ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS

EQUIPMENT SERVICING
Level – II
Based on April 2022, Curriculum Version 1

Module Title: Constructing and Repairing Electric

Mitad and Stove
Module Code: EIS EEES2 M07 0322
Nominal duration: 80 Hours
Prepared by: Ministry of Lobar and Skill

August, 2022

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

 Table of Contents
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... 4
Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Introduction to the Module ............................................................................................................. 6
Unit one: Set up the unit, tools, equipment, and workstation ......................................................... 7
1.1. Preparation of OHS and PPE ......................................................................................... 8
1.2. Arranging workplace maintenance ................................................................................ 9
1.3. Preparing tools and test equipment .............................................................................. 11
1.4. Repair & maintenance equipment ................................................................................ 12
1.5. Preparation of workplace/equipment ........................................................................... 13
1.5.1. Location Workplace for repair ............................................................................ 13
1.5.2. Setting up a Safe Workstation ............................................................................. 14
Self-check-1 .................................................................................................................................. 15
Operation sheet-1 .......................................................................................................................... 18
LAP Test -1 ................................................................................................................................... 19
Unit two: Construct Electric Mitad and Stove .............................................................................. 20
2.1. Producing Service manual ............................................................................................ 21
2.2. Construct Mitad and stove............................................................................................ 23
2.3. Testing and product ...................................................................................................... 31
2.4. Complying completion procedures and documentations ........................................ 32
2.5. Disposing Waste materials ...................................................................................... 33
Operation sheet-2.1 ....................................................................................................................... 37
Unit Three: Diagnose faults of the unit......................................................................................... 39
3.1.1. Application of trouble shooting technique ..................................................... 40
3.1.2. General Trouble shouting Guide lines ............................................................ 40
3.2.1. Troubleshoot defects/faulty parts ........................................................................ 42
3.3. Pre-testing procedure .............................................................................................. 43
3.4.1. Instruments used to test Electric Mitad and Stove Power rating......................... 44
3.4.2. Types of Multimeter ....................................................................................... 45
3.5. Checking and isolating Circuits .............................................................................. 47
3.6. Identifying, verifying and documented electric mitad ............................................ 48
3.7. Explaining defects and faults .................................................................................. 49
3.7.1. Possible Faults in Electrical Mithad ............................................................... 49
3.8. Check Control settings/adjustments........................................................................ 50
3.9. Documentation of diagnosis and testing ................................................................. 50
3.10 . Advice to customers .............................................................................................. 51
Self-check 3.1. .............................................................................................................................. 52
Operation Sheet: 3.1. Replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove .............. 53
LAP Test – 3.1. To replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove. ................. 55
Unit Four: Maintain/repair the unit ............................................................................................... 56
4.1. Personal Protective Equipment or PPE ................................................................... 57
4.1.1. Common Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................ 57
4.1.2. If technicians not use appropriate PPE ........................................................... 57

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 4.2. Replacing defective parts/components. .................................................................. 58
4.2.1. Location and the type of faulty component .................................................... 59
4.3. Observing care and extreme precaution .................................................................. 59
4.3.1. Precautions to Be Observed Before and During Servicing ............................. 59
4.3.2. Precautions for Safe Use to Excessive Energy ............................................................ 60
4.4.1. Soldering ......................................................................................................... 61
4.4.2. Mounting ......................................................................................................... 62
4.4.3. Repairing soldered joints ................................................................................. 62
4.4.4. Surface mount devices (SMDs) ....................................................................... 62
4.4.5. Reflow soldering process ................................................................................ 63
4.5. Performing Cleaning. .............................................................................................. 63
4.5.1. Procedure of Cleaning and Care ...................................................................... 63
Self-check 4.1. .............................................................................................................................. 65
Operation Sheet: 4.1. Replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove .............. 66
LAP Test – 4.1. To replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove. ................. 68
Unit Five: Test repaired unit ..................................................................................................... 69
5.1. Reassembling repaired units ................................................................................... 70
5.1.5. Reassembly Test ............................................................................................. 73
5.2. Testing and cleaning reassembled units. ................................................................. 73
5.2.2. Making measurements/Testing inside mitad and stove .................................. 74
1.3. Compiling documentations. .................................................................................... 75
1.3.1. Introduction Maintenance documentation ...................................................... 75
1.3.2. Repair equipment is documented. .................................................................. 75
5.3. Disposing waste materials....................................................................................... 76
5.3.1. Introduction discarding of waste .................................................................... 76
5.3.2. Disposal of E-waste is electronic waste. ........................................................ 76
Self-Check – 4.1............................................................................................................................ 78
Operation sheet 4.1. Conduct an electric mitad and stove leakage test ........................................ 79
LAP Test 4.1. Perform different leakage test for electric mitad and stove ................................... 80
References ..................................................................................................................................... 81

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 Acknowledgement
Ministry of Labor and Skills wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many
representatives of TVET instructors and respective industry experts who donated their time and
expertise to the development of this Teaching, Training and Learning Materials (TTLM).

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 Acronyms

AC...……………………………. Alternating current

DC……………………………… Direct current
OHS ………………………………Occupational health and safety
LAP ……………………………… learning assistance program
LED………………………………light emitting diode
PCB………………………………printed circuit boar
ESD………………………………electrostatic discharge
DMM………………………………digital muti-meter
VOM………………………………volt ohm meter
GFCI ……………………………. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

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 Introduction to the Module

In Electrical/electronic equipment servicing filed; the: Constructing and Repairing Electric Mitad
and Stove project helps to require to maintain and repair Electric Mitad and Stove includes
constructing, diagnosing faults, dismantling, re-assembling, testing and preparing report.

This module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the Electrical/electronic equipment
servicing occupational standard, particularly for the unit of competency: Constructing and
Repairing Electric Mitad and Stove
Module units
 Prepare unit, tools, equipment and workstation
 Construct Electric Mitad and Stove
 Diagnose faults of the unit
 Maintain/repair the unit
 Test repaired unit
Learning objectives of the Module
At the end of this session, the students will able to:
 Prepare unit, tools, equipment and workstation
 Construct Electric Mitad and Stove
 Diagnose faults of the unit
 Maintain/repair the unit
 Test repaired unit
Module Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below.
3. Read the information written in the information Sheets
4. Accomplish the Self-checks
5. Perform Operation Sheets
6. Do the “LAP test”

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 Unit one: Set up the unit, tools, equipment, and workstation

This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 OHS and PPE
 workplace for maintenance
 tools, test instruments
 Verifying repair/maintenance
 Preparation of workplace/equipment
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon
completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Prepare of OHS and PPE
 Arrange workplace for maintenance
 Prepare tools, test instruments
 Verify repair/maintenance
 Prepare workplace/equipment

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 1.1. Preparation of OHS and PPE

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is defined in the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) as a tool used to protect workers from injury or illness caused by having
contact with the dangers (hazards) in the workplace, whether they are chemical, biological,
radiation, physical, electrical, mechanical and other. Exposures to hazards are reduced using
PPE.
The types of Personal Protective Equipment.
Personal Protective Equipment can be classified according to target organs potentially affected of
the risk of danger. Identification of hazard and risk assessment of a job, process and activity must
be done first before deciding which type of PPE to be used.

Table 1.1 Personal Protective Equipment

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 Figure 1.1 Personal Protective Equipment

1.2. Arranging workplace maintenance

In every electronic work, it is a must to prepare first the necessary tools, materials, equipment
and well organized workplace needed as well as the information. Some of The following list of
tools, materials, and equipment/but not limited/ are needed in maintaining and repairing domestic
electronically controlled equipment/appliances and a sample of workshop organization shown
below.

Figure 1.2 workshop organization

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 Table 1.2 workshop organization

DUT – This large DUT prevents you from using a product safety enclosure.
A Instead, other precautions
must be taken to ensure a safe testing station.
B The Hipot Tester – tester used to test the DUT.
C Test Operator.
High Voltage Insulation Mat – This isolates you from ground which provides
D an additional means of
protection when operating high voltage equipment.
Signal Tower Light – gives an indication as to the status of the testing area. A
green light indicates the
E Hipot tester is not outputting high voltage and the test area is safe. A red light
indicates that the Hipot
tester is active and to stay clear of the test area.
Emergency Stop Button – An E-stop button is located on the perimeter of the
test area. In the event of
F an emergency, someone outside the test area can hit the E-Stop button to
immediately cut off power
to the entire test station.
Warning Signs4 – Mark the testing area with clearly posted signs that read:
G DANGER-HIGH VOLTAGE
TEST IN PROGRESS. UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL KEEP AWAY.
Sectioned Off Test Area – Since the size of the DUT restricts the use of an
enclosure, this test area is
sectioned off by a mesh fence to keep unauthorized personnel away from the
H testing station. NEC
(National Electric Code) and NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency)5
stipulate that any unqualified
workers shall not come within 10 feet of an EXPOSED energized circuit.

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 1.3. Preparing tools and test equipment

Preparing tools, test instruments: same of are listed below but not limited

Figure1.3 tools, test instruments

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 1.4. Repair & maintenance equipment

Maintenance recommendations are based on industry standards and experience in Reclamation

facilities. However, equipment and situations vary greatly, and sound engineering and
management judgment must be exercised when applying these recommendations. Other sources
of information must be consulted (e.g., manufacturer=s recommendations, unusual operating
conditions, personal experience with the equipment, etc.) in conjunction with these maintenance
recommendations.
Types of maintenance

Maintenance is work done to correct, reduce, or counteract wear, failure, and damage to
equipment. Maintenance of electrical and electronic equipment is divided into two main
categories: PREVENTIVE (routine) and CORRECTIVE maintenance.

 Preventive maintenance: - consists of mechanical, electrical, and electronic checks to

determine whether equipment is operating properly. It also consists of visual inspections
of cabling and equipment for damage and to determine if lubrication is needed.

 Corrective maintenance: - isolates equipment failure by means of test techniques and

practices; it also replaces defective parts and realigns or readjusts equipment to bring it
back to proper performance

Maintenance and test procedures

Maintenance activities fall into three general categories:

A. Routine Maintenance: - Activities that are conducted while equipment and systems are in
service. These activities are predictable and can be scheduled and budgeted. Generally, these are
the activities scheduled on a time-based or meter-based schedule derived from preventive or
predictive maintenance strategies. Some examples are visual inspections, cleaning, functional
tests, and measurement of operating quantities, lubrication, oil tests, and governor maintenance.

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B. Maintenance Testing: - Activities that involve using test equipment to assess condition in an
offline state. These activities are predictable and can be scheduled and budgeted. They may be
scheduled on a time or meter basis but may be planned to coincide with scheduled equipment
outages. Since these activities are predictable, some offices consider them “routine maintenance”
or “preventive maintenance.” Some examples are governor alignments and balanced and
unbalanced gate testing.

C. Diagnostic Testing: – Activities that involve using test equipment to assess the condition of
equipment after unusual events, such as equipment failure/ repair/replacement or when
equipment deterioration is suspected. These activities are not predictable and cannot be
scheduled because they are required after a forced outage. Each office must budget for these
events. Some examples are governor troubleshooting, unit balancing, and vibration testing.
Maintenance procedures

 Prepare necessary tools, test instruments and personal protective equipment in line
with job requirements

 Acquire service manuals and service information required for repair

/maintenance as manufacturer‟s specifications

 Conduct complete check-up of electronically-controlled domestic appliances

 Document the identified defects based on check-up conducted

1.5. Preparation of workplace/equipment

1.5.1. Location Workplace for repair
Building maintenance is work undertaken to keep, restore or improve every facility i.e.
every part of a building, its services including maintenance operations to a currently
acceptable standard and to sustain the utility and value of the facility.
The objective of setting workplace is: -
(i) To preserve machinery, building and services, in good operating condition.
(ii) To restore it back to its original standards, and

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 (iii) To improve the facilities depending upon the development that is taking place in the
building engineering.
1.5.2. Setting up a Safe Workstation
one of the best ways to prevent injury is to ensure that the test station is set up safely and
securely. Test stations can be setup with or without direct protection depending on your
requirements. Direct protection means that the operator cannot physically come into
contact with an energized DUT/device under test/ while a test is running.

Sample Proper Arrangement and storage of tools and equipment

Figure 1.4 tools and equipment

Figure 1.5 Safe Workstation

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Station with protection against electric shock.

Self-check-1
Test-I Choose
Instruction: For the Following Questions You Are Given Four Alternatives Then Choose the
Correct Answer and circle.

1, Activities that involve using test equipment to assess the condition of equipment after unusual
events (3 pt each)
A, Routine Maintenance B, Diagnostic Testing C, Maintenance Testing D, all
2, Isolates equipment failure by means of test techniques and practices. (3 pt each)
A Diagnostic Testing B, Corrective maintenance C, Preventive maintenance D,
Maintenance Testing

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3, consists of mechanical, electrical, and electronic checks to determine whether equipment is
operating properly. (3 pt each)
A Diagnostic Testing B, Corrective maintenance C, Preventive maintenance D,
Maintenance Testing
4, The objective of setting workplace is (3 points)
A, To preserve machinery, building and services, in good operating condition.
B, To restore it back to its original standards, and
C, To improve the facilities depending upon the development that is taking place in the
building engineering. D, all
5, A service manual consists of some or all of the f/f (3 points)
A, Safety & precautionary measures during dissembling
B, Dismantling or blow-up diagram
C, Block diagram of the equipment
D, All
6.Record all information during maintaining/repairing electronically-controlled domestic
appliance. This may include but not limited to: (3 points)
A, Job report sheets B, Job order C, Bill of materials D, Block diagram of the
equipment E, all
7, Service manual is the full written information provided by --------------. (3 points)
A, manufacturer B, Technician C, seller D, teacher

Test II: short Answer writing

Instruction: Identify the tools, equipment and materials in maintaining and repairing a domestic
equipment‟s and Write your answers on a separate sheet. (10 pt each)

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1. ---------------------- 2. -------------------3. ---------------------4. ---------------------5. --------------
6.-----------------------7. -----------------------8. --------------------9. ----------------------10-------------

Test III: Say true or false

1, one of the best ways to prevent injury is to ensure that the test station is set up safely and
securely. A, True B, False
2, Test stations can be setup with or without direct protection depending on your requirements.
A, True B, False

Note: Satisfactory rating – above 60% Unsatisfactory - below 60%

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers

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 Operation sheet-1

Operation Title: Techniques for Preparing Workplace/equipment for maintenance

Purpose: To Prepare Workplace/equipment for maintenance
Instruction: Using the figure below and given equipments to Workplace/equipment for
maintenance. You have given 30Minut for the task and you are expected to Preparing
Workplace/equipment
Tools and requirement
 Multimeter
 Utility knife/stripper
 Wrenches (assorted)
 Allen wrench/key
 Screws (assorted)
 Pliers (assorted)
Procedures:
1. Prepare necessary tools, test instruments and personal protective equipment in
line with job requirements.
2. Acquire service manuals and service information required for repair
/maintenance as manufacturer‟s specifications.
3. Conduct complete check-up of electronically-controlled domestic appliances.
4. Document the identified defects based on check-up conducted

Quality Criteria: use service manuals and service information for maintenance.
Precautions: use the given necessary tools, test instruments.

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 LAP Test -1

Name: __________________________ Date: ____________

Time started: ____________________ Time finished: _______________

Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform the
following tasks within 4 hours.

Task 1. Preparing Workplace/equipment for maintenance

Task 2 Verifying maintenance history with the company procedures

Task3 Acquiring Service manuals and service information

Task4 Setting Workplace for repair

Task 5 Preparing tools, test instruments and personal protective equipment

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 Unit two: Construct Electric Mitad and Stove
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Producing Service manual
 Constructing Mitad and stove
 Testing and product
 Complying completion procedures and documentations
 Disposing Waste materials
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Produce Service manual
 Construct Mitad and stove
 Test and product
 Comply completion procedures and documentations
 Dispose Waste materials

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2.1. Producing Service manual
Service manual is the full written information provided by the manufacturer regarding the
equipment. This service manual usually accompanies the equipment at time of purchase. A
service manual consists of some or all of the f/f
 Safety & precautionary measures during dissembling
 Dismantling or blow-up diagram
 Block diagram of the equipment
 Circuit diagram
 PCB lay out
 Parts-list
 Service manual/schematic diagram/parts list
 Operating instructions/User‟s/Owner‟s manual
 Component data sheet/handbook
Service information
Record all information during maintaining/repairing electronically-controlled domestic
appliance.

This may include but not limited to:

1. Job report sheets 2. Job order 3. Bill of materials 4. Customer index 5. Service
flowchart 6. stock and inventory record 7. Requisition slips (for acquisition of parts)
supplier index
Directions: Provided with the defective domestic appliance use Maintain and Repair
Form to gather and document the information about the appliance at hand. Follow the
procedures below:
Resources:
Domestic appliance: --------------------------
Receiving/Check-up Form
Procedure:
1. Conduct an initial interview to the owner of the appliance.
 Ask what the problem is.

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  Request for the details of the problem (how does it happen/since when/ nature of
the problem)
2. As serviceman, you must confirm the problem/ complain.

3. Make an initial inspection/ testing of the appliance.

 Physical appearance
 Operating controls
 Power cord etc.
4. Take note of the information gathered and observed.
5. Accomplish Receiving and Repair Form.
Receiving and Repair Form
Customer‟s name: ________________________________________________________
Address:
__________________________________________________________________
Product/ Brand name: ___________________________________________________
Serial no:
________________________________________________________________
Complain: _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Electric………… Checklist (e.g. Refrigerator, washing machine, flat iron)
Part of equipment condition

good defective

Power cord

Power switch

customer‟s Signature______________________ Date Repaired: ______________

technician‟s Signature______________________ Date Checked: ______________

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2.2. Construct Mitad and stove

Electric mitad (stove) is an electric device which is used to baking an injera. It is formed
different materials metals and nonmetals. Conductors and insulators. it helps to produce
human loss power and minimizing cost and destroy of forest for electric power uses or
electric consuming countries.

2.2.1. General Purpose of Electric Mitad (stove)

There are various types of electric stoves or mithad(stove) for different purposes
Example:
a. Small mitads from 56-57 cm in diameter and large mithad are also 58-62 cm in
diameter
b. For stove the diameter is 22mm, 45mm and 57mm
 22mm for home use
 45mm for restoranr hotels
 57mm for hotels

This electric mithad (stove) is the device basically used to convert electrical energy into
heat energy. For this purpose this devices are constructed using heating elements or
resistors. This device working a single-phase AC and different size and shape.
The main importance of electric mitad(stove) is
a. save the time
b. save a lot of many
c. save human power
These are manufactured in different shape. The elements used in the mithads(stove) are
designed for different wattage and the body is also manufactured for different shapes of
mithad(stove). Some are cylindrical type and some are round shape type.
In the cylindrical type mithad(stove) the heating element made of nicrom strip-insulated
with jeso. This type of mithad(stove) consists of cyliderical metal body with bottom cover
of flat iron.
The round shape electric mithad consists of ring type moulded element of nicrom wire or
straite nicrom wire and the strate nicrom

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Material Required

The basic material that we need for all types of electric mithd(stove) are the following

1. Resistors (heating element)

2. Electrical wire
3. Cable
4. Connectors
5. Plugs
6. Sockets
7. Switch(DPST)
8. Terminals
9. Metal body- made from sheet metal and aluminum
10. Baking clay
11. Plaster of pairs (jesso)
12. Screw(small bolt and nuts)
13. A piece of wood (handle)
14. Flat iron
15. Pipe( ½ inch)
16. Sheet metal cutting sissor
17. Drill machine
18. Drill bit
19. Mithad(stove) (flat clay being grouved)
Egneous rock (stones)

2.2.2. Use of material to work Mithad

1. Resistors (Heating Element)

Resistors are available with different power (watage) rating on a 220V source.
Example: For Injera mithad the following type of resistors different by their crossection
area can be used. 0.7 0.8 0.9 mm2. Each type of resistor can have different power rating.
For example 0.8mm2 resistor is available with 1500w , 1700w etc power ratings.
 0.7mm2 for stove
 0.8 and 0.9mm2 for mithad
2. Electric conductor: The conductors of a crosectional area used for electric mithads are
the minimum size is 4mm2.( 2.5mm2 for stove)

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 Figure 2.1 Electric conductor
3. Cable: This is required to connect the mithad to socket outlet. The right size can be
calculated from the power and voltage rating of the mithad. Mithad needs three wires
cable two for phase and neutral and the third for ground.

Figure 2.2 Cable

4. Connector: This are used to connect the conductor to the heating element. The current
rating of the connector should not be less than the mithad current rating. The standard
current rating of connector for this purpose is 25A. (16A for stove)

Figure 2.3 connector

5. Plugs: Plugs are also selected according to the wattage of the mithad. The standard plugs
for electric mithad is rated 25A.( 16A for stove)

Figure 2.4 Plugs

6. Socket: As for connectors and plugs a socket with right current rating is required. The
standard current rating is 25A.( 16A for stove)

Figure 2.5 socket

7. Switch: The current rating of the switch used should be large enough to make and
breake the current drawn by the mithad. The standard is 25A breaker. (16A for stove)

Figure 2.6 breaker

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 8. Terminals: Are made to connect heating element ends to conductors and to connect two
heating elements.

Figure 2.7 Terminals

9. Sheet metal: Used to make the body of electric mithad. The thickness is 1mm diameter
(0.6mm diameter for stove)

Figure 2.8 .Sheet metal

10. Aluminum Sheet Metal: to make the cover of mithad and the cover of the body limb.

Figure 2.1
11. Braking Clay: Is used to make injera on the clay and the back part of the mithad is
groved

Figure 2.1
12. Jeso: Is used to cover the heating element
13. Screw: Is used to connect the mithad and its cover with screw.

Figure 2.1
14. Flat Iron:It is used to hold the mithad and make the body stranded.
15. Pipe: Is used to make the electric mithad legs
16. Sheet Cutting Scissor: To cut the sheet metals as the required size.

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 17. Mithad (flat clay being groved): Mithad groved on the back part for putting the heating
element. (Mithad groved on the front part for putting the heating element for stove).
Clay of Mithad Clay of Stove

18. Egneous rock(stone): is used to fii the metal part of the mithad.
19. Prepare the body of mithad
-cut the mild steel sheet metal lengith 230 cm and heigt 15 cm

The 3 cm is must be bend to the outside. it used us the lip of the body of mithad. The lips
cutting us from triangle otherwise it can‟t fit each other or it would be hard

After that you must make the mild still and round shape

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 Then weld the round body by welding

machine.
Then make the triangle height 7cm length 14 cm

After that weld on the body and make hall on the fitted material in drill bit

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Ministry of Labor and Skills Electric Mitad and Stove August, 2022
 Then make a lag: the lag is moveable so you need 2 different size pipes for legs. The first
leg is cut off 12cm the second is 65cm

Then welded 4 legs by fine metal like this.

Then make formed from 0.8 mm2 aluminum sheet metal. It would be cut from all 2m by
1.5m aluminum by formula A=2 r2 shape of the body performed in

Finally heating element is slotted to being grooved mithad parallel and cover by gesso for
a certain time up to dry of gesso

Then would the 12cm leg in to the body. Like this

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 Then insert the welded in to the small leg weld with the body .then z shape with clay in to
the body .then connect heating element to switch paint the body .

The mithad look like this +

Final feature of stove look like this

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2.3. Testing and product

Possible Faults In Electrical Mithad

Mithad does not work
Cause Remedy

1. Supply may be cut off Check the supply with test lamp
2. Disconnection of heating element Check the continuity with series test lamp
Electric Mithad Defects

1. Will not Heat: Check cord set, terminals connection and heating elements for an
open circuit.
2. Users receive shock from mithad: Check for grounded heater element or ground
fault due to wire connection to the body.
3. The mithad does not work: Check the back part of the resistor.
Check the switch.

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 2.4. Complying completion procedures and documentations

 Diagnose documentation is a technical communication document intended to give a user or

customer information on how to solve and prevent those problems. It‟s commonly written for
computer hardware, electronic goods, and software but they can be written for any product.
 Proper documentation would list every stage in the process from start to end. As we
discussed troubleshooting is a logical and step by step process that must be followed every
time. If problems and customers are not the same, then how can even the best
troubleshooting staff survive without proper documentation? It is the life support for
troubleshooting.

 Troubleshooting documentation is more often than not, lengthy and can be tiring to read. Anyone
who is referring to such a document for a particular problem and its resolution should not need to
go through the entire documentation to find it. A well-defined and crisply laid out index should be in
place to make locating the area of interest easier. The index must also have some help words that
describe in layman terms some of the tongue twisting troubleshooting terminology.
 Clearly worded documentation is important to improve efficiency. Even if memory fails under
pressure, the troubleshooting staff can quickly recover from that by referring to the documentation.
The customer will never need to know that the staff ‘ran short’ to start with. The end perception will
be one of knowledge and efficiency. Happy staff and happier customer!
 The importance of documentation in troubleshooting and other areas comes from the fact that it is
a recording of a crucial and creative process that focuses on problem resolution and problem
prevention. It helps members of the same team or different teams work collaboratively on customer
issues or internal troubleshooting issues for quicker resolutions.
 Documentation can be very inspiring and thought provoking if written well. They provide invaluable
and indispensable data that make the entire troubleshooting process and customer service for a
company more robust and sustainable.
Although it is often neglected in the troubleshooting process, documentation is as important as
any of the other troubleshooting procedures. Documenting a solution involves keeping a record
of all the steps taken during the fix-not necessarily just the solution.
For the documentation to be of use to other network administrators in the future, it must include
several key pieces of information. When documenting a procedure, include the following
information:

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 Date-When was the solution implemented? It is important to know the date because if
problems occur after your changes, knowing the date of your fix makes it easier to
determine whether your changes caused the problems.
 Why-Although it is obvious when a problem is fixed while it is done, a few weeks later, it
might become less clear why that solution was needed. Documenting why the fix was
made is important because if the same problem appears on another system, you can use
this information to reduce time finding the solution.
 What-The successful fix should be detailed, along with information about any changes to the
configuration of the system or network that were made to achieve the fix. Additional
information should include version numbers for software patches or firmware, as
appropriate.
 Results-Many administrators choose to include information on both successes and failures.
The documentation of failures can prevent you from going down the same road twice,
and the documentation of successful solutions can reduce the time it takes to get a
system or network up and running.

Who-It might be that information is left out of the documentation, or someone simply wants to
ask a few questions about a solution. In both cases, if the name of the person who made a fix is
in the documentation, the person can easily be tracked down. This is more of a concern in
environments in which there are a number of IT staff, or if system repairs are performed by
contractors instead of company employees.

2.5. Disposing Waste materials

2.5.1 Land fill

In this process, the waste that cannot be reused or recycled are separated out and spread as a thin
layer in low-lying areas across a city. A layer of soil is added after each layer of garbage.
However, once this process is complete, the area is declared unfit for construction of buildings
for the next 20 years. Instead, it can only be used as a playground or a park.

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 A. Incineration

Incineration is the process of controlled combustion of garbage to reduce it to incombustible

matter such as ash and waste gas. The exhaust gases from this process may be toxic, hence it is
treated before being released into the environment. This process reduces the volume of waste by
90 per cent and is considered as one of the most hygienic methods of waste disposal. In some
cases, the heat generated is used to produce electricity. However, some consider this process, not
quite environmentally friendly due to the generation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide.

B. Waste Compaction

The waste materials such as cans and plastic bottles are compacted into blocks and sent for
recycling. This process prevents the oxidation of metals and reduces airspace need, thus making
transportation and positioning easy.

C. Biogas Generation

Biodegradable waste, such as food items, animal waste or organic industrial waste from food
packaging industries is sent to bio-degradation plants. In bio-degradation plants, they are
converted to biogas by degradation with the help of bacteria, fungi, or other microbes. Here, the
organic matter serves as food for the micro-organisms. The degradation can happen aerobically
(with oxygen) or an aerobically (without oxygen). Biogas is generated as a result of this process,
which is used as fuel, and the residue is used as manure.

D. Composting

All organic materials decompose with time. Food scraps, yard waste, etc., make up for one of the
major organic wastes we throw every day. The process of composting starts with these organic
wastes being buried under layers of soil and then, are left to decay under the action of
microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

This results in the formation of nutrient-rich manure. Also, this process ensures that the nutrients
are replenished in the soil. Besides enriching the soil, composting also increases the water
retention capacity. In agriculture, it is the best alternative to chemical fertilizers.

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 E. Vermicomposting

Vermicomposting is the process of using worms for the degradation of organic matter into
nutrient-rich manure. Worms consume and digest the organic matter. The by-products of
digestion which are excreted out by the worms make the soil nutrient-rich, thus enhancing the
growth of bacteria and fungi. It is also far more effective than traditional composting.

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Self-check-2
Test-I: Choose
Instruction: For the Following Questions You Are Given Four Alternatives Then Choose the
Correct Answer and circle
1, To be trouble shooter one must be a knowledge of A, tools needed B, basic
electronic/electrical component C, basic electronic/electrical ckt analysis D, all of the above
2, Advising customers depend on (3 pt )
A, how to safe from accidents B, how to use equipment‟s C, how to safe the equipment‟s
roomfuls D, When/how to clean the equipment‟s E. all
3. Make an initial inspection/ testing of the appliance. (3 pt each)
A. Physical appearance
B, Operating controls
C. Power cord. D. all

Test-II: Say true or false.

1, Troubleshooting is used in many fields such as engineering, system
administration, electronics, automotive repair, and diagnostic medicine.
2, write basic steps of Troubleshooting.
3, Hot Test is the test performing with power source.
4, which one is the method to identifying non-functional tools and equipment.

Test III: short Answer writing

1. Write Types of testing?
2. Write down Basic steps of Troubleshooting?
3. Write down analog testing instruments?

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Operation sheet-2.1

Operation Title: Reassemble units Techniques

Purpose: To Reassemble Units Techniques
Instruction: Using the figure below and given equipment‟s to Reassemble Units Techniques.
You have given 30Minut for the task and you are expected to write the answer on the given line.
Tools and requirement
 Multi-meter
 Utility knife/stripper
 Wrenches (assorted)
 Allen wrench/key
 Screws (assorted)
 Pliers (assorted)
Procedures:
1. Visual inspection of the unit with power off
2. Interview of customer re history of unit
3. Be sure you understand how the domestic appliance (washing machine, micro-oven,
refrigerator etc.) Operates. If possible, read the operation‟s manual first for its function and
additional features.
4. Operate the appliance according to manual to confirm defects
5. Determine what the problem really is.
6. Perform preliminary inspection to locate where the problem has originated.
7. Perform closer inspection into the suspected parts or components.
8. Use appropriate instrument in initial testing of the appliance.
9. Plan your approach to repair the problem.
 Quality Criteria: the given Single phase power supply is troubleshooting properly.
 Precautions: use the given multi-meter without damage.

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LAP Test-2.2. Reassemble units Techniques

Name: __________________________ Date: ____________

Time started: ____________________ Time finished: _______________

Instruction I: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform the
following tasks within 4 hours.

Task 1. Check reassemble units electrical mitad and stove

Task 2. Pre-test procedure
Task 3. Identify System defect/fault symptoms
Task 4. Use testing instruments in accordance with user manuals and safety procedures
Task 5. Implement Proper troubleshooting procedures
Task 6. Test circuits
Task 7. Explain Identify defects and faults
Task 8. Check Control settings/adjustments
Task 9. Document Results of diagnosis and testing
Task 10. Advise/inform customers regarding the status and serviceability

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 Unit Three: Diagnose faults of the unit
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 troubleshooting procedures
 systematic pre-testing procedure
 Identifying System defect/fault symptoms.
 Testing instruments
 checking and isolating Circuits
 Identifying, verifying and documented electric mitad
 Explaining defects and faults
 Check Control settings/adjustments
 Documenting of diagnosis and testing
 Advising/informed Customers
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Implement troubleshooting procedures
 Observe systematic pre-testing procedure
 Identify System defect/fault symptoms.
 Test instruments
 check and isolating Circuits
 Identify, verify and documented electric mitad
 Explaining defects and faults
 Check Control settings/adjustments
 Document of diagnosis and testing
 Advise Customers

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 3.1. Implementing troubleshooting procedures

3.1.1. Application of trouble shooting technique

Troubleshooting is a method of finding the cause of a problem and correcting it. The
ultimate goal of troubleshooting is to get the equipment back into operation. This is a very
important job because the entire production operation may depend on the troubleshooter's ability
to solve the problem quickly and economically, thus returning the equipment to service.
Although the actual steps the troubleshooter uses to achieve the ultimate goal may vary, there are
a few general guidelines that should be followed.
There are often cases where a familiar piece of equipment or system breaks down. In those cases,
an abbreviated five-step troubleshooting process can be used to find the fault, get the system up
and running. It is important to note that, although it is a five-step approach, the same basic
guidelines of the seven-step troubleshooting method are followed. The steps are simply
combined to be specific to the problem at hand.
3.1.2. General Trouble shouting Guide lines
The general guidelines for a good troubleshooter to follow are:
Use a clear and logical approach
 Work quickly
 Work efficiently
 Work economically
 Work safely and exercise safety precaution

The five-step troubleshooting techniques consist of the following:

1. Verify that a problem actually exists.
2. Isolate the cause of the problem.
3. Correct the cause of the problem.

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 4. Verify that the problem has been corrected.
5. Follow up to prevent future problems.
Within the four general guidelines previously mentioned, there are several action items that are
important to the successful achievement of the goal of troubleshooting:
A. Verify that something is actually wrong.
A problem usually is indicated by a change in equipment performance or product quality.
Verification of the problem will either provide you with indications of the cause if a problem
actually exists or prevent the troubleshooter from wasting time and effort on "ghost" problems
caused by the operator's lack of equipment understanding. Do not simply accept a report that
something is wrong without personally verifying the failure. A few minutes invested up front can
save a lot of time down the road. Troubleshooting any piece of equipment involves a
systematic approach of observing the symptom, analyzing the possible causes, and checking
these failures by test and measurement.
B. Identify and locate the cause of the trouble.
Trouble is often caused by a change in the system. A thorough understanding of the system, its modes of
operation, and how the modes of operation are supposed to work, the easier it will be to find the cause
of the trouble. This knowledge allows the troubleshooter to compare normal conditions to actual
conditions.

C. Correct the problem.

It is very important to correct the cause of the problem, not just the effect or the symptom. This often
involves replacing or repairing a part or making adjustments. Never adjust a process or piece of
equipment to compensate for a problem and consider the job finished; correct the problem!

D. Verify that the problem has been corrected.

Repeating the same check that originally indicated the problem can often do this. If the fault has been
corrected, the system should operate properly.
E. Follow up to prevent further trouble.
Determine the underlying cause of the trouble. Suggest a plan to a supervisor that will prevent a future
recurrence of this problem.

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 3.2. Identifying System defect/fault symptoms.
3.2.1. Troubleshoot defects/faulty parts
Many times equipment failure is caused by troubles in the power supply/mechanical
/resistor burned. If an electrical device ceases to operate, the most probable fault is power supply.
Diagnosis it systematically mentioned below.
A. Verify that the power supply is faulted or not.
Troubleshooting any piece of equipment involves a systematic approach of observing
the symptom, analyzing the possible causes, and checking these failures by test and
measurement. Given that the system power is available and the power supply is connected to it, check the
output of the power supply. If the output voltage is zero, or highly deviated value from its rated value
the device is faulted.
B. Identify and locate the cause of the trouble
First check the fuse. If the fuse blows investigate the root cause of it before replacing. If the fuse is
normal perform voltage test starting from the input side to the output side stage by stage until you get
abnormal reading which is also the symptom of fault. Recall the transformer stages bellow, and apply
voltage measurement at each stage using the following steps:
C. Power supply Test point (stages)
1. Adjust your multi-meter at AC range and >220v
2. Measure AC voltage at the input of the main CB between point A and B at (VAB)
3. Once faulty sage is identified, continue to investigate in the component level in that specific
faulty stage. The possible cause of fault and their symptoms.
D. Correct the problem.
Once the root cause of a given fault is found, obviously the next task is to correct (trouble shoot)
it. It is act of connecting the disconnecting circuit or replacing the faulted component with the
same rated components. This is actually one type of maintenance task.
E. Verify that the device reverts to its normal condition. This is simply done by
measuring the output voltage. If the fault still exist, repeat step 2 and 3 for the other fault.
F. Follow up to prevent further trouble.
If the fault is expected to be created by misuse of the power supply, for example if it were
overloaded, consults the user how to use it in order to prevent the same fault in the future.

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 3.3. Pre-testing procedure
Pre testing is the process of testing before the post testing is done to identify the defect /faulty
parts of the electronically controlled domestic equipment.

Why Test?

There are four main reasons why you should safety test your products prior to shipment

1. Safety Ensure that the product is not going to pose a hazard to the end user.

2. Quality Detect workmanship defects and prevent faulty components from being installed.

3. Cost Control Identify production problems before a product is shipped, preventing costly recalls.

Prevent product liability suits because the responsibility of performing electrical

4. Liability
safety tests ultimately rests on the manufacturer

Table 3.3. Safety test

3.3.1. General pre- testing procedures.

1. Visual inspection of the unit with power off

2. Interview of customer re history of unit
3. Be sure you understand how the domestic appliance (washing machine, micro-oven,
refrigerator etc.) Operates. If possible, read the operation‟s manual first for its function and
additional features.
4. Operate the appliance according to manual to confirm defects
5. Determine what the problem really is.
6. Perform preliminary inspection to locate where the problem has originated.
7. Perform closer inspection into the suspected parts or components.
8. Use appropriate instrument in initial testing of the appliance.
9. Plan your approach to repair the problem.

3.3.2. Importance of Testing

In Today„s Electronics world, more time is required for testing rather than design and
fabrication. When the circuit/device is developed, it is necessary to determine the functional and
timing specifications of the circuit/device. When the multiple copies of a circuit are

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manufactured, it is essential to test each copy to verify whether the manufacturing process has
introduced any flaws. In order to meet the requirements of the consumer, it is essential to test the
circuit effectively, before it is released into the market.
Good Testing leads to:
 Better quality products
 Good brand value for company
 Total Customer satisfaction improves yield in manufacturing
A. Testing Principle
During testing, a set oftest stimulus are applied to the inputs of the Circuit/Device under test
(CUT/DUT) and the output responses are analyzed. Circuits that produce the correct output
responses for all input stimuli are considered as fault-free and the circuits that fail to produce a
correct response are assumed to be faulty.
3.3.3. Types of Testing
A. Manual testing and Automated Testing:
Devices can be tested in two ways, manually and automatically. Testing Devices with human
intervention is referred as Manual test. Testing devices with the help of programs or tools with
minimal human intervention is referred as Automation test. Before Automation testing of any
device, one must know how to test the particular device manually.
To identify system defects and fault symptoms follow the following basic steps
 Observe systematic pre-testing procedures in accordance with manufacturer‟s instructions
 Check and isolate circuits using specified testing procedures
 Document results of diagnosis and testing accurately and completely within the specified
timeframe Explain identified defects and faults based on the result of diagnosis and
testing
 Provide data/information regarding the status and serviceability of the unit as per
procedure
3.4. Testing instruments
3.4.1. Instruments used to test Electric Mitad and Stove Power rating
A. Multi meter
Multi-meter is known as a multi-tester or VOM (Volt- Ohm Milli-ammeter). It is an all-in-one electronic
measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions. Thus, it’ll be able to troubleshoot
issues with your circuit or electronic designs!
There are two types of multi-meter, but a typical multi-meter is capable of measuring voltage, current
and resistance. We will go into more detail in the latter part of this guide.
A typical multi-meter nowadays looks like this:

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 Figure 2.1 Digital Capacitance Meter
3.4.2. Types of Multimeter
Although we mainly use digital multi-metir these days, as I briefly mentioned earlier, there are two types
of multi-meter:
 Analog
 Digital
Let’s talk about Resolution in multi-metir before stating their differences: The resolution of a multi-
meter is the smallest part of the scale which can be shown, which is scale-
A. Analog Multimeter
dependent.
The analog multi-meters are more responsive to changes than digital multi-meters, thus it is able to give
a more accurate reading. However, because it is so sensitive, this makes it hard to read and gives delays.

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 Figure 3.1 Typical Analog Multi-meters
F. Digital Multimeter

The resolution of a multi-meter is often specified in the number of decimal digits resolved and
displayed. Some digital multi-meter is able to configure its resolution as well!

Figure 3.2. Digital Capacitance Meter

Parts of a Digital Multimeter
A Multimeter is made up of 3 main portions:
 Display: Measurements are displayed here
 Selection Knob: Allows you to select what to measure
 Ports: Where you plug in the probes

Figure 2.4 Parts of a Digital Multimeter

It should also come with probes, and note that the color does not matter!

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 3.5. Checking and isolating Circuits

Conventional Electric Mitad

Majority of producers -0.9 mm resistance
4 Kw starting & 3.8 Kw Avg. Steady pow

Single or double clay plate

8 -12 Kgs Clay plate

Startup time : 15 to 20min

Fixed position

4 Sq. mm Cable

25 A Switch(Kalki) and ACB

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 3.6. Identifying, verifying and documented electric mitad

Energy Efficiency (EE) standards and labels-

Labels:
A. informative labels affixed to manufactured products (usually
in the form of energy use, efficiency, or energy cost)
B. give consumers the data necessary to make informed purchases.
Two types: endorsement labels and comparative labels.
Energy efficiency(EE) standards:
C. procedures and regulations that prescribe the energy
performance of manufactured products,
D. sometimes prohibit the sale of products that are less efficient
than a minimum level.
Rational for EE labels & standards:
a. essential element in any government‟s portfolio of EE policies
and climate-change-mitigation programs.
i. they can produce very large energy savings
ii. limiting energy demand growth without limiting economic growth
iii. require change in the behavior of a manageable number of manufacturers
rather than the entire consuming public
iv. they treat all manufacturers, distributors, and retailers equally
v. the resulting energy savings are generally assured

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Steps in the process of developing energy-efficiency labels and standards
a) Decide Whether and How to Implement Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards
b) Develop a Testing Capability
c) Design and Implement a Labeling Program
d) Analyzing and setting standards
e) Design and Implement a Communication Campaign
f) Ensure Program Integrity
g) Evaluating the impact of labeling and standards programs

3.7. Explaining defects and faults

3.7.1. Possible Faults in Electrical Mithad

Mithad does not work

Cause Remidy

Supply may be cut off Check the supply with test lamp

Disconnection of heating element Check the continuity with series test lamp

Electric Mithad Deffects

Will not Heat: Check cord set, terminals connection and heating elements for an open circuit.

Users receive shock from mithad: Check for grounded heater element or ground fault due to
wire connection to the body.

The mithad does not work: Check the back part of the resistor. Check the switch.

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 3.8. Check Control settings/adjustments.
Your washing machine has three main settings: agitation, length, and temperature.
These are the main features your machine has which allow you to tailor your wash to
the fabrics you’re cleaning.
 Setting Agitation. For delicate, you need less agitation. Sturdy items, cotton,
synthetics, and heavily soiled garments need the most.
 Setting length. Fast cycles are great for lightly not clean enjera and alternative
cooking.
 Setting temperature. With Ariel, you can cook enjera or bread at different
temperature settings and get brilliant stain removal while saving energy. You
cannot set the temperature higher than the wash default, only lower.
However, most electrical mitad and stove also come with other useful features such as
a:
 Digital display. This display tells you how much time remains on your wash
program.
 Time delay. This setting is useful if you want to run a wash cycle at night when
electricity is cheaper, or you want the machine to wash your clothes just before
you get home.
 Load detection. Some washing machines detect the washing load weight in the
drum and can select the optimal cycle. This feature helps you save water and
energy but is a feature found on premium models only.
 Child lock. This feature helps keeps curious little hands from using the controls
or playing with the doors
3.9. Documentation of diagnosis and testing
 Diagnose documentation is a technical communication document intended to give a user or
customer information on how to solve and prevent those problems. It‟s commonly written for
computer hardware, electronic goods, and software but they can be written for any product.
 Proper documentation would list every stage in the process from start to end. As we
discussed troubleshooting is a logical and step by step process that must be followed every
time. If problems and customers are not the same, then how can even the best
troubleshooting staff survive without proper documentation? It is the life support for
troubleshooting.
 Troubleshooting documentation is more often than not, lengthy and can be tiring to
read. Anyone who is referring to such a document for a particular problem and its
resolution should not need to go through the entire documentation to find it. A well-
defined and crisply laid out index should be in place to make locating the area of
interest easier. The index must also have some help words that describe in layman
terms some of the tongue twisting troubleshooting terminology.
 Clearly worded documentation is important to improve efficiency. Even if memory
fails under pressure, the troubleshooting staff can quickly recover from that by
referring to the documentation. The customer will never need to know that the staff
‘ran short’ to start with. The end perception will be one of knowledge and efficiency.
Happy staff and happier customer!
 The importance of documentation in troubleshooting and other areas comes from
the fact that it is a recording of a crucial and creative process that focuses on
problem resolution and problem prevention. It helps members of the same team or

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 different teams work collaboratively on customer issues or internal troubleshooting
issues for quicker resolutions.
 Documentation can be very inspiring and thought provoking if written well. They
provide invaluable and indispensable data that make the entire troubleshooting
process and customer service for a company more robust and sustainable.
Although it is often neglected in the troubleshooting process, documentation is as important as
any of the other troubleshooting procedures. Documenting a solution involves keeping a record
of all the steps taken during the fix-not necessarily just the solution Date-When was the solution
implemented? It is important to know the date because if problems occur after your changes,
knowing the date of your fix makes it easier to determine whether your changes caused the
problems.
 Why-Although it is obvious when a problem is fixed while it is done, a few weeks later,
it might become less clear why that solution was needed. Documenting why the fix was
made is important because if the same problem appears on another system, you can use
this information to reduce time finding the solution.
 What-The successful fix should be detailed, along with information about any changes to
the configuration of the system or network that were made to achieve the fix. Additional
information should include version numbers for software patches or firmware, as
appropriate.
 Results-Many administrators choose to include information on both successes and
failures. The documentation of failures can prevent you from going down the same road
twice, and the documentation of successful solutions can reduce the time it takes to get a
system or network up and running.
Who-It might be that information is left out of the documentation, or someone simply wants to
ask a few questions about a solution. In both cases, if the name of the person who made a fix is
in the documentation, the person can easily be tracked down
3.10 . Advice to customers
 Advice is guidance about what someone should do. Advise is a verb that means to give
someone advice about something. Despite their very similar spelling, advice and advice are
pronounced differently.
 Below listed are few handling procedures of electrical mitad and stove advice to
customers‟
 Scratch Damage: Handle the display device with care to avoid scratching it.
 Moisture Damage: Gently wipe off any moisture or let the device dry before using it.
Dirt and Stain: Gently wipe off the stain with a soft lint-free cloth.
 Temperature Difference: High temperature and humidity will degrade the performance
of a display device.
 Pressure and Heat: Display device should be mounted 4 mm or more away from
Printed Circuit Boards.
 Accessories Usage: Use only attachments and accessories specified or recommended by
manual
 While Lightening: Unplug the power supply during lightning storms or when unused
for long periods of time.

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Self-check 3.1.
Test I: short Answer writing
Instruction: write short answer for the given question. You are provided 4 minute
for each question and each point has 5 Points.
1. Write Procedure of Cleaning and Care for Constructing and Repairing Electric Mitad
and Stove maintenance.
2 Precautions for Safe Use to Excessive Electric Mitad and Stove maintenance.
Test II: Say True or False
1. The oven‟s electronic components are usually not located in its lower part.
2. CB settings may be changed when timer function is activated
3. Avoid fast cooling after soldering
4. Avoid any force on the body or leads during or immediately after soldering
5. Do not correct the position of an already soldered device by pushing, and pulling

Test III: Fill the blank space for the question provided given below.
1. ___________ is an unbalanced electrical charge at rest
2. ___________is commonly known has been design specifically to protect employees in
the work environment
3. __________ is serious detrimental effects on all semiconductor ICs and the system that
contains them

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Operation Sheet: 3.1. Replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove
Operation Title: 3.1. To replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove
Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill to replace the defective
component for repairing Mitad and Stove
Instruction: Use the given select tools and equipment so that mitad and stove is usually done
sure the skill to replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove problems with the
mitad and stove circuit cabinet diagram operates properly. For this operation you have given 4
Hour and you are expected to provide the answer on the given steps.

Consumable materials

pen & ink Red, blue and black

Pencil HP
drafting, graph paper A1
tracing paper A4
Eraser Erase pencil
Heating plate 1000 watts
Circuit breaker 220V/25A

Circuit breaker 220V/20A

Heating plate 500 watts

Kalki switch 25A
Plug(25A) 25A
Resistor 1500Watt

Resistor 1000Watt
Resistor 300Watt
Three wire cable/3-line/ 2mm2

Three wire cable/3-line/ 4mm2

Local mitad clay for mitad
Scriber, Weraja, and Jeso for mitad making
Tools and Equipment
Soldering iron/gun 220V/50Hz

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 Screwdriver (assorted) Philips type
Screwdriver (assorted) Hexagonal type
Screwdriver (assorted) Flat type
Nut drivers (assorted) Standard type

Multi-meter (analog/digital) AC/200M-750V/DC/200M-1000V

Clamp meter Multi - Function (Ampere, Voltage

and Ohms)
Utility knife 5 pcs replaceable blade

Wire stripper 150mm length .3-4.5mm ᴓ

Pliers (assorted) 130mm-155mm length
work bench Length 2m, height 80 cm, Width
1.2
Test light Lamp indicator
Cleaning brush Outside cleaning of copper, steel,
brass, aluminum tubes

Ball peen hammer 300gms-500gms

Tweezers Stain less steel

Electric Mitad stand with all Stand with all accessories.

accessories.
Electric stove stand with all Stand with all accessories.
accessories
Procedure you follow to do it
Step: 1 Prepare soldering tools and equipment‟s, new component to be replaced
Step: 2 Disconnect the power before you replace/repair the faulty device
Step: 3 remove the defective one by applying correct disordering technique.
Step: 4 put in place the new component in the correct direction (keep correct polarity)
Step: 5 solder it by applying good soldering technique
Step: 6 Use properly grounded power outlets.
Step: 7 Take care of not to touch high voltage side.

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LAP Test – 3.1. To replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove.
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools, materials and equipment you are required to
perform replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove problems with
replacement steps for safe performance for the following tasks within 5 hour.

Task - 1: Remove the pivot pin, and torsion bar;

Task - 2: Remove outside door handle;
Task - 3: Push out the guide pin to remove the hook from the handle
Task - 4: Remove the circuit breaker from the wall of mitad.
Task - 5: Remove the inside door handle
Task - 6: Unplug the power cord
Task - 8: Record your findings
Task - 9: Clean up area and return tools and materials to proper storage.
Precautions: select necessary templates, tools, materials and equipment before replace the
defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove for Safe Performance on the given format.
Quality Criteria: the given replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove
for Safe Performance is with correct specification

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Unit Four: Maintain/repair the unit
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Using Personal protective equipment‟s.
 Replacing defective parts/components.
 Observing Care and extreme precaution
 Replacing and Soldering Defective parts/components
 Performing Cleaning of units.

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Use Personal protective equipment‟s.
 Replace defective parts/components.
 Observe Care and extreme precaution
 Replace and Solder Defective parts/components
 Perform Cleaning of units.

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4.1. Personal Protective Equipment or PPE
It is commonly known has been design specifically to protect employees in the work
environment. Not only is it important to protect employees but also to protect the employer
from unwanted legal claims. Furthermore, PPE is often a legal requirement and it is the
responsibility of the employer to ensure employees wear protective clothing and observe
safety and health regulations. It is also a responsibility, which employees must take seriously.

4.1.1. Common Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

During diagnose and troubleshoot Mechatronics system, the following Personal Protective
Equipment or PPE are most commonly used.
 Safety hat
 Safety shoes
 Ear muffs
 Goggles
 Mask
 Gloves
 Safety belt/Harness

Figure: 4.1. PPE

4.1.2. If technicians not use appropriate PPE

The followings are some of the main risks of not using appropriate personal protective
equipment:
 The lungs will be affected, example, from breathing in contaminated air
 The head and feet will be affected, example from falling materials
 The eyes, example from flying particles or splashes of corrosive liquids

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  The skin will affected, example from contact with corrosive materials
 The body will affected, example from extremes of heat or cold.

4.2. Replacing defective parts/components.

Troubleshooting and repairing Mitad and Stove can be easy but you will get frustrated if you
could not locate the spare parts. Sometimes the repair job can be done in few minutes. However,
when finding the original parts, you may end up spending more time to locate the parts than
when you do the repair work on SMPS. In order to make things easier, you may visit the blog at
http://www.JestineYong.com under the category of Electronic suppliers to get the components
you want. If possible, get back the same part number to avoid repeating failure in SMPS that you
have repaired and also to maintain the specifications within acceptable limits with respect to line
isolation and to minimize fire hazards. However, if you still could not get the exact replacement
parts for substitution please refer to any semiconductor data books to search for replacement.
In data books there would be suggestions as to which part numbers are suitable for replacement.
This kind of data book is a must for anyone who works in electronic repair line. Apart from that,
you could also find your own replacement by comparing the specification between the original
and the replacement transistor. Always look for the replacement that has the same or higher
specification in terms of voltage and Ampere and Wattage.

Figure: 4.2. Semiconductor Replacement data book

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4.2.1. Location and the type of faulty component

Once the fault location and the type of faulty component is identified in the fault diagnosis
section, obviously the next task is to correct (trouble shoot) it. It is act of connecting the
disconnecting circuit or replacing the faulted component with the same type, rate and size
components. The selection of components according to their correct specification and soldering
skill are determining factor for the replacement is effective.
A. To replace the defective component:
 Prepare soldering tools and equipment‟s, new component to be replaced
 Remove the defective one by applying correct disordering technique.
 Put in place the new component in the correct direction (keep correct polarity)
 Solder it by applying good soldering technique
B. Safety
 Take care of not to touch high voltage side
 Wear apron, Glove, safety shoe
 Follow all cautions, warnings, and instructions marked on the equipment.
 Ensure that the voltage and frequency rating of the power outlet matches the electrical
rating labels on the system.
 Use properly grounded power outlets.
 Disconnect the power before you replace/repair the faulty device
 Discharge capacitor first before replacing it.

4.3. Observing care and extreme precaution

4.3.1. Precautions to Be Observed Before and During Servicing
(a) Do not operate or allow the stove to be operated with the door open.
(b) Make the following safety checks on all ovens to be serviced before activating the magnetron
or other microwave source, and make repairs as necessary:
(1) Interlock operation,
(2) Proper door closing,
(3) Seal and sealing surfaces (arcing, wear, and other damage),
(4) Damage to or loosening of hinges and latches,
(5) Evidence of dropping or abuse.

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 (c) Before turning on stove power for any service test or inspection within the stove generating
compartments, transmission line, and cavity for proper alignment, integrity, and connections.
(d) Any defective or misadjusted components in the interlock, monitor, door seal, and stove
generation and transmission systems shall be repaired, replaced, or adjusted by procedures
described in this manual before the oven is released to the owner.
(e) A Microwave leakage check to verify compliance with the Federal performance standard
should be performed on each oven prior to release to the owner.
(iv) Include additional radiation safety precautions or instructions which may be necessary
for particular oven designs or models, as determined by the Director, Center for Devices
and Radiological Health or the manufacturer.
(6) Warning labels. Except as provided in paragraph (c) (6) (IV) of this section, microwave
ovens shall have the following warning labels:
(i) A label, permanently attached to or inscribed on the oven, which shall be legible and
readily viewable during normal oven use, and which shall have the title emphasized and be
so located as to elicit the attention of the user. The label shall bear the following warning
statement:
4.3.2. Precautions for Safe Use to Excessive Energy
A. DO NOT Attempt to operate this stove with:
I. Object Caught in Door.
II. Door That Does Not Close Properly.
III. Damaged Door, Hinge, Latch, or Sealing Surface.
B. A label, permanently attached to or inscribed on the external surface of the oven, which shall
be legible and readily viewable during servicing, and which shall have the word “CAUTION”
emphasized and be so located as to elicit the attention of service personnel. The label shall bear
the following warning statement:
Caution: This device is to be serviced Only by Properly qualified Service Personnel.
Consult the Service Manual for Proper Service Procedures to Assure Continued Compliance with
the Federal Performance Standard for mit6ad and stove for Precautions to be taken to Avoid
Possible Exposure to Excessive Energy.
(iii) The labels provided in accordance with paragraphs (II)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section shall bear
only the statements specified in that paragraph, except for additional radiation safety warnings or

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instructions which may be necessary for particular oven designs or models, as determined by the
Director, Center for Devices and Radiological Health or the manufacturer.
(iv) Upon application by a manufacturer, the Director, Center for Devices and Radiological
Health, Food and Drug Administration, may grant an exemption from one or more of the
statements (radiation safety warnings) specified in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section. Such
exemption shall be based upon a determination by the Director that the microwave oven model
for which the exemption is sought should continue to comply with paragraphs (c) (1), (2), and (3)
of this section under the adverse condition of use addressed by such precautionary statement(s).
An original and two copies of applications shall be submitted to the Division of Dockets
Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061,
Rockville, MD 20852. Copies of the written portion of the application, including supporting data
and information, and the Director's action on the application will be maintained by the
A. Branch for public review. The application shall include:
 The specific mitad and stove model(s) for which the exemption is sought.
 The specific radiation safety warning(s) from which exemption is sought.
 Data and information which clearly establish that one or more of the radiation safety
warnings in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section is not necessary for the specified microwave
oven model(s).
 Such other information and a sample of the applicable product if required by regulation or
by the Director, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, to evaluate and act on the
application.
4.4. Replacing and Soldering Defective parts/components
There are two basic forms of electronic component construction, those with leads for through-
hole mounting and those for surface mounting. Through-hole mounting gives a very rugged
construction and uses well established soldering methods. Surface mounting has the advantages
of high packing density plus high-speed automated assembly. With all components, excessive
forces or heat can cause serious damage and should always be avoided.

4.4.1. Soldering
• Avoid any force on the body or leads during or immediately after soldering
• Do not correct the position of an already soldered device by pushing, pulling or twisting the
body

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• Avoid fast cooling after soldering
• The maximum allowable soldering time is determined by:
• Package type
• Mounting environment
• Soldering method
• Soldering temperature
• Distance between the point of soldering and the seal of the component body
The maximum permissible temperature of the solder is 260 °C; this temperature must not be in
contact with the joint for more than 5s. The total contact time of successive solder waves must
not exceed 5s.
The component may be mounted up to the seating plane, but the temperature of the plastic body
must not exceed the specified storage maximum. If the PCB has been preheated, forced cooling
may be necessary immediately after soldering to keep the temperature within the permissible
limit.

4.4.2. Mounting
If the rules for handling and soldering are observed, the following mounting or process methods
are allowed:
• Preheating of the printed-wiring board before soldering up to a maximum of 100 °C
• Flat mounting with the diode body in direct contact with the printed-wiring board with or
without metal tracks on both sides and/or plated-through holes
• Flat mounting with the diode body in direct contact with hot spots or hot tracks during
soldering
• Upright mounting with the diode body in direct contact with the printed-wiring board if the
body is not in contact with metal tracks or plated-through holes

4.4.3. Repairing soldered joints

Apply the soldering iron to the component pin(s) below the seating plane, or not more than 2 mm
above it. If the temperature of the soldering iron bit is below 300 °C, it may remain in contact for
up to 10s. If it is over 300 °C but below 400 °C, it may only remain in contact for up to 5s.

4.4.4. Surface mount devices (SMDs)

Since the introduction of surface mount devices (SMDs), component design and manufacturing
techniques have changed almost beyond recognition. Smaller pitch, minimum footprint area and

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reduced component volume all contribute to a more compact circuit assembly. Consequently,
when designing PCBs, the dimensions of the footprints are perhaps more crucial than ever
before.
One of the first steps in this design process is to consider which soldering method, either wave or
reflow, will be used during production. This determines not only the solder footprint dimensions,
but also the minimum spacing between components, the available area underneath the
component where tracks may be laid, and possibly the required component orientation during
soldering. Although reflow soldering is recommended for SMDs, many manufacturers use, and
will continue to use for some time to come, a mixture of surface-mount and through-hole
components on one substrate (a mixed print).
The mix of components affects the soldering methods that can be applied. A substrate having
SMDs mounted on one or both sides, but no through-hole components is likely to be suitable for
reflow or wave soldering. A double-sided mixed print that has through-hole components and
some SMDs on one side and densely packed SMDs on the other normally undergoes a sequential
combination of reflow and wave soldering. When the mixed print has only through-hole
components on one side and all SMDs on the other, wave soldering is usually applied.
To help with your circuit board design, this guideline gives an overview of both reflow and wave
soldering methods and is followed by some useful hints on hand soldering for repair purposes,
and the recommended footprints for SMD discrete semiconductor packages.

4.4.5. Reflow soldering process

There are three basic process steps for single-sided PCB reflow soldering, these are:
• Applying solder paste to the PCB
• Component placement
• Reflow soldering.

4.5. Performing Cleaning.

4.5.1. Procedure of Cleaning and Care
1. Turn off the oven and unplug the power cord from the wall when cleaning.
2. Keep the inside of the oven clean. When food splatters or spilled liquids adhere to oven
walls, wipe with a damp cloth. Mild detergents may be used if the oven gets very dirty.
Avoid using spray or other harsh cleaners. They may stain, streak or dull the door surface.

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3. The outside of the oven should be cleaned with a damp cloth. To prevent damage to the
operating parts inside the oven, water should not be allowed to seep into the ventilation
openings.
4. Wipe the door and window on sides, the door seals and adjacent parts frequently with a damp
cloth to remove any spills or spatters. Do not use abrasive cleaner.
5. A steam cleaner is not be used.
6. Do not allow the control panel to become wet. Clean with a soft, damp cloth. When cleaning
the control panel, leave oven door open to prevent oven from accidentally turning on.
7. If steam accumulates inside or around the outside of the oven door, wipe with a soft cloth.
This may occur when the microwave oven is operated under high humidity condition. And it
is normal.
8. It is occasionally necessary to remove the glass tray for cleaning. Wash the tray in warm
sudsy water or in a dishwasher.
9. The roller ring and oven floor should be cleaned regularly to avoid excessive noise. Simply
wipe the bottom surface of the oven with mild detergent. The roller ring may be washed in
mild, soapy water or in a dishwasher. When removing the roller ring, be sure to replace it in
the proper position.
10. Remove odors from your oven by combining a cup of water with the juice and skin of one
lemon in a microwaveable bowl. Microwave for 5 minutes. Wipe thoroughly and dry with a
soft cloth.
11. If the light bulb burns out, please contact customer service to have it replaced.
12. The oven should be cleaned regularly and any food deposits should be removed. Failure to
maintain the oven in a clean condition could lead to deterioration of surface that could
adversely affect the life of the unit and could possibly result in a hazardous situation.

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Self-check 4.1.
Test I: short Answer writing
Instruction: write short answer for the given question. You are provided 4 minute
for each question and each point has 5 Points.
2. Write Procedure of Cleaning and Care for Constructing and Repairing Electric Mitad
and Stove maintenance.
2 Precautions for Safe Use to Excessive Electric Mitad and Stove maintenance.
Test II: Say True or False
6. The oven‟s electronic components are usually not located in its lower part.
7. CB settings may be changed when timer function is activated
8. Avoid fast cooling after soldering
9. Avoid any force on the body or leads during or immediately after soldering
10. Do not correct the position of an already soldered device by pushing, and pulling

Test III: Fill the blank space for the question provided given below.
4. ___________ is an unbalanced electrical charge at rest
5. ___________is commonly known has been design specifically to protect employees in
the work environment
6. __________ is serious detrimental effects on all semiconductor ICs and the system that
contains them

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Operation Sheet: 4.1. Replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove
Operation Title: 3.1. To replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove
Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill to replace the defective
component for repairing Mitad and Stove
Instruction: Use the given select tools and equipment so that mitad and stove is usually done
sure the skill to replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove problems with the
mitad and stove circuit cabinet diagram operates properly. For this operation you have given 4
Hour and you are expected to provide the answer on the given steps.

Consumable materials

pen & ink Red, blue and black

Pencil HP
drafting, graph paper A1
tracing paper A4
Eraser Erase pencil
Heating plate 1000 watts
Circuit breaker 220V/25A

Circuit breaker 220V/20A

Heating plate 500 watts

Kalki switch 25A

Plug(25A) 25A

Resistor 1500Watt

Resistor 1000Watt

Resistor 300Watt

Three wire cable/3-line/ 2mm2

Three wire cable/3-line/ 4mm2

Local mitad clay for mitad

Scriber, Weraja, and Jeso for mitad making

Tools and Equipment

Soldering iron/gun 220V/50Hz

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 Screwdriver (assorted) Philips type
Screwdriver (assorted) Hexagonal type
Screwdriver (assorted) Flat type
Nut drivers (assorted) Standard type

Multi-meter (analog/digital) AC/200M-750V/DC/200M-1000V

Clamp meter Multi - Function (Ampere, Voltage

and Ohms)
Utility knife 5 pcs replaceable blade

Wire stripper 150mm length .3-4.5mm ᴓ

Pliers (assorted) 130mm-155mm length
work bench Length 2m, height 80 cm, Width
1.2
Test light Lamp indicator
Cleaning brush Outside cleaning of copper, steel,
brass, aluminum tubes
Ball peen hammer 300gms-500gms
Tweezers Stain less steel

Electric Mitad stand with all Stand with all accessories.

accessories.

Electric stove stand with all Stand with all accessories.

accessories

Procedure you follow to do it

Step: 1 Prepare soldering tools and equipment‟s, new component to be replaced
Step: 2 Disconnect the power before you replace/repair the faulty device
Step: 3 remove the defective one by applying correct disordering technique.
Step: 4 put in place the new component in the correct direction (keep correct polarity)
Step: 5 solder it by applying good soldering technique
Step: 6 Use properly grounded power outlets.
Step: 7 Take care of not to touch high voltage side.

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LAP Test – 4.1. To replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove.
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools, materials and equipment you are required to
perform replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove problems with
replacement steps for safe performance for the following tasks within 5 hour.

Task - 1: Remove the pivot pin, and torsion bar;

Task - 2: Remove outside door handle;
Task - 3: Push out the guide pin to remove the hook from the handle
Task - 4: Remove the circuit breaker from the wall of mitad.
Task - 5: Remove the inside door handle
Task - 6: Unplug the power cord
Task - 8: Record your findings
Task - 9: Clean up area and return tools and materials to proper storage.
Precautions: select necessary templates, tools, materials and equipment before replace the
defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove for Safe Performance on the given format.
Quality Criteria: the given replace the defective component for repairing Mitad and Stove
for Safe Performance is with correct specification

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 Unit Five: Test repaired unit
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Assembling and Reassembling Repaired units
 Testing and cleaning final units
 Compiling Service completion
 Disposing Waste materials
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Assemble and Reassemble Repaired units
 Test, and clean final units
 Compile Service completion
 Dispose Waste materials

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 5.1. Reassembling repaired units

Remove the CB including the shield case, permanent magnet, electric mitad and stove (all of
which are contained in one assembly).
1. Disconnect all lead wires from the magnetron and lamp.
2. Remove the bracket mounting.
3. Remove the magnetron supporter
4. Remove the air cover.
5. Remove screws from the back panel.
6. Remove the essay noise filter.
7. Take out the fan motor.
8. Remove the oven lamp by pulling out from hole of air cover carefully. NOTE1: When
removing the magnetron, make sure that its antenna does not hit any adjacent parts, or it may be
damaged. NOTE2: When replacing the magnetron, be sure to remount the magnetron gasket in
the correct position and make sure the gasket is in good condition.

5.1.1. Perform disassembling and assembling processes in accordance with OH&S

To perform assembling and disassembling processes tearing down the device in accordance with
the device manual and OH & S policies and procedure by applying the workplace rule.
Regarding safety necessary ideas have been already discussed in LO1 please refer to LO1
information sheet about OH&S policies and procedures.
 Use all required PPE and specific safety procedures for your activity.
 Protect your own Health and Safety and that of your co-workers;
 Not initiate or participate in the harassment of another worker; and
 Co-operate with your supervisor and anyone else with duties under the legislation.
 Avoid horseplay during your activity and follow your instruction sheet & instructor
recommendation.

5.1.2. Supplies, materials and equipment preparation

For required activity necessary materials and equipment‟s must be supplied by the person who
provides training. For example we are going to disassemble electrical mitad and stove. During
your disassembling look your operation sheet and manual of the device.

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SUPPLIES, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT HAND TOOLS
a) Full PPE
b) pair of rubber gloves
c) cutting pliers
d) Phillips screwdriver, and
e) Flathead screwdriver
f) Personal Computer
g) safety goggles
h) Working area/bench

5.1.3. Assembly Instructions

A. Lay stove (A) upside down on a padded surface with the underside accessible. Attach leg
(B) to stove by inserting the tab on the top of the leg (B) into the corresponding slot on the
bottom of the stove (A). Insert two screws (AA) into predrilled holes and tighten securely.
Repeat with remaining three legs.

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Figure: 5.3.Schematic overview of the components of an electric mitad

Figure: 5.4. Electrical mitad with clay plate (left) and electric mitad with MM-plate (right)
5.1.4. Operating Instructions
Once the unit has been properly connected to a ground electrical outlet, it is ready to operate.
Note: Ensure the circuit breakers for power supply are turned on. CONTROL PANEL
OPERATION Controls are located on the back of the unit near the top (see Figure 3). 1. Main
ON/OFF power switch: This switch is located at the furthest right corner on the control panel
when looking at the back of the unit. Turn the switch to ON and unit will be ready to operate.
The "|" indicates ON and "O" indicates OFF. 2. Flame ON/OFF Switch: This switch is located in
the middle between the Main ON/OFF switch and the Heater ON/OFF switch on the control
panel when looking at the back of the unit. Turn the switch to ON and the flame effect will turn
on. The "|" indicates ON and the "O" indicates OFF. 3. Heater ON/OFF Switch: This switch is
located to the left of the Flame ON/OFF switch on the control panel. It has a symbol of the sun
directly below it. 4. Thermostat Control Dial: This dial is located at the furthest left corner on the
control panel. It has a symbol of a thermostat directly below it. Turn the dial clockwise past the
number 8.

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 5.1.5. Reassembly Test

1. When mounting the door to the electrical mitad and stove, be sure to adjust the door parallel to
the bottom line of the electrical mitad and stove face plate by moving the upper hinge and lower
hinge in the direction necessary for proper alignment.
2. Adjust so that the door has no play between the inner door surface and electrical mitad and
stove front surface. If the door assembly is not mounted properly, electrical mitad and stove
energy may leak from the space between the door and electrical mitad and stove.
3. Do the electrical mitad and stove leakage test?
A. Replacement of circuit breaker
1. Disconnect the electrical mitad and stove from the power source.
2. When 25A circuit breaker blows out by the operation of switch failure, replace switch, and
power relay.
3. When the above three switches operate properly, check if any other part such as the control
circuit board, blower motor or high voltage transformer is defective.

5.2. Testing and cleaning reassembled units.

5.2.1. Cleaning and Care
1. Turn off the electric mitad and unplug the power cord from the wall when cleaning.
2. Keep the inside of the mitad clean. When food splatters or spilled liquids adhere to mitad
walls, wipe with a damp cloth. Mild detergents may be used if the stove gets very dirty. Avoid
using spray or other harsh cleaners. They may stain, streak or dull the door surface.
3. The outside of the mitad or stove should be cleaned with a damp cloth. To prevent
damage to the operating parts inside the stove or mitad, water should not be allowed to seep into
the ventilation openings.
4. Wipe the door and window on sides, the door seals and adjacent parts frequently with a
damp cloth to remove any spills or spatters. Do not use abrasive cleaner.
5. A steam cleaner is not be used.
6. Do not allow the control panel to become wet. Clean with a soft, damp cloth. When cleaning
the control panel, leave stove door open to prevent mitad and stove from accidentally turning on.

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7. If steam accumulates inside or around the outside of the oven door, wipe with a soft
cloth. This may occur when the electric mitad and stove is operated under high humidity
condition. And it is normal.

5.2.2. Making measurements/Testing inside mitad and stove

WARNING: In general, I DO NOT recommends making any sorts of measurements on the high
voltage components of a live electric mitad and stove. I only include this section for those who
really want to know the details.
You may be tempted to break out your Radio Shack DMM and start poking away inside a live
electric mitad and stove. DON'T! This isn't like a CD player! Most of the time, no measurements
of any kind on the oven while it is operating will be needed to identify and correct the problem.
However, where this is not the case, here are some guidelines to a long life:
WARNING: ALWAYS pull the plug and discharge the HV capacitor BEFORE doing anything
inside! Never be tempted to make any changes of any kind while the oven is on - not even if your
meter is being consumed by 5 foot flames!
 High voltages - DON’T even think about this unless you have a proper high voltage probe or
meter, or a proper electric mitad and stove tester - AND KNOW HOW TO USE IT
SAFELY. Even professionals have been killed performing measurements of this type using
proper equipment! Luckily, current measurements can provide enough information to help
make a diagnosis.
WARNING: The high voltage components inside an electric mitad and stove are at a
NEGATIVE potential with respect to the chassis. DO NOT be tempted to interchange the probe
and ground wire if you are using a high voltage probe on a meter with a POSITIVE input (e.g.,
for testing) and no polarity switch! The ground cable doesn't have anywhere near the required
insulation. Get the proper equipment! With this set at a MAXIMUM of 10 percent, the voltage
on the filament terminals should read from -220 to -250 V with respect to the chassis. A scope
can also be used if it has a proper 10:1 probe as long as you aren't tempted to turn up the Variac
any higher! The scope waveform should be close to a sinusoid with its positive tips at 0 V. Such
reduced voltage tests won't identify problems that only occur at full voltage, however.

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 1.3. Compiling documentations.
1.3.1. Introduction Maintenance documentation
It is a record or the capturing of some event or thing so that the information will not be lost.
Service contract or in-house preventive maintenance is documented. This documentation is
required for annual maintenance. Maintenance performed at other times, with the exception of
routine cleaning, is documented.
The documentation includes:
 description of the maintenance;
 date it was done; and
 name of the service representative and company, or name of
 The analyst if maintenance provided internally.

1.3.2. Repair equipment is documented.

A. The documentation includes:
 initials of the analyst, and the date the problem was observed,
 description of the problem;
 date and initials of the analyst or service represent at performing the repair;
 synopsis of the repair; and
 Cost of repair, copy of the invoice and any additional information (not required).
B. Reading the service manual
It is difficult to repair any piece of complicated equipment without some service literature. It is
possible to repair electronic equipment without the service manual, but it can be very time-
consuming. You can lose a lot of valuable servicing time if you are without a good service
manual. The service manual is a set of document prepared by the manufacturer to help the
service technician to repair or service that set of equipment. A well written manual is the best
servicing aid. It contains the following information:
 Describe how a circuit works
 Block diagram of the equipment
 Circuit diagrams
 Signal and voltage test points
 Adjustment procedure

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  List of accessories
 List of spare parts with the part numbers, values, tolerances and ratings
 Fault diagnosis steps, generally in the form of flow charts
 Preventive maintenance layout
 Safety precautions to be observed while handling the equipment.
A service manual can be very expensive, but it is worth the investment. With the help of a
service manual, a service technician or engineer can:
 Align, calibrate and test the equipment correctly to get the optimum output
 Locate a fault quickly
 Use the correct replacement part Conduct preventive maintenance correctly
By using the right service manual, as well as with the assistance of good tools, testing equipment
and your own experience, you are set to multiply your troubleshooting power!!!

5.3. Disposing waste materials.

5.3.1. Introduction discarding of waste

Electronic waste (sometimes called e-waste) is a term used to describe electronics that are
nearing the end of their useful life and are discarded, donated, or recycled. Although donating
and recycling electronic devices conserves natural resources, you may still choose to dispose of
e-waste by contacting your local landfill and requesting a designated e-waste drop off location.
Be aware that although there are many options for disposal, it is your responsibility to ensure that
the location chosen is reputable and certified

5.3.2. Disposal of E-waste is electronic waste.

This includes old computers and their components, cell phones, digital cameras and other
electronic gadgets. There often are heavy metals and other hazardous components inside the
electronics that require special care when disposing of them. They may also have personal
information on the hard drives that can be copied, putting your identity at risk. This will require
preparing the items for disposal.

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Contact the manufacturer of the product and ask if it accepts e-waste for disposal. Apple, for
example, will accept your old computer for disposal when you purchase a new one from them.
Some manufacturers accept other brands' e-waste for a small fee.
Contact a nearby electronics retailer and inquire into its disposal programs. Best buy in its stores
such small items as cell phone batteries and hosts recycling weekends for e-waste. Other retailers
also offer similar programs.
Contact your city, county or private waste management office. Many offer e-waste programs or
have e-waste events for customers. Contact private waste companies and recyclers to see if they
accept e-waste. Research donation options. Such charities as Goodwill may accept your old
electronics and computers as a donation. Some cell phone companies accept old phones and then
donate them. Prepare your item for disposal. Remove any memory cards from phones or
cameras. Reset the memory on the phone following the instructions in your model's manual.
Erase everything on your computer's hard drive. Some recyclers will do this for you, but inquire
about this service before bringing your e-waste to them.

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Self-Check – 4.1

Test I: short Answer writing

Instruction: write short answer for the given question. You are provided 4 minute
for each question and each point has 5 Points.
1. Necessary tools and test instruments
2. What is Personal Protective Equipment?
3. write six point technique used on complex faults testing system
Test II: Say True or False
1. During measuring electric mitad and stove current Place a 10 ohm 230v resistor in
series.
2. If it is around 10 ohm 10 watt resistor this range, the magnetron is probably fine.
3. If it is very low or 110v, electric mitad and stove is bad or not working.

Test III: Choose the best answer from the give alternative given below.
1. Which one is not correct to repair electric mitad and stove Before Servicing?
A. Disconnect the power supply cord B. Open the door and block it open
C. Discharge high voltage capacitor D. Remove outer case E. None
2. Which of the following items should be checked after the unit is repaired: Except,
A. The interlock monitor switch is connected
B. The stove gasket is properly positioned and mounted.
C. No electric mitad energy leakage
D. The door can be properly closed E. None

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Operation sheet 4.1. Conduct an electric mitad and stove leakage test

Operation Title: perform different leakage test for electric mitad and stove.
Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required perform different
leakage test for electric mitad and stove for safe performance using service manuals and service
information
Instruction: Given necessary, workshop, tools and materials and equipment‟s you are required
to perform Door Seals, Door Class, Cabinet Vents, And Power Cord to Assure the stove Is In
Compliance With the Performance Standard for electric mitad and stove.

Tools and materials

 electric mitad and stove as selected by instructor

 electric mitad and stove radiation detection meter as selected by instructor
 electric mitad and stove radiation detection probe for selected radiation detection meter
 Nine volt battery
 Operator's manual for selected meter and probe
 sixteen-ounce measuring beaker
 Pencil and paper
 Safety glasses

Procedure you follow to do it

STEP- 1: Put on: safety glasses
STEP- 2: Fill a beaker with 9 ounces of water that is about room temperature
STEP- 3: Place the load (the water) into the oven cavity and close the oven door
STEP- 4: Prepare your multi - meter as outlined in a previous job sheet
STEP- 5: Turn the fangs selector switch on the RF meter to the correct position
STEP- 6: Turn this electric mitad and stove ON
STEP- 7: Pick up the meter in one hand and the test probe with the spacer cone in the other
STEP- 8: Start at the upper left hand corner of the door seal %/it‟s the tip of the spacer cone
slightly touching the door edge (Figure 1).
STEP- 9: Move the tip of the probe slowly across the top edge of the door until you reach a
point where you get a reading

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LAP Test 4.1. Perform different leakage test for electric mitad and stove
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools, materials and equipment you are required to
perform test the electric mitad and stove for safe performance for the following tasks within
5 hour

Task -1: Set the multiplier range at X10 and check the power cord at the point where it enters
the oven cabinet
Task -2: Check all vents, air ducts, or any other openings in the oven cabinet at the X10 range,
and if you don't get a reading, switch to the X1 range
Task -3: Record all readings in the appropriate chart in Figure 2 that accompanies this job
sheet
Task -4: Turn the digital multi - meter OFF
Task -5: Turn the microwave oven OFF and unplug the power cord to the oven 0 Have your
instructor check your charts in Figure 2
Task -6: Remove the spacer cone from the probe and the probe from the meter and replace
everything in the meter carrying case
Task -7: Turn the digital multi-meter to proper storage and double-check the work area to
make certain everything is in order.

Precautions: select necessary templates, tools, materials and equipment before performing
different leakage test electric mitad and stove for Safe Performance on the given format.

Quality Criteria: the given performing different leakage test electric mitad and stove
For Safe Performance is with correct specification

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References
1. Mulugeta, B.; Demissie, S.W.; and Nega, D.T. (2017). Design, optimization and CFD
simulation of improved biogas burner for „Injera‟ baking in Ethiopia. International Journal of
Engineering Research &Technology, 6(1), 58-64.
2. DANAS Electrical Engineering (2015). Project document on electric Injera mitad: Energy
efficiency standards and labeling, 12-24.
3. EEPC. (2014). Ethiopian power system expansion master plan study. Final Report, (2): Load
Forecast Report & Distributed Load Forecast Report. Prepared for Ethiopian Electric Power
Corporation (EEPC), Ethiopian Electric Utility Consumption Data.
4. MoFED. (2014). Growth and transformation plan: Annual Progress Report for F.Y. 2012/13.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED), Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia, 50-52.
5. Tafere, A.T (2011). Experimental investigation on performance characteristics and efficiency
of electric injera baking pans (Mitad). Master Thesis, Addis Ababa University School of
Graduate Studies Institute of Technology Energy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
6. Kebede, D.; and Kiflu, A. (2014). Design of biogas stove for injera baking application.
International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science, 1(1), 6-21.
7. Tesfay, A.H.; Kahsay, M.B.; and Nydal, O.J. (2014). Solar powered heat storage for injera
baking in Ethiopia. Energy Procedia, 57, 1603-1612.
8. Jones, R.; Diehl, J.C.; Simons, L.; and Verwaal, M. (2017). The development of an energy
efficient electric Mitad for baking injeras in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the 25th International
Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy: Towards Sustainable Energy Solutions for the
Developing World. Cape Town, South Africa, 75-82.
9. Fenta, F.; and Oquiño, V.H. (2019). Design and development of Electromagnetic
induction injera Mitad. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),
6(5), 12-17.
10. Teshome, F.; Messele, E.; and Kolhe, K.P. (2019). Development and testing of improved
double skirt rocket stove for reducing emission level of carbon monoxide, ICAST 2019 Springer,
537-547.
11. Kolhe, K.P.; and Datta C.K. (2007). Prediction of microstructure and mechanical properties
of multipass SAW. Journal of Material Processing Technology, 197(1-3), 241- 249.
12. Kolhe K.P. (2015). Testing of tractor mounted and self propelled coconut climber for
coconut harvesting. World Journal of Engineering, 12(4), 399-406.
13. Kolhe K.P. (2015). Stability analysis of tractor mounted hydraulic elevator for horticultural
orchards. World Journal of Engineering, 12 (5), 479-488.
14. Hart, G.H.; and Whitaker, T. (2008). Insulation materials: Calcium silicate block and pipe.
Retrieved September 1, 2008, from https://insulation.org/io/ articles/insulation-materials-
calcium-silicate-block-and-pip

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 The trainers who developed the Module (training material) preparation

No Name Qualification Educational Region College Mobile E-mail

background number
B.SC -Applied Electrical/Electronic
Technology
1 Tesfahun Ayalew Denigdine BGRS Assosa poly 0912132308 [email protected]
M.Sc. -Electronics and comm Eng. TVET College
B.Sc - Applied Electrical/Electronic
Technology
2 Yidnekachew Regassa Hirpa Harari Harari poly 0910343909 [email protected]
M.Sc. - Electronic & communication TEVETCollege
Technology

B.SC – Electrical/Electronic Technology w/sihen Poly

TVET College
3 Mohammed Seid Hussen M.Sc – in electrical & communication Ahmara 0913174837 [email protected]
Techno.mag,t
BS.C - Electronic & communication
Technology.
4 Berihun Belaynew mesganaw Oromia A. Mulugata 0912836044 [email protected]
Boli Poly
TVET
Collge