GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

(This subject-specific section will be preceded by General Aptitude section in GATE 2024).

Q.1 – Q.25 Carry ONE mark each.

Q.1 Let 𝑏 be the branching factor of a search tree. If the optimal goal is reached
after 𝑑 actions from the initial state, in the worst case, how many times will the
initial state be expanded for iterative deepening depth first search (IDDFS) and
iterative Deepening A* search (IDA*)?

(A) IDDFS - 𝑑, IDA* -𝑑.

(B) IDDFS - 𝑑, IDA* -𝑏 .

(C) IDDFS - 𝑏 , IDA* -𝑑.

(D) IDDFS - 𝑏 , IDA* -𝑏 .

Q.2 Given 3 literals 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶, the number of models for the sentence 𝐴 ∨ ¬𝐵 ∨ 𝐶
is ________ .

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.3 Which one of the following first order logic sentences matches closest with the
sentence “All students are not equal”?

(A) ∀𝑥 ∃𝑦[𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑥) ∧ 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑦)] ⇒ ¬𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙(𝑥, 𝑦)

∀𝑥 ∀𝑦[𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑥) ∧ 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑦)] ⇒ ¬𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙(𝑥, 𝑦)

(B)

∀𝑥 ∃𝑦[𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑥) ∧ 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑦) ∧ ¬𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙(𝑥, 𝑦)]

(C)

∀𝑥 ∀𝑦[𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑥) ∧ 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑦) ∧ ¬𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙(𝑥, 𝑦)]

(D)

Q.4 The mean of the observations of the first 50 observations of a process is 12. If
the 51st observation is 18, then, the mean of the first 51 observations of the
process, rounded off to two decimal places is ______ .

(A) 12.01

(B) 12.12

(C) 12.36

(D) 18.18

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.5 The value of lim √

𝑥−√2
is
→ 𝑥−2

(A) 0

(B)
√2

(C)
√

(D)
√

Q.6 Which among the following typically reduces overfitting in a supervised

machine learning algorithm?

i) Increase model complexity.

ii) Reduce model complexity.
iii) Increase the number of training points.
iv) Reduce the number of training points.

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iii

(C) ii and iii

(D) i, ii, iii and iv

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.7 A fair coin is flipped twice, and it is given that at least one tail has been
observed. The probability of getting two tails is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Q.8 Given n particles and m (> n) boxes, we place each particle in one of the boxes
uniformly at random. What is the probability that no box receives more than
one particle?

(A) 𝑛!
(𝑚 − 𝑛)! 𝑚

(B) 𝑚!
(𝑚 − 𝑛)! 𝑚

(C) 1
𝑚

(D) (𝑚 − 𝑛)!
𝑚!

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.9 For two events 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐴, which one of the following is correct?

(A) 𝑃(𝐵 | 𝐴) ≥ 𝑃(𝐵)

(B) 𝑃(𝐵 | 𝐴) ≤ 𝑃(𝐵)

(C) 𝑃(𝐴 | 𝐵) < 1

(D) 𝑃(𝐴 | 𝐵) = 0

X is a random variable with support [-2,2][99.5,100.5]. The PDF of X is such

Q.10
that it is equal to a constant c inside its support and 0 outside. The expected
value of X is ________ .

Q. 11 A binary classification dataset contains only 5% of positive instances. Which

one of the following experimental design and performance measures is most
suited for measuring the generalizability of a classifier trained on this dataset?

(A) fixed training and test sets, accuracy

(B) fixed training and test sets, area under the ROC curve

(C) stratified cross-validation, accuracy

(D) stratified cross-validation, area under the ROC curve

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.12 Increasing the regularisation coefficient value in ridge regression will typically

i) Increase the bias of the resulting model.

ii) Decrease the bias of the resulting model.
iii) Increase the variance of the resulting model.
iv) Decrease the variance of the resulting model.

Which of the following statements are correct?

(A) i and iii only

(B) i and iv only

(C) ii and iii only

(D) ii and iv only

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.13 A decision tree classifier learned from a fixed training set achieves 100%
accuracy on the test set. Which of the following algorithms trained using the
same training set is guaranteed to give a model with 100% accuracy?

i) Logistic regression.
ii) An SVM with a polynomial kernel.
iii) k-Nearest neighbours.
iv) Naïve Bayes classifier.

(A) i only

(B) i and ii only

(C) i, ii, iii and iv

(D) iv only

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Consider two relations R(x, y) and S(x,z). Relation R has 100 records, and
Q.14 relation S has 200 records. What will be the number of attributes and records of
the following query?

SELECT * from R CROSS JOIN S;

(A) 3 attributes, 20000 records

(B) 4 attributes, 20000 records

(C) 3 attributes, 200 records

(D) 4 attributes, 200 records

Q.15 Consider two relations R(x, y) and S(y), and perform the following operation

R(x,y) DIVIDE S(Y)

If X is the relation returned by the above operation, which of the following

option(s) is/are always TRUE?

(A) |𝑋| ≤ |𝑅|

(B) |𝑋| ≤ |𝑆|

(C) |𝑋| ≤ |𝑅| AND |𝑋| ≤ |𝑆|

(D) |𝑋| > |𝑅|

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.16
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) Every relation in BCNF is also in 3NF.

(B) Every relation with two attributes is in BCNF.

(C) No relation can be in both BCNF and 3NF.

(D) Every relation in 3NF is also in BCNF.

9 −2
For matrix 𝐻 = , one of the eigenvalues is 5. The other eigenvalue is
Q.17 −2 6

(A) 12

(B) 10

(C) 8

(D) 6

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q. 18 Two non-zero vectors x and y are perpendicular if

(A) xT y = 0

(B) xT y > 0

(C) xT y < 0

(D) xT y ≠ 0

Q. 19 The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 has a

(A) Saddle point at x = ‒0.5

(B) Maxima at x = ‒0.5

(C) Minima at x = ‒0.5

(D) 𝑓 (𝑥) ≠ 0 at x = ‒0.5

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
What is the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between x and y for the data in the
Q. 20 table below? (rounded off to the first decimal place)
x y
‒6 6.4
2 4.7
0.2 8
7 2
‒4 3.4

(A) ‒0.5

(B) 0.5

(C) 0.3

(D) ‒0.3

Q.21 The worst-case running times of Insertion sort, Merge sort and Quick sort
respectively are

(A) O(𝑛 log 𝑛), O(𝑛 ), O(𝑛 )

(B) O(𝑛 ), O(𝑛 log 𝑛), O(𝑛 log 𝑛)

(C) O(𝑛 ), O(𝑛 log 𝑛), O(𝑛 )

(D) O(𝑛 ), O(𝑛 ), O(𝑛 log 𝑛)

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Consider the following program.
Q.22
def func(n):

if n <= 1:
return n
else:
return 3 * func(n - 3) - 3 * func(n - 2)

The running time of the above function is

(A) O(n)

(B) O(𝑛 )

(C) O(𝑛 log 𝑛)

(D) O(2 )

Which one of the following equations correctly describes the recurrence relation
Q.23 for the standard binary search algorithm on a sorted array of n numbers where c
is a constant?

(A) T(n) = 2T(n/2) + c

(B) T(n) = T(n/2)

(C) T(n) = T(n-1) + c

(D) T(n) = T(n/2) + c

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Consider the following python program
Q.24
def func(A, n, m):
s = A[0]
for i in range(1, n-1):
m = m * s + A[i]
return m

Let Z be an array of 10 elements with Z[i] = 2 for all i such that 0<=i<=9.
The value returned by func(Z,10,2) is ________.

Q.25 Two eigenvalues of 3 x 3 real matrix X are (1 + i) and 2.

The determinant of the matrix is _____.

Q.26 – Q.55 Carry TWO marks each.

Given the following relation instances

Q.26
X Y Z

1 4 2

1 5 3

1 4 3

1 5 2

3 2 1

Which of the following conditions is/are TRUE?

(A) XY → Z and Z → Y

(B) YZ → X and X → Y

(C) Y → X and X → Y

(D) XZ → Y and Y → X

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.27 Consider the search space depicted in the figure below.

S is the initial state. G1 and G2 are two states that satisfy the goal test. The cost
of traversing from one state to another is depicted by the numerical value close
to the edge connecting the two states. The estimated cost to the goal is reported
inside the states. Use alphabetical order of nodes to break ties. Which goal state
is reached if you perform A* (graph) search? What is the largest value that the
heuristic function can take for node A while still being admissible?

(A) G1 and 16

(B) G1 and 15

(C) G2 and 16

(D) G2 and 15

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.28 Given a 𝐾-class dataset containing 𝑁 points, where sample points are described
using 𝐷 discrete features with each feature capable of taking 𝑉 values, how
many parameters need to be estimated for Naïve Bayes Classifier?

(A) 𝑉 𝐾

(B) 𝐾

(C) 𝑉𝐷𝐾 + K

(D) 𝐾(𝑉 + 𝐷)

Q.29 A maximum margin linear SVM (SVM1) is learned for a binary classification
task. Another maximum margin linear SVM (SVM2) is trained for the same
task using the same training set but with one of the non-support vectors of
SVM1 removed. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) Margin of SVM1 > Margin of SVM2

(B) Margin of SVM2 > Margin of SVM1

(C) Margin of SVM1 = Margin of SVM2

(D) No conclusion can be drawn between the margins of SVM1 and SVM2

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.30 For perfectly spherical 2D data centered at the origin, which all of the following
pairs of vectors are possible pairs of principal components?

i) (1, 0) and (0, 1)

ii) (0, -1) and (-1, 0)
iii) (1, 1) and (1, 0)

(A) i only

(B) i and iii only

(C) i, ii, and iii only

(D) i and ii only

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.31 Consider the game tree shown below.

The value below each node is the output of the utility function. The subtrees
rooted at which of these nodes will be pruned because of alpha-beta pruning?

(A) m and j

(B) r and j

(C) h and p

(D) no nodes are pruned

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.32 Consider the Bayes Net containing four Boolean random variables (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 , 𝐷),
with the following convention:
𝐴 = 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 ⇒ 𝐴 = 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 = 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 ⇒ 𝐴 = ¬𝑎
and similarly for the other variables. The conditional probability tables for the
nodes in the network are also indicated in the figure. The following samples
were generated through likelihood weighting:

𝑠 : (¬𝑎, ¬𝑏, ¬𝑐, ¬𝑑); 𝑠 : (¬𝑎, 𝑏, ¬𝑐, ¬𝑑); 𝑠 : (¬𝑎, ¬ 𝑏, ¬𝑐, 𝑑); 𝑠 : (¬𝑎, 𝑏, ¬𝑐, 𝑑)
Estimate the likelihood weight of each sample and thereby estimate
𝑃(𝑏|¬𝑎, ¬𝑐)

(A) 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑃(𝑏|¬𝑎, ¬𝑐) = 0.4

(B) 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑃(𝑏|¬𝑎, ¬𝑐) = 0.64

(C) 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑃(𝑏|¬𝑎, ¬𝑐) = 0.64

(D) 𝑠 : 0.48, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑠 : 0.32, 𝑃(𝑏|¬𝑎, ¬𝑐) = 0.4

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.33 X is a uniformly distributed random variable from 0 to 1

1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) =
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

The variance of X is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Q.34 The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + ⋯ + 2026𝑥 .

Which of the following statement is true?

(A) f(x) has a global minimum.

(B) f(x) has a global maximum.

(C) f(x) does not have a global minimum.

(D) f(x) is not continuous.

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.35 Consider the following statements:

(P): A smooth twice differentiable function can have a global minimum.

(Q): All smooth twice differentiable functions have a global minimum.

(A) P and Q are true.

(B) P is true and Q is false.

(C) P is false and Q is true.

(D) P and Q are false.

Consider the following joint distribution of random variables X and Y:

Q.36
𝑥(1 + 3𝑦 )
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
4
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

Which of the following is the conditional pdf of X|Y?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.37 For the matrix 𝐻 =

3 −1
, one of the eigenvectors is [−1 − 1 ] .
−1 3
The other eigenvector is

(A) [1 − 1 ]

(B) [1 1 ]

(C) [1 0 ]

(D) [0 1 ]

The following statements are made regarding a matrix Am x n.

Q.38
P. The column space is orthogonal to the row space.

Q. The column space is orthogonal to the left null space.

R. The row space is orthogonal to the null space.

T. The null space is orthogonal to the left null space.

Which of the following statements are true?

(A) P and Q only

(B) P and R only

(C) Q and R only

(D) P and T only

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.39 0 1 0
Consider a matrix 𝑎 2 𝑑 . The matrix cannot have rank
𝑏 3 𝑐

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) 3

Q.40 A file with 100,000 records is indexed with B+ tree. If the size of a memory
block is 2K bytes, the size of a key is 4 bytes, the size of a pointer is 4 bytes,
the minimum possible height of the B+ tree index is ______. Height is always
greater than or equal to 1.

Hints: No records are stored in the nodes, only keys are stored. The sizes of the
pointers are same, irrespective of whether they point to a node or a record.

Q.41 Consider a schema R(A, B, C, D, E, F) and functional dependencies

A → B, C → D, and E → F. The number of superkeys of this schema is _____.

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.42 Given the dataset: (1, 1), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6), (9, 9), (0, 3), (3, 0) and
assuming the initial centroids for (𝐾 = 3 – means clustering) to be
𝐶 = (3, 3), 𝐶 = (5, 5) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = (6, 6). One iteration of the Expectation
Maximization Algorithm for 𝐾-means clustering, will update 𝐶 to (a, a). The
value of a is ____ .

Q.43 Consider a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model with one hidden layer and one
output layer. The hidden layer has 10 neurons, and the output layer has 3 neurons.
The input to the MLP is a 5-dimensional vector. Each neuron is connected to
every neuron in the previous layer, and a bias term is included for each neuron.
The activation function used is the sigmoid function. The total number of
trainable parameters in this MLP model is ______.

Q.44 A company is manufacturing a product at the rate of P units per day. The cost
per unit in Rs is 𝐶 = 230 + 0.1𝑃 + 9000/𝑃. The selling prices per unit is Rs.
300. The production level minimizing the cost per unit and the total profit per
day, respectively, are

(A) 290, 3000

(B) 150, 2500

(C) 290, 2500

(D) 150, 3000

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
A class contains 60% of students who are incapable of changing their opinions
Q.45 about anything, and 40% of students are changing their minds at random, with
probability 0.3, between subsequent votes on the same issue. Then, the
probability of a student randomly chosen voted twice in the same way is
_______.

Consider the grid world shown in the figure below.

Q.46

An agent is planning to move from the starting location (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) to the final

location 𝑥 , 𝑦 . The obstacles along the path are triangular in form. Consider
the following heuristic functions to conduct A* search.

− ℎ assumes the obstacles are the smallest circles circumscribing the triangles.
− ℎ assumes the obstacles are smallest rectangles circumscribing the triangles.
− ℎ ′ assumes the obstacles are largest circles inscribed in the triangles.
− ℎ ′ assumes the obstacles are largest rectangles inscribed the triangles.

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?

(A) ℎ is an admissible heuristic

(B) ℎ is an admissible heuristic
(C) ℎ ′ is an admissible heuristic
(D) ℎ ′ is an admissible heuristic

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Let {O1, O2, O3, O4} represent the possible outcomes of a random experiment,
Q.47 with Pr({O1}) = Pr({O2}) = Pr({O3}) = Pr({O4}). Consider the following
events: P = {O1,O2}, Q = {O2,O3}, R = {O3,O4}, S = {O1,O2,O3}.
Then, which of the following statements are true?
(A) P and Q are independent

(B) P and Q are not independent

(C) R and S are independent

(D) Q and S are not independent

Consider the matrix X whose eigenvalues are 1, ‒1 and 3. The Trace of X3 -

Q.48 3X2 is _______.

Q.49 What is the output of the following python program?

i=1
j=1
for i in range(1, 11):
if i % 3 != 0:
j += 2
continue
if j % 3 == 0:
break
print(i + j)

(A) 3

(B) 5

(C) 12

(D) 15

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Assume that S is a stack and Q1 and Q2 are two Queues which support the
Q.50 Enqueue and Dequeue operations. Consider the following pseudo code for
implementing the Pop and Push operation on S. [Note: Swap(x,y) exchanges
the two queues x and y.]

Push(S,x)
A(Q2,x)
while(Q1 not empty)
B(Q2, C(Q1));
Swap(Q1, Q2)

Pop(S)
return(D(Q1))
Which of the following options for the functions A, B, C, and D correspond to
correctly implementing the Push and Pop operations on the stack S?

(A) A,B - Enqueue C,D - Dequeue

(B) A,C - Enqueue B, D - Dequeue

(C) A,C - Dequeue B,D- Enqueue

(D) A,D - Enqueue B,C - Dequeue

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Consider the following python program.
Q.51 import math
def fun(a, b, d):
n1 = 0
n2 = 0
flag = 1
for i in range(d):
n1 = n1 + (a[i] * a[i])
n2 = n2 + (b[i] * b[i])
for i in range(d):
a[i] = a[i]/math.sqrt(n1)
b[i] = b[i]/math.sqrt(n2)
for i in range(d):
if a[i] != b[i]:
flag = 0
break
return flag
For which of the following inputs does the above algorithm produce 1 as an
output?
(P) a = [1,2,3,4]; b = [3,4,5,6], d = 4
(Q) a = [1,2,3,4]; b = [2,4,6,8], d = 4
(R) a = [1,2,3,4]; b = [10,20,30,40], d = 4
(S) a = [1,2,3,4]; b = [1.1,2.1,3.1,4.1], d = 4

(A) P, Q, R, S

(B) Q, R, S only

(C) Q, R only

(D) R, S only

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper
Consider the following undirected graph on 5 nodes
Q.52

Assume you are performing breadth first search on this graph using a queue
data structure. How many unique breadth first orderings are possible?

(A) 9

(B) 24

(C) 48

(D) 120

Let S2 be the variance of a random sample of size 𝑛 > 1 from a normal

Q.53 population with an unknown mean 𝜇 and an unknown finite variance 𝜎2.
Consider the following statements:
(I) S2 is an unbiased estimator of 𝜎2, and 𝑆 is an unbiased estimator of 𝜎.

𝑛−1
(II) (n-1/n) S2 is a maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜎2, and 𝑛
𝑆 is a

maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜎. Which of the above statements is true?

(A) (I) only

(B) (II) only

(C) Both (I) and (II)

(D) Neither (I) nor (II)

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GATE 2024 -- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) -- Sample Question Paper

Q.54 The value of the real variable x ≥ 0, which maximizes the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑒 is_____. (rounded off to two decimal places)

Consider the following relational schema:

Q.55
employee(empId,empName,empDept)

customer(custId,custName,salesRepId,rating)

salesRepId is a foreign key referring to empId of the employee relation.

Assume that each employee makes a sale to at least one customer. What does
the following query return?

SELECT empName

FROM employee E

WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT custId

FROM customer C

WHERE C.salesRepId = E.empId

AND C.rating <> ’GOOD’);

(A) Names of all the employees with at least one of their customers having a
‘GOOD’ rating.

(B) Names of all the employees with at most one of their customers having a
‘GOOD’ rating.

(C) Names of all the employees with none of their customers having a ‘GOOD’
rating.

(D) Names of all the employees with all their customers having a ‘GOOD’ rating.

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

DA
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