_length; i++)

check_value[i] = data[i];

do

if (check_value[0] == '1')

XOR();

for (j = 0; j < gen_poly_length - 1; j++)

check_value[j] = check_value[j + 1];

check_value[j] = data[i++];

} while (i <= data_length + gen_poly_length - 1);

int main()

printf("Enter data to be transmitted: ");

scanf("%s", data);

printf("Enter the generator polynomial: ");

scanf("%s", gen_poly);

data_length = strlen(data);

gen_poly_length = strlen(gen_poly);

for (int i = data_length; i < data_length + gen_poly_length - 1; i++)

data[i] = '0';

crc();

for (int i = data_length; i < data_length + gen_poly_length - 1; i++)

data[i] = check_value[i - data_length];

printf("Final data to be sent: %s\n", data);

printf("CRC is: %s\n", check_value);

 receiver();

return 0;

HAMMING

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int input[32];

int code[32];

int ham_calc(int position, int c_l)

int count = 0, i, j;

i = position - 1;

while (i < c_l)

for (j = i; j < i + position; j++)

if (code[j] == 1)

count++;

i = i + 2 * position;

if (count % 2 == 0)

return 0;

else

return 1;

int main()

int n, i, p_n = 0, c_l, j, k;

printf("\nEnter length of the Data Word: ");

scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the Data Word:\n");

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

scanf("%d", &input[i]);

i = 0;

while (n > (int)pow(2, i) - (i + 1))

p_n++;

i++;

c_l = p_n + n;

j = k = 0;

for (i = 0; i < c_l; i++)

if (i == ((int)pow(2, k) - 1))

code[i] = 0;

k++;

else

code[i] = input[j];

j++;

for (i = 0; i < p_n; i++)

int position = (int)pow(2, i);

int value = ham_calc(position, c_l);

code[position - 1] = value;
 }

printf("The Code Word is: ");

for (i = 0; i < c_l; i++)

printf("%d", code[i]);

printf("\n");

printf("Enter received Code Word:\n");

for (i = 0; i < c_l; i++)

scanf("%d", &code[i]);

int error_pos = 0;

for (i = 0; i < p_n; i++)

int position = (int)pow(2, i);

int value = ham_calc(position, c_l);

if (value != 0)

error_pos += position;

if (error_pos+1 == 1)

printf("The received Code Word is correct.\n");

else

printf("Error at bit position: %d\n", error_pos);

return 0;

CHECKSUM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
int sender(int b[10], int k)
{
int checksum, sum = 0, i;
for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
 sum += b[i];
printf("Sender's Sum: %d", sum);
checksum = ~sum;
printf("\nSender's Checksum: %d", checksum);
return checksum;
}
int receiver(int c[10], int k, int scheck)
{
int checksum, sum = 0, i;
for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
sum += c[i];
printf("\nReceiver's Sum: %d", sum);
sum = sum + scheck;
checksum = ~sum;
printf("\nReceiver's Checksum: %d", checksum);
return checksum;
}
int main()
{
int a[10], i, m, scheck, rcheck;
printf("\nEnter Size of the string: ");
scanf("%d", &m);
printf("\nEnter elements of Array: ");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
scheck = sender(a, m);
 rcheck = receiver(a, m, scheck);
if (rcheck == 0)
printf("\nNo Error Detected");
else
printf("\nError Detected");
return 0;
}
GO BACK
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
struct frame
{
char ack;
int data;
} frm[10];
int goback(int n)
{
int r;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
printf("\nEnter data for packets[%d]", i);
scanf("%d", &frm[i].data);
frm[i].ack = 'y';
}
rand();
r = rand() % n;
frm[r].ack = 'n';
 for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (frm[i].ack == 'n')
printf("\nThe packet number %d is not received\n", r);
}
printf("\n resending from packet %d", r);
for (int i = r; i <= n; i++)
{
sleep(2);
frm[i].ack = 'y';
printf("\nReceived data of packet %d is %d", i, frm[i].data);
}
printf("\n all packets sent successfully\n");
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int n;
printf("\nEnter the no. of packets to be sent:");
scanf("%d", &n);
goback(n);
return 0;
}
SELECTIVE
#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdbool.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <time.h>

#define WINDOW_SIZE 4

typedef struct {
 int sequence_number;

bool ack_received;

bool is_sent;

} Packet;

int main() {

int NUM_PACKETS;

printf("Enter the number of packets: ");

scanf("%d", &NUM_PACKETS);

Packet packets[NUM_PACKETS];

int window_start = 0;

int window_end = WINDOW_SIZE - 1;

for (int i = 0; i < NUM_PACKETS; i++) {

packets[i].sequence_number = i;

packets[i].ack_received = false;

packets[i].is_sent = false;

srand(time(NULL));

while (window_end < NUM_PACKETS) {

for (int i = window_start; i <= window_end; i++) {

if (!packets[i].is_sent) {

printf("Sending packet %d\n", packets[i].sequence_number);

packets[i].is_sent = true;

for (int i = window_start; i <= window_end; i++) {

if (!packets[i].ack_received) {

if (rand() % 10 < 3) {

printf("Packet %d lost\n", packets[i].sequence_number);

continue;

printf("Received acknowledgement for packet %d\n", packets[i].sequence_number);

 packets[i].ack_received = true;

if (packets[window_start].ack_received) {

window_start++;

window_end++;

printf("\nAll packets sent and acknowledged successfully.\n");

return 0;

IP FINDER
#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

int isValidIPv4(const char *ip) {

int num, dots = 0;

int i;

char *copy, *token;

if (ip == NULL || strlen(ip) > 15)

return 0;

copy = strdup(ip);

token = strtok(copy, ".");

if (token == NULL)

return 0;

while (token) {

if (strlen(token) > 3)

return 0;

for (i = 0; i < strlen(token); i++) {

if (token[i] < '0' || token[i] > '9')

return 0;
 }

num = atoi(token);

if (num < 0 || num > 255)

return 0;

token = strtok(NULL, ".");

dots++;

free(copy);

return (dots == 4);

int isValidIPv6(const char *ip) {

int i, colons = 0;

int num, digits = 0;

if (ip == NULL || strlen(ip) > 39)

return 0;

for (i = 0; i < strlen(ip); i++) {

if ((ip[i] >= '0' && ip[i] <= '9') || (ip[i] >= 'a' && ip[i] <= 'f') || (ip[i] >= 'A' && ip[i] <= 'F') || ip[i]
== ':') {

if (ip[i] == ':') {

colons++;

digits = 0;

if (colons > 7)

return 0;

if (i > 0 && ip[i - 1] == ':') {

if (colons == 2)

return 0;

} else {

digits++;

if (digits > 4)

return 0;
 }

} else {

return 0;

return (colons == 7 && digits > 0);

void printIPAddress(const char *ip) {

if (isValidIPv4(ip)) {

printf("Valid IPv4 address\n");

} else if (isValidIPv6(ip)) {

printf("Valid IPv6 address\n");

} else {

printf("Invalid IP address\n");

int main() {

char ipAddress[100];

printf("\nEnter IP Address");

scanf("%s", ipAddress);

printIPAddress(ipAddress);

return 0;

BIT ORIENTED

#include <stdio.h>
void sendBit(unsigned int bit) {
printf("Sent bit: %u\n", bit);
}

void receiveBit(unsigned int bit) {

printf("Received bit: %u\n", bit);
}
int main() {
unsigned int data;
printf("\nName - Soham Bandyopadhyay");
printf("\nReg : 21BCE2386");
printf("\nEnter the data to be transmitted: ");
scanf("%u", &data);
int significantBits = sizeof(data) * 8;
while ((data & (1 << (significantBits - 1))) == 0) {
significantBits--;
}
for (int i = 0; i < significantBits; i++) {
unsigned int bit = (data >> i) & 1;
sendBit(bit);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Enter the received bits: ");
for (int i = 0; i < significantBits; i++) {
unsigned int receivedBit;
scanf("%u", &receivedBit);
receiveBit(receivedBit);
}
return 0;
}
CHARACTER
#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void sendCharacter(char character)

printf("Sent character: %c\n", character);

}

char receiveCharacter()

char character;

scanf(" %c", &character);

return character;

int main()

printf("\nName : Soham Bandyopadhyay");

printf("\nReg : 21BCE2386");

char data[100];

printf("\nEnter the data to be transmitted: ");

fgets(data, sizeof(data), stdin);

data[strcspn(data, "\n")] = '\0';

for (int i = 0; i < strlen(data); i++)

sendCharacter(data[i]);

printf("\n");

printf("Enter the received characters:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < strlen(data); i++)

char receivedCharacter = receiveCharacter();

printf("Received character: %c\n", receivedCharacter);

return 0;