2/1/2023

Containers

What is Container?
Containers
• Operating-System-Level Virtualization
• Allows to run multi-tenant user space instances within a different
context than that of the host Operating System
– Allow us to be able to create “images” of an application runtime and
then run one or many “instances” of that image on our systems
– Even if the Host does not have the required software installed to
actually run the application inside the image
– The requirements are shipped along with the Image

1
 2/1/2023

What is Container?
Containers
• Operating-System-Level Virtualization

What is Container?
• Containers is a lightweight virtualization technology acting
as an alternative to hypervisor virtualization
– Bundle any application in a container and run it without
thinking of dependencies, libraries, and binaries
– All containers share the same host operating system
– Multiple containers get created for every type of application
making them faster but without wasting the resources

2
 2/1/2023

What is Container?
• Supports multiple containers with different application
requirements and dependencies to run on the same host
– As long as they have the same operating system requirements

Before Container
The problem
• Assume three different Python-based applications that needs
to be hosted on a single server (which could either be a
physical or a virtual machine)
– Each of these applications makes use of a different version of
Python, as well as the associated libraries and dependencies, differ
from one application to another
– Since we cannot have different versions of Python installed on the
same machine
• This prevents us from hosting all three applications on the same
computer

3
 2/1/2023

Before Docker
The Solution
• Three physical machines, or a single physical machine,
which is powerful enough to host and run three virtual
machines on it
• Both the options would allow us to install different versions
of Python on each of these machines, along with their
associated dependencies

Virtual Machines Vs Container

• A VM is an abstraction of a machine (from its physical hardware)
• We can run multiple VMs in a single physical machines using a
special kind of program called a hypervisor
– Multiple hypervisors in the market: like VirtualBox, or Vmware, hyper-V
• Each VM can run its own software (even the OS)

4
 2/1/2023

Virtual Machines Vs Container

Virtual Machines Vs Container

• Problems with VMs are that:
– Each VM needs its own OS
– Slow to start
– Resource intensive (each VM takes up a slice of the hardware)
• A container is an isolated environment for running an
application, just as a VM. Differences are that
– All share the OS of the host and are therefore, more lightweight
– Start up very quickly
– Use up less hardware resources

5
 2/1/2023

What is Docker?
• Docker is a containerization platform that packages your
application and all its dependencies together in the form of
containers to ensure that your application works seamlessly in
any environment
• Docker is a software platform that simplifies the process of
building, running, managing and distributing applications
– It does this by virtualizing the operating system of the computer on
which it is installed and running

What is Docker?
• A Docker Container have a virtual copy of the process table,
network interface(s), and the file system mount point(s)
– These have been inherited from the operating system of the host
on which the container is hosted and running
– Whereas the kernel of the host’s operating system is shared
across all the containers that are running on it
– This allows each container to be isolated from the other present
on the same host

6
 2/1/2023

Core Components of Docker

Docker Engine

Core Components of Docker

Docker Engine
• Responsible for the overall functioning of the Docker platform
• A client-server based application and consists of 3 main
components
– Server – Docker daemon
– REST API
– Client – Docker CLI

7
 2/1/2023

Core Components of Docker

Docker Engine
• The Server runs a daemon known as dockerd (Docker
Daemon), which is nothing but a process
– Responsible for creating and managing Docker Images,
Containers, Networks and Volumes on the Docker platform

• The REST API specifies how the applications can interact with
the Server, and instruct it to get their job done
• The Client is nothing but a command line interface, that
allows users to interact with Docker using the commands

Docker Architecture

8
 2/1/2023

Docker Architecture

Docker Architecture
Docker Image
• A recipe/template that contains the application, and all the
dependencies required to run that application on Docker
Docker Container
• A running instance of the Docker Image
Docker Registry
• A repository for Docker images which is used for creating
Docker containers
• We can use a local/private registry or the Docker hub,
which is the most popular social example of a Docker
repository

9
 2/1/2023

What is Docker Hub?

• Docker Hub is the official online repository where you could
find all the Docker Images that are available to use
• Docker Hub also allows us to store and distribute our custom
images as well if we wish to do so
– We could also make them either public or private, based on our
requirements

Docker Editions
• Docker is available in 2 different editions, as listed below:
– Community Edition (CE)
– Enterprise Edition (EE)

• The Community Edition is suitable for individual developers

and small teams. It offers limited functionality, in comparison
to the Enterprise Edition
• The Enterprise Edition, on the other hand, is suitable for large
teams and for using Docker in production environments

10
 2/1/2023

Installing Docker

https://docs.docker.com

Docker Commands
docker create
• Allows us to create a new container
docker create IMAGE
Example
$ docker create mysql

• If the container was created successfully, Docker will return

the container ID

11
 2/1/2023

Docker Commands
docker ps
• Allows us to view all the containers that are running on the
Docker Host
$ docker ps

$ docker ps –a
• Display all the containers that were created on this Docker
Host - running or exited

Docker Commands
docker start
• Starts any stopped container(s)
docker start CONTAINER ID/NAME
Example
$ docker start 30986
docker stop
• Stops any running container(s)
docker stop CONTAINER ID/NAME
Example
$ docker start 30986

12
 2/1/2023

Docker Commands
docker run
• First creates the container, and then it starts the
container
• In short, this command is a combination of the docker
create and the docker start command
docker run IMAGE [commands] [arguments]
Example
$ docker run ubuntu

Docker Commands
docker rm
• If we want to delete a container, we use the docker
rm command
docker rm CONTAINER ID/NAME

docker images
• Lists out all the Docker Images that are present on
your Docker Host
$ docker images

13
 2/1/2023

Docker Commands

docker rmi
• Allows us to remove an image(s) from the Docker Host

docker rmi IMAGE NAME/ID

14