A bitsuélas ]

abó n. ashes • adj. grey (color)

abokádo Sp n. avocado
á! intj. an exclamation of sudden abogádo/a Sp n. lawyer, attorney-
recollection at-law (masculine/feminine)
abá! intj. an exclamation of sur- abót n. reach, grasp •
prise, wonder or disgust, emphatic umabot, abutín (um-:-in) v. to
denial reach for. Umabot ka ng ulam.
abaká n. Manila hemp, abaca Reach for the food.
abakáda n. alphabet mag-abot, iabot, abután (mag-
abála n. delay, detention, distur- :i-:-an) v. to hand to. Mag-abot ka
bance • ng pera sa akin kapag suweldo na.
mag-abalá (mag-) v. to trouble Hand me your money when it’s
oneself over something or somebody. payday.
Huwag kang mag-abala. Don’t ábot – umabot, abútan (um-:-an)
trouble yourself (too much). v. overtake, reach. Hindi ko siya
mang-abála (mang-) v. to disturb. maabutan sa pagtakbo. I can not
Nang-abala na naman sila kagabi. overtake her in running.
They caused some disturbance again abreláta Sp n. can-opener [syn.
last night. pambuk´ as ]
abalóryo n. glass beads, bead work abrígo Sp n. wrap, lady’s coat
abaníko n. folding fan [syn. pa- Abríl n. April
mayp´ ay ] abúbot n. knickknacks carried
abánte – iabante (i-) v. to move around
something forward. Iabante mo ang abúloy n. contribution, help fund,
kotse nang kaunti. Move the car relief, aid, subsidy •
forward a little. mag-abuloy, iabuloy (mag-:i-)
umabante (um-) v. to move for- v. to contribute. Mag-abuloy ka sa
ward. Umabante ka nang kaunti. patay. Contribute (some money) for
(You) Move forward a little. the funeral.
abáng – mag-abang, abangán umabuloy, abulúyan (um-:-an) v.
(mag-:-an) v. to wait or watch for to aid. Umabuloy ka sa kanya. Help
someone or some vehicle to come him.
by. Mag-abang ka ng sasakyan. Wait aburído Sp adj. anxious, confused
for a vehicle. Wait for a ride. abusádo Sp adj. abusive
ábay n. companion, best man, abúso Sp n. abuse, maltreatment
bridesmaid • abyadór n. pilot [syn. pil´oto]
umabay (um-) v. to escort, to akála’ n. idea, belief • p.v. to think.
act as best man, maid of honor, Akala ko’y kumain ka na. I thought
bridesmaid at a wedding. Umabay si you had already eaten. •
Pedro sa kasal. Pedro was best man mag-akala’, akaláin (mag-:-in) v.
at the wedding. to believe, to presume, to think, to
abíso n. notice, notification • conceive, to imagine. Huwag kang
mag-abiso, iabiso, abisúhan mag-akalang ako ay taksil. Don’t
(mag-:i-:-an) v. to announce, to get the idea that I’m unfaithful.
inform, to notify. Abisuhan mo si Baka akalain mong ako ay taksil.
Juan ng aking pagdating. Notify You might think I’m unfaithful.
John about my arrival. ákap – mang-akap (mang-) v. to
abitsuéla Sp n. snap bean [var. embrace. Nang-akap siya ng babae.
akásya 2 ágaw
He embraced a woman. panahon. He wasted time. Huwag
umakap, akápin (um-:-in) v. to pag-aksayahan ng panahon ang hindi
embrace (someone). Inakap niya importanting bagay. Don’t waste
ako. He embraced me. time with unimportant things.
mag-akapán (mag-:-an) v. to aksidénte Sp n. accident •
embrace each other. Mag-akapan maaksidente (ma-) v. to meet
kayo ngayon kung kayo’y magkabati. with an accident. Naaksidente siya
Embrace each other now if you are kahapon. He met with an accident
really friends. yesterday.
akásya n. acacia tree, monkeypod ákto Sp umakto (um-) v. to act,
ákay n. person led by the hand • to perform as in a play, to behave.
mag-akay, akáyin (mag-:-in) v. to Umakto siyang baliw sa isang pal-
lead by the hand. Inakay niya ang abas. He took the role of a crazy
bata. He led the child by the hand. person in a play.
umakay (um-) v. to hang-on (for akyát – mag-akyat, iakyat (mag-
support). Umakay siya sa akin. He :i-) v. to carry something up a
hung on to me (for support or guid- height. Mag-akyat ka rito ng isang
ance). baldeng tubig. Bring a pail of water
akbáy – umakbay, akbayán (um- up here.
:-an) v. to put one arm on another umakyat, akyatín (um-:-in) v.
person’s shoulder. Umakbay siya to climb up, to go up something.
sa akin. He put his arm across my Akyatin mo ang punong iyon. Climb
shoulder. that tree.
ákin pron, adj. my, mine adóbo n. a popular Filipino meat
ákit – umakit, mang-akit, akítin dish cooked in vinegar, salt, garlic,
(um-, mang-,-in) v. to charm, to at- pepper and soy sauce
tract, to lure, to entice. Akitin mo adórno Sp n. adornment, decora-
ang mga mamimili sa pamamagitan tion
ng iyong ganda. Attract the buyers mag-adorno, adornohán (mag-
by means of your beauty. :-an) v. to decorate. Nagadorno
aklát n. book [syn. libr´o] siya ng kanyang bagong bahay. He
aklátan n. library decorated his new house.
akó pron. first person singular num- adyós Sp intj. farewell, goodbye
ber pronoun meaning ”I”, ”me” ága – maaga (ma-) adv. early
akmá’ – mag-akma’, iakma’ agáhan n. breakfast [syn. almus´ al ]
(mag-:i-) v. to set something. Iakma agád adv. at once, soon, imme-
mo ang baril. Aim the gun. diately, right away, promptly.
umakma’ (um-) v. to get ready to Tumakbo siya agad. He ran at once.
do something. Umakma siya. He got ágap n. promptness, quickness •
ready (to do something). maagap (ma-) adj. prompt, punc-
aksayá n. wastage • tual, quick •
maaksaya (ma-) adj. wasteful • umagap, agápan (um-:-an) v. to
maaksaya (ma-) v. to be wasted, anticipate, to watch for something,
to go to waste. Baka maaksaya ang to make sure that one gets it. Aga-
tubig. The water might be wasted. pan mo ang mga sariwang gulay sa
mag-aksaya, aksayahín, pag- palengke. Get to market early to get
aksayahán (mag-:-in:pag-an) v. the fresh vegetables.
to squander, to use something ágaw n. sudden snatching away •
wastefully. Nag-aksaya siya ng mang-agaw, agáwin, agáwan
aghám 3 álat
(mang-:-in:-an) v. to snatch, to sister).
grab. Nang-agaw siya ng bag. He alagád n. disciple, follower, apostle,
snatched (somebody’s) bag. helper
umagaw (um-) v. to participate aláhas n. jewelry, jewels
in grabbing. Umagaw ka sa pabitin. alahéro n. jewel maker, jewel
(Get in there and) grab the hanging repairer, merchant
object. alála n. memory, recollection •
aghám n. science alalahánin (-in) v. to worry, to be
ágila n. eagle anxious about something
ágiw n. cobweb makaalala, maalala (maka-:ma-)
ágos n. current • v. to remember someone with
maagos (ma-) adj. having swift something. Aba, nakaalala ka. Ah,
currents • you remembered (him ... with
inagos (-in) v. to be carried away something).
by the current. Inagos ang mga mag-alalá (mag-) v. to worry, to
damit sa ilog. The clothes were be anxious. Huwag kang mag-alala.
carried away by the current in the Don’t worry.
river. alálay – mag-alalay, alaláyan
umagos (um-) v. to flow. Umagos (mag-:-an) v. to take precaution, to
ang tubig. The water flowed. practice moderation or to act mod-
Agósto n. August erately. Alalayan mo ang pagkain.
aguhílya Sp n. hair pin Take it easy on the food or eat
áhas n. snake moderately.
ahédres n. chess umalalay, alaláyan (um-:-an) v.
ahénsiya n. pawnshop, agency to give support. Umalalay siya sa
ahénte n. agent, salesman maysakit. He gave physical support
áhit n. the shaved part, a shaving to the sick (person). Alalayan mo
service • ang maysakit. Support the sick
mag-ahit, ahítin, inahit (mag- (person).
:in) v. to shave. Inahit ni Pedro ang alám n. knowledge •
kanyang balbas. Pedro shaved off his maalam (ma-) adj. knowledgeable,
beard. well-versed •
áhon – mag-ahon, iahon (mag- alamín (-in) p.v. to know, to have
:-in, i-) v. to take something out a knowledge of, to find out. Alamin
of the water. Iahon mo ang bata mo kung ano ang nangyari. Find out
sa tubig. Pull the child out of the what happened.
water. alamáng n. tiny shrimps
umahon (um-) v. to get out of the alamát n. folklore, tradition
water. Umahon na tayo. Let’s get alámbre n. wire
out of the water. alampáy n. shoulder kerchief
álaála n. remembrance, souvenir alangán adj. uncertain, doubtful,
álak n. wine, liquor insufficient, not fitted, unfit, inade-
alakdán n. scorpion quate •
alága’ n. pet, ward, person, animal mag-alangan (mag-) v. to be un-
or thing being taken care of • certain, to be doubtful. Nag-alangan
mag-alaga’, alagáan (mag-:-an) siya sa sasabihin niya. He was
v. to take care of, to raise, to bring uncertain about what he would say.
up. Alagaan mo ang iyong kapatid. alapáap n. clouds
(You) take care of your brother (or alás Sp n. ace (in playing cards).
álay 4 alóg
álat n. saltiness • offensive odor is emanating from the
maalat (ma-) adj. salty • rotten fish.
umalat (um-) v. to become salty. alípin n. slave
Umalat ang niluto ko. My cooking alipungá n. athlete’s foot
became salty. alipustá – mangalipusta, alipus-
álay n. dedication, offering • tahín (mang-:-in) v. to maltreat, to
mag-alay, ialay, aláyan (mag-:i-:- ridicule, to deride, to insult. Nangali-
an) v. to dedicate, to offer. Mag-alay pusta siya ng mahihirap. He insulted
ka ng bulaklak sa Birheng Maria. Of- the poor.
fer flowers to the Virgin Mary. alís n. departure •
alkálde Sp n. mayor mag-alis, alisín (mag-:-in) v. to
alkansiyá Sp n. piggy bank take away, to remove, to deduct.
alkilá Sp n. rent, hire • Alisin mo ang mesa sa kuwarto.
umalkila, alkilahín (um-:in) v. to Remove the table from the room
hire, to rent. Umalkila ka ng bahay. umalis (um-) v. to leave, to depart,
Rent a house. to go away. Umalis siya kahapon.
alkitrán Sp n. tar, pitch, asphalt He left yesterday.
[syn. aspalto] alitaptáp n. firefly
ále n. aunt, step mother, expression alíw n. consolation, comfort •
addressed to a woman, reference to mangaliw, aliwín (mang-:-in) v. to
a woman console, to comfort. Aliwin mo siya.
Alemán n. German Console her.
alikabók n. dust • aliwálas n. clarity, spaciousness •
maalikabok (ma-) adj. dusty maaliwalas (ma-) adj. clear, spa-
aligí n. fat of crabs, shrimps cious, open, well-ventilated
aligíd adj. circling around • almá Sp umalma (-um-) v. to rise
umaligid (um-) v. to circle around, on the hind legs. Umalma ang mailap
to hang around. Umaligid sa kaniya na kabayo. The untamed horse rose
ang maraming tao. Many people on its hind legs.
hovered around him. almirés n. a small stone mortar
alíla’ n. slave, maid, helper, servant almiról Sp laundry starch [var.
alimángo n. a species of crab, big amir´ ol ]
crab almohadón n. cushion
alimásag n. a species of crab with a almuránas Sp n. piles (med.), hem-
spreckled shell orrhoids
alín pron. which, which (one) almusál n. breakfast [syn. ag´ahan ]
alindóg n. personal charm, gor- mag-almusal (mag-) v. to have
geousness breakfast. Mag-almusal tayo ng
alinsángan – maalinsangan (ma-) maaga. Let’s have breakfast early.
adj. warm, hot alók n. offer •
áling adj. a title of familial respect magalok, ialok, alukín (mag-:i-:-
used before the first name of a in) v. to offer, to advertise. Alukin
woman; when the name is not mo siya ng pagkain. Offer him some
appended, the noun form is – ´ale food.
alingásaw n. effusion or emanation alóg n. shaking up •
of an offensive odor • mag-alog, alugín (mag-:-in) v. to
umaalingasaw (-um-) v. to effuse shake the contents of [var. kalug´in ].
or emanate an offensive odor. Alugin mo ang kahon. Shake the
Umaalingasaw ang bulol ng isda. An box.
álon 5 amóy
umalóg (um-) v. to shake. Umalog collective affair •
ang sasakyan. The vehicle shook. mag-ambag, iambag (mag-:i-) v.
álon n. waves • to contribute, to give a share of any
umalon (um-) v. to move like that kind. Mag-ambag tayo para sa mga
of waves. Umalon nang malakas ka- mahihirap. Let’s give something for
hapon sa dagat. The waves on the the poor.
ocean were big yesterday. ambón n. drizzle, light rain, shower
alpás – umalpas, alpasán (um-:- umambon (um-) v. to drizzle, to
an) v. to become free, loose, untied shower lightly. Umambon kahapon. It
(as animals) showered lightly yesterday.
maka-alpas (maka-) v. to be able ambulánsiya Sp n. ambulance
to break loose. Naka-alpas ang amerikána n. suit (for men), sports
bilanggo. The prisoner was able to jacket, coat [syn. dyaket ]
break loose. Amerikáno/a n. American (male /
alpilér n. pin, brooch, safety pin female)
alpómbra n. rug, carpet ámin pron. first person plural
alsá Sp n. a rising, as of dough • number pronoun (exclusive meaning
umalsa (um-) v. to rise. Umalsa – our ours us (exclusive) shows pos-
ang puto. The rice cake rose. session of location where preceded
mag-alsa (mag-) v. to rebel to by sa. Pumunta ka sa amin. Go to
revolt to rise up against to stage a our place.
strike. Nag-alsa sila laban sa mga amínin (-in) v. to admit one’s mis-
dayuhan. They rose up against the take. Aminin mo na ang kasalanan
foreigners. mo. Admit your mistake now.
mag-alsa, alsahín, ialsa (mag-:- amiról n. starch [var. almir´ ol ]
in, i-) v. to lift something. Alsahin ámo n. boss, master, employer, man-
mo ito. Lift this up. ager
altár n. altar, shrine ámo’ n. 1 tameness 2 coaxing, sup-
alulód n. rain pipe, rain gutter, plication •
downspout, drain pipe maamo’ (ma-) adj. tame, not wild
alumpihít adj. wriggling and twist- amúin (-in) v. to placate. Amuin
ing (due to discomfort or pain) mo siya. Placate him.
alupíhan n. centipede umamo’ (um-) v. to become tame,
am n. broth of rice to become domesticated, submissive.
amá n. father [syn. t´atay, it´ ay ] Umamo ang mabangis na lion. The
ámag n. mold, mildew fierce lion became tame.
amaín n. uncle [syn. t´io, t´iyo] ámot n. something obtained or
amáng n. 1 reference to a boy [syn. bought at cost price •
t´
otoy, it´
oy, t´ oto] 2 elderly man (in umamot, amútan (um-:-an) v. to
some areas) [syn. M´ amang, Mang obtain, procure, buy at cost price.
(both used with first name)] 3 a Umamot ka sa kanya ng isang salo
term for father in some areas [syn. na bigas. He bought a ganta of rice
Am´ a, T´atay ] at cost.
ambá’ n. a threatening gesture • amóy n. smell, odor, aroma, body
umamba’, ambaán (um-:-an) v. odor, intensive smell, offensive smell
to gesture threateningly. Inam- amuyín (-in) v. to smell something.
baan niya ako. He gestured to me Amuyin mo nga ito. Smell this.
threateningly. mangamóy (mang-) v. to become
ambág n. contribution, share in a smelly or odorous. Nangamoy ang
ampalayá 6 angkín
sirang pagkain. The spoiled food ng tubig ang bakya. The water car-
smelled bad. ried the wooden shoes away.
ampalayá n. bitter melon, balsam antá – maanta (ma-) adj. rancid
apple, amargoso (food)
ampáw n. puffed rice or corn, sug- anténa Sp n. antenna
ared popcorn antimáno conj. beforehand
ampón n. adopted child, protection anting-ant íng n. amulet
in the form of adoption • antók – inantok, antokín (-in) v.
mag-ampon, ampunín (mag-:-in) to be sleepy. Inantok ang bata. The
v. to adopt. Ampunin mo ang bata. child got sleepy.
Adopt the child. anu-anó intj. plural form of the
anák n. child, son/daughter, off- question word – ano – ”what”
spring • anumán pron. whatsoever usually
ipanganak (ipang-) v. to be born. occurs with ”walang” as in ”walang
Ipinanganak na bulag ang bata. The anuman ” to mean ” not at all or
child was born blind. there is nothing to it”
anáhaw n. palm tree anúnsiyo n. advertisement
ánay n. termite, white ants anyáya n. invitation •
andadór Sp n. walking aid for ba- mag-anyaya, anyayáhan (mag-:-
bies an) v. to invite. Nag-anyaya ako ng
andámyo Sp n. gangplank, slipway maraming bisita. I invited a lot of
andár Sp umandar (-um-) v. visitors.
to work, function, to start as in anyó’ n. figure, form, appearance
machinery. Umandar ang kotse. The áng mkr. definite article similar to
car started. ”the” that marks the topic of the
ángkla n. anchor sentence, focus marker, topic marker
áni n. harvest, product • angát – mag-angat, angatín,
mag-ani, umani, aníhin (mag-, iangat (mag-:-in, i-) v. to lift, to
um-:-in) v. to harvest, to reap. raise something. Angatin mo ang
Umani kami ng palay. We harvested silya. Raise this up.
rice. umangat (um-) v. to rise, to
ánib – umanib (um-) v. to join an progress, to get lifted. Umangat siya
organization, to be a member of. sa kanyang kabuhayan. His status in
Umanib siya sa isang samahan. He life was raised.
joined an organization. angkán n. family, lineage
anibersáryo n. anniversary angkás – mag-angkas, iangkas
ánim num. six (mag-:i-) v. to take someone for
anínag adj. visible, transparent, a ride. Iangkas mo ako sa iyong
translucent bisikleta. You take me for a ride on
aníno n. shadow, reflection your bicycle.
anís n. nutmeg umangkas, angkasán (um-:-an)
ánit n. scalp v. to hitch a ride, to ride with
aníto n. deity, idol someone. Umangkas ako sa kotse
anó intj. what, as a greeting, it niya. I got a ride in his car.
means hello angkín adj. inborn, native, having
anluwági n. carpenter [var. alw´ agi ] or possessing •
ánod – maanod (ma-) v. to be car- mag-angkin (mag-) v. to possess
ried away by the current (usually used in the incompleted
anúrin (-in) v. carried away. Inanod aspect meaning ”possessing or
angkóp 7 asín
having”. Nag-aangkin siya ng tang- aráro n. plow, plough •
ing kagandahan. She has natural mag-araro, ararúin (mag-:-in) v.
beauty. to plow. Mag-araro tayo ng bukid.
mang-angkin, angkinín (mang- Let’s plow the field.
:-in) v. to claim ownership usually áraw n. day, sun •
of something that legally belongs umaraw (um-) v. to shine brightly
to someone else. Nang-angkin na (the sun’s coming out). Umaraw ka-
naman ito ng hindi kanya. He’s hapon. The sun was out yesterday.
claiming possession again of things áraw-áraw adv. every day
that aren’t his. albuláryo n. a quack doctor who
angkóp adj. fit, proper, becoming usually used herbs for treatment of
angháng n. pepperiness • any kind of ailment
maanghang (ma-) adj. spicy arkilá Sp n. rent, rental [syn. alkil´a]
(food), peppery hot umarkilá, arkilahín v. to rent, to
anghél n. angel pay for the use of property. Umarkila
ápa n. this rolled wafer of rice starch kami ng dyip para hakutin ang aming
and red sugar, ice cream cone gamit. We hired a jeepney to haul
aparadór n. cupboard, clothes our things.
closet or cabinet, drawers arkitékto n. architect
ápat num. four ári’ n. property
ápaw – umapaw (um-) v. to over- armádo Sp adj. armed
flow, to innundate. Umapaw ang armás Sp n. weapon, arms
tubig sa kanal. The water overflowed artísta n. actor/actress (of the
from the canal. movie, stage, television, etc.)
apdó n. bile, gall arugá’ – mag-aruga’ (mag-) v. ten-
apelyído n. surname, last name der care, nurture. Mag-aruga ka ng
apí – mang-api, apihín (mang- mga anak mo. Take care of your chil-
:-in) v. to maltreat, to abuse, to dren.
oppress, to harm. Huwag mong ása – umasa, asáhan (um-:-an) v.
apihin ang bata. Don’t maltreat the to hope for, to expect. Asahan mong
child. hindi kita malilimutan. Rest assured
apláya n. beach, seashore that I won’t forget you.
apó n. grandchild (term of refer- ásal n. custom, habit, behavior,
ence). manners
ápog n. lime asaról n. a large hoe •
apóy n. fire • mag-asarol, asarolín (mag-:-in) v.
maapoy (ma-) adj. fiery, flaming to use a hoe, to till the soil. Asarolin
apúhap – mang-apuhap, natin ang halaman. Let’s hoe the
apuhápin (mang-:-in) v. to garden.
feel something by extending the asáwa n. wife/husband, spouse
hand. Inapuhap niya ang pera niya (term of reference)
sa dilim. He groped for his money asikáso Sp n. attention given to
in the dark. someone or some work •
umapuhap (um-) v. to feel out by mag-asikaso, asikasúhin (mag-:-
extending the hand in) v. to mind, to take care of, to
apúlid n. water chestnut attend to. Asikasuhin mo ang mga
áral – mag-aral, arálin (mag-:-in) panauhin. Take care of the visitors.
v. to study. Mag-aral ka ng iyong lek- ásim n. sourness •
siyon. Study your lesson. maasim (ma-) adj. sour (food)
asindéro 8 áyos
asín n. salt Maawa ka sa akin. Pity me.
asindéro Sp n. land owner, planta- áwas – umawas (-um-) v. to
tion owner overflow. Umawas ang tubig sa
asistí sp v. to wait on, to serve banyo. The water overflowed in the
umasisti, asistihán (um-:-an) bathroom.
v. to assist, to help, to aid, to áwat n. pacification of quarreling
attend. Asistihan natin ang mga people •
nangangailangan. Let’s help the mang-awat, umawat, awátin
needy. (mang-, um-:-in) v. to pacify a
asnó n. donkey quarrel, to stand between a fight.
áso n. dog Awatin mo sina Ben at David.
asó n. smoke Pacify Ben and David.
aspilé Sp n. pin, straight pin áway n. a quarrel, dispute •
asúkal Sp n. sugar mag-away (mag-) v. to quarrel
asúl Sp n. blue (color) (with each other). Nag-away ang
asuséna sp n. tuberose matalik na magkaibigan. The close
aswáng n. ghost, evil spirit friends had a quarrel.
at conj. and, connects words, mang-away, awáyin (mang-:-in)
phrases, or entire sentences of equal v. to quarrel with somebody. Nang-
syntactic rank • away na naman si Minda. Minda
at iba pa phrase. etcetera, and so started another quarrel.
forth áwit n. song, chant, hymn •
atáke Sp n. attack • umawit, awítin (um-:-in) v. to
aatakíhin (-in) v. to attack, to have sing. Umawit si Nenita sa klase.
an attack. Aatakihin siya ng sakit sa Nenita sang in class.
puso. He will have a heart attack. áwto n. car, automobile [syn. kotse ]
ataúl n. coffin, bier ay part. connects the topic of the
atáy n. liver sentence and the predicate when
áte n. appellation for elder sister, the sentence is given in the reverse
used with or without the given order; sentence inversion marker.
name (term of address reference) Siya ay umalis. He left.
átin pron. first person plural num- ay! intj. an exclamation of surprise
ber pronoun (inclusive meaning – or pain
our, ours, us (inclusive) shows pos- áyaw – umayáw, ayawán (um-:-
session of location when preceded an) pv. to back out from, to reject,
by ”sa” to dislike, to refuse (opposite of
atíp n. roof, roofing gustuhín). Umayaw siya sa aking
átis n. sugar apple, custard apple plano. He rejected my plan.
átom Eng n. atom áyon adj. parallel to, in agreement
atrás – umatras (um-) to retreat, to • adv. according to ...; as alleged

back up, to move back. Umatras ang by. Ayon sa sabi ng tao, mabait ka
kotse. The car backed up. raw. According to what people say,
atrasádo Sp adj. late, slow you are good. •
atsára n. pickled papaya umayon, ayúnan (um-:-an) v.
atsuwéte Sp n. shrub with burry to agree, to conform, to go along
fruits used for food coloring with. Umayon si Ernest sa balak
áwa’ n. grace, pity, charity, compas- ni Rosita. Ernest conformed with
sion • Rosita’s plan.
maawa’ (ma-) v. to take pity. áyos n. order •
aywán 9 báging
maayos (ma-) adj. orderly, ar- bakás n. print, mark, trace •
ranged, (well) fixed, just right • bumakas (um-) v. to mark or leave
mag-ayos, ayúsin (mag-:-in) v. a mark, to leave a trail or vestige.
to arrange, to put in order, to fix. Bumakas ang kanyang sampal. His
Ayusin mo ang buhok ni Linda. slap left a mark
Arrange Linda’s hair. bakasyón n. vacation, rest •
aywán phrase. be ignorant of some- magbakasyon (mag-) v. to take a
thing. Aywan ko. I don’t know. [var. vacation, to leave for a vacation, to
ew´an ] [syn. di al´
am ] go on a vacation. Magbabakasyon si
Vida sa Texas. Vida will vacation in
Texas.
B bakbák – mabakbak adj. de-
tached, decorticated •
ba part. question marker, expressive bakbakán (-an) v. to remove the
of interrogation in yes or no ques- bark or thick skin of something, to
tions. Mayroon ba silang ginawa? chastise (someone)
Have they done anything? bakbákan n. fight, altercation
babá’ n. descent • (slang)
bumaba’, babaín (um-:-in) v. to bákit int. why. Bakit ka naparito?
go down, to descend. Bumaba siya Why have you come here?
sa hagdan. He went down the stairs. baklá’ adj. effeminate man,
bába’ n. chin hermaphrodite [syn. binabaé ]
bába’ – mababa’ (ma-) adj. short, baklí’ adj. broken (stick)
low • bákod n. fence
magbabá’, ibabá’ (mag-:i-) v. to bákol n. a big basket (flat), a four-
reduce, to take down, to carry to cornered bamboo basket with round
a lower level. Ibaba mo ang iyong opening
timbang. Reduce your weight. baku-bakó’ adj. rugged (surface)
bumaba’ (um-) v. to become bakúna n. vaccination
shorter, to become cheaper. Bumaba bakúran n. yard
ang presyo ng mga bilihin. The price bakyá’ n. wooden shoes, clogs
of goods went down. bakyum-klíner Eng n. vacuum
babáe n. woman • adj. female cleaner
bábad – magbabad, babárin, bága n. embers, glowing coal
ibabad (mag-:in, i-) v. to soak. bága’ n. lung
Ibabad mo ang damit sa sabon. Soak bagá adv. emphatic marker, throws
the dress in soap. more stress on the interrogation.
babalá’ n. notice, sign Ikaw baga ay nagasawa? Did you
bábaw adj. shallow (ever) get married? • conj. (+man)
babéro n. bib although
báboy n. pig, pork bagáhe Sp n. baggage, luggage
báboy-ramó n. wild pig [var. b´
aboy- bágal adj. slow, sluggish
dam´o] bagáng n. molar (tooth)
báka n. cattle, cow, beef bágay n. thing, object
baká adv. possibly, perhaps, maybe, bágay adj. becoming, proper, fit •
might. Baka ka maputulan ng daliri. bumagay, bagáyan (um-:-an) v. to
You might get your finger cut off. suit, to conform. Bagayan mo ang
bákal n. iron, steel ugali niya. Make adjustments to suit
bakaláw n. cod his ways.
bágo 10 balaríla’
báging n. vine, climber, creeper báhay n. house
bágo adj. new, recent, modern • báhay-áso n. dog-kennel
pagbabago (pag-) n. change báhay-batá’ n. uterus
bágo adv/conj. before, recently bahín n. sneeze •
bagón n. freight car, wagon, van bumahin (-um-) v. to sneeze. Ako’y
bagoóng n. salty small fish of malimit bumahin kapag ako’y may
shrimp relish, anchovies, wet salted sipon. I sneeze frequently when I
small fish or tiny shrimps [syn. have colds.
alam´ ang ] báho’ adj. foul odor, bad smell
bagsák – bumagsak (um-) v. to stinking odor
fall, to fail. Bumagsak ang ero- bahúra n. reef [var. batuh´an ]
planong sinasakyan ng pangulo. bailarína Sp n. dancer (feminine),
The airplane the president was on taxi-dancer
crashed. baíle Sp n. ball, dance
magbagsak, ibagsak (mag-:i-) v. baít n. kindness •
to drop. Ibinagsak ng Totoy ang mabait (ma-) adj. kind, good, gen-
telepono. Totoy slammed down the tle, virtuous
telephone. baitáng n. steps of a staircase
bagsík adj. violent, fierce, merciless, baiwáng n. waist
strict, cruel, severe bála n. bullet
bagyó n. storm, typhoon • balábal n. mantilla, wrap, shawl
bagyuhín (-in) v. (phenomenal (apparel) •
verb) to have a storm/typhoon. magbalabal, balabálin, ibalabal
Baka ka bagyuhin sa probinsya. You (mag-:-in, i-) v. to wrap oneself
might get hit by the storm in the with a shawl, mantle, or kerchief.
province. Magbalabal ka at nang hindi ka
bumagyo (um-) v. (phenomenal ginawin. Wrap yourself so you won’t
verb) to rain violently as in a get cold.
storm or typhoon. Bumabagyo nang bálak n. plan, intention •
malakas. The storm is raging strong. magbalak, binalak (mag-:-in) v.
bahá’ n. flood • to plan, to intend to do. Binalak
binaha’ (-in) v. (phenomenal verb) kong dalawin ka. I planned to visit
to flood. Binaha ang buong bayan. you.
The whole town was flooded. balakáng n. hips, pelvis
bumaha’ (um-) v. (phenomenal balákid n. obstacle
verb) to flood. Bumaha dahil sa balakúbak n. dandruff
lakas ng ulan. I flooded because of baláe n. parents and parents-in-law
the strong rain. relationship (term of reference), a
bahág n. G-string, loin cloth with a parent of one’s son or daughter-in-
part pulled between the thighs law
bahaghári’ n. rainbow balahíbo n. fine body hair, feather
bahági’ n. part, portion, piece hair of fowls of woolly hair of ani-
bahagyá’ adj. hardly, barely mals, fur
bahála’ n. an expression of uncer- balánse Sp n. balance, remainder
tainty or responsibility. Bahala na bálang n. locust
kayo. The decision is yours. (It’s up balangá’ n. wide mouthed earthen
to you.) cooking pot
mabahála’ (ma-) adj. to feel balangkás n. framework
concerned, worried, anxious balaríla’ n. grammar [syn.
balása 11 balintatáw
gram´ atika ] to throw, hurl, cast an object.
balása – magbalasa, balasáhin Ibinalibag ng bata ang kanyang
(mag-:-in) v. to shuffle playing laruan. The child threw down his
cards. Balasahin mo na ang baraha. toy.
Shuffle the cards (now). mangbalibag, balibagín (mang-
bálat n. birthmark (on skin) :-in) v. to throw, hurl, cast an
balát n. bark of a tree, skin, peel- object at someone or something.
ings, leather Nambalibag si Pedro ng kahoy sa
balatkayó n. costume, disguise kanyang mga kalaro. Pedro hurled
baláto Sp n. money given away by the stick to his playmates.
a winning gambler as goodwill • balíbol n. awl, auger, bit [syn.
magbalato, balatúhan (mag-:-an) baréna ]
v. donate, give away (money or balík – bumalik (um-) v. to
winnings). Balatuhan mo sila. Give come back, to return. Bumalik si
them some of your winnings. McArthur sa Pilipinas. McArthur
balátong n. soybean returned to the Philippines.
balbás Sp n. beard magbalik, ibalik (mag-:i-) v. to
balkón Sp n. porch, balcony [var. return something, to restore. Ibalik
balkon´ ahe ] mo agad ang libro. Return the book
baldádo Sp adj. disabled, crippled, early as soon as possible.
overused mabalik (ma-) v. to be returned to
baldé n. large can, pail, bucket [var. former status. Nabalik sa kanya ang
bald´i ] dati niyang bahay. He got back his
baldósa Sp n. tile former house.
bále Sp adj. value (used commonly balíkat n. shoulder
as – ”hindi bale,” it’s all right never balikwás – bumalikwas (um-) v.
mind, ”bale wala’,” of no value) • to turn suddenly to the opposite
n. promissory note • side, to suddenly rise from a lying
bumale (um-) v. to get a cash position. Bumalikwas ako sa kama
advance. Bumale ako dahil sa kapos nang narinig ko ang putok ng baril.
ako ngayon. I got a cash advance I jumped out of bed when I heard
because I’m broke now. the gunshot.
bále-bále Sp adj. of quite some magbalikwas, balikwasín (mag-:-
value in) to turn something suddenly to
balediktóryan Eng n./adj. vale- the opposite side
dictorian baligtád adj. inside-out, up-side
báli’ n. fracture • down [var. baliktad ] •
balí’ adj. fractured, broken • magbaligtad, baligtarín, ibalig-
bumali’, binali’ (um-:-in) v. to tad (mag-:-in, i-) v. to turn
break (usually with the hands). Bi- something over, to invert, to re-
nali ni Rogelio ang lapis sa kanyang verse, to tur inside-out. Baligtarin
galit. Rogelio broke the pencil in mo ang kinuha ko. Turn over those
anger. (clothes) I was sunbleaching.
balibág n. to heave or throw some- bumaligtad (um-) v. to turn over.
thing like a boomerang of a piece of Bumaligtad ang sasakyan. The car
wood or cane • turned completely over.
bumalibag (um-) v. to be thrown, balimbíng n. starfruit, a smal tree
hurled whose edible fleshy fruit has five lon-
magbalibag, ibalibag (mag-:i-) gitudinal, angular lobes
balintawák 12 bantá’
balintatáw n. pupil (of the eye) balútan n. bundle, package
balintawák n. woman’s native cos- balyéna Sp n. whale, white wax
tume with butterfly sleeves, informal candle
Balintawák n. historical place bambáng n. canal [syn. kan´ al ]
north of Manila where the first cry bának n. mullet
of the Revolution against Spain was banál adj. pious, virtuous
made by Andres Bonifacio banás n. sultriness and humidity
balintuwád adj. bottom-up, [syn. alins´angan ] •
upside-down [syn. baligt´ad ] mabanas (ma-) adj. sultry and
balísa n. anxiety • humid
balisá adj. anxious, restless bánat n. a strike, sock, bow or stroke
balisóng n. fan knife made in to hit something, a pull to stretch •
Batangas banát adj. taut, stretched •
balíta’ n. news • adj. well-known, magbanat, banátin (mag-:-in) v.
famous, talked about • to pull, to stretch. Banatin mo ang
magbalita’, ibalita’ (mag-:i-) iyong buto sa trabaho. Stretch your
v. to tell, to report, to relay the bones with some work.
news. Ibalita mo naman sa amin banáyad adj. moderate, soft, gentle
ang nangyari. Let us know what (in manner)
happened. bandá adj. towards or about a cer-
balíw n. crazy or demented person, tain place or time, in the direction
maniac • adj. crazy, demented of
bálo n. widow, widower [var. b´ ao] bánda n. band of musicians, an or-
[syn. biy´
udo/ biy´
uda ] ganized group of musicians
balón n. a well (of water), a deep bandána Eng n. kerchief, scarf
hole in the ground bandéha Sp n. tray
bálot n. covering, wrapping, take- bandehádo Sp n. platter, oblong
home food • china tray
balót adj. covered, wrapped • bandéra Sp n. flag, banner [var.
magbalot, balútin, ibalot (mag- band´ila ]
:-in, i-) v. to wrap, to encase, to bandído Sp n. bandit
envelope. Magbalot ka ng makakain banidóso/a Sp adj. vain (mascu-
natin. (You) wrap the food we’re line/ feminine)
going to eat. baníg n. mat
balsá n. raft bánil n. adhering dirt on neck [syn.
bálse Sp n. waltz lib´
ag ]
balták n. sudden, strong pull • banílya n. vanilla
mambaltak, baltakín (mang-:-in) banláw – magbanlaw, banlawán
v. to pull suddenly. Baltakin mo (mag-:-an) v. to rinse, to cleanse.
siya at baka mahulog. Pull him or Banlawan mo ang mga kinula. Rinse
he might fall. the things you have sun bleached.
baltík n. stubborness, head strong- banl í’ n. scalding •
ness magbanli’, banlián (mag-:-an) v.
baluktót adj. crooked, curved, bent to scald, to sterilize. Banlian mo
balunbalúnan n. gizzard (of fowls) ang mga tinidor at kutsara. Scalp
balústre n. banisters the forks and spoons.
balút n. boiled duck’s egg with par- bansá’ n. country, nation
tially developed embryo (a native bansót adj. stunted (in growth), ar-
delicacy) rested in development
bantád 13 bará
bantá’ n. threat • windows where the chinaware is
magbanta’, bantaán (mag-:-an) v. kept [var. banggerah´ an ]
to threaten. Binantaan niya ako. He banggít – bumanggit, banggitín
threatened me. (-um-:-in) v. to mention, to cite. Bi-
bantád adj. sated, satiated [syn. nanggit niya sa akin ang nangyari.
saw´a’, suy´
a’ ] He mentioned to me what had hap-
bantáy n. guard, watcher • pened.
magbantay, bantayán (mag-:-an) bangín n. ravine, abyss, precipice
v. to watch closely, to be on guard. bangís n. ferocity, wildness •
Bantayan mo ang bahay. Guard the mabangis (ma-) adj. cruel, fierce
house. bangó n. aroma, fragrance •
bantáyog n. monument mabango (ma-) adj. fragrant,
bantóg adj. famous sweet-smelling
banyága’ n. foreigner • adj. foreign bángon n. rising from a lying posi-
bányo Sp n. bathroom, shower room tion •
bányos Sp n. sponge bath [syn. bumangon (-um-) v. to rise from a
p´
unas ] lying position, to get up from bed.
bangá’ n. jar, earthen jar, for drink- Bumangon siya nang maaga kanina.
ing water He got up early a while ago.
bángaw n. big fly magbangon, ibangon (mag-:i-) v.
bangká’ n. boat, banca to raise something, to see something
bangkáy n. corpse, cadaver in an upright position. Ibangon mo
bangkéro Sp boatman, banker, ang may sakit. Help the sick person
dealer and/or payer in gambling get up.
(shortened to ”bangká’,” colloqui- bangús n. milk fish
ally) báo n. coconut shell without husk or
bangkéta Sp n. sidewalk, footpath meat
bangkéte Sp n. banquet baól n. footlocker, chest, a rectangu-
bankíto n. stool, small chair lar trunk (for clothes)
bángko Sp n. bank báon n. provision or supply of food
bangkó’ n. bench, stool taken on a journey •
banggá’ – bumangga’ (-um-) v. magbaon, baúnin, ibaon (mag-:-
to hit something, to collide with in, i-) v. to carry provisions or sup-
something. Bumangga ang kotse plies usually food. Magbaon ka nang
sa pader. The car ran into a stone di ka gutumin. Take enough food to
wall. keep you from getting hungry.
mabangga’ (ma-) v. to hit, collide baón – bumaón (-um-) v. to be-
against accidentally, to bump into. come buried, to sink. Buma´ on ang
Nabangga ang kotse sa pader. The sapatos ko sa putik. My shoes got
car ran against the stone wall. stuck in the mud.
ibangga’, banggaín (mag-:i-:-in) magbaon, ibaon (mag-:i-) v. to
v. to ram an object against some- bury something. Ibaon mo ang patay
thing, to collide against something. na pusa. Bury the dead cat.
Binangga ng kotse ang pader. The bapór n. ship, boat, steamship
car ran into the stone wall. bará – bumara (-um-) v. to cause
mangbangga’ (mang-:-in) v. to hit an obstruction. Bumara sa daan ang
or ram against. Nambangga siya ng nabuwal na kahoy. The uprooted
kotse ko. He bumped my car. tree blocked the road (path).
banggéra Sp n. extension from magbara, ibara (mag-:i-) v. to
baráha 14 báti’
bar, to hinder, to obstruct with magbaság, baságin (mag-:-in) v.
something. Ibara mo ang mga bato to break glassware, china, earthen-
sa daan. Block the road (path) with ware, to crack, to break repeatedly,
stones. deliberately. Baka basagin ng bata
baráha n. playing cards ang plorera. The child might break
barandílya n. handrail the flower vase.
baráso n. arm basáhan n. cleaning rag
barát adj. niggardly, stingy, miserly básket Eng n. basket
bárbel Eng n. weights (used in basketból Eng basketabll •
weightlifting) magbasketbol (mag-) v. to play
barbéro Sp n. barber basketball
barberyá Sp n. barbershop bási’ n. rice wine
baréna n. drill báso n. drinking glass, drinking cup
baréta n. bar bastá Sp adv. an interjection mean-
baríl n. gun • ing enough, just, as long as
bumaril (-um-) v. to shoot with a bastón n. cane, walking cane
gun. Bumaril si Pedro. Pedro shot bastós adj. uncouth, rude, impolite,
the gun. impertinent
magbaril (mag-) v. to shoot one- basúra n. trash, garbage
self. Magbaril ka. (You) shoot. basurahán (-an) n. garbage con-
mamaril, barilín (mang-:-in) to tainer, trash can, a place where
shoot at something. Barilin mo ang garbage or trash is thrown
ibon. Shoot the bird. basuréro n. garbageman, garbage
baríles n. barrel collector
barnís n. varnish báta n. nightgown, robe, dressing
báro’ n. dress, upper garment [syn. gown
bestido, damit ] báta’ n. child
bárungbárong n. make-shift shack báta’ adj. young, immature
bárong-Tagálog n. man’s native batá – magbata, bumata (mag-:-
shirt, formal attire in) v. to endure, to tolerate, to bear,
barumbádo adj. temperamental to suffer. Nagbata ng hirap ang aking
baryá n. loose or small change, coins ina para sa aking kinabukasan. My
báryo Sp n. barrio, subdivision of a mother endured hardships for my fu-
town ture.
bása – bumasa (-um-) v. to read. bátak – bumatak, batákin (-um-:-
Bumasa ka ng tula. Read a poem. in) v. to pull, to stretch [var. balt´
ak ].
magbasá, basáhin (mag-:-in) v. to Batakin mo ang lubid. Stretch the
read something. Basahin mo ang di- rope.
yaryo. Read the newspaper. batalán n. rear of barrio house for
basá’ adj. wet • washing and for storage of water
mabasa’ (ma-) v. to become wet, batás n. law
drenched bátaw n. hyacinth bean
básag n. break, crack • bátay – ibatay (i-) v. to base on
básag adj. broken something. Ibinatay sa tula ni Rizal
makabasag, mabasag (maka-:ma- ang drama. The drama was based
) v. to break china, glassware, or on Rizal’s poem.
earthenware accidentally, to be able bateriyá Sp n. storage battery,
to break. Nabasag niya ang mga flashlight battery
pinggan. He broke the plates. Bathála’ n. God
báting sut 15 bétsin
báti’ – bumati’, batíin (-um-:-in) bayábas n. guava
v. to greet, to welcome, to salute, to báyad n. payment, fare •
congratulate. Binati namin ang mga magbayad, bayáran (mag-:-an) v.
bagong dating. We welcomed the new to pay for, to compensate. Magbayad
arrivals. tayo ng utang. Let’s pay the debt.
báting sut Eng n. bathing suit Bayaran mo ang kinain natin. Pay
batingáw n. bell [syn. kamp´ ana’ ] for what we have eaten.
bátis n. stream, creek, spring bayág n. testicle
bató n. stone, kidney báyan n. town, country, fatherland
bátok n. nape (of neck), back of neck bayáni n. hero
batóg n. shelled and boiled cork tp bayáw n. brother-in-law (term of
which grated coconut and salt are reference)
added bayáwak n. large lizard
bátsoy Ch n. chopped and sauteed baybáy n. seashore
entrails of pig with soup baybay-dágat n. sea coast
batubaláni’ n. magnet baybáyin n. coast
batúgan adj. lazy, indolent baylarína n. ballerina, ballet
batúta’ Sp n. policeman’s club, dancer, a dancer [var. bailar´ina ]
truncheon bayó – magbayo, bayuhín (mag-:-
batyá’ n. laundry tub, flat basin in) v. to pound, to crush. Bayuhin
baúl Sp n. clothes chest, trunk, foot- mo ang palay. Pound the unhusked
locker rice.
báwal adj. forbidden, prohibited bayonéta n. bayonet
magbawal, ibawal, bawálan bayóng n. large bag
(mag-:i-:-an) to prohibit, to forbid. baytáng n. grade, level, step [var.
Ibawal mo ang pagsisigarilyo sa loob beyt´ang ]
ng klase. Prohibit smoking in the baywáng n. waist [var. béwang ]
classroom. béke’ n. mumps
báwang n. garlic béking páwder Eng n. baking
báwas – magbawas, ibawas (mag- powder
:i-) v. to lessen, to remove (some- békon Eng n. bacon
thing) from beísbol Eng n. baseball
bawa’t pron. each, every, as in – bélo Sp n. veil
”bawa’t isa”, everyone, everybody bénda Sp n. (surgical) bandage
báwi’ n. recovery from losses, re- bendisyón Sp n. benediction
traction bénta Sp n. sales, income from sales
bumawi’, bawíin (-um-:-in) to magbenta, ibenta (mag-:i-) to sell.
recover. Bumawi ka na lang sa Ibenta mo ang niluto mong pansit.
susunod. Just make up for it the Sell the pancit you cooked.
next time. bentiladór Sp n. ventilating fan,
mambawi’ (mang-) v. to get electric fan
back what was give away, reclaim. benggánsa Sp n. vengeance
Nambawi si Jose ng mga regalong beránda Sp n. porch, verandah
ibinigay niya sa akin. Jose took bérde adj. green
back the gifts he gave me. berdúgo Sp n. executioner of death
báya – bayáan (-an) v. to allow or sentence
tolerate (a situation), to let someone beribéri Sp/Eng n. beriberi
alone [var. hay´aan ]. Bayaan mo siya. bestído n. dress [syn. b´aro’ ]
Let him alone. beteráno Sp n. veteran
béynte 16 bilíng
bétsin n. monosodium glutamate, bumilang (-um-) v. to count. Bu-
food seasoning milang ka hanggang sampu. Count
béynte Sp num. twenty up to ten.
béynte-síngko Sp num. twenty-five magbiláng, bilángin (mag-:-in) v.
bibéro Sp bib to count something. Bilangin mo ang
bíbi n. duck mga sisiw. Count the chickens.
bibíg n. mouth bilanggó’ n. prisoner •
bibíngka n. rice cake mabilanggo’ (ma-) v. to be im-
bikíg n. foreign matter (as fishbone) prisoned, to be put in jail, to be
stuck in the throat jailed. Nabilanggo siya. He was
Bikoláno/a n. a person from the imprisoned.
Bikol region (masculine/feminine) ibinilanggo (i-) v. to imprison, to
bída – magbida, ibida (mag-:i-) v. captivate. Ibinilanggo ang nakap-
to tell or relate a story or happening. atay. The murderer was imprisoned.
Ibida mo naman sa amin ang biyahe bilanggúan n. prison [syn. bil´ibid ]
mo. Tell us about your trip. biláo n. winnowing basket (for
bigás n. rice (husked), uncooked rice removing rice chaff)
bigát n. weight, heaviness • bilás n. brother-in-law’s wife or
mabigat (ma-) adj. heavy sister-in-law’s husband (term of
bigáy – magbigay, ibigay, bigyan reference)
(mag:i-:-an) v. to give. Ibigay mo ang bilasá’ adj. stale, not fresh
lapis sa kanya. Give the pencil to bilí – bumili, bilhín, bilhán
him. (-um-:-in:an) v. to buy, to purchase.
bigkás n. pronunciation Bumili ng bahay si Gng. Cruz. Mrs.
bigháni’ n. charm, seduction Cruz bought a house.
biglá’ adv. suddenly, immediately magbili, ipagbili (mag-:ipag-) v.
bigó’ adj. frustrated, disappointed to sell. Ipinagbili nila ang kanilang
bigóte n. moustache lupa at bahay. They sold their house
bigti – magbigti, bigtihín (mag-:- and lot.
in) v. to hang or strangle oneself. bilíbid n. prison [syn. bilangg´uan ] •
Nagbigti siya sa sama ng loob. He ibilibid (i-) v. to tie around a twine
strangled himself because of sadness. or cord several times, to bind, to im-
bíhag n. prisoner-of-war prison. Ibilibid mo ang lubid sa poste.
bíhag n. prisoner-of-war, captive Tie the rope around the post.
bihása Sp adj. accustomed, used to bílin – magbilin, ibilin (mag-:i-)
bihílya Sp n. fasting v. to make a request or order
bihíra’ adv. seldom, rarely something. Magbilin ka na ng gusto
bíhis n. the clothes one wears • mo habang narito pa ako. Order
bihís adj. well-dressed dressed up what you want while I’m still here.
magbihis, ibihis, bihísan (mag-:i- bilíng adj. turned over, bent, in-
:-an) v. to change clothes. Bihisan clined •
mo ang bata. Dress the child. bumiling (-um-) v. to turn around.
bíhon n. rice noodle Bumiling ka. Turn over.
biík n. young of a pig, piglet mabiling (ma-) v. to be turned
bilád – magbilad, ibilad (mag-:i-) aside. Nabiling ang mukha niya
v. to put under the sun, to dry, to ex- sa lakas ng sampal. His head was
pose to the sun. Ibilad mo ang palay. turned aside by the force of the
Spread the palay (under the sun). slap. His face was swung aside by
bílang n. number, numeral • the force of the slap.
bílog 17 bítay
magbiling, bilingín, ibiling v. to baptize someone. Nagbinyag
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to turn over, to turn ng mga bata ang pari kahapon.
around. Ibiling mo ang ulo ng bata The priest baptized the children
sa unan. Turn the head of the child yesterday.
on the pillow. bingí Ch adj. deaf
bílog n. circle, roundness • bíngit n. edge, rim [syn. g´ilid ]
mabilog (ma-) adj. round, circular bingwít n. pole, hook, line and
bínat n. relapse • sinker for fishing [var. binw´it ] •
mabinat (ma-) v. to have a relapse. mamingwit (mang-:-in) v. to
Nabinat siya sa katratrabaho. He had fish with a hook, line and sinker.
a relapse because of overwork. Mamingwit tayo ng isda bukas.
binátin (-in) v. to cause to have a Let’s go fishing (with hook, line and
relapse. Huwag mo siyang binatin. sinker) tomorrow.
Don’t strain him (or he might have bíro’ n. a joke •
a relapse). magbiro’, birúin (mag-:-in) v.
bilís n. speed • to tease, to make fun of. Huwag
mabilis (ma-) adj. speedy, rapid, magbiro sa lasing. Don’t make fun
fast, swift of drunks.
bilisán (-an) v. to make fast, hurry, bísa’ – mabisa’ (ma-) adj. forceful,
speed up. Bilisan mo ang takbo ng effective
kotse. Drive the car faster. biságra n. hinge
bilog n. dimples biskwít n. cookies, crackers, and the
bilyár Sp n. billiard like
bímpo Ch n. small face towel bíse adj. vice (affix preceding an of-
binabáe adj. hermaphrodite, effem- ficial rank or title). Bise-presidente.
inate [syn. bakl´a’ ] Vice-president
bináta’ n. unmarried man, bachelor bisíkleta n. bicycle
binatóg n. steamed or boiled grains bísig n. biceps
of corn mixed with coconut gratings bisíta n. guest, visitor
and salt bumisita, bisitáhin (-um-:-in) to
bindisyón Sp n. benediction pay a visit. Bumisita kami sa ospi-
bindíta Sp n. holy water tal. We visited (someone) in the hos-
binditádo Sp adj. blessed, holy pital.
binhí’ n. seed (chosen for the nurs- bistík Eng n. beefsteak
ery) bísto Sp adj. obvious, discovered
binibíni n. miss, unmarried young [var. bist´
ado]
woman bísyo Sp n. vice, bad habits
binlíd n. rice particles bítag n. snare for birds, based on a
bínta Sp n. small swift sailboat looped twine
bintána’ Sp n. window bitáw n. release of hold •
bintáng – magbintang, ibintang bumitaw (-um-) v. to release one’s
(mag-:i-) v. to lay the blame on hold. Huwag kang bumitaw sa renda
somebody, to impute, to accuse ng kabayo. Don’t release the reins of
somebody. Ibintang mo ang lahat the horse.
kay Rosita. Blame everything on bítay – magbitay (mag-) v. to
Rosita. hang oneself by the neck. Magbitay
bintí’ n. leg, calf of a leg ka. Hang yourself.
binyág n. baptism • bitáyin, ibitay (-in, i-) v. to
magbinyá, binyagán (mag-:-an) hang (by the neck). Ibitay mo ang
bitbít 18 bukáka’
kriminal. (You) hang the criminal. bokabuláryo Sp n. vocabulary
bitbít – magbitbit, bitbitín (mag- bóksing Eng n. boxing
:-in) v. to carry or hold dangling bódabil Fr n. vaudeville
from the fingers or the hand. Bit- bodéga Sa n. storeroom, warehouse
bitin mo nga ang mga daeng. Carry bóla Sp n. ball •
the dried fish. mambola, boláhin (mang-:-in) v.
bítin n. dangling prizes and favors • to flatter, to jest, to put someone on.
bitín adj. hanging, suspended Nambola siya ng husto. He flattered
bumítin (-um-) v. to hang. Bumitin (someone) a lot.
si Rogelio sa punong kahoy. Rogelio bóling Eng magboling v. to bowl
dangled from the tree. (sport)
magbitin, ibitin (mag-:i-) v. to bólpen Eng n. ball point
hang something. Ibitin mo ang mga boluntáryo n. volunteer, peace
daeng. Hang the dried fish. corps volunteer
bitíw – bumitiw (-um-) v. to bómba Sp n. pump
release one’s hold or grip [var. Bombáy n. Indian (native of India)
bumit´aw ]. Bumitiw siya ss aking bombéro Sp n. fireman
pagkakahawak. He released himself bombílya Sp n. electric light bulb
from my grip. bóses Sp n. voice [syn. t´inig ]
magbitíw, bitíwan (mag-:-an) v. bóta Sp n. boots, rainboots
to resign, to let go [var. magbit´ aw, bóte Sp n. bottle [syn. botélya ]
bit´awan ]. Nagbitiw ang kalihim sa botíka n. drugstore, pharmacy [syn.
kanyang katungkulan. The secretary parm´asya ]
resigned from his job. bóto Sp n. vote •
bíts Eng n. beets bumoto (-um-) v. to vote. Bumoto
bítsin Ch n. flavoring powder, sea- tayo sa darating na halalan. Let’s
soning [var. bétsin ] vote in the coming elections.
bitúka n. intestine iboto (i-) v. to vote for someone.
bituín n. star Iboto natin ang mabuting kandidato.
biyák – magbiyak, biyakín (mag- Let’s vote for the good candidate.
:-in) v. to cleave; to split, to break bra Eng n. bra [var. brasiyér ]
in two, halve. Biyakin mo nga ang bras Eng n. brush. Bras sa buhok.
niyog. (You) cleave the coconut Hairbrush.
open. brasiyér Fr n. bra
biyáhe n. trip, journey bráso Sp n. arm
biyahéro Sp n. voyager, traveller brilyánte Sp n. diamond
biyás n. flank, internode brótsa Sp n. painter’s brush (large)
biyáya’ n. favor, grace, mercy brúha n. witch, old hag
biyenán n. mother-in-law or father- bubóng n. roof
in-law (term of reference for parents- bubót adj. unripe, immature
in-law) [var. biyan´ an ] bubúyog n. bumble-bee
Biyérnes Sp n. Friday buká adj. open •
Biyérnes Sánto Sp n. Good Friday bumuka (-um-) v. Bumuka na ang
biyolín n. violin buko. The bud opened.
biyolinísta Sp n. violinist ibuka (i-) v. Ibuka mo ang bibig mo.
biyúdo/ a Sp n. widow / widower Open your mouth.
blángko Sp adj. nothing, blank bukáka’ – nakabukaka’ (naka-)
blúsa Sp n. blouse adj. wide apart (as legs when
bóbo Sp adj. dumb, stupid, dull standing with feet wide apart) [syn.
bukána 19 bulá’
bikak´a’ ] buéno Sp part. if that is so, in that
bukána n. front, threshold case, well then
bukáng-bibíg n. favorite expres- bugá – bumuga, bugahín (-um-
sion; favorite topic of conversation :-in) v. to spit or blow some liquid
[var. buk´ ambibig ] from the mouth. Binuga niya ang
bukáng-liwaywáy n. break of mainit na kape. He spat out the hot
dawn, dawn [syn. madal´ing-´araw ] coffee.
búkas adv. tomorrow magbuga, ibuga (mag-:i-) v. to
bukás – bumukas (-um-) v. to be force out of the mouth by a sudden
opened. Bumukas ang pinto sa lakas blow. Ibuga mo ang tubig. Spit out
ng hangin. The door was opened be- the water.
cause of the strong wind. bugambílya n. bougainvilla
magbukas, ibukas, buksán (mag- bugbóg adj. bruised, squashed (of
:i-, -an) v. to open something. Buk- fruits, vegetables) •
san mo ang bintana. Open the win- mambugbog, bugbugín (mang-:-
dow. in) v. to club or pound, to beat up.
bukáyo’ n. grated coconut cooked Binugbog siya ng kanyang kaaway.
with sugar He was beaten up by his enemies.
bukbók Ch n. bow weevil, wood bugháw adj. blue
borer, wood tick, decay (teeth) bugnót n. exasperation
búkid n. field, farm, rice field bugók adj. putrid, rotten
buklát – magbuklat, buklatín, bugtóng n. riddle
ibuklat (mag-:-in, i-) v. to open bugtóng adj. one and only (child)
a book or a magazine, to turn the buhaghág adj. spongy, loose (not
pages of a reading material. Buklatin adhesive)
ninyo ang aklat. Open the book. buhángin n. sand
búko n. bud, young coconut búhat – bumuhat, buhátin (-um-
bukód – bumukod (-um-) v. to sep- :-in) v. to lift, to carry
arate from, to segregate. Bumukod búhat conj. eversince [var. mag-
na siya sa amin. He separated him- buhat ]. Buhat nang nag-asawa siya,
self from us. naging matipid siya. Eversince she
magbukod, ibukod (mag-:i-) v. to got married, she became frugal.
set apart, to exclude, to set aside. búhay n. life •
Ibukod mo ang para kay Dadong. Set buháy adj. alive
aside what is for Dadong. búhay-mayáman n. rich life, an
bukód conj. besides, in addition to. easy-going, affluent life
bukod sa asawa niya... besides his buháwi’ n. cyclone, tornado
wife... buhók n. hair
búkol n. tumor, swelling buhól – magbuhol, ibuhol (mag-
bukungbúkong n. ankle :i-) v. to make a knot, to tie securely.
budbód – magbudbod, ibudbod Ibuhol mo ang lubid. Make a knot
(mag-:i-) v. to sprinkle, to scatter, with the rope.
to sow. Magbudbod ka ng palay sa búhos – bumuhos (-um-) v. to
manok. Scatter palay for the chick- pour. Bumuhos ang malakas na
ens. ulan. The heavy rain poured.
budh í’ n. conscience magbuhos, ibuhos (mag-:i-) v.
buéna máno Sp n. first customer of to pour something. Ibuhos mo ang
the day who is believed to bring good tubig sa ulo niya. Pour the water on
luck in business (lit.:Sp. good hand) his head.
búlak 20 bunggó’
bulá’ n. foam, bubbles bunó’ – magbuno’ (mag-) v. to
búlak n. cotton wrestle with each other. Nagbuno
bulakból adj. truant, vagabond, sila. They wrestled with each other.
jobless mambuno’, bunuín (mang-:-in)
bulaklák n. flower • v. to wrestle. Bunuin mo nga siya.
mamulaklák (mang-) v. to bloom. Wrestle with him.
Namulaklak ang mga halaman sa bunót n. coconut husk
hardin. The plants bloomed in the búnot – bumunot, bunútin (-um-
garden. :-in) v. to pull out, to uproot, to ex-
bulalákaw n. shooting star, meteor tract. Bunutin mo ang damo. Pull
bulág adj. blind out the grass.
bulastóg adj. (sl) mean, rude, magbunot, bunútin (mag:-in) v.
boastful, rash to pull out something (a gun). Nag-
buláti n. earthworm [var. bul´ ate ] bunot siya ng baril. He pulled out a
bulból n. pubic hair gun.
bulkán n. volcano bunsó’ n. youngest in the family
bulgár Sp adj. vulgar, coarse (term of reference)
búlik adj. white and black (feather buntál – mambuntal, buntalín
of roosters) (mang-:-in) v. to give a blow, to
bulíd – mabulid (ma-) v. to fall off knock with fists. Binuntal ng bu-
or down tangero ang matanda. The gangster
bulíg n. medium-sized mudfish gave the old man a blow.
bulílit adj. dwarfish, small buntís adj. pregnant
bulók adj. decayed, spoiled, rotten buntót n. tail
bulóng – bumulong (-um-) v. to buntón n. heap, pile •
whisper, to mumble. Bumulong siya bumunton (-um-) v. to pile up, to
sa akin. He whispered to me. crowd in. Bumunton ang basura sa
magbulong, ibulong (mag-:i-) v. bangketa. The garbage piled up on
to whisper something. Ibulong mo the sidewalk.
sa kanya ang sinabi ko. Whisper to magbunton, ibunton (mag-: i-) v.
him what I said. to put into a pile, to put in a heap or
bulsá n. pocket mound. Ibunton mo ang maruming
búlto n. volume damit sa batya. Pile the dirty clothes
buluntáryo Sp n. volunteer [var. on the wash basin.
boluntáryo ] búnga n. fruit, betel nut palm
bulútong n. smallpox búngad n. front [syn. harap´ an,
bulyáw n. loud or shouted rebuke or buk´ana ]
reproach, angry and sudden shout to búngang-áraw n. prickly heat
drive away fouls and animals bungánga’ ng bulkán n. (vol-
bulyawán (-an) to shout at, to re- cano) crater
buke or reproach. Bulyawan mo ang bungkál – magbungkal, bungkalín
mga maingay na bata. Shout at the (mag-:-in) v. to till the soil, to dig
noisy children. out
bumbúnan n. crown or top of head, bungkós n. bundle, package
specially of babies when still soft bunggó’ n. impact •
bundát adj. glutted, full (so well-fed bumunggo’ (-um-) v. to hit, to
that the abdomen is distended) bump with something. Bumunggo
bundók n. mountain ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit
búni n. ringworm the wall.
búngi’ 21 buyó
mábunggo’ (ma-) v. t o hit or butangéro/a n. gangster, ruffian
bump against accidentally, to make (male/female)
an impact. Nabunggo ang kotse sa bútas n. hole
pader. The car hit the wall. butéte n. tadpole
magbunggo’, ibunggo’ (mag-:i-) búti n. goodness •
v. to ram an object against some- mabuti (ma-) adj. fine, good
thing, to bump against something. butikí’ n. lizard
Ibunggo mo ang ulo niya sa pader. bútil n. grain, cereal, kernel
Ram his head against the wall. butl íg n. little cyst-like growth on
bunggu ín (mang-:-in) v. to hit or the skin
bump against. Bungguin mo ang butó n. seed, bone
pader. (You) ram against the wall. butónes n. buttons
búngi’ n. jag, dent, notch, nick • butsé n. crop of a chicken
bungí’ adj. toothless, missing buwál – bumuwal (-um-) v. to fall
tooth down, to drop down
nabúngi’, mabúngi’ (ma-) v. mabuwal (ma-) v. to fall flat on
Nabungi siya. He lost his tooth. the ground, to pass out. Nabuwal
bungisngís n. one who giggles a lot ang puno. The tree fell.
bungó’ n. skull magbuwal, ibinuwal (mag-:i-) v.
buó’ adj. entire, complete, whole to cut down, to push down. Ibinuwal
burá – magbura, burahín (mag-:- niya ang puno. He felled the tree.
in) v. to erase, to remove traces of. buwán n. month, moon
Burahin mo ang mga maling sagot. buwáya n. crocodile
Erase the wrong answers. buwélta – bumuwélta (-um-) v. to
burdá n. embroidery • turn around, to go back, to return.
burdádo adj. embroidered Bumuelta siya pagdating sa kanto.
magburda, burdahán (mag-:-an) He turned back when he reached
v. to embroider. Burdahan mo ang the corner.
punda ng unan. Embroider the pil- ibuwélta (i-) v. to turn a vehicle
lowcase. around, to go back. Ibuwelta mo na
búrí n. a kind of palm tree ang kotse. Turn the car around.
búro n. pickles (usually green man- buwíg n. bunch or cluster of
goes) • adj. preserved in salt, picled bananas (fruits)
or salted • buwís n. tax, as on land
magburo, buruhín, iburo (mag- buwísit Ch adj. 1 jinx, ill-omened 2
:-in, i-) v. to pickle, to salt. Binuro annoying, vexing [syn. m´alas ]
niya ang manggang hilaw. He pickled buyó – mambuyo, magbuyo,
the green/unripe mangoes. ibuyo (mang-, mag-:i-) v. to incite,
buról n. hill to induce, to stimulate. Huwag mo
bus n. bus siyang ibuyo sa away. Don’t incite
busábos n. lowly slave him to quarrel.
búsal n. corncob
busál n. muzzle
busló’ n. a kind of basket
busóg adj. full, satiated •
mabusóg (ma-) v. to be full, satis-
fied, satiated (from eating). Nabusog
ako sa dami nang inihanda mo. I was
full because you served a lot of food.
ka 22 kahalíli
kabisóte Sp adj. dull headed
K kabutíhan n. goodness (búti)
kabít – kumabit (-um-) v. to
ka pron. you (sing.), second person fasten, attach, connect, to cling to.
(sing.), belongs to the ang pronoun Kumabit sa kaniya ang linta. The
set) • leech clung on to him.
ka- aff. (+ reduplication of the first mag-kabit, ikabit (mag-:i-) v. to
consonant and vowel of the verb fasten, link, join, connect something
root) means a recently completed to something. Ikabit mo ang kan-
action dado sa pinto. Put the padlock on
Ká adj. appellation for elders and the door.
distant uncles or aunts, as Ka Pedro kabulastugán n. bluff, boastfulness
or Ka Juana, from kapatid meaning (bulastóg)
‘sibling’ kabutí n. mushroom
kaánib n. partner (from ánib) kakanín n. tidbits, dainties, sweet-
káarawan n. birthday (áraw) meats, snacks (from káin)
kaáway n. enemy, opponent (from kakáw n. cocoa
áway) káki Sp n/adj. khaki (a kind of
kababáan n. lowland (from babá’) brown cloth specially used for
kababáyan n. townmate (from military uniforms)
báyan) [var. kab´
ayan ] kakilála n. acquaintance (from
kábag n. gas pain kilála)
kabán n. measure of palay, a sack, a kaeskuwéla n. classmate (from es-
cavan kuwéla)
kabáong n. coffin kadalásan (ka:-an) adv. often,
kábaret Eng n. cabaret, dance hall usually (from dalás). Kadalasan ay
kabáyo Sp n. horse hindi siya nag-aalmusal. He does
kabeséra Sp n. the head of a table not have breakfast often.
(at meal time) [var. kabiséra ] kadéna Sp n. chain [syn. tanikal´ a’ ]
kabíbi n. empty clam shell kadéna de amór n. chain of love,
kábig – kumabig, kabígin (-um- Mexican creeper
:-in) v. to draw or pull towards kadéte Sp cadet
one’s self, to collect the winnings kagabí adv. last night (from gabí)
in gambling, to gather in. Kumabig kagalít n. one with whom a person
siya ng malaki. He gathered in a big has quarreled, an enemy (fromgalít)
share. kagampán adj. in the last month of
mangkabig, kabígin (mang-:-in) pregnancy, maturity of pregnancy
v. Kabigin mo ang pinanalunan mo. (from ganáp)
Get your winnings. kagát Mal n. bite •
kabihasnán n. culture (from kumagat, kagatín (-um-:-in) v. to
bihása) bite. Kumagat siya sa aking bayabas.
kabilá’ adv. otherside She took a bite off my guava.
kábinet Eng n. cabinet, dresser mangagat, kagatín (mang-:-in) v.
kabísa Sp n. memorization • to bite. Nangangagat ang aso nila.
mangabisa, kabisáhin (mang-:-in) Their dog bites.
v. to memorize. Kabisahin mo ang kágaw n. germs, bacteria
tula. Memorize the poem. kagitná’ n. half-pint (from gitná’)
kabisádo Sp adj. memorized, káha Sp n/qnt. a pack, usually of
learned by rote cigarettes, a case
kahápon 23 kalésa
kahalíli n. successor, substitute kalabása n. pumpkin, squash
(from halíli) kalabáw n. carabao
kahápon adv. yesterday (from kalabít n. touching with the tip of
hápon) the finger •
kaháti’ n. shareholder, share (from mangalabít, kalabitín (mang-:-in)
háti’) v. Huwag kang mangalabit ng tao.
kaháwig adj. similar, resemble Don’t touch the person.
(hawíg) kalabóg n. crashing sound of a fallen
kahél n. a citrus tree of the sweet or- body
ange variety, producing fruit that is kalabós Sp n. prison, jail •
usually sweet but occasionally sour ikalabos (i-) v. imprison. Ikinalabos
[syn. daland´ an ] siya ng pulis. The police imprisoned
kahéra/o Sp n. cashier (feminine/ him.
masculine) kalákal n. merchandise, goods
káhig n. scratching off a loose kalág adj. untied, loosened
surface, as soil scratched off by kalagúyo’ n. intimate friend,
chickens • paramour, concubine (from lagúyo’)
kumahig, kahígin (-um- :in) v. kalaháti’ adj. half (from háti’)
Kumahin ng lupa ang manok. The kaláhi’ adj. of the same race (from
chicken scratched the ground. Kahi- láhi’)
gin mo ang mga dahong nahulog sa kalamansí’ n. small citrus fruit
lupa. Rake the leaves off the ground. kalámbre Sp n. cramp
káhit ( + na) conj. although, even kalán n. stove
if, in spite of kalansáy n. skeleton
kahól n. bark of a dog [var. tah´ ol ] kálang sp n. wedge
kahón Sp n/qnt. box, crate, drawer kalapáti n. dove, pigeon
of a table kalás adj. unstitched, untied, dis-
káhoy n. wood, lumber, tree connected, detached •
kahulugán n. meaning, significance kumalas (-um-) v. to break away
kaibígan n. friend (from íbig) from, to untie, to unstitch. Kumalas
kailá’ – mag-kaila’, ikaila’ (mag-:i- siya sa kaniyang barkada. He broke
) v. to deny, to profess ignorance of. away from his gang.
Ikinaila niya ang nangyari. He de- mag-kalas, kalasín (mag-:-in) v.
nied what happened. to rip apart, to detach, to discon-
kailán int. when [var. kayl´an, kel´
an ]. nect, to untie, to unstitch. Kalasin
Kailan ang kasal? When is the wed- mo ang aking tinahi. Rip apart what
ding?. Kaylan man... At any time... I sewed.
kailángan pv. need, ought, must, kálat n. litter, things left scattered
necessary, indispensable about •
káin – pagkain (pag-) n. food, act mag-kalát (mag-) v. to spread out.
of eating • Nag-kalat siya ng tsismis. She/He
kumain, kaínin (-um-:-in) v. to spread the gossip.
eat. Kumain siya nang marami. She kalatsútsi n. plumeria (frangipani)
ate a lot. kálaw n. hornbill (bird)
mangain (mang-) v. to eat. Nan- kaláwang n. rust
gain ng tao ang leon. The lion ate kaláwit n. hook
the people. kalaykáy n. rake
kaingín n. slash and burn agricul- kalbó n. bald, hairless
ture kaldéro n. kettle
kalíkot 24 kampón
kalésa n. horse-drawn rig of chaise, kamagóng n. mahogany
a two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a kamálig n. warehouse, granary
horse kamandág n. poison
kalíkot n. a slender tuba with a pok- kamatáyan n. death (from patáy)
ing rod with which to crush and mix kamátis n. tomatoes
kalikútin (-in) v. to poke and stir or kamatsilé n. guamachile
poke and scrape into a hole. Huwag kamáy n. hand
mong kalikutin ang ilong mo. Don’t kambál n. twin (term of reference)
poke your finger in your nose. kambíng n. goat
kaligíran n. environment, surround- kamí n. we (exclusive, I and others)
ings (from lígid) kaminéro Sp n. street cleaner
kalíhim n. secretary (from líhim) kamisadéntro Sp n. long-sleeved
[syn. sekretarya ] shirt
kalindáryo Sp n. calendar kamisats íno Sp n. outside shirt that
kalingkíngan n. little finger is closed-necked, and without collar
kaliskís n. fish scales and lapel
kaliwá’ adj. left, left side kamiséta n. undershirt
kaliwéte adj. left-handed kamisóla Sp n. lady’s shirt dress
kálma adj. calm, quiet [syn. best´ido]
kalóg – kumalog (-um-) v. to kamisón n. chemise
rattle, to shake. Kumalog ang bola kamít – magkamit, kamitín
sa kahon. The ball rattled around (mag-:-in) v. to obtain, to gain, to
in the box. get an award. Nagkamin siya ng
mangalog, kalugín, ikalog (mag- malaking gantimpala. He obtained a
:-in, i-) v. to shake or rattle the large award.
contents of a box or bottle. Huwag kámot – kumamot, kamútin
mong kalugin ang itlog sa kahon. (-um-:-in) v. to scratch (one’s self).
Don’t shake the eggs around in the Kumamot na lang siya ng ulo. He
box. just scratched his head. Kinamot
kálong – kumalong (-um-) v. to na lang niya ang ulo niya. All he
sit on one’s lap. Kumalong ang bata could do was scratch his head (in
sa kandungan ng nanay niya. The exasperation).
child sat on his mother’s lap. magkamót (mag-) v. to scratch
mangalong, kalúngin, ikalong (repeatedly). Nagkamot siya ng ulo.
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to hold on one’s lap, He scratched his head.
to take someone, something on your mangamot (mang-) v. to scratch
lap. Kalungin mo ang bata. Take somebody. Nangamot ang pusa ng
the child on your lap. tao. The cat scratched the people.
kalsonsílyo Sp n. briefs, under- kamóte n. sweet potato, yam
shorts [var. karsons´ilyo] kamóteng-káhoy n. cassava or
káluluwa n. spirit, soul tapioca plant
kálye Sp n. road, street [syn. da´ an, kampána’ Sp n. bell
kals´ada ] kampánya Sp n. campaign
kályo n. corn (feet) kampeón Sp n. champion
káma n. b ed kampí – kumampi, kampihán (-
kamakalawa adv. day before yester- um-:-an) v. to take sides. Kumampi
day (from dalawá) siya sa akin. She took my side (per-
kamag-ának n. relative (term of ref- taining to an argument).
erence) kámpo Sp n. camp, field
kámya 25 kapitán/a del báryo
kampón n. disciple, follower kantína Sp n. snack bar, metal flask
kámya n. white/yellow ginger or for carrying liquids
ginger lily kánto Sp n. street corner
kanál n. canal kanyón Sp n. cannon
kánan adj. right (side) kangkóng n. swamp-cabbage,
kandóng adj. held on the lap • watercress
kandúngan n. lap káong n. palm (cabo negro)
kanáryo Sp n. canary kapá’ – kumapa’ v. to grope, to
kandádo n. padlock, lock feel about
kandidáto Sp n. candidate mangkapa’, kapaín (mang-:-in)
kandíla’ Sp n. candle v. to grope for something, to feel
kandúli’ n. salt water catfish about for something. Nangapa siya
kanéla n. cinnamon sa dilim. He groped in the dark.
kanilá pron. (sa-pronoun) their, kapág conj/adv. (single events
theirs viewed as completed in the future)
kánin n. cooked rice (boiled), if, when, in case, whenever [var.
steamed rice pag, paka, kapagka, pagka]. Kapag
kanína adv. a little while ago, ear- ginawa mo iyan... If you do that...
lier. Sinabi ko na po sa inyo kanina kapál n. thickness •
na... I just told you a little while ago makapal (ma-) adj. thick
that... kapaláran n. luck, forture, fate
kaníno int. whose (from pálad)
kanitá pron. (sa-dual pronoun) kapanganákan n. birthday (from
yours and mine, of the two of us; for anák)
the two of us kapangyaríhan n. power, authority
kaniyá pron. (sa- pronoun) his, her, kapatás n. foreman
hers, for him/her [syn. kat´ a/kit´a ] kapatíd n. brother or sister, sibling
kaniyá’ conj. therefore, as a result, (term of reference)
consequently [var. kanya’, kaya’ ]. kapkáp – kapkapán (-an) v. to feel
Kaniya siya umalis... The reason he or frisk (the pockets). Kinapkapan
left... siya ng pulis. The policeman frisked
kanlóng – kumanlong (-um-) v. him.
to hide from view, to take shelter kapé Sp n. coffee • adj. brown or tan
or cover. Kumanlong siya sa ilalim (color)
ng puno. He took shelter under the kapetírya Sp n. cafeteria
tree. kápit – kumápit, kapítan (-um-:-
magkanlong, ikanlong (mag-:i-) an) v. to hold, to grasp. Kumapit
v. to hide something from view. siya sa akin. He held onto me.
Ikinanlong niya ang binilad sa ikápit (i-) v. to attach to, to
silong. He brought in from under connect to, to anchor. Ikapit mo ang
the house the clothes that he had kamay mo sa balikat ng bata. Put
been hanging to dry. your hand on the child’s shoulder.
kanlúran n. western, west, occiden- magkápit (mag-) v. to hold onto
tal each other, to join hands. Magkapit
kantá n. song [syn. ´awit, aw´itin ] • kayo at baka kayo mahulog. Hold
umawit, awitin (-um-:-in) v. to onto each other’s hands because you
sing. Awitin mo ang bagong kanta. might fall.
Sing the new song. kapitán/a Sp n (masculine/ fem-
kantéro Sp n. mason inine). captain
kapitalísta 26 katawán
kapitán/a del báryo n (mascu- kartamunéda n. purse [var. porta-
line/ feminine). captain, head of monéda ]
the barrio kartéro n. mailman, postman
kapitalísta Sp n. capitalist kartolína n. cardboard, bristol
kápit-báhay n. neighbor, next-door board
neighbor kartón Sp n. pasteboard, binder’s
kapitéra Sp n. coffee pot board
kápok n. kapok, cotton tree kasabáy adv. together, at the same
kapón Sp adj. castrated, gelded time, simultaneously (from sabáy)
kapós adj. insufficient, lacking, kasál n. wedding
wanting kasalánan n. fault, sin (from sála)
kapóte n. raincoat kasalukúyan adv. at the present
kaprítso Sp n. caprice, whim, fancy time
kápwa pron. kindred, both, fellow- kasáma n. a companion, tenant,
beings, equally (applied to one of farm help (from sáma) •
a pair). Kapwa sila magnanakaw. magkasama (mag-) adj. being
They are fellow thieves. Kapwa sila together • adv. in company with,
malakas. They are equally strong. along with
karamdáman n. ailment, sickness kasangkápan n. household belong-
(from damdám) [syn. sak´it ] ings, tools, furniture, equipment
karangálan n. honor (from dangál) (from sangkáp)
[syn. p´
uri ] kasápi’ n. member (from sápi’)
karaníwan adj. ordinary, common, kaskó Sp n. long river boat with
usual sheltering roofings at either end,
karapatán n. rights and privileges navigated by pushing with long
karáyom n. needle poles
karbón n. coal kaséro/a n. landlord, landlady
karbúro Sp n. carbide kaseróla n. casserole, pan
kárdinal n. cardinal kasí conj. because
karéra Sp n. race, racing, career, kasílyas n. toilet, restroom or com-
profession fort room
karetéla n. two-wheeled cartlike kasintáhan n. sweetheart, fi-
horsedrawn passenger-and-freight ance/fiancee
vehicle kásiya adj. sufficient, enough, ade-
kargá Sp n. load, burden, freight • quate, fit
adj. carried, loaded káso Sp n. case in court, disagree-
kargadór n. porter, baggage carrier, ment
stevedor kastányas n. chestnuts
karíhan n. local restaurant kasúy n. cashew nuts
karindería n. small store where katá pron. the two of us
food is served kátad n. animal skin, leather
kárit n. sickle, scythe katám n. carpenter’s planer
karitón n. cart katangían n. characteristic (from
karnabál n. carnival, fair tángi’)
karné n. meat katapusán n. end, conclusion (from
kárne nórte n. corned beef (usually tápos)
canned) katarúngan n. justice, equity (from
károt n. carrot taróng)
karpentéro n. carpenter katás n. sap, juice
kátay 27 kíkel
katawán n. body kay part. singular sa proper noun
kátay – kumatay, magkatay, marker, also marks possession, the
katáyin (-um-:mag-:-in) v. to pluralform is kina, to, from, for
butcher, to cut into slices, especially kaysá conj. than, more than.
meat, to slaughter. Kinatay ng Matamis kaysa asukal. Sweeter than
matadero ang baka. The butcher sugar.
butchered the cow. káya n. competence, ability
káti’ n. lowtide kayá’ conj. perhaps, maybe, so,
katí – makati (ma-) adj. itchy, that’s why, therefore. Kaya ako
scratchy naparito... I have come here so
katók n. sharp knock or rap [syn. that.... Kaya siya... That’s why...
tukt´ok ] • mod. perchance, perhaps, might,

katolikó n. Roman Catholic expresses doubt or possibility of

katotohánan n. truth (from totoó) choice). Ano kaya ang iniutos mo
kátre n. bed sa kanya? What perchance did you
katúlong n. helper, maid, houseboy order him to do?. Baka kaya nawala
(from túlong) siya. He might have gotten lost.
katungkúlan n. occupation, office, káyag – mangkayag, kayágin
official designation (from tungkól) (mang-:-in) v. to invite, to induce
katuwíran n. reason (from tuwíd) [var. y´akag ]. Kayagin mo ang ibig
káunti adj. little, few sumama. Invite the ones that want
kaúsap n. person with whom one is to come along.
conversing (from úsap) • kayamánan n. wealth, richness
kausápin (-in) v. to talk with kayimíto n. star-apple [var.
káwa n. big kettle kaym´ito]
kawág n. movement of hands and/or kayó pron. you (plural)
feet, specially when swimming or káyod – kumayod, kayúrin,
drowning, also movement of wings magkayod (-um-:-in; mag-) v. to
káwal n. soldier scrape, to grate. Kumayod kami ng
kawáli n. frying pan niyog. We scraped the coconut.
kawáwa adj. pitiful magkayod, kayúdin (mag-:-in).
kawáy – kumaway, kawayán Kayurin mo ang niyog. Grate the
(-um-:-an) v. to wave with the coconut.
hand. Kumaway siya sa akin bago kayumanggí adj. brown (race, com-
umalis. He waved at me before he plexion, color)
left. kayurán n. grater
kawáyan n. bamboo kéndi n. candy
káwit n. hook • kerída Sp n. paramour, mistress
kumawit (-um-) v. to get hooked. [syn. bab´ai, bab´
ae ]
Kumawit ang pantalon niya sa pako. kérot n. carrot
He caught his trousers on the nail. késo n. cheese
makawit (ma-) v. to get hooked ac- kétong Ch n. leprosy
cidentally. Nakawit ang bagong pan- kétsap n. ketsup
talon niya ng pako. His new pair of kibó’ – kumibo’ (-um-) v. to talk,
pants was caught by a nail. to move, to stir. Kumibo ka naman
magkawit, kawítin, ikawit (mag- diyan. Say something.
:-in:i-) v. to hook something. Ikawit kibuín (-in) v. to break the silence
mo ang alambre sa pako. Hook the with someone by talking
wire on the nail. kibót n. throb, pulsation
kidlát 28 koléhiyo
kíkel n. carpenter’s file [syn. k´ikil ] bag tightly under your arm.
kidlát n. lightning • kípot – makipot (ma-) adj. nar-
kumidlat (-um-) v. to flash as of row, tight •
lightning. Kumidlat kagabi. There magkipot, kipútan (mag-:-an) v.
was lightning last night. to make tighter. Kiputan mo ang
kilábot n. goose-pimples, gooseflesh tabas ng pantalon. Tighten the cut
kilalá adj. famous, well-known, of the trousers.
acquainted with one another kirí Ch adj. coquettish, flirtatious
(magkakilála) • kirót n. stinging pain
magkakilála, makilála (mag-:ma- kisamé n. ceiling
) v. to happen to know, to happen kiskís – kumiskis (-um-) v. to rub
to meet, to become acquainted against a surface. Kumiskis ang
kílay n. eyebrow magaspang na tela sa balat niya.
kílik – kumilik, magkilik, kilíkin The rough cloth rubbed on his skin.
(-um-:mag-:-in) v. to carry against magkiskis, ikiskis (mag-:i-) v. to
the hips. Kilikin mo ang bata. Carry rub something against a surface.
the child on your hip. Ikiskis mo ang kutsilyo sa bato. Rub
kilikíli n. armpit the knife against the stone.
kilíg – mangkilig, kiligín (mang-:- kísig – makisig (ma-) adj. hand-
in) v. to shudder, to shiver, to chill. some/dashing, elegant, well-dressed
Kinilig siya sa ginaw. She shivered (man)
with cold. kisláp n. sparkle
kíling n. inclination towards a side kíta n. earnings, salary, wage •
adj. inclined towards a side kumita, kitáin (-um-:-in) v. to
kilití’ n. ticklish feeling, tickle earn. Kumita siya ng malaki sa
kílo n/quan. kilogram kompanya. He earned a lot at the
kímiko n. chemical company.
kiná part. plural sa-proper noun kíta – magkita (mag-) v. to meet, to
marker, for see each other, to find. Nagkita sila
kinakapatíd n. godbrother or sister sa sine. They saw each other at the
kináng – makinang (ma-) adj. glit- movie.
tering kitikití n. mosquito larva
kindát n. wink (of the eye) kítid – makitid (ma-) adj. narrow
kiníg – makinig (ma-) v. to listen. kliénte Sp n. client
Makikinig ako ng program sa radyo kláse n. class, kind
bukas. I’ll listen to the radio program klérk n. clerk
tomorrow. klíma n. climate, weather [syn.
kinína Sp n. quinine panah´ on ]
kínis – makinis (ma-) adj. smooth, klínika n. clinic
fine ko pron. I, my, mine
kinse num. fifteen kobradór n. bill collector
kintáb – makintab adj. shiny kódigó Sp n. codes of laws of rules,
kintsáy n. Chinese celery (kinchay) (sl) notes hidden by students during
kínse num. fifteen examinations
kipkíp – magkipkip, kipkipín kolektá – mangkolekta, kolek-
(mag-:-in) v. to carry under the tahín (mang-:-in) v. to collect
armpit, to carry with the arm something, to gather. Nangolekta
pressed against the b ody. Kipkipin siya ng abuloy para sa patay. He
mong mabuti ang bag mo. Hold the collected contributions for the dead.
koloréte 29 kulóg
koléhiyo n. college krúdo n. oil
koloréte Sp n. rouge krus Sp n. cross [var. kur´ us ]
kolyár Sp n. collar, especially for an- kúba’ n. hunchback
imals kubábaw n. astride over the top
komádre Sp n. lady sponsor in bap- kubéta Sp n. pail (to receive refuse),
tism, confirmation or matrimony of toilet [syn. kas´ilyas ]
one’s child [var. kum´ adre ] kublí adj. hidden, away from prying
komadróna Sp n. midwife [syn. eyes
h´ilot ] kúbo n. hut
kombénto n. convent, rectory kubradór Sp n. bill collector
kométa n. comet kubrekáma Sp n. bedspread
kómika adj. comical kubyértos Sp n. table-silver (spoon,
kómiks n. comics fork, knife), a meal, as a unit or order
kompádre Sp n. male sponsor in in a restaurant, different from short
baptism, confirmation or matrimony orders
of one’s child [syn. kump´ adre ] kukó n. fingernail
kompiyánsa Sp n. confidence, kudkód adj. (kinudkód) grated •
reliance, courage, firmness of magkudkod, kudkúrin (mag-:-in)
opinion v. to grate. Kudkurin mo ang niyog.
kompléto Sp adj. complete Grate the coconut.
kondoktór/a n. conductor of a pub- kudkúran [r.w. kudk´ ud ] n. grater,
lic vehicle (male/female) shredder
kondól n. wax gourd kudrádo Sp adj. square
konsehál/a n. councilor (male/female) kugón n. cogon grass
kontribusyón n. contribution kúha – kumuha, kuhánin (-um-:-
kongkréto adj. concrete, made of in) v. to get, to obtain. Kumukuha
cement siya ng tubig sa poso. He is getting
kópya n. a copy • water from the well.
kopyahín (-in) v. to copy. Kopyahin kuhól n. snail
mo ang leksyon sa pisara. Copy the kulambó’ n. mosquito net
lesson on the board. kuláni’ Sp adj. swelling of the lym-
Koreano/a n. Korean (male/female) patic gland, especially in the grain
kóro n. chorus, choir kúlang – magkulang (mag-)
koróna n. crown adj. short, incomplete, lacking,
koronasyón n. a program or ball insufficient, inadequate
where a beauty queen is crowned kúlay n. color
kórse n. girdle, corset makulay (ma-) colorful
kórte Sp n. shape [syn. h´ugis ] kulíg n. suckling pig [syn. bi´ik ]
kórto n. short pants kulisáp n. insect
kostúmbre Sp n. custom, habit, kulíti’ n. stye (in the eye) [var.
tradition [syn. ug´ali’ ] kul´itiw ]
kótse n. car, automobile [syn. ´awto] kulítis n. native spinach
kótso Sp n. thick-soled lady’s slip- kuló’ – magpakulo’, pakuluín
pers (magpa-:pa-in) v. to boil water.
krayóla n. crayons Nagpakulo si Marta ng tubig para
kréma n. crean sa kape. Marta boiled water for the
krim n. cream coffee.
krímen Sp n. crime kulóg n. thunder •
kriminál Sp n. criminal kumulog (-um-) v. to thunder. Ku-
kulóng 30 kurbáta
mulog nang malakas. It thundered clothes), to mend. Nagkukumpune
loudly. siya ng sirang kasangkappan. He
kulóng n. canal, pen, prison, cage fixes broken appliances.
[syn. haula, kulung´ an ] • adj. sur- Kumunísta Sp n. Communist
rounded, encircled, imprisoned, kumunóy n. quicksand
jailed • kumustá Sp n. regards, greeting
ikulong (i-) v. to cage, imprison. form. Kumusta ka? How are you?
Ikulong mo ang ibon. Cage the bird. mangkumusta, kumustahín
kulungán n. cage, prison (from (mang-:-in) v. to inquire about the
kulóng) condition of the health of a person.
kulót adj. curly, wavy • Kumustahin mo ang maysakit. Say
magkulot, kulutín (mag-:-in) v. to hello to the sick.
give a permanent, to make curly or kúnat n. ductility, resiliency •
wavy. Nagkukulot si Ingrid ng buhok. makunat (ma-) adj. stingy,
Ingrid curls hair. resilient
kulubóng n. protecting mantle over kundí’ conj. but, on the contrary.
something, or a person, especially Kung hindi. If not for; nothing but.
the latter’s head kundíman n. native song
kulubót adj. wrinkled kunduktór Sp n. conductor (in
kulugó n. wart buses or trains)
kumádre Sp n. lady sponsor in a kuného Sp n. rabbit
baptism, confirmation or wedding kunsentidór Sp n. person allowing
(masculine form is kumpádre) or approving acts that are not sup-
kumáre Sp n. derived from the posed to be done
Spanish word comadre, a reciprocal kunsumisyón Sp n. vexation, exas-
appellation for the godmother or peration [syn. yam´ ot ]
for the child’s mother. Kumpare kunsúmo Sp n. consumption (of
(masculine form) provisions, fuel, mechandise, etc.)
kumbidádo Sp n. invited guest kunwá’/kunwári’ adv. simulatedly
kumedór Sp n. dining room kung conj. when, whenever, if
kúmot n. blanket, bed sheet during (conjunction used to indicate
kumpás Sp kumumpas (-um-) v. non-actual occurrences viewed as
to beat, as a conductor of a band or unreal, hypothetical or repeated)
orchestra, to gesture with the hand. (+ di) if not (+ maári’) whether
Kumumpas siya sa harap ng banda. possible (+ minsan) sometimes (+
He conducted in front of the band. paano) how done (+ saan) where
kumpíl Sp n. Sacrament of Confir- kúpad n. sluggishness, slowness in
mation working
kumpisál Sp mangumpisal, kupás adj. faded, out of date, out of
magkumpisal, ikumpisál (mang- use
:mag-:i-) v. to confess. Nangumpisal kupkóp adj. kept and protected
siya sa pare. She confessed to the under one’s care, held against one’s
priest. chest, as a mother holding a child
kumpól n. bunch, cluster kúpit n. pilfering, filching
kumpórme Sp adj. agreeable, con- kurál Sp n. corral, pen [syn.
firming, resigned, satisfied kulung´an ]
kumpuní Sp magkumpuni, kuráles Sp n. coral stone
kumumpuni, kumpunihín (mag- kúrba Sp n. curve
:-um-:-in) v. to repair, to alter (as in kurbádo Sp adj. curved
kurdón 31 kúya
kurbáta Sp n. tie, necktie in the basin.
kurdón Sp n. round cord kustílyas Sp n. ribs, chops
kurípot adj. stingy kusturéra Sp n. female cutter (in a
Kurismá Sp n. Lent milliner’s shop)
kúro’ n. opinion, estimate kúta n. fort
kurót – kumurot (-um-) v. to take kutíng n. kitten
a piece kútis Sp n. skin surface
mangkurot, kurutín (mang-:-in) kúto n. lice
v. to pinch. Nangungurot siya kapag kutós – mangkutos, kutusán
natutuwa’. She pinches people when (mang-:-an) v. to give a knuckle
she’s happy. blow on the head. Nangugutos siya
kursé Sp n. corset kapag maingay ka. She raps people’s
kursó n. diarrhea • heads with knuckles when you’re
magkurso, kursohín (mag-:-in) v. noisy.
to suffer from diarrhea, to be sick kutsára Sp n. spoon
of diarrhea. Baka ka kursohin kapag kutsaríta Sp n. teaspoon
kain ka nang kain. If you keep on kutséro Sp n. rig driver
eating you might get diarrhea. kutsílyo Sp n. knife
kursunáda Sp n. impulse of the kutsón Sp n. cushion
heart, liking kutyá’ – mangkutya’, kutyaín
kurtína n. curtain (mang-:-in) v. to mock, to scorn, to
kurús n. cross [var. krus ] ridicule, to deride. Kinutya niya ang
kuryénte n. electric current mga kaaway niya. He ridiculed his
kúsa’ adj. spontaneous, initiative enemies.
kúsang-loób adj. voluntary kuwadérno Sp n. notebook
kuskós – magkuskós, kuskósin kuwádro Sp n. picture frame
(mag-:-in) v. to scrub. Kuskusin mo kuwágo Sp n. owl
ang sahig. Scrub the floor. kuwáko n. pipe (for smoking)
magkuskos, ikuskos (mag-:i-) kuwádra Sp n. stable for horses
v. to scrub with. Ikuskos mo ang kuwan pro. whatchamacallit (used
basahan sa sahig. Scrub the floor in place of an idea not immediately
with the rag. expressible)
kuskus-balúngos n. superfluity of kuwarésma n. holy week, season
statements, requisitions or details kuwárta n. money [var. kuw´ alta ]
kusína Sp n. kitchen kuwárto n. bedroom
kusinéro/a Sp n. cook kuwárto num. one quarter, one-
kusinílya Sp n. gas stove fourth, fifteen minutes
kusíng n. a coin worth half a centavo kuwátro num. four
kusót adj. rumpled, crumpled [syn. kuwéba n. cave
gus´
ot ] • kuwélyo n. collar
makusot (ma-) v. to get wrinkled. kuwénta Sp n. account, debt
Nakusot ang damit ko sa kauupo. kuwénto n. story, narration, short
My dress got wrinkled in sitting story [syn. ist´
orya ] •
down. magkuwento, ikuwento (mag-
magkusot, kusutín (mag-:-in) :i-) v. to tell or relate a story.
v. to crumple, to wash clothes by Ikuwento mo ang nangyari. Tell
rubbing vigorously. Kusutin mo ang what happened.
damit sa batya. Wash the dress (by kuwintás n. necklace
rubbing vigorously) with your hands kuwítis n. sky-rocket, fireworks
daán 32 dalángin
kúya n. older brother (term of ad- flat of the hand. Dagukan mo siya
dress, reference) kasi hindi siya nakikinig. Give him
a blow on the neck because he does
not listen.
D dagsá’ n. sudden tumultuous and
confusing flow, jumble, or bustle of
daán num. a unit of hundred people or things
daán n. road, street, way [syn. dagtá’ n. sap, juice
alye ] •
k´ dáhan – madahan (ma-) adj. slow
dumaan (-um-) v. to pass by. dahan-dahan adv. slowly
Dumaan ka sa bahay nila. :Drop in dahás n. 1 force, violence of action
(for a short visit) at their house. [syn. puwérsa, lak´as ] 2 intrepidity
magdaan, idaan (mag-:i-) v. to [syn. tapang ] 3 ruthlessness [syn.
drop something by. Idaan mo sa lup´it, bang´is, bags´ik ]
kanila ang regalo. Go over to their dáhil conj. because, reason, cause,
house and deliver my gift. in account of, through this...
dábog – dumabóg (-um-) v. to dahilán n. reason, cause
stamp the feet in irritation or dáhon n. leaf of a plant or book
vexation. Huwag kang dumabog. daíg adj. surpassed, excelled, beaten
Don’t stomp your feet. [syn. t´alo]
dakíla’ adj. great, eminent, majes- daigdíg n. world, universe
tic, noble dáing n. dried fish
dáko’ n. spot, place daíng n. complaint •
dakót – dumakot, dakutín (-um-:- dumaíng (-um-) v. to moan, to
in) v. to grasp a handful. Dumakot complain. Dumaing siya sa sakit ng
ka ng kaunti. Grasp a handful. sugat. He moaned due to the pain
mandakót (man-) v. to grasp some- caused by the wound.
thing. Nandakot siya ng maraming magdaíng, idaíng (mag-:i-) v. to
salapi. He grabbed a lot of money. express one’s suffering, lamentation
dagá’ n. rat, mouse or distress. Idinaing niya ang sama
dagán – dumagan, mangdagan (- ng loob niya. He lamented over his
um-:mang-) v. to put one’s weight on hurt feelings.
something. Dumagan sa kaniya ang dalá n. load •
malaking puno. He/She was crushed magdala; dalahín (mag-:-in) v. to
by a big tree. carry, to bring or take away. Magdala
magdagán, idagán (mag-:-i) v. to ka ng pagkain. Bring some food.
put a weight, to press, to put some- dalág n. mud fish
thing over something. Idagan mo ang dalága n. unmarried woman
kaban ng bigas sa kahon. Place the dalahíra’ adj. 1 (applied to women)
sack of rice on the box. gossipy [syn. sats´ at, dald´
al, dal-
dágat n. ocean, sea daléra, tsism´osa ] 2 provocative, free
dagdág – magdagdág, idagdág, and easy [syn. land´i’ ]
dagdagán (mag-:i-:-an) v. to add, dalamháti’ n. extreme sorrow, grief
to supplement, to increase. Dagda- dalámpasígan n. beach
gan mo ang pera. Add some more dalandán n. orange (fruit)
money. dálang – madalang (ma-) adj. few,
dágok – mangdagok, dagúkan not frequent
(mang-:-an) v. to give a blow on dalángin n. prayer •
the nape of the neck, or with the dumalangin, mangdalangin,
dalás 33 dánas
idalangin (-um:mang-:i-) v. to rise on the hind legs usually said of
pray fervently. Dumalangin siya sa a four-footed animal, to fall all over
Diyos. She prayed to God. someone. Dumamba ang aso kaya
dalás – madalás (ma-) adj. of- ako’y natigilan. The dog fell over
ten, frequent, regular. Madalas me so I got shocked.
siyang mangumpisal. He confesses dambána’ n. shrine, altar [syn.
frequently. simb´ ahan; alt´
ar ]
dálaw – dumalaw, daláwin (-um- damdámin n. feeling
:-in) v. to visit, to make a call damdám – maramdamin (ma-,-
dalawá num. two • in) adj. overly sensitive •
makadalawá (maka-) v. to be makaramdam (maka-) v. to
able to obtain, get something twice. be able to feel, to be sensitive.
Nakadalawa siya ng kendi. He was Nakaramdam siya ng bahagyang
able to get two pieces of candy. pananakit ng katawan. She felt some
makadalawá (maka-) adv. (with aching of her body.
sa) the day before yesterday magdamdam, damdamin
daldál adj. talkative (mag-:in) v. to feel bad about.
dalí’ – madalí’ (ma-) adj. easy, Nagdamdam na naman si Maria sa
quick, prompt, not difficult sinabi ko. Maria is feeling bad again
dalíri’ n. finger, toe about what I said.
dalísay adj. clean, pure, clear, dámi – madami (ma-) adj. plenty,
chaste many [var. marami ]
dálita’ – maralitá’ (ma-) adj. indi- damít n. clothing, dress [syn. b´ aro,
gent, poor best´ido]
daló – dumalo, daluhan (-um-:- damó n. grass, weeds
an) v. to attend some affair, meeting dámot – madámot (ma-) adj. self-
or party. Dinaluhan niya ang aking ish [var. maramot ]
kaarawan. He attended my birthday dampá’ n. hut, hovel (poor and
party. small) [syn. b´arong-b´
arong ]
dalubhása adj/n. expert, specialist dampí’ Mal n. light and gentle
[syn. espérto] touch (as by the soft gentle breeze
dalúyong n. tidal wave on one’s skin),light and gentle
dálya n. dahlia flower application of ointment (as on
dáma n. a native game of chess of wounds)
checkers dampót – dumampot, dámpotin,
Dáma de Nótse n. (Lady of the dámputin (-um-:-in) v. to pick up
Night), brunfelsia with the hand from the floor. Nakita
damág – magdamag (mag-) adv. ko siyang dumampot ng panyo. I saw
the whole night her picking up the handkerchief from
dámay – dumámay (-um-) v. to the floor.
help, to console, to sympathize. Du- mangdampot (mang-) v. to pick
mamay sila sa amin. They helped up something from the floor more
us. than once [var. mandampot ]. Mang-
mangdamay, idamay (mang-:i-) dampot ka nang mangdampot hang-
v. to involve others (without notice) gang gusto mo. You can pick up as
in a sort of unpleasant situation. long as you like.
Huwag mo kaming idamay. Don’t damúlag n. land monster, carabao
involve us (in this mess). [syn. kalab´
aw; tamar´ aw ]
dambá – dumamba (-um-) v. to dánas – káranasan (ka-:-an) n.
dangál 34 derétso
experience • dátu n. ruling head of a clan, or tribe
makadanas, makaranas v. to daúngan n. port, wharf
experience. Makakaranas ka rin ng daw prt. it is said; so (somebody)
kahirapan. You will also experience said (expresses that the sentence
poverty. represents the saying of someone
dangál n. honor, reputation other than the speaker. The person
dangkál n. span from tip of thumb so quoted may be the agent of the
to tip of middle finger sentence itself.) [var. raw (after
dapá’ – dumapa’ (-um-) v. to lie vowels).]. Aalis ka raw. You’re
flat on one’s chest. Dumapa ka kapag leaving, (I’m told).
may narinig kang putok. Lie down dáya’ – mangdaya, magdaya,
when you hear the sound of a gun. dayáin (mang-:mag-:-in) v. to
madapa (ma-) v. to fall unexpect- trick, to cheat, to deceive, to delude.
edly, to stumble Huwag kang magtangkang dayain
magdapa, idapa (mag-:i-) v. to lay ako. Don’t attempt to cheat me.
someone flat on his stomach or chest mandáraya’ (mang-) deceiver,
dapá’ n. fish,rough scaled brill sole cheater
dápat adj. worthy, deserving, fit, dayámi n. hay
apt, adequate, proper, necessary • dáyap n. lime (native), lemon
pv. must, ought to, should. Dapat dayukdók adj. extremely hungry
gawin ito. This ought to be done. debáte Sp n. debate, dispute [syn.
daplís adj. barely missing pagtat´alo]
dapó’ – dumapo, dapúan (-um:- dedál Sp n. thimble [var. didal ]
an) v. to alight (as a bird, butterfly, deláta Sp n. canned goods
etc.) on something. Dumapo ang delegádo Sp n. delegate
ibon sa bintana. The bird alighted delegasyón Sp n. delegation
on the window. delikádo Sp adj. fragile, delicate,
dumapo, dapuan (-um-:-an) to get weak, picky
sick. Dinapuan siya ng matinding delíryo Sp n. delirium [var. dil´iryo]
karamdaman. He caught a serious demánda Sp n. complaint, accusa-
illness. tion •
dápo’ n. orchid magdemanda, idemanda (mag-
darák n. rice bran :i-) v. to bring a case to court,
dasál n. prayer • to accuse. Ididemanda ko siya sa
magdasal, dasalin; idasal (mag-:- ginawa niya sa akin. I will bring a
in,i-) v. to say a prayer case against him in court.
dátapwa’t conj. but, however [syn. demokrásya Sp n. democracy •
ng´unit, sub´alit (usually with t) (coor- demokrátiko Sp adj. democratic
dinating particle used to express con- demónyo Sp n. demon, devil [syn.
trasts)] diy´ablo] • intj. the deuce [var.
dáti adj. former, previous adv. for dim´ onyo]
a long time already, formerly, it is dentísta Sp n. dentist
sometimes closely joined departaménto Sp n. department
datíng n. arrival, coming • [syn. k´agawaran ]
dumatíng, datnán (-um-:-an) v. to depósitó Sp n. money deposited in
arrive; to find someone or something a bank •
upon arrival. Dinatnan niyang patay magdeposito, ideposito (mag-:i-)
na ang tatay niya. On his arrival, he v. to make a deposit in the bank, to
found his father dead. store up
desgrásya 35 dilihénsiya
derétso Sp adj. straight, direct [syn. dingding. Paste your picture on the
tuwid; direkto] • n. rights [syn. kara- wall.
patan ] díko Ch n. appellation to the second
desgrásya Sp n. 1 misfortune [syn. eldest brother by younger brothers,
sakun´a’,aksidénte ] 2 disgrace [syn. sisters, and cousins
kahihiyan, kasir´ aang-p´ uri ] [var. diksiyonáryo n. dictionary
disgrasya ] diktá – magdiktá, idiktá (mag-:i-)
desmayá Sp n. swooning, fainting v. to dictate. Huwag kang magdikta
fit ng mabilis para hindi ako mahirapan.
despálko Sp dumespalko, Don’t dictate fast so I won’t have a
mangdespalko, despalkohin hard time catching up.
(-um-,mang-:-in) v. to embezzle, to diktadór Sp n. dictator
swindle. Dumespalko siya ng malak- didál n. thimble [var. ded´ al ]
ing pera kaya siya ay nabilanggo. díga – dumíga, dígahan (-um-:-
He embezzled a large sum of money an) v. to court by using idle talk.
so he was imprisoned. Dig´ ahan mo siya. Court her.
despalkadór Sp n. enbezzler digmá’ n. war [syn. giyéra ]
despatsádo Sp adj. dispatched, dis- diín – madiin (ma-) adj. heavily
missed pressed •
despatsadór Sp n. seller at the dumiin, idiin (-um-:i-) v. to press
store counter, dispatcher hard, to press downward, to insist.
despedida Sp n. farewell, leave- Huwag mong idiin na ako ang
taking, party given for people kumuha ng alahas mo. Don’t insist
leaving that I took your jewelry.
desperado Sp adj. desperate diít n. slight pressure on something
di’ adv. no, not (short for hindí’) díla’ n. tongue
diamánte Sp n. diamond [var. dilág n. gorgeousness, splendor, lus-
diyam´ ante ] trous beauty [syn. gand´ a]
diaréa Sp n. diarrhea (med) [syn. dilát adj. wide-open eyes, wide-eyed
pagtataé ] [var. diyaréa ] [syn. m´ ulat ] •
diyáryo Sp n. newspaper [syn. dumílat (-um-) v. to open (as of
peryódiko, p´ahayagan ] [var. diy´aryo] the eyes). Dumilat ka. You open
dibdíb n. chest, breast (your eyes).
dibersiyón Sp n. diversion, amuse- idilát (i-) v. to open one’s eyes, to
ment [syn. l´ibangan ] raise one’s eyelids. Idilat mo ang
dibórsiyo Sp n. divorce mga mata mo. You open your eyes.
dikdík – magdikdik, dikdikin mangdilat, pangdilátan
(mag-:in) v. to pulverize. Magdikdik (mang-:pang-,an) v. to glare
ka ng lupa. Pulverize the soil. at. Pinangdil´ atan niya ako. She
dikín n. ring stand for pot glared at me.
dikít – dumikít (-um-) v. to stick, diláw adj. yellow
to adhere, to get stuck. Dumikit ka manilaw-nilaw. (ma-) adj. yellow-
kay pangulo para mabigyan ka ng ish.
mataas na sahod. Stick it out with dilíg – magdilig, diligín, diligán
the president so that you will get a (mag-:-in:-an) v. to sprinkle water
high pay raise. on, to water (plants). Magdilig ka
magdikít, idikít (mag-:i-) v. to ng halaman araw-araw. Water the
paste, to stick, to glue something. plants everyday.
Idikit mo ang iyong retrato sa dilihénsiya – magdilihensiya,
dilím 36 diyéta
dilihensiyahan (mag-:-in) v. to hin niyo ang kalyeng iyon bago kayo
resort to borrowing, to obtain what kumaliwa. Go straight on that road
one needs. Inutusan niya akong before you turn left.
magdilihensiya sa inyo bago niyo díri – pandidíri (pang-) n. feeling
makuha ang kailangan niyo. He of loathing for what is foul or filthy
instructed me to get something from [syn. pagkakarim´ arim, pagkaka-
you before you can get what you sukl´am ] •
need. nakadíri (nakapandidíri) adj.
dilím n. darkness • loathsome
madilím (ma-) adj. dark diskubrí – makadiskubrí,
dilíryo n. delirium [var. del´iryo] madiskubrí (maka-:ma-) v. to
dílis n. long-jawed anchovy discover. Ibig niyang makadiskubri
din prt. too, also (expresses that ng bagong gamot para sa maysakit
the expression modified which ng AIDS. He wanted to discover a
may be the whole sentence or an drug to heal those sick with AIDS.
element within the sentence is like diskúrso Sp n. speech [syn.
a corresponding earlier idea) [var. talump´ ati’ ]
rin (after vowels)]. Ako rin ang diskusyón Sp n. discussion
nagpaligo sa bata. It was I, too, that disintérya Sp n. dysentery [syn. ´iti ]
bathed the child. disiplína Sp n. discipline
dinamíta Sp n. dynamite disisyón Sp n. decision •
díni adv. here [syn. d´ito, r´ito] magdisisyon, disisyonán (mag-:-
diníg adj. heard, loud enough to be an) v. to decide, to make a decision
heard • distrunká Sp magdistrunka, dis-
dinggín (-in) v. (dinggín) to listen trunkáhin (mag-:-in) v. to break,
to. Dingg´in mo ang aking pakiusap. destroy, locks. Hindi ko madistrunka
Listen to my plea. ang sara ng pinto. I can not destroy
madinig (ma-) v. to hear [var. the lock of the door.
marinig ]. Ibig kong madinig ang disturnilyadór n. screwdriver
iyong sagot. I want to hear your Disyémbre n. December
answer. disyérto n. desert
díngas – magdingas (mag-) v. to díto dem. here [var. d´ine ]
flare out, to set aflame. Matuto kang nárito (na-) it’s here [var. n´andito]
magdingas ng kahoy para makaluto paríto (pa-) v. come here [var.
tayo. You should learn how to set our par´ine ]
fuelwood aflame so that we can cook ditsé Ch n/adj. appellation for sec-
our food. ond eldest sister
dingdíng n. wall díwa’ n. spirit, thought
dipá n. span of two extended arms diwáta’ n. goddess
diperénsiya Sp n. 1 difference [syn. diyabétes Sp n. diabetes
kaibah´ an, kaibh´ an ] 2 indisposition, diyáket n. jacket
illness [syn. sak´it ] 3 disagreement diyán dem. there •
direksiyón Sp n. 1 direction (to- náriyán (na-) adv. it’s there [var.
wards), course [syn. band´ a, gaw´i ] 2 n´andiyan ]
order, command, instructions [syn. pariyán (pa-) v. go there. Ako’y pa-
utos,
´ t´
uro] pariyan bukas. I’ll go there tomor-
direktór n. director row.
dirétso – diretsohín (-in) v. to pro- diyánitor Eng n. janitor
ceed in a straight direction. Diretso- diyés Sp num. ten [syn. samp´ u’ ]
Diyós 37 dúro’
diyéta Sp n. prescribed or regulated it will be longer.
meal, diet dúhat n. plum (Java), blackberries
Diyós Sp n. God [syn. Bath´ ala’, dulá’ n. drama, stage play [syn.
Maykap´al ] [var. Di´
os ] dr´ama ]
dóble adj. double dúlang n. low dining table
doktór/a n. doctor, physician [syn. dulás – madulas (ma-) adj.
manggag´amot ] slippery
dominánte Sp adj. dominant, dom- duldól – iduldol (i-) v. to shove or
ineering thrust (something) with force into
Domínggo Sp n. Sunday [var. another, as pen into ink bottle, food
Lingg´o] into mouth, or like relation. Tigilan
dónya Sp n. madam, term of address mo ang pagduldol ng pagkain sa
for a rich woman [syn. g´inang ] kanyang bunganga. Stop putting
doón dem. there, yonder: over there, food in his mouth.
that place over there • dulíng adj. cross-eyed
naroon (na-) adv. it’s there, yonder dúlo n. end, terminal extremity
[var. n´
andoon ] dulós n. trowel
paroon (pa-) v. go there, yonder dúlot n. offering [syn. ´alay, hand´ og ]
dormitoryána/o Sp n. fe- dumalága n. pullet, female carabao
male/male resident of a dormitory at the age of puberty
dormitóryo n. dormitory dumí n. dirt •
dos Sp num. two madumi (ma-) adj. dirty, unclean,
dóse num. twelve filthy [var. marumi ]
doséna Sp n. dozen dúnong n. knowledge, wisdom •
dúke n. duke madunong (ma-) adj. intelligent,
dukésa Sp n. dutchess sage, erudite, bright, talented, wise
dukhá’ adj. poor, destitute [var. marunong ]
dúkot – dumúkot, dúkotin (-um- dúngaw – dumúngaw (-um-) v. to
:-in) v. to draw out from a pocket, look out of the window
bag or a container with the hand dungáwin (-in) v. to look out at
mangdúkot, dukútan (mang-:-an) somebody from the window
v. to pickpocket dúngis n. dirt on face •
dúda Sp n. doubt [syn. alinl´angan ] madungis (ma-) adj. dirty (face)
magduda (mag-) v. to doubt. [var. marungis ]
Huwag kang magduda sa akin. dungó’ adj. shy, timid
Don’t doubt me. dúplo n. poetical game or contest
dugó’ n. blood • dramatically strung to a short
dugoín, duguín (-in) v. to bleed narrative sequence.
profusely, as in a hemorrhage. Ako’y dupók – marupok (ma-) adj. weak
duguin kapag ako’y nasugatan. I (not durable), frail, fragile, brittle,
bleed profusely when I am wounded. delicate [var. rup´ok ]
dumugo, magdugo (-um-,mag-) durá’ n. saliva, sputum [var. lura’ ] •
v. to bleed as a wound dumurá’ (-um-) v. to spit
dugtóng – magdugtong, idug- mandura, duraán (mang-:-an) v.
tong, dugtungan (mag-:i-:-an) to spit at something [var. lura´an ]
v. to append, to annex, to add. duriyán n. durian
Dugtungan mo ng tela ang iyong dúro’ – dumuro, durúin (-um-:-in)
maigsing damit para humaba. Add v. to pierce or to penetrate sharply
another cloth to your short dress so as with a pointed instrument
dúsa 38 espiyá
manduro’, iduro’ (mang-:i-) v. to elektrisidád Sp n. electricity
pierce, prick, penetrate something elektrisísta Sp n. electrician
with a pointed instrument. Huwag elegánte Sp adj. elegant, stylish
mong duruin ang aking manekin. eleménto Sp n. element
Don’t pierce my mannequin. elepánte Sp n. elephant
dúsa Sk n. suffering empáke Sp n. packing, wrapping
pagdurúsa (pag-) n. punishment, [var. imp´ ake ] •
castigation, suffering, grief [syn. magempake, empakíhin (mag-
h´irap, pagtiti´is ] • :-in) v. to pack. Empakihin mo na
magdusa (mag-) v. to suffer. ang dadalhin mo. (Start) packing
Magdusa ka sana sa ginawa mong what you willtake with you.
kasalanan. :I hop e you suffer empanáda Sp n. meat pie
because of what you did. empátso Sp n. indigestion
duséna Sp n. dozen [var. doséna ] emperdíble Sp n. safety pin
duwág adj. coward empleyádo/a Sp n. employee
duwénde Sp n. elf, dwarf [syn. (male/ female)
anak ]
ti´ Enéro Sp n. January [var. Inéro ]
duwéto Sp n. duet ensaláda Sp n. salad
dúyan n. cradle, hammock entabládo Sp n. stage
dyáryo Sp n. newspaper [var. entráda Sp n. entrance [syn.
diy´aryo] pasuk´ an ]
dyíp Eng n. jeep, jeepney entréga Sp n. delivery •
magentrega, ientrega (mag-:i-)
v. to deliver, to hand in/over. Ma-
E gentrega ka ng kaunting suweldo mo
sa akin para sa iyong kinabukasan.
ebaporasyón Sp n. evaporation Hand in a small portion of your
eklípse Sp n. eclipse salary to me so that you can have
ekonomiyá Sp n. economy [syn. something in the future.
pagtitip´id ] eropláno n. airplane
eksákto Sp adj. exact eskiníta Sp n. street corner turning
eksámen Sp n. examination, test into an alley, an alley [var. iskin´ita ]
[var. iks´amen ] eskóba Sp n. large hand brush,
eksibisiyón Sp n. exhibition whisk broom [var. isk´ oba]
eksperiménto Sp n. experiment eskólar Sp n. scholar
[var. esperiménto ] eskríma Sp n. the art of fencing
ékstra Sp adj. extra [syn. dagd´ ag ] eskuwéla Sp n. school
ekwadór Sp n. equator eskuwelahán Sp n. school [syn.
edád Sp n. age [syn. g´ulang ] p´aaralan ]
edukádo Sp adj. educated, trained, eskultor n. sculptor
well-bred esmerálda Sp n. emerald
edukasyón Sp n. education espáda Sp n. sword, spade in play-
eh part. hesitation pause (something ing cards
more coming), used to close a sen- Espanyól Sp n/adj. Spanish
tence to reinforce disagreement, con- espesyál Sp adj. special
tradiction or protestation espíritu Sp n. spirit, soul [syn. kalu-
elebéytor Eng n. elevator luw´a ]
eleksiyón Sp n. election, voting espiyá Sp mag-espiyá, mang-
[syn. hal´alan ] espiyá (mag-,mang-) v. to spy on.
estasyón 39 ganáp
Mag-espiya ka sa kanila. You spy erence. Matuto kang gumalang sa
on them. matatanda. You should learn how to
estasyón Sp n. station. estasy´ on ng respect older people.
bus (bus station) [var. istasy´ on ] galáw – gumalaw (-um-) v. to
estrélya Sp n. star [syn. bitu´in ] move
estudyánte Sp n. student manggalaw, galawín, igalaw
éto intj. here it is [var. héto] (mang-:-in:i-) v. to touch, to move.
Európa Sp n. Europe Huwag mong galawin ang silya.
éwan pv. don’t know [var. ayw´ an ]. Don’t move the chair.
Ewan ko. I don’t know. galíng – magaling (ma-) adj. good,
well-already, fine, skillful, clever, po-
lite. Magaling gumamit si Juan ng...
G Juan was clever at using the...
gáling – manggaling (mang-) v. to
gaán – magaan (ma-) adj. light (of come from, to originate from. Siya ay
weight), easy nanggaling sa probinsiya. She came
gaáno int. how much, what quantity from the province.
gabáy n. hand rail, support galís n. itch
gábi n. taro, sticky edible tuber gálit n. anger, resentment, indigna-
gabí n. night, evening • tion •
kagabi (ka-) adv. last night magalit (ma-) v. to get angry, to be-
gabí-gabí adv. every night, every come angry. Huwag ka sanang mag-
evening alit sa akin. Please don’t get angry
gagambá n. spider with me.
gágo/a adj. stupid, foolish (colloq), gambála’ n. delaying disturbance •
stuttering, stammering, pronounc- gumambala (-um-) v. to cause
ing badly [var. hang´al, tang´
a] disturbance
gahása’ – gahasáin (-in) v. to rape. manggambala, gambaláin
Ginahasa ng mga sanggano ang (mang-:-in) v. to disturb, to bother
babae. The woman was raped by the gámit n. personal things, anything
gangsters. usable •
gahól adj. lacking in time [syn. hul´i ] gamítin (-in) v. to wear, to use. Gi-
gála’ – gumala’ (-um-) v. to won- namit mo ba ang aking suklay? Did
der about, to go about idly, to you use my comb?
travel aimlessly. Gumala siya sa gamót n. medicine •
buong siyudad bago siya umalis. He gumamot, gamutín (-um-:-in) v.
wondered about the city before he to treat, especially with medicine. Si
left. Dr. Solis ang gumamot sa pasyente.
galák – ikagalak (ika-) v. to be Dr. Solis is the one who treated the
pleased, to be happy patient.
galánte Sp adj. gallant, chivalrous maggamot (mag-) v. to treat one’s
[syn. magino´ o] self
gálang – magalang (ma-) adj. manggamot, gamutín (mang-:-in)
polite, courteous, refined in manner, v. to treat others (outside of self)
respectful gamu-gamó n. moth
gumalang. Magalang si Maria gána n. appetite
sa kanyang mga magulang. Maria gána n. profit
isrespectful to her parents. (-um-) ganáp adj. 1 complete [syn. bu´ o’ ]
v. to respect, to treat with rev- 2 fulfilled, completed, finished [syn.
ganáp 40 gáya
yar´i’, tap´ os ] 3 exact [syn. eks´akto, usually by the arms. Igapos mo ang
hust´ o] preso. Tie up the prisoner
ganáp – gumanap (-um-) v. to per- manggapos (mang-) v. to tie up
form, act. Gumanap siyang pare sa gára’ – magara’ (ma-) adj. nicely
pelikula. He performed the role of a dressed
priest in the film. garáhe n. garage
gandá – maganda (ma-) adj. beau- garapinyéra Sp n. ice cream freezer
tiful, pretty, nice garapón Sp n. large wide-mouthed
ganirí adv. (fr. ga + nirí or gaya bottle or decanter
nirí) like this (referring to something garbánsos n. chickpeas
close to the body of the speaker) gasgás adj. worn out (by friction),
[syn. ganit´ o] worn out (by use) [syn. gast´ ado]
ganít n. toughness for mastica- gasláw – magaslaw (ma-) adj.
tion, relative tightness or firmness gauche, crude, flirtatiousness
(makingit hard to disengage) gaspáng – magaspang (ma-) adj.
ganitó adv. (fr. ga + nitó or gaya rough, coarse
nitó) like this one; in this way or gasolína Sp n. gasoline
manner [syn. ganir´i ] gastá – gumastá, maggastá, gas-
ganiyán adv. (fr. ga + niyán or tahín (-um-,mag-:-in) v. to spend,
gaya niyán) like that one (referring to expend. Malakas siyang gumasta
to something near the person spoken ng pera. He spends money fast.
to), in the same way or manner as gastádo Sp adj. worn-out by much
that (referring to procedure being use [syn. gasg´as, gam´it ]
observed) [var. gany´ an ] gastadór n. spend thrift
ganoón adv. (fr. ga + noon) like gástos n. expenses
that yonder, in that manner or way gatá’ n. coconut milk, cream
gansá’ n. goose gátang n. chupa: a unit of measure
gantí Mal n. recompense, repay- for rice or other grains, dry measure
ment • gátas n. milk
gumanti, gantihán (-um-:-an) v. gáto n. jack
to repay. Gantihan mo ang kanyang gátong n. firewood, fuel •
kabutihan. Repay his kindness. maggátong, igátong (mag-:i-) v.
gantimpála’ n. reward, prize to feed with fuel, to put into the fire
gápang – gumapang v. to crawl, to as fuel. Kumuha ka ng kahoy para
creep. Gumapang ang bata sa sahig. igatong. Get some wood for fuel.
The child crawled on the floor. gawá’ – gumawa’, maggawa’;
manggapang, gapángin (mang-:- gawaín (gawín) (-um-,mag-:-in) v.
in) v. to get or obtain something by to do, to make, to work, to build.
stealth or by crawling towards it. Gawin mo muna ang iyong leksiyon.
gápas – manggapas, maggapas, Do your lesson first.
gapásin (mag-:-in) v. to cut or gáwad n. award, bestowal, grant,
mow (grass, rice stalk, or the like) prize [syn. gantimp´ ala’, prémyo]
with a scythe. Ang magsasaka ay gawgáw n. starch, cornstarch
pumunta sa bukid upang manggapas gawí’ n. side, direction •
ng palay. The farmer went to the gumawi’ (-um-) v. to go or move
field to cut rice stalks. in a certain direction, to be inclined
gápos n. manacle, rope tied around to or accustomed to. Gumawi ka
arms or hands adj. manacled • kaliwa. Go left.
igapos (i-) v. to tie up securely, gáya adv. like, resembling, in the
gayák 41 gúgol
manner of. Hindi gaya ng bola. gináw n. cold, coldness, freezing
(unlike the ball). temperature •
gumaya, gayáhin; manggaya magináw (ma-) adj. cold, chilly,
(-um-,-in:mang-:-in) v. to imitate, freezing
to emulate. Huwag mong gayahin ginawín (-in) v. to become cold.
ang kapatid mo. Don’t imitate your Magkumot ka para hindi ka ginawin.
brother. Use a blanket so you won’t become
gayák – manggayak; gayakán; cold.
igayak (mang-:-i:-an) v. to deco- magináw (ma-) v. to feel cold
rate, to festoon. Gayakan mo ang ginháwa – maginhawa (ma-) adj.
simbahan. They will decorate the comfortable, easy
church. ginoó n. mister •
gayón pron. (fr. ga + yaón) some- máginoo (ma-) adj. gentlemanly,
thing like that adv. in that way or well-bred man
manner [var. gano´ on ] gintó’ n. gold
gayón pron. also, furthermore gipít adj. wanting or lacking in
(always followed by din). Siya’y space [syn. mak´ipot ]
isang taong may kaunting talino at gisá – maggisa; gisahín; igisa
gayon din may kaunting tapang. He (mag-:-in,i-) v. to saute, to cook in
is a man of some cleverness and also oil, garlic, onions and or tomatoes.
of some courage. Ginisa ni Inday ang gulay. Inday
gayúma n. love charm sauteed the vegetable.
géra Sp n. war [syn. digm´ a’, gisántes n. peas
digm´ aan ] gisíng adj. awake •
gerílya Sp n. guerrilla (man) gumísing (-um-) v. to wake up, to
gibá’ – maggiba’, gibaín (mag-:- awaken. Gumising ka nang maaga
in) v. to destroy, to demolish, to bukas. Wake up early tomorrow.
ruin. Giniba ng bagyo ang bahay. manggísing; gisingin (mang-:-in)
The typhoon destroyed the house. v. to rouse someone
gígi’ – maggígi’ (mag-) adj. slow, gitára Sp n. guitar
fussy, meticulous gíting n. heroism, great courage •
giít – gumiit (-um-) v. to push magiting (ma-) adj. courageous,
one’s way through heroic
maggiit, igiit (mag-:i-) v. to insist. gitlíng n. hyphen
Huwag mong igiit ang gusto mo. gitná’ n. middle, center
Don’t insist on what you want. gobernadór Sp n. governor
gilágid n. gums gobiyérno Sp n. government
gílid n. border, edge, margin adv. at góma Sp n. rubber [var. r´aber ]
the edge. sa gilid at the edge góra Sp n. cap
gilingán n. mill, grinder góto n. tripe
gíling – gumiling, maggiling; grábe Sp adj. grave, weighty [syn.
gilíngin (-um-, mag-:-in) v. to malubh´a’, mabig´ at ]
grind something. Gilingin mo ang grádo Sp n. degree
bigas. Grind the rice. grátis Sp adj. free, gratis, for noth-
gilít n. cut, incision or slice marks ing [syn. wal´ang-b´ayad ]
(on fish or wood), sliced piece grípo Sp n. faucet
gíliw n. love, affection guántes Sp n. gloves [syn. guw´ antes ]
gínang n/adj. Mrs., matron, gúbat n. forest, jungle
madam [abbr. Gng ] gúgo’ n. native shampoo
gúhit 42 há!
gúgol – gumugol; gugúlin (-um- guníguní n. imagination, apprehen-
:-in) v. to spend, to appropriate. sion, presentiment
Gumugol ako ng malaki sa aking guntíng n. scissors
bakasyon. I spent a lot in my gunggóng adj. stupid, ignorant
vacation. gupít n. haircut •
maggugol; igugol (mag-:i) n. to gumupit, magupit, gupitín (-um-
spend, to appropriate (something) ,mag-:-in) v. to cut with a pair of
gúhit n. line scissors or shears, to trim. Ginupit
gúhit n. a measure or weight equal ng barbero ang aking buhok. The bar-
to 100 grams ber cut my hair.
guhó’ – pagguho’ (pag-) n. guro’ n. teacher, tutor [syn.
collapse, cave-in, crumbling méstro/a, t´itser ]
guláman n. gelatin (native, made gusáli’ n. building
from seaweed) gusgós – gusgúsin (-in) adj. untidy,
gulanít adj. ragged, worn-out in rags, in tatters
gúlang n. age • gusót adj. crumpled, entangled,
magulang (ma-) adj. shrewd, ma- confused
ture gustó pv. want, like [syn. ´ibig ] •
gulángan (-an) v. to take advan- gumusto, gustohín (-um-:-in) v.
tage of someone who has not had to like, to want, to desire. Ginusto
much experience yet. Mag-ingat ka ng lalaki ang biyuda. The man
para hindi ka gulangan. Be careful so desired the widow.
you won’t be taken advantage of. gutáy adj. torn into pieces
gúlat n. shock • gútom n. hunger •
manggúlat; gulátin (mang-:-in) magutom (ma-) v. to (get) hungry.
v. to frighten, to surprise, to shock Maraming tao ang nagugutom sa
someone. Ginulat mo naman ako! Pilipinas. Many people get hungry
You frightened me! in the Philippines.
gúlay n. vegetables guwápo/a adj. handsome, beauti-
guló n. riot, trouble, disorder, ful, good-looking, pretty, dashing
confusion • guwárdiya Sp n. guard [syn.
magulo (ma-) adj. unruly, rowdy, bant´ay, t´
anod ]
disorderly guyabáno n. (guayabano) soursop
manggulo; guluhín (mang-:-in)
v. to create disorder, tumult or
confusion. Nanggulo ang mga H
demonstrador. The demonstrators
created disorder. ha int. interrogative meaning: What
gúlok n. bolo, large knife, machete is it?, What do you mean?, What’s
gulód n. hill top that again? [syn. an´o?, ano kam´ o? ]
gulóng n. wheel • • part. interrogative particle mean-

gumúlong (-um) v. to roll. Gu- ing: Do you understand? [syn. Alam

mulong ang bola sa sahig. The ball mo na ba, ha? ] • part. exclamatory
rolled on the floor. interrogative particle with the ele-
maggulong; igulong (mag-:i-) v. ment of surprise or reproach: Is that
to roll something so? [syn. Ganoon pala, ha? So that’s
gumaméla n. hibiscus what it is, huh?]
gúnaw n. end of the world, destruc- há! intj. (deprecatingly) So!, (re-
tion of all things, deluge proachingly) So, that’s it!, particle
hába’ 43 haláng
producing laughter (in series) Ha! the time of need around one’s envi-
Ha! Ha! ronment. Maghagilap ka ng pangga-
hába’ n. a length • tong. Gather firewood.
mahaba’ (ma-) adj. long, elongated manghagilap, hagilápin (mang-)
habág – mahabagín (ma-in) adj. v. to look for someone/something.
kind-hearted, charitable • Manghagilap ka ng makatutulong sa
mahabág (ma-) v. to take pity atin. Look for someone who can help
habágat n. a west or southwest us.
wind, monsoon háging n. buzzing sound as of some-
hábang conj. throughout, during, thing speeding by
while [syn. samant´ alang ]. Habang hagíp – makahagip, mahagip
siya’y natutulog... While he was (maka-:ma-) v. hit or caught by a
sleeping... moving body. Nahagip siya ng kotse.
hábang-búhay adv. for a lifetime, The car hit him.
eternal hágis v. to hurl at, to cast something
habílin n. something (as money, at
property, etc.) given in trust or for humagis (-um-) v. to be thrown
safe-keeping (from bílin) off. Humagis ang bata sa kotse. The
hábol – humabol, habulin (-um- child was thrown off the car.
:-in) v. to catch up with, to appeal, maghagis, ihagis (mag-:i-) v. to
to run after throw, to cast. Ihagis mo ang bola
manghabol, habúlin (mang-:-in) kay Pepe. Throw the ball to Pepe.
v. to run after somebody. Hinabol ni hágod n. rubbing, massaging
Pedro si Juan. Peter ran after John. hagulhól n. sudden, loud weeping
habonéra Sp n. soap box or tray hagupít n. stroke of whip or lash
[var. habunéra ] háin – maghain, ihain (mag-:i-) v.
hakáb adj. tight-fitting to set the table, to serve, to cook.
hakbáng n. step, space of stepping, Ihain mo ang adobong manok. Serve
pace in walking or running the chicken adobo.
hákot Mal n. load, loading (in halá! intj. a warning: if you do that,
quantity) [syn. dal´a, karg´
a] there will be consequences!
humakot, hakútin (-um-:-in). haláan n. clam
Hakutin mo ang madadala mo. Take halabós n. scalding or half cooking
what you can carry. in salted water
hadláng – humadlang (-um-) v. halakhák n. loud laughter
to stand in the way, to obstruct. halagá n. price, value, importance •
Humadlang si Pedro sa aking daan. mahalaga (ma-) adj. important,
Pedro obstructed/blocked my way. valuable
maghadlang, ihadlang (mag-:i-) halaghág adj. careless, neglectful
v. to place an impediment, to [syn. pabay´a’, bulags´
ak ]
obstruct, to bar halál – maghalal, ihalal (mag-:i-)
hagdán n. stairs, stairway, steps, v. to nominate, to elect. Ihalal natin
ladder [var. hagd´anan ] ang mabuting kandidato. Let’s elect
hagibís n. rapidity, velocity [syn. the good candidate.
bil´is, t´
ulin ] hálalan n. election, voting [syn.
hagílap – humagilap (-um-) v. to eleksy´on ]
search, to gather haláman n. plant, garden, vegeta-
maghagilap, hagilápin (mag-:-in) tion
v. to try to get hold of something at halamanán n. garden [syn. hard´in ]
hálang 44 hámon
haláng – pahalang (pa-) adj. hori- hálo-hálo n. a kind of dessert made
zontal, traverse, lying across of sweetened fruits and crushed ice
hálang – humalang (-um-) v. to hálos adv. almost. Halos lahat ng
barricade, to use one’s self as an tao. Almost all people.
obstruction. Humalang si Elsa sa halúkay – maghalukay, halukáyin
aking balak. Elsa obstructed my (mag-:-in) v. to dig, to turn over and
plans. back either in search of something
maghalang, ihalang (mag-:i-) v. or to mix well. Hinalukay ni Maria
to lay across, to put crosswise as ang aking mga kagamitan. Maria
an impediment. Inihalang niya ang rummaged through my things.
mga bato sa kalye. They obstructed halukipkíp – nakahalukipkip
the road with stones. (naka-) adj. with forearms crossed
halatá’ adj. noticeable, conspicuous close to body below the chest
hálay – mahalay (ma-) adj. halughóg – maghalughog,
depraved, lewd, sensual halughug ín (mag-:-in) v. to
halík n. kiss • search or examine minutely, to
humalik (-um-) v. to kiss. Humalik search every corner of a place
ang bata sa ina. The child kissed his thoroughly. Hinalughog ng mga pulis
mother. ang bahay ni Berto. The policemen
manghalik, halikán (mang-:-an) searched Berto’s house.
v. to kiss somebody, something. halumigmíg n. moisture, humidity,
Halikan mo ang kamay ng lola mo. condensation • adj. humid
Kiss the hand of your grandmother. halungkát – maghalungkat,
halíka v. (You) come here halungkatín (mag-:-in) v. to turn
halígi n. post [var. p´oste ] over a pile of things in search
halíli – humalili (-um-) v. to for something, to search carefully
substitute, to replace. Humalili ako among a number of things. Hi-
sa kanya. I took his place. nalungkat niya ang aking mga
maghalili, halilíhan (mag-:-an) v. damit. He went through my clothes.
to change something. Hahalinhan hámak adj. abject, lowly, con-
mo ang kuya mo sa pagbabantay ng temptible, of small account, vile,
bahay. You will take turns with your insignificant
older brother in watching the house. hambálos n. flogging with a cudgel
halímaw n. beast, monster or club
halimbáwa’ n. example, model, for hambíng – maghambing, ihamb-
example, for instance ing (mag-:i-) v. to compare, to
halimúyak n. fragrance, scent [syn. place side by side in comparison.
bang´ o] Ihambing mo ang iyong ginawa sa
halína n. fascination [syn. gay´uma ] gawa ni Jose. Compare your work
v. come along. Halina kayo. Lets go. with Jose’s.
haliparót adj. vulgar, coquette, hambóg adj. proud, overbearing,
coarse boastful, arrogant
hálo’ – humalo’ (-um-) v. to mix. hámo v. (short form of hayáan mo)
Humalo siya sa aming biruan. He meaning don’t mind it or don’t
joined in our kidding around. worry about it
maghalo’, halúin, ihalo’ (mag-:- hamóg n. dew
in:i-) v. to stir, to add as another hamón n. ham
ingredient. Haluin mo ang aking hámon – manghamon, hamúnin
niluluto. Stir what I am cooking. (mang-:-in) v. to challenge, to look
hampás 45 hárang
for a competitor. Hinamon niya sa hanggá – hanggahan (-an) n. re-
boksing si Rene. He challenged Rene sult, end, outcome [syn. b´unga, d´
ulo,
to a bout (boxing). result´ado]
hampás – humampas (-um-) v. to hanggánan n. boundary, limit [syn.
slam against something. Humampas d´ulo]
ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit hanggáng conj. till, until, as far as
the wall. • prep. up to

manghampás, hampasín (mang- hángin n. air, wind •

:-in) v. to strike something, to mahangin (ma-) adj. windy
scourge hángo’ – humango’ (-um-) v. to ap-
hampaslúpa’ n. vagabond, bum, propriate a certain amount of goods
tramp, good for nothing maghango’, hangúin (mag-:-in) v.
hánap – humanap, hanápin to remove something being cooked
(-um-:-in) v. to look for, to search from the fire, to adapt from liter-
for (something). Humanap ka ng ary material, to save someone from
trabaho. Look for a job. something. Hanguin mo siya sa hi-
hanapbúhay n. occupation, liveli- rap. Help him out (of his difficulties).
hood, means of earning a living hángos – humángos v. breathless
hánay n. row, file • hapág n. dining table [var. mésa ]
humanay (-um-) v. to stay in line hapdí’ – mahapdi’ (ma-) adj.
or in a row. Humanay kayo ng isa- smarting
isa. Stay in line one by one. hápis adj. sad, gloomy, grievous
maghanay, ihanay (mag-:i-) v. to hapó’ adj. tired, exhausted, fatigued
place or put in line or in a successive hápon n. afternoon •
order kahapon (ka-) adv. yesterday
handá’ adj. ready, prepared • Hapón n. Japanese
humanda’, ihanda’ (-um-:i-) v. to hap-slip n. half-slip
get something ready or to set some- hapúnan n. dinner, supper, evening
thing, to prepare something. Ihanda meal •
mo na ang pagkain. Prepare the food maghapunan (mag-) v. to have
now. dinner. Naghapunan ka na ba? Have
handóg n. offering, gift, present • you had dinner yet?
maghandog, ihandog, han- harána n. serenade •
dugán (mag-:i-:-an) v. to offer, magharana, mangharana, ha-
to dedicate. Naghandog ng tulong ranáhin (mag-:mang-:-in) v. to
ang estudyante. The student offered serenade. Haranahin natin si Belen
help. ngayong gabi. Let’s serenade Belen
handusáy adj. prostate, fallen flat tonight.
hánip n. chicken flea hárang – humarang (-um-) v. to
hantád adj. exposed [syn. lant´ ad ] block, to bar, to stand in the way.
hantóng – humantong (-um-) v. to Humarang siya sa kalye. He blocked
end up in, to stop, to terminate. Hu- the road.
mantong sa away ang usapan nila. magharang, iharang (mag-:i-) v.
Their talk ended up in a quarrel. to put a block or a hindrance, to bar
hánga’ – paghanga’ (pag-) n. ad- with something. Magharang ka ng
miration, amazement, astonishment kahoy sa pinto. Bar the door with a
hangád n. desire, interest, intent piece of wood.
hangál adj. stupid, idiotic, fool [syn. mangharang, harángin (mang-
tang´a, gungg´ong, mangm´ ang ] :-in) v. to rob, to stop, to block.
haráp 46 higpít
Nanghaharang siya ng mga tao. He grasp
robs people. maghawak (mag-) to hold each
haráp n. front adv. Sa harap. In other by the hand. Humawak ka
front of, before (the class). nang mahigpit sa akin. Grasp me
humarap (-um-:-in) v. to face. tightly.
Humarap ka sa akin. (You) face me. hawás adj. well-proportioned
hardín n. garden [syn. halaman´ an ] (figure), oval (face)
hardinéro n. gardener hawíg adj. similar, resembled
hári’ n. king hayán! intj. there! There it is! (fr.
harína n. flour ha + iyan)
harót – maharot (ma-) adj. unla- háyop n. animal
dylike, coarse, unrefined, boisterous hayún! intj. Look there! There it is,
hása’ – maghasa’, ihasa’, hasáin yonder (fr. ha + iyón)
(mag-:i-:-in) v. to sharpen. Ihasa mo héko Ch n. dark sauce from salted
ang kutsilyo. Sharpen the knife. shrimps
hasmín n. jasmine helikópter n. helicopter
hátak – paghatak (pag-) towing henéral/a n. general (mascu-
[syn. b´atak, h´ila ] line/feminine)
humatak, hatákin (-um-:-in) to hépe n. boss, chief, head
pull. Humatak ka sa lubid. Pull the héto intj. here it is (fr. ha + ito)
rope. [var. éto]
manghatak (mang-). Manghatak híbi n. dried shrimp
ka ng kahit sino. Pull anyone. hibík n. pleading, supplication
háti’ – humati’ (-um-) v. to share, híka’ n. asthma
to take a part of hikáb – humikab, maghikab
magháti’, hatíin (mag-:-in) v. to (-um-:mag-) v. to yawn [var.
apportion into two, to divide. Hinati hig´ab]. Naghihikab siya kapag siya’y
ng ina ang tinapay. The mother ap- inaantok. He yawns when he is
portioned the bread. sleepy.
hatíd – maghatid, ihatid (mag-:i-) hikahós adj. needy, broke, bankrupt
v. to conduct, to escort, to accom- híkaw n. earrings
pany. Si Ver ang maghahatid sa iyo hikáyat n. persuasion
sa estasyon. Ver will accompany you hikbí’ n. sob
to the station. higá’ – humiga’ (-um-) v. to lie
hátinggabi adv. late, midnight down. Humiga ka at magpahinga.
hátol – maghatol, ihatol (mag-:i-) Lie down and rest.
v. to judge, to give a sentence or maghiga’, ihiga’ (mag-:i-) v. to
decision lay down something
manghatol, hatúlan (mang-:-an) hígad n. caterpillar
v. to judge. Huwag mo akong higánte Sp n. giant
hatulan. Don’t judge me. higít adv. more, excessive, over
háula n. cage [var. h´awla ] hígop – humigop, higúpin (-um-:-
háwa n. infection adj. contagious • in) v. to sip. Humigop ng sabaw ng
manghawa, hawáan (mang-:-an) manok ang maysakit. The sick one
v. to infect, to contaminate another, sipped chicken broth.
to stain. Nanghawa siya ng sipon sa higpít – mahigpit (ma-) adj. tight,
akin. He infected me with colds. strict •
háwak – humawak, hawákan humigpit (-um-) v. to become
(-um-:-an) v. to hold in hand, to tight. Humigpit ang kanyang pan-
híhip 47 hináhon
talon. His trousers got tight. himágas n. dessert
maghigpit, higpitán v. to tighten himagsík – maghimagsik (mag-)
híhip n. blowing (as of wind from v. to rebel, to revolt. Naghimagsik
mouth) • ang mga tao laban sa pamahalaan.
humihip (-um-) v. to blow (as The people revolted against the
of the wind or from the mouth). government.
Himihip ang hangin. The wind himalá’ n. miracle •
blew. maghimala’ (mag-) v. to perform a
hípan (-an) v. to blow on some- miracle. Naghimala ang Birhen. The
thing. Hipan mo ang apoy. Blow at Virgin performed a miracle.
the fire. hímas n. gentle rubbing on skin by
híla – humila v. to pull the palm of the hand, caressful rub-
manghila, hiláhin (mang-:-in) v. bing, petting by rubbing the back of
to pull something. Hinila ng lalaki fighting roosters
ang kariton. The man pulled the himások n. interference, meddling
cart. manghimasok (mang-) v. to
hilága’ n. north meddle in (something one is not
hilámos – maghilamos, hilamúsan concerned about). Huwag kang
(mag-:-an) v. to wash one’s face. manghimasok sa buhay ng may
Maghilamos ka muna bago ka mag- buhay. Don’t meddle with the lives
almusal. Wash your face first before of others.
you eat breakfast. himatáy – himatayín (-in) v.
hilát adj. stretched, pulled to faint, to pass out, to be come
hilatsá n. thread unravelled from unconscious. Hinimatay si Gloria
cloth nang marinig ang balita. Gloria
hiláw adj. raw (food), green, unripe, fainted when she heard the news.
uncooked, undercooked himaymáy n. fiber
hilbána Sp n. basting (sewing) himbíng Ch n. deep slumber
hiléra n. row, file himpapawíd n. atmospheric space
hilík – humilik (-um-) v. to snore. himpíl n. stopping to rest or stay,
Humihilik siya pag tulog. He snores station, headquarters
while sleeping. himulmól n. plucking of feathers
hílig Mal n. inclination, leaning po- from fowls or birds, or of hair from
sition, propensity, tendency • animals
mahilig (ma-) adj. having the incli- himutók n. outcry of disappoint-
nation or tendency to ment or distress, whimper
hilíng – humiling, hilingín (-um-:- hína’ – mahina’ (ma-) adj. weak,
in) v. to request. Hilingin mo siyang lack of strength •
kumanta. Request her to sing. humina’ (-um-) v. to become weak.
hiló adj. dizzy • Humina ang kanyang katawan dahil
mahilo (ma-) v. to become dizzy, to sa sakit. His body became weak be-
become confused. Nahilo ang babae cause of his illness.
sa init. The woman became dizzy be- manghina’ (mang-) v. to feel weak
cause of the heat. hinagpís n. doleful sigh, plaint
hílod – maghilod, hilúrin v. to hináhon – mahinahon (ma-) adj.
scrub the skin to remove dirt. self-controlled, calm •
Hilurin mo ang likod ko. Please huminahon (-um-) v. to be calm.
scrub my back. Huminahon ang sanggol nang bini-
hílot n. midwife gyan ng gatas. The baby calmed
hínang 48 hitá’
down when given milk. magpahinga (magpa-) v. to rest,
hínang – maghinang, hinángin to take a rest
(mag-:-in) v. to solder, to weld. Ang híngal – humingal (-um-) v. to
kanyang trabaho ay maghinang ng pant, to gasp. Humihingal siya sa
kotse. His job is to weld cars. pagod. He is panting because of
hinála’ n. suspicion • fatigue.
maghinala’, hinaláin (mag-:-in) hingaló – maghingalo (mag-) v. to
v. to suspect, to presume. Naghihi- be in a state of dying. Naghingalo
nala ang babae sa kanyang asawa. ang maysakit. The sick is already in
The woman is suspecting that her a state of dying.
husband is philandering. hingí’ – humingi’, hingín (-um-
hinanakít n. grudge, ill feeling :-in) v. to ask for. Humingi ka
hináyang n. feeling of regret for not ng tawad sa kanya. Ask for her
having utilized something or not forgiveness.
havingtake advantage of a situation manghingi’ (mang-:-in) v. to ask
(from sáyang) for (repetitively)
panghinayang (pang-) n. regret hípag n. sister-in-law (term of refer-
hindí’ adv. no, not, negative particle ence)
(+ba) tag question roughly equiva- hípo’ n. touch
lent to ’isn’t it?’, ’aren’t they?’, ’did hípon n. shrimp
he?’ hirám – manghiram, humiram,
hinéte Sp n. jockey, horseman hiramín (mang,-um-:-in) v. to
hinhín – mahinhin (ma-) adj. borrow, to ask for a loan. Humiram
modest, refined ng pera sa bangko ang negosyante.
hiningá n. breath The businessman borrowed money
hinlalakí n. thumb from the bank.
hinlaláto n. middle finger or toe hírang n. choice, selection, the
hinóg adj. ripe (particularly of chosen one (usually a lover or sweet-
fruits), mature • heart), darling [syn. ´irog, mah´al ] •
mahinog (ma-) v. to be ripe. hirángin (-in) v. to appoint
Nahinog ang mangga sa puno. The to a position. Hinirang siyang
mango ripened on the tree. bise-presidente. He was appointed
hintáy – maghintay, hintayín vice-president.
(mag-:-in) v. to wait, to wait for. hírap – mahirap (ma-) adj. poor,
Hintayin mo ako. Wait for me. difficult, hard, destitute •
hintó’ – huminto’ (-um-) v. to stop, humirap (-um-) v. to become dif-
to come to a halt. Huminto ang kotse ficult. Humirap ang buhay. Life be-
sa tapat ng bahay. The car stopped came (more) difficult.
in front of the house. mahirap (ma-) v. to be hard, diffi-
maghinto’, ihinto’ (mag-:i-) v. to cult. Mahirap mag-alaga ng bata. It’s
stop something hard to take care of children.
hintuturó’ n. index finger hírin n. choking (by a lump in the
hingá – huminga (-um-) v. to throat)
breathe, to exhale. Huminga siya ng híta’ n. thigh
malalim. He took a deep breath. hitá’ n. contrary and unsatisfactory
maghinga, ihinga (mag-:i-) v. to consequence obtained from a good-
expose, to bring out. Maghinga ka will act but uncalled for or uninvited
ng sama ng loob mo. Let off (a little) mahita’ (ma-) v. to obtain an un-
steam/ pour out your ill feelings. satisfactory or frustrating reqard for
hitít 49 hulí
a voluntary effort done in good-will. word of respect
Iyan ang mahihita mo! That’s what hoy intj. hey! an exclamation of
you get (for your goodwill)! warning or calling attention
hitít n. smoking of cigars or hubád adj. naked, undressed from
cigarettes • the waist up, not in possession of •
humitit (-um-) v. to smoke. Hu- maghubad, hubarín (mag-:-in) v.
mihitit siya ng tabako. He smokes to undress, to have nothing from
cigars. the waist up. Naghubad siya dahil
híto’ n. fresh water catfish sa init. He undressed because of the
hitsó n. betel nut leaf with line and heat. Hubarin mo ang kamiseta mo.
betel nut for chewing Take off your undershirt.
hitsúra n. form, aspect hubó’ adj. nude, undressed from
híwa’ n. a slice • the waist down •
humiwa’, maghiwa’, hiwaín maghubo’,hubuán (mag-:-an) v.
(-um-,mag-:-in) v. to cut with a to take off the pants, to undress
blade or knife, to slice. Maghiwa ka from the waist down. Maghubo ka
ng kamatis para sa ensalada. Slice ng pantalon. Take off your pants.
some tomatoes for the salad. húbog n. curves (figure)
manghiwa’ (mang-) v. to cut húkay – humukay (-um-, mag-:-in)
deliberately with a blade or knife v. to dig, to excavate. Humukay siya
hiwága’ n. mystery • ng butas. He dug a hole.
mahiwaga’ (ma-) adj. wonderful, hukbó’ n. army
mysterious hukóm n. judge
hiwaláy – humiwalay (-um-) v. hukúman n. court
to separate from. Humiwalay ka hukót adj. bent, stoop-shouldered
sa kanya. Leave him (go your own Húdas Sp adj. traitor [syn. taks´il ]
way). hudyát n. sign, password
maghiwalay, ihiwalay (mag-:i-) v. Hudyó Sp n. Jew, • adj. Jewish,
to sort out, to set apart. Maghiwalay wily
ka ng pagkain para sa tatay. Set húgas – maghugas, hugásan
aside some food for your father. (mag-:-an) v. to wash. Maghugas ka
hiwás adj. slant, oblique, diagonal ng plato. Wash the plate.
hiyá’ – mahiyain (ma-in) adj. shy, hugasán n. sink
bashful • húgis n. shape
mahiya’ (ma-) v. to feel em- húgot – humugot (-um-) v. to
barassed pull out, to draw. Humugot siya ng
manghiya’, hiyaín (mang-:-in) v. damit sa aparador. She pulled out a
to shame someone. Huwag mong dress from the cabinet.
hiyain ang mga Pilipino. Don’t manghugot, hugútin (mang-:-
embarass the Filipinos. in) v. to pull out. Huwag kang
hiyáng adj. suited, compatible, manghugot ng hindi mo ari. Don’t
agreeing (as medicine, food, com- pull out what is not yours.
pany, etc.) húla’ – manghula’, huláan (mang-
hiyás n. jewels, gems :-an) v. to predict, to guess, to tell
hiyáw – humiyaw (-um-) v. to one’s fortune. Nanghuhula siya sa
yell, to shout. Humiyaw ka para baraha. He tells fortunes from the
ka marinig. Yell so you would be cards.
heard. hulí adj. late, tardy, last •
ho’ part. colloquial form of po’, a mahuli (ma-) v. to be late or tardy.
húli 50 íkot
Dali ka at baka ka mahuli! Hurry up
or you might be late. I
húli – humuli (-um-) v. to catch, to
arrest, to apprehend ibá pron. other, others, another
manghuli, hulíhin (mang-:-in) • adj. another, other, different,
v. to catch someone, to chase unlike
after someone. Nanghuli siya ng mag-iba, ibahín (mag-:-in) v. to
masasamang tao. He caught bad switch, to change
people. ibabá’ n. lower part of the house, the
hulíng habílin n. last will of a dy- basement
ing person ibábaw n. upper crust or surface,
húlog – mahulog (ma-) v. to fall, top • adv. (sa ibabaw) over, above,
to drop. Nahulog siya sa kama. He on top
fell from the bed. ibáyo adj. opposite
maghulog, ihulog (mag-:i-) v. to ibáyo – mag-ibayo (mag-) v. to
drop, to fail (as in an examination), double, to be excessive, to be too
to pay in installment, to deposit much. Nag-ibayo ang halaga ng
(money). Maghulog ka ng pera sa bilihin. The prices of goods doubled.
bangko. Deposit money in the bank. íbig p v. want, like, wish, desire [syn.
Húlyo n. July gust´o]. Ibig niyang kumain ng suha.
huming í’ v. to ask for, to request He wants to eat the grapefruit.
humpák adj. hollow, sunken, umibig, mang-ibig, ibígin (-um-,
depressed mang-:-in) v. to want, to like, to de-
húni n. chirping or hooting of birds sire, to wish, to love. Umibig si Nora
or fowls kay Tirso. Nora loves Tirso.
Húnyo n. June mangingíbig n. beau, suitor
hurádo n. jury íbon n. bird
hurnó n. oven iká af. a prefix used to show
húsay – mahusay (ma-) adj. able, sequence, order. ika´ apat fourth
skillful, in good shape, orderly, well- ikatló num. third, derived from ika-
arranged tatlo
husgádo Sp n. court of justice [syn. ikáw pron. you (singular), usually
huk´uman ] occurs initially in sentences
hustó adj. sufficient, enough, fit, ad- íkit – umikit (-um-) v. to turn
equate [syn. sap´ at ] around, to turn inward, to rotate.
huwád adj. counterfeit, forged, fake, Habang umiikit ang mundo, lu-
false milipas ang panahon. As the earth
huwág adv. don’t, negative com- rotates, time goes by.
mand [var. hw´ag,] mag-ikit, ikítin, iikit v. (mag-:-in,
Huwébes n. Thursday i) to wind
huwés n. judge iklí’ – maikli’ (ma-) adj. short
huwéteng Ch n. a number pairing ikmó n. betel leaf
game íkot – umikot (-um-) v. to turn
around, to turn outward, to revolve.
Umikot siya sa buong bahay. She
went around the house.
mag-ikot, iikot (mag-:-i) v. to
turn around or to take around. Iikot
mo siya sa buong bayan. Take him
iksámin 51 impó
all around town. ílap – mailap (ma-) adj. not tame,
iksámin Sp umiksamin (-um-) v. wild
to take an examination or a test. ílaw n. light, lamp
Umiksamin siya kahapon. He took a ilawán n. lamp [syn. l´ampara ]
test yesterday. ilíng n. shaking of the head in denial
mag-iksámin, iksamínin (mag-:- or disapproval
in) v. to examine. Nag-iksamin ako Ilokáno/a n. a person from the Ilo-
ng kanyang mga binili. I examined cos region (masculine/ feminine)
the things he bought. ílog n. river
iksí’ – maiksi’ (ma-) adj. short ilóng n. nose
idlíp n. nap imbák – mag-imbak, imbakin,
ígat n. eel iimbak (mag-:-in, i-) v. to hoard, to
igkás – umigkas (-um-) v. to spring store away, to conserve. Nag-imbak
suddenly, to be discharged, to let sila ng bigas. They are hoarding
loose suddenly. Umigkas siyang bigla rice.
sa higaan. He sprang suddenly from imbénto – mag-imbento, imben-
the bed. tuhín, umimbento (mag-:-in, -um-
ígi – maigi (ma-) adj. well, all right ) v. to invent, to create. Si Edison
igíb – umigib, mag-igib, igibín (- ang nag-imbento ng kamera. Edison
um-, mag-:-in) v. to fetch water, to invented the camera.
carry water to a place. Mag-igib ka imbestigasyón Sp n. investigation
ng tubig sa poso. Fetch water from imbí adj. despicable, abject, mean
the well. imbitá – mag-imbita, imbitahín
igláp n. very brief moment [syn. (mag-:-in) v. to invite (someone).
sagl´it, sandal´i’ ] Imbitahin mo sila sa piyesta. Invite
ignoránte Sp adj. ignorant [syn. them to the fiesta.
mangm´ ang, hang´ al, ma´
ang, tang´
a] imbitasyón Sp n. invitation [syn.
Igoróte Sp n. Igorot [var. Igur´ ot ] any´aya, kumbid´ a]
íhaw – mag-ihaw, iháwin, iíhaw imík – umimik (-um-) v. to break
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to broil, to roast. the silence, to talk, to answer, to re-
Nag-ihaw si Juana ng tuyo. Juana ply. Hindi man lamang siya umimik.
roasted dried fish. She did not even talk.
íhi’ n. urine • imigrasyón Sp n. immigration
umihi’ (-um-) v. to urinate. Bawal imitasyón Sp n. imitation
umihi dito. It’s unlawful to urinate impáke – mag-impake, im-
here. pakíhin (mag-:-in) v. to pack.
ihít n. fit, convulsion (of laughter, Nag-impake siya ng mga lumang
anger or weeping) damit. He packed some old clothes.
ílag – umilag (-um-) v. to avoid, to impeksiyón Sp n. infection
dodge, to keep off, to shun. Umilag impít – mag-impit, impitín
ako sa bola. I dodged the ball. (mag:-in) v. to corner, to buy
mangilag (mang-) v. to be cau- up something to raise its price.
tious, to be wary, to keep away from. Nag-impit sila ng bigas para tumaas
Mangilag ka sa mga masamang tao. ang presyo. They cornered rice so
Avoid the undesirable people. that the price will go up.
ilálim n. bottom, space below or un- impluénsa Sp n. influenza [syn.
derneath • adv. used with sa trangk´aso]
ilán pron. some, several, a few impó Ch n. grandmother [syn. l´ola ]
ilán int. how many? impóng (-ng) adj. a title for an old
impók 52 íngat
woman used with a given name ture •
impók – mag-impok, impukín mainit (ma-) adj. hot, warm
(mag-:-in) v. to save (usually mag-init, inítin (mag-:-in) v. to
money). Kailangan nating mag- heat (something). Nag-init si Marta
impok ng pera. We need to save ng tubig para pampaligo. Marta is
money. heating water for bathing.
impormál Sp adj. informal ínit (ang úlo) – mainit (ma-) adj.
imposíble adj. impossible short-tempered
iná n. mother [syn. in´ ay, in´ ang, inodóro Sp n. water closet, toilet
n´anang, n´anay ] inóm n. drinks, beverage •
inaanák n. godchild (term of refer- uminom, inumín (-um-:-in) v.
ence) to drink (something), to take as of
inakáy n. young of fowls medicine
inahín n. egg-laying hen mag-inúman (mag-:-an) v. to have
ínam – mainam (ma-) adj. pleas- a drinking spree. Nag-inuman ang
ant, tasty, good, exquisite, delicate barkada sa tindahan. The gang is
ináng n. appellation for iná, mother, having a drinking spree at the store.
mama [syn. in´ay, n´ anang ] insó Ch n. appellation for the wife of
ínat – mag-inát, uminat (mag-, an elder brother or male cousin
-um-) v. to stretch (oneself). Nag- inspirádo Sp adj. inspired
inat siya at naghikab dahil sa pagod. insúlto – mainsulto (ma-) v. to be
He stretched himself and yawned insulted
because of fatigue. mang-insulto, insultuhín (mang-
ináy n. mother, mama :-in) v. to insult, to embarrass.
indák – umindak (-um-) v. to Ininsulto ng pari si Ibarra sa harap
dance (in time with the music). ng mga bisita. The priest insulted
Umindak ang mananayaw sa saliw Ibarra in front of the guests.
ng musika. The dancer danced to intelihénte Sp adj. intelligent [syn.
the tune of music. matal´ino, mar´ unong ]
indulhénsiya Sp n. indulgence (re- interés Sp n. 1 percentage of profit
ligion) or gain on a sum of money [syn.
inhinyéro n. engineer t´ ubo’ ] 2 sympathetic feeling
ubo’, pat´
in-ín, inin adj. food fully cooked (as 3 desire to obtain or possess
rice) after having been kept over hot intindí – umintindi (-um-) v.
coals for some time to understand, to comprehend.
iníp – mainip (ma-) v. to be bored, Hindi siya marunong umintindi. He
to be impatient. Nainip ako sa kahi- cannot comprehend.
hintay sa iyo. I got bored of waiting mag-intindi, intindihín (mag-:-
for you. in) v. to take care of, to look after,
inís – mainis (ma-) v. to be to attend to. Intindihin mo ang mga
annoyed, to be disgusted, to be kapatid mo. Attend to your brothers
exasperated. Nainis siya sa akin. (or sisters).
She got annoyed with me. Intsík n. Chinese
uminis, mang-inis, inisín (-um, inútil adj. useless, worthless
mang-:-in) v. to vex, to annoy, to inyó pron. you, yours (plural)
provoke, to exasperate. Huwag kang íngat Mal pag-iingat n. (pag-)
mang-inis ng kapwa. Don’t annoy carefulness •
your fellowmen. maingat (ma-) adj. cautious,
ínit n. heat, warmth, high tempera- careful
íngay 53 ísip
mag-ingat, pag-ingátan (mag- caught in the door].
:pag-an) v. to take care of, to mag-ipit (mag-) v. to clip, pin
safeguard, to exercise care. Nag- (hair). Mag-ipit ka ng buhok. Pin
iingat siyang mabuti sa sarili. She your hair in place.
takes good care of herself. mang-ipit, ipítin (mang-:-in, i-) v.
íngay n. noise, sound • to clip, to clasp, to press, to catch
maingay (ma-) adj. noisy in between
umingay (-um-) v. to become ipókrita Sp n. hypocrite
noisy. Umingay ang kuwarto. The ípon – mag-ipon, ipúnin (mag-:i-
room became noisy. in) v. to save, to collect, to put to-
mag-ingay (mag-) v. to create gether, to hoard. Ipunin mo ang sa-
noise. Nag-ingay sila sa kalye. They hod mo. Save your salary.
made a lot of noise in the street. ípot n. droppings of fowls and small
ingít n. whimper animals
ingkóng n/adj. a title for an old ípu-ípo n. cyclone, tornado, whirl-
man used with or without a given wind
name, a reference to an old man, írap – umirap (-um-) v. to give
grandfather a sullen glance. Umirap siya nang
inggít – mainggit (ma-) v. to be- utusan ko. She just closed her eyes
come envious, to begrudge. Nainggit and turned away when I made
siya sa akin. She was envious of my request. (She made a face and
me. turned away when I asked her to do
mang-inggit, inggitín (mang- something for me.)
:-in) v. to make others envious. mang-irap, irápan (mang-:i-an) v.
Nang-iinggit lang sila. They’re just Nang-irap na naman ang supladang
making me envious. babae. That snobbish girl just closed
Inglés, Ingglés n/adj. English, her eyes and turned away again.
English man • (That snob did it again – she made
mag-Inggles, Ingglisín (mag-:-in) a face at me and turned away.)
v. to speak in English to (someone). irí dem. this (that which is attached
Ingglisin mo siya. Speak to him in or close to the person speaking)
English. [var. iré ] •
Ingglisin (-in) v. to translate (a ganiré (ga-) adv. in this way or
passage or text into English). Ing- manner
glisin mo itong tulang ito. Translate irí n. the act of muscular force in
this poem into English. moving the bowels
ipá n. chaff or husk of palay írog n. beloved, darling [syn. sint´ a,
ipanganák v. to be born g´iliw ]
ípil n. hardwood tree used in house isá num. one
construction isá n/adv. next, as in sa isang
ípis n. cockroach linggo, next week
ípit – ip ítin (-in) v. to crush. Huwag ísaw n. small intestine
mong ipitin ang kamay mo. Don’t iskaparáte n. bookcase
crush your hand (e.g. on the car iskíper n. T-shirt
door). iskultór n. sculptor
maipit (ma) v. to get caught in isdá’ n. fish
between, to be clipped. Naipit siya ísip – mag-isip, isípin (mag-:-in) v.
sa pinto. She got pinched in the to think it over. Isipin mong mabuti
door [She (her hand, foot, etc.) got bago ka magdesisyon. You think it
ísla 54 labatíba
over carefully before you make your left.
decision. (Think it over carefully be- iyán dem. that, that one there •
fore you make up your mind.) diyan dem. there
ísla n. island hayan dem. there it is •
istádyum n. stadium niyan dem. of that
istánte n. shelf iyó pron. your, yours (singular)
istátuwa n. statue iyón dem. that (yonder), that one
istórya n. story [syn. kuwénto ] there
istráyk – mag-istrayk (mag-) v. doon there, yonder
to strike against (an employer). hayun there, yonder, it is
Mag-iistrayk ang empleyado ng niyon of that, yonder [var. noon ]
Safeway. Safeway’s employees will
go on strike.
istrétser n. stretcher L
istró n. straw
iták n. bolo, large knife, cutlass, laán – nakalaan (naka-) adj.
kitchen knife reserved for, intended for, headed
Itálya Sp n. Italy for
itáy n. father (term of address and labá – maglaba, labhán (mag-:-an)
reference) [syn. t´atay, Pap´a, It´
ang ] v. to wash clothes, to launder. Lab-
íti n. dysentery han mo ang mga damit. Wash the
ítik Mal n. species of duck that pro- clothes.
duces eggs made into balót labábo n. sink
itím adj. dark, black labág – lumabag (-um-) v. to vio-
itlóg n. egg late. Lumabag siya sa batas. He vio-
itó dem. this, this one here [var. iré ] lated the law.
díto here [var. d´ine ] labáha n. straight razor
héto here it is [var. éto] lában prep. against. Laban sa
nitó of this [var. niré ] kanya. Against him.
íwan – mag-iwan, iwánan (mag- lumaban (-um-) v. to fight against.
:-an) v. to leave something behind. Lumaban siya sa digmaan. He
Iwanan mo ang mga nahuli. Leave fought in the war.
the latecomers behind. labandéra/o n. laundrywoman,
mang-iwan (mang-) v. Nang-iwan laundryman
siya ng kanyang mga kasama. He labanós n. radish
left his companions behind. labangán n. tub or trough for feed-
íwas – umiwas, iwásan (-um-:-an) ing pigs and horses
v. to avoid. Umiwas ka sa sakuna. labás n. outside, exterior, out-of-
Avoid accidents. doors •
íwi – pag-iiwi (pag-) n. taking care lumabas (-um-) v. to go out, to
of an animal (as pig, goat, cattle, exit, to act in a show, to come out.
etc.) for someone else who is the real Lumabas siya sa eskuelahan. He
owner • came out of the school.
mag-iwi (mag-) v. to take care of maglabas, ilabas (mag-:i-) to
children or animal. Mag-iwi ka ng take out something, to put out
anak niya. Take care of her child. something, to withdraw (money).
iyák – umiyák (-um-) v. to cry. Ilabas mo ang plano. Bring out the
Umiyak siya sa pag-alis ng nanay plan.
niya. She cried when her mother labatíba n. enema
lábi’ 55 lagkít
lábi’ n. lip lakí adj. big, large • n. size • n. high
labíng prep. excess over the count of tide
ten as labing-ápat (fourteen) (from lákip – maglakip, ilakip (mag-:i-)
labi + -ng) v. to enclose. Maglakip ka ng abuloy
labintadór n. firecracker mo sa sobre. Enclose your contribu-
lábis adj. surplus, excessive tion in the envelope.
labnót – manglabnot, labnutín láko’ – maglako’, ilako’ (mag-:i-)
(mang-:-in) v. pull out forcibly, v. to peddle (merchandise). Ilako mo
pluck, cut, unroot. Nilabnot ng ang tinda mo sa maraming tao. Ped-
babae ang buhok ng kaaway. The dle your wares where there are many
woman pulled out the hair of her people.
enemy. laksá’ Sk n. ten thousand
lábo’ – malabo’ (ma-) adj. unclear, laksánte Sp adj. laxative [syn.
vague, hazy • purg´a]
lumabo’ (-um-) v. to become laktáw n. omission of step after
blurred. Lumabo ang kanyang making several consecutive ones •
paningin. His vision became lumaktaw, laktawán (-um-:-an)
blurred. v. to skip or omit a few steps
labóg adj. overcooked in a series supposed to be done
labóng n. bamboo shoots consecutively. Linaktawan niya ang
laboratóryo Sp n. laboratory tatlong pahina. He skipped the three
labúyo’ n. wild chicken, jungle fowl pages.
labúyo’ n. chili pepper ladlád – iladlad (i-) v. to unfurl.
lákad n. a person’s destination Iladlad mo ang bandila. Unfurl the
when preparing to make a trip or flag.
when preparing to leave • lága’ – maglaga’, ilaga’, lagáin
lumakad (-um-) v. to walk, to leave (mag-:i-, -in) v. to boil food (fish,
on a trip, to set out for. Lumakad meat, vegetables). Maglaga ka ng
ka nang mabilis. Walk fast. manok. Boil some chicken.
maglakád (mag-) to walk (not ride lágak – maglagak (mag-) v. to
in a vehicle), to walk frequently. deposit. Maglagak ka ng pera sa
Maglakad na lang tayo. Let’s just bangko. Deposit money in the bank.
walk. lagalág adj. wandering, roving
ilakad, lakárin (i-,-in) to peddle, to lagánap adj. scattered, well-known
take care of. Ilakad mo ang pagtaas lumaganap (-um-) v. to be scat-
ng katungkulan ko sa kaniya. Have tered, to be well-known. Lumaganap
him take care of my promotion. ang balita sa Presidente. The
makalakad (maka-) to be able to news about the president became
walk well-known.
lakás – malakas (ma-) adj. strong, lagári’ n. saw
powerful, loud. Malakas siyang lagás adj. fallen off, wilted
kumain. He is great at eating. lagáy – lumagay (-um-) v. to put
Tumawa siya nang malakas. He oneself in a certain condition. Luma-
laughed aloud. gay ka sa aking lugar. Put yourself in
lakbáy – maglakbay, lakbayín my place.
(mag-:-in) v. to travel, to take ilagay (i-) to put, to place (some-
a trip. Maglakbay tayo sa buong thing), to lay down something. Ila-
mundo. Let’s travel around the gay mo ang ulam sa kalan. Put the
world. main dish on the stove.
lagdá’ 56 lampás
lagkít – malagkit (ma-) adj. sticky lalamúnan n. throat
lagdá’ n. signature lalawígan n. province
lagíhay – malagihay (ma-) adj. lálim – malalim (ma-) adj. deep
somewhat dry, semi-dry lálo’ adj. more, excessive, especially,
lagím n. 1 gloom [syn. lumb´ ay, very. Lalo na kung madilim ang
lungk´ot ] 2 dread, terror [syn. gabi... Especially when the night is
pangamb´ a, t´
akot ] dark...
lagitík n. creak, creaking lamán n. meat, contents
laglág – malaglag (ma-) v. to fall. lámang only. I sa lamang ang
Nalaglag ang manggang hinog. The mansanas na natira. Only one apple
ripe mango fell. is left.
lagmák adj. helplessly prostrate lamáng n. advantage over others •
lagnát n. fever manglamang, lamangán (mang-:-
lagó’ – malago’ (ma-) adj. luxuri- an) v. to take advantage of others.
ant, bushy Linamangan na naman niya ako. He
lagók – lagukín (-in) v. to gulp. took advantage of me again.
Linagok niya ang tubig. He gulped lámas – maglamas, lamásin (mag-
down the water. :-in) v. to mash or crush with hand,
lagót – malagot (ma-) v. to to make dirty. Huwag mong lamasin
snap. Nalagot ang lubid. The rope ang tinda ko. Don’t mash my goods
snapped. for sale.
lagpák – lumagpak (-um-) v. to manglamas, lamásin (mang-:-in)
fall. Lumagpak ang mangga. The to mash or crush with hand, to make
mango fell. dirty. Nanglamas siya ng mga pru-
maglagpak, ilagpak (mag-:i-) to tas. He squashed the fruits.
fail, to drop. Ilagpak mo siya sa lámat n. slight crack, especially of
klase mo. Fail him in your class. glass
Maglagpak ka ng estudyanteng lámay n. funeral wake, vigil •
tamad. Fail lazy students. maglamay, lamáyin (mag-:-in)
lagúsan n. mountain pass v. to keep vigil, to stay awake all
láhad – ilahad (i-) v. to present. night. Lalamayin ko ang trabaho ko.
Ilahad mo ang katotohanan. Present I’ll stay up late with my work.
the truth. lambák n. valley
lahát pron. all • adj. all, everyone, lambát n. net
everything lambíng – maglambing (mag-)
láhi’ n. race v. to caress, to show fondness,
lahók n. an ingredient • affection, tenderness. Naglambing
maglahok (mag-) v. to add to siya sa nanay niya. He showed
a mixture. Naglahok siya ng am- affection for his mother.
palaya sa kanyang luto. She added lambót – malambot (ma-) adj.
bittermelon to her cooking. soft, tender
lahók n. entry in a contest • lamíg – malamig (ma-) adj. cold,
lumahok (-um-) v. to be a contes- chilly, cool
tant. Gusto mo bang lumahok sa tim- lamók n. mosquito
palak? Do you want to be a contes- lamóg adj. bruised, soften by over-
tant in the contest. handling
lalá’ – malala’ (ma-) adj. serious, lampá Ch adj. awkward and
grave (illness) unsteady, unsure of footing
laláki n. man, male adj. male lámpara n. lamp
lampín 57 laró’
lampás adj. 1 excessive, too much [syn. matand´ a’, ant´igo]
[syn. l´abis, masy´ ado, hig´it ] 2 beyond láon n. long time [syn. tag´ al ]
limits, reaching beyond, penetrating laós adj. antiquated, outdated, ob-
beyond 3 passing ahead of solete
lampín n. diaper lápa’ – paglapa’ (pag-) n. butcher-
lamúkot n. fleshy part of the fruit ing, quartering (of animals) •
sticking to seeds lapáin (-in) v. to butcher, slaughter.
lamyá’ n. cozy or caressive manner Linapa niya ang baka. He butchered
of talking the cow.
lána n. wool lápad n. width •
landás n. path, beaten path, trail malapad (ma-) adj. wide
[syn. da´an ] lapág – maglapag, ilapag (mag-:i-
landí’ adj. flirtatious [syn. kir´i, bali- ) v. to lay on floor or ground level.
hand´ a’, taland´i’, land´it ] Ilapag mo ang palanggana. Put the
lansá – malansa (ma-) adj. stench basin on the floor (ground).
or taste of fish, fishy taste lapastángan adj. irreverent, disre-
lanság adj. dismantled, broken into spectful, discourteous
pieces (machinery or the like) lápat adj. adjusted, fit •
lansángan n. street (in general maglapat, ilapat (mag-:i-) v. to
sense) adjust, to fit. Ilapat mo ang pinto.
lansónes n. lanzones Adjust the door.
lantá adj. wilted, withered, faded lápida Sp n. gravestone (with
(decayed) inscription)
lantád adj. in full view, exposed lapirót adj. mussed, crumpled (by
lantík n. graceful bend or curve (of tips of fingers)
eyelashes, hips, etc.) • lápis n. pencil
malantik (ma-) adj. long, curved lapisák adj. crushed, broken as eggs,
(eyelashes) fruits, tomatoes or the like
lantód adj. women indelicately lápit – malapit (ma-) adj. near,
dressed, or prone to be so, loose close •
lántsa Sp n. launch lumapit (-um-) v. to approach or
lang part. only, just, representing to go near. Lumapit ka sa akin.
little value, shorten form of lamang Come near me.
lángaw n. fly, housefly maglapít (mag-) to assume posi-
langká’ n. jackfruit [var. nangk´ a’ ] tions near to each other. Maglapit
langgám n. ant kayo. Stay close together.
langíb n. scab of wounds maglapit, ilapit (mag-:i-) to take
langís n. oil • something close to someone. Ilapit
malangis (ma-) adj. oily mo ang silya sa kaniya. Move the
lángit n. sky, heavens chair close to him.
langitngít n. shrill, creaking sound lápu-lápu n. spotted rock bass or
(produced by rusty hinges or the species of fish
rubbing of the bamboo stalks, floor laráwan n. picture, portrait [syn.
boards, etc., against each other) litr´
ato] •
langó’ adj. tipsy, drunk [syn. las´ing ] ilarawan (i-) v. to describe (some-
langóy – lumangoy, languyín one or something), to portray. Maari
(-um-:-in) v. to swim. Lumangoy mo bang ilarawan ang mandurukot?
siya sa ilog. He swam the river. Can you describe the pickpocket?
laón adj. old, as grains and cereals laró’ n. game •
láruan 58 libáng
maglaro’ (mag-) v. to play (a ng lubid. Dangle the rope.
game). Maglaro kayo sa silong. Play lawrél n. bay leaf
in the basement. láya’ n. freedom •
laruín (-in) to play with. Laruin malaya’ (ma-) adj. free, emanci-
mo ang bata. Play with the child. pated, independent
láruan n. playground layág – maglayag (mag-) v. to
laruán n. toy, plaything sail away, to rove. Madalas siyang
lása n. taste • maglayag. He roves most of the
malasa (ma-) adj. spicy, tasty time.
lumasa, lasáhin (-um-:-in) v. to láyas – lumayas (-um-) v. to go
taste, to have taste of. Ikaw ang away, to run away. Lumayas siya
lumasa ng ulam. You taste the dish. kahapon. He ran away yesterday.
lasáp Sk n. fine taste, enjoyable maglayás (mag-) to travel around
taste • in vagabondage or wanderlust.
lumasap, lasapín (-um-:-in) v. to Mahilig siyang maglayas. He loves
relish the taste of the food, to enjoy to wander.
(something). Lasapin mo ang simoy láyaw n. freedom
ng hangin. Inhale (with relish) the láyo’ – malayo’ (ma-) adj. far
(fresh) air. distance •
laséta Sp n. pocket knife [var. lumayo’ (-um-) v. to stay or keep
lanséta ] away. Lumayo ang mga kaibigan
lasíng adj. drunk, intoxicated niya sa kaniya. His friends kept
láso Sp n. ribbon away from him.
lástiko Sp n. elastic rubber band maglayó, ilayó (mag-:i-) to sepa-
láta n. tin, can rate, to put something away from
látak n. residue, dregs, sediment (of the reach of someone. Ilayo mo ang
liquids) baso sa bata. Put the glass out of
látag – maglatag, ilatag (mag-:i-) the child’s reach.
v. to spread out, to unfold and lay láyon n. purpose, aim
on the ground. Maglatag ka ng banig. laybráryan n. librarian
Roll out the mat. lebadúra Sp n. yeast
látay Ch n. swollen lash or whip leksiyón Sp n. lesson
marks on the skin, welt leég n. neck
latían n. swamp legál adj. lawful
latík n. scum of coconut milk lénte Sp n. lens, flashlight, flood
látiko n. whip lights
láwa’ n. lake, pool, lagoon lentéhas Sp n. lentils
láwak n. area • león Sp n. lion [var. liy´
on ]
malawak (ma-) adj. vast, very spa- létra Sp n. alphabetic character, let-
cious ter
láway n. saliva libág n. dirt of the skin
láwin n. hawk líban prep. except. Liban na
lawít – lumawit (-um-) v. to lamang sa ilan. Except only for a
dangle, to hang down, to suspend. few. • n. omission • adj. absent
Lumawit ang dila ng aso. The dog’s (non-attendance)
tongue hung down. libáng – maglibang (mag-) v. to
maglawit, ilawit (mag-:i-) to find some kind of recreation, to
dangle, to hang down, to suspend, provide distraction, amusement, or
to dangle (something). Maglawit ka entertainment. Maglibang ka at baka
Liberál 59 lihís
ka maloko. Get some recreation or liksyón n. lesson
you might crack up. líder n. leader
manglibang, libangín (mang-:-in) ligálig n. trouble, perturbation, pre-
to entertain, to provide distrac- occupation, bother • adj. perturbed,
tion, amusement or entertainment. bothered, disturbed
Libangin mo ang mga nag-aantay. lígaw n. courtship •
Entertain those who are waiting. lumigaw (-um) v. to court, to woo.
Liberál n. Liberal Party (a major Lumigaw siya sa magandang dalaga.
political party in the Philippines) He courted a beautiful girl.
libíng n. burial, internment • manligaw, iligaw (mang-:i-) to
maglibing, ilibing (mag-:i-) v. court, to woo. Lagi siyang nanliligaw
to inter, to bury. Inilibing nila ang ng mga babae. He is always courting
patay. They buried the dead. girls.
libíngan n. cemetery ligáw – maligaw (ma-) v. to get
libís n. slope, hillside, valley lost, to stray. Naligaw siya sa
liblíb n. hidden or infrequented lunsod. He got lost in the city.
place manligaw, iligaw (mang-:i-) to
líbo num. a unit of thousand guide to the wrong way. Iniligaw
líbog – kalibúgan (ka-an) n. lust, ng tsuper ang pasahero. The driver
lascivious took the passengers the wrong way.
líbot – lumibot (-um-) v. to go ligáya – maligaya (ma-) adj.
around, to wander. Lumibot siya sa happy, merry
paligid ng bahay. He went around ligíd adj. surrounded
the outside of the house. lígo’ – paligo’ (pa-) n. bathing
maglibót (mag-) to go around, to páliguan (pa-an) n. bathroom,
wander. Maglibot ka sa bayan. Go bathing place •
around the town. maligo’ (ma-) v. to take a bath
líbre Sp adj. free, gratis, free of re- or shower, to bathe. Naligo siya sa
sponsibility ilog. He went for a dip in the river.
libró n. book [syn. akl´ at ] ligpít – ligpitín (-in) v. to clear, to
likás adj. natural, native, inborn, in- put away (something). Ligpitin mo
nate ang mga laruan. Put away the toys.
likhá’ – lumikha’ (-um-) v. to cre- ligtá’ – makalígtaan (maka-an) v.
ate. Lumikha si Nena ng malaking to omit or neglect inadvertently.
gulo. Nena created great confusion. Nakaligtaan niyang isusi ang bahay.
líkido adj. liquid He forgot to lock up the house.
likó’ – lumiko’ (-um-) v. to turn, to ligtás – magligtas, iligtas (mag-:i-
curve, to bend. Lumiko ang kotse sa ) v. to save, to free. Iligtas mo po
kanan. The car turned to the right. siya. Please help him.
magliko’,iliko’ (mag-:i-) to turn líha’ n. division of an orange fruit, a
something. Iliko mo ang kotse sa slice
kaliwa. Turn the car to the left. líham n. letter [syn. s´ulat ]
likód n. back • adj. back, rear, be- lihí – maglihi, paglihihán (mag-
hind • adv. at the back, used with :pag-an) v. to show first signs of
sa pregnancy. Naglihi siya sa mangga.
likót – malikot (ma-) adj. restless, She craved for mangoes (because
fidgety, wriggly, mischievous she is conceiving).
liksí – maliksi (ma-) adj. fast, ac- líhim n. secret
tive lihís – lumihis (-um-) v. to detour,
liít 60 lislís
to deviate from. Lumihis ang kotse lindól n. earthquake, tremor •
sa putik. The car drove around the lumindol (-um-) v. to shake (as in
mud. an earthquake). Lumindol sa Pilip-
maglihis, ilihis (mag-:i-) to deviate inas. There was an earthquake in the
something from. Ilihis mo ang kotse Philipines.
sa mga bato. When driving the car línya Sp n. line [syn. g´uhit ]
avoid the rocks. línis – malinis (ma-) adj. clean •
liít – maliit (ma-) adj. small, little maglinis, linisín (mag-:-in) v. to
líla adj. violet, lavender [syn. ´ube ] clean. Linisin mo ang bahay. Clean
lílim n. shade the house.
lílip n. hemming (stitched, as on lintá’ n. leech
cloth) lintík n. lightning
lilís – maglilis, ililis (mag-:i-) v. to línga’ n. sesame seeds
pull up the skirt or trousers, to roll lingkód – maglingkod, paglingkurán
up the sleeves. Naglilis siya ng damit (mag-:pag-an) v. to serve, to give or
dahil sa mataas ang tubig. She pulled offer service. Maglingkod ka sa mga
up her skirt because of the high wa- nangangailangan. Help those who
ter. are in need.
lílo adj. unfaithful, disloyal, Linggó n. 1 Sunday 2 week
traitorous [syn. taks´il, traid´
or ] linggó-linggó adv. every week,
limá num. five weekly
limbág – maglimbag, limbagín, lingíd adj. hidden, not known,
ilimbag (mag-:-in, i-) v. to print, secret
to write in block letters. Linimbag lipád – lumipad, liparín (-um-:-in)
nila ang bagong libro. They printed v. to fly. Lumipad ang ibon sa isang
the new book. puno. The bird flew to a tree.
limós n. alms • lipás adj. out of fashion, obsolete,
maglimos, limusán (mag-:an) v. faded •
to give alms. Limusan mo siya ng lumípas (-um-) v. to lapse, to come
kaunting baryang nasa mesa. Give to pass. Lumipas ang mahabang
him the remaining change (alms) on panahon. A long time passed.
the table. lípat – lumipat (-um-) v. to
magpalimos (magpa-) v. to beg, transfer, to move to another place.
to ask for alms. Nagpalimos ang Lumipat na siya ng bahay. He moved
pulubi. The beggar begged for alms. to a different house.
límot – lumimot, limútin (-um- maglipat, ilipat (mag-:i-) v. to
:-in) v. to forget. Lumimot siya transfer, to move to another place.
sa aming usapan. He forgot our Ilipat mo ang aking mga kasangka-
agreement. pan. Transfer my possessions.
kalimútan (ka-an) v. to forget. lipistík n. lipstick
Huwag mong kalimutan ang bilin lípon n. crowd, gathering, meeting
ko. Don’t forget my instruction. [syn. p´ulong, m´iting, l´
upon ]
limpiyabóta n. bootblack, lipúnan n. society in general (from
shoeshine boy lípon)
limunáda Sp n. lemonade líryo n. lily
linamnám n. deliciousness, lisá’ n. nit, eggs of lice
exquisiteness of taste or savor líso adj. plain, unadorned
malinamnam (ma-) adj. delicious lislís adj. rolled up or blown up
línaw – malinaw (ma-) adj. clear showing what is covered (usually
listá 61 luglóg
skirts) [var. lil´is ] and reference)
listá – maglista, ilista (mag-:i-) v. lólo n. grandfather (term of address
to list down. Maglista ka ng iyong and reference)
mga kailangan. Make a list of the lómo n. tenderloin
things you need. longganísa Sp n. pork sausage
lísto Sp adj. clever, quick, prompt loób n. interior, internal part, the in-
litáw – lumitaw (-um-) v. to side of something • adv. used with
emerge, to become visible. Lumitaw sa, inside, within
ang kanyang mga tagihawat. His loók n. bay, gulf
pimples came out. lóro n. parrot
maglitaw, ilitaw (mag-:i-) to bring lóryat Ch n. sumptuous dinner with
out. Ilitaw mo ang iyong tunay na a great number of Chinese dishes
pagkatao. Bring out your own true lubhá’ – malubha’ (ma-) adj. seri-
nature. (Be yourself.) ous, grave, very ill
lítid n. ligament lúbid n. rope
litó – manglito, lituhín (mang- lubóg adj. submerged •
:-in) v. to confuse. Huwag mong lumubog (-um-) v. to sink, to
lituhin ang bumibilang. Don’t submerge. Lumubog ang bapor. The
confuse the one who is counting. boat sank.
litráto n. picture, photograph [syn. maglubog, ilubog (mag-:i-) to
lar´awan ] sink, to submerge. Huwag mo siyang
lítro n/qnt. liter ilubog sa ilog. Don’t submerge him
litsíyas Ch n. cherimoyer, lychees in the river.
litsón n. roast pig (usually a whole lubós adv. total, entire, completely,
roasted pig) absolutely
litsúgas Sp n. lettuce lukót adj. wrinkled, creased
liwánag – maliwanag (ma-) adj. luksá’ adj. in mourning, in black
bright, clear, distinct luksó – lumukso, luksuhín (-um-:-
liwaywáy n. dawn in) v. to jump, to hop. Luksuhin mo
liyáb – magliyab, lumiyab (mag-, ang bakod. Jump over the fence.
-um-) v. to blaze. Lumiyab ang luku-lukó adj. crazy [var. l´oko]
kusina. The kitchen was ablaze with lúga’ n. pus in ear
fire. Nagliyab ang panggatong. The lugár n. place [var. lug´al ]
firewood was ablaze. lugás adj. fallen off, as grains from
liyábe n. wrench the stable, hair
liyád adj. bent backward with stom- lúgaw n. porridge, gruel, watery rice
ach protruding lúgay – nakalugay (naka-) adj.
liyémpo n. a large cut or piece of long hair hanging loosely or freely
meat lúgi n. loss in a business transaction
lóbo n. balloon malugi (ma-) v. to lose in a busi-
lokál adj. local, not imported ness deal. Nalugi ang negosyo niya.
lóko/a adj. crazy, insane, mad (mas- His business is in the red.
culine/ feminine) • lugíhin (-in) v. to cause someone
maloko (ma-) v. to become crazy, to to lose in a business deal. Huwag
crack up, to be madly inclined to do mo akong lugihin sa aking paninda.
something. Maglibang ka at baka ka Don’t let me lose in my sales.
maloko. Have some fun or you may luglóg Ch n. a kind of noodle which
get crazy. is dipped in boiling stock •
lóla n. grandmother (term of address iluglog (i-) v. to rinse clothes by
lugmók 62 lúsob
shaking in the water [syn. banl´ aw ]. lundág – lumundag, lundagín
Iluglog mo ang damit sa mainit na (-um-:-in) v. to leap, to jump.
tubig. Rinse the clothes in hot water. Lumundag si Kardo sa bintana.
lugmók adj. helplessly prostrate Kardo jumped out of the window.
lugó adj. extremely weak due to Lúnes n. Monday
sickness (fowls and birds) lunók – lumunok (-um-) v. to swal-
lúha’ n. tears • low. Lumunok siya bago magsalita.
magpaluha’, paluhaín (mag-:pa- She swallowed before she spoke.
in) v. to make someone cry or weep lunukín (-in) v. to swallow.
or burst into tears. Tigilan mo na Lunukin mo ang gamot. Swallow
ang magpaluha ng babae. Stop mak- the medicine.
ing the girls cry. lúnod – lunúrin (-in) v. to over-
lúla’ – pagkalúla’ (pagka-) n. ver- come, to drown (someone or
tigo, seasickness [syn. h´ilo, liy´
o] • something). Lunurin mo sa alak ang
malúla’ (ma-) v. to be dizzy due iyong sama ng loob. Drown your
to seasickness or airsickness. Nalula hurt feelings in drink.
siya sa bapor. He got seasick in the malunod (ma-) v. to drown.
boat. Nalunod si Josefa. Josefa drowned.
lúlan – lumulan (-um-) v. to load, lunót adj. softened, overripe, refer-
to ride. Lumulan siya sa tren. He ring to fruits
rode a train. lunsád – lunsáran (-an) n. pier, un-
maglulan, ilulan (mag-:i-) to load, loading port
to ride. Maglulan ka ng mga gulay sa lunsód n. city
trak. You load the vegetables on the lungkót adj. sad, unhappy •
truck. malungkot (ma-) v. to become sad
lulód n. shin lunggá’ n. hole for rats
lulón – lumulon, lulunín (-um-:- lúpa’ n. earth soil, land, earth,
in) v. to swallow. Lumulon siya ng ground, ground floor, downstairs
buto ng santol. He swallowed the lupálop n. any far away place
seed of the santol. lupaypáy adj. with the wings or
malulon (ma-) v. to swallow limbs weakened and drooping
(accidentally). Nalulon ng bata ang lupí’ n. fold, folding [syn. tup´i’,
imperdible. The child swallowed a op] •
tikl´
safety pin. nakalupi’ (naka-) adj. folded
maglulon, lulunin, ilulon (mag-:- lupíg adj. vanquished, subjugated,
in, i-) v. to roll up as paper money, conquered
mat or the like. Ilulon mo ang banig. lupít – malupit (ma-) adj. cruel
Roll up the mat. lúpon n. committee, commission
lúma’ adj. old, not new, antiquated lurá’ n. sputum •
(used for objects) lumura’, ilura’ (-um-:i-) v. to spit.
lumbáy n. sadness, downcast Lumura siya sa tabi ng daan. He
feeling, loneliness [syn. lungk´ ot ] spat on the side of the road.
lumpiyá’ Ch n. meat, shrimps manlura’ (mang-) v. to spit.
and/or vegetables packed in rice Nanlura siya sa mga nagdaraan. He
starch wrapper spat on the passers-by.
lúmot n. moss luráy adj. mangled, destroyed
lumpó adj. crippled, partially or luslós n. (Med) hernia, rupture •
completely paralyzed adj. fallen, hanging down
lúnas n. remedy, cure lúsob – lumusob (-um-) v. to
lúsog 63 madrína
attack, to assault. Lumusob ang from town to city. Lumuwas siya sa
mga masasamang loob sa bayan. Maynila. She went to Manila (from
The bandits attacked the town. the province).
manlusob, lusubín (mang-:-in) v. magluwas, iluwas (mag-:i-) v. to
to attack, to assault. Linusob nila take to the city. Iniluwas niya ang
ang mga kaaway. They assaulted kanyang panauhin sa Maynila. He
their enemies. brought his visitor to Manila.
lúsog – malusog (ma-) adj. healthy luwát – maluwat (ma-) adj. long
lusóng n. mortar (for pounding rice) (in time), slow. Maluwat matutuhan.
lusót – lumusot (-um-) v. to pass Takes a long time to learn. Natutulog
through, to penetrate, to overtake. ako ng maluwat. I sleep long (hours).
Lumusot ang paa niya sa butas. His • adv. for a long time

foot passed through the opening. lúya n. ginger

maglusot, ilusot (mag-:i-) to luylóy adj. hanging loosely
smuggle. Inilusot nila ang mga
kontrabando. They smuggled the
contraband goods through. M
lútang n. buoy •
lutáng adj. floating, adrift ma- indicates the possessor of a qual-
lumutang (-um-) v. to rise above ity, ma- derivatives occasionally oc-
the surface (of liquids). Lumutang cur with absolute instead of conjuga-
ang bangkay sa ilog. The corpse tive complements
floated in the river. maaári’ pv. to make something
lutás adj. 1 finished, terminated possible, may, possibly, can. Maaari
[syn. tap´
os, y´ ap] 2 solved
ari’, gan´ kang magtagumpay. You can become
lutó’ adj. cooked successful.
magluto, lutuin, iluto (mag-:-in, mabólo n. velvet apple
i-) to cook. Magluto ka ng adobo. maka- a verb prefix meaning ability,
Cook adobo. permission or opportunity to act, an
lutóng – malutong (ma-) adj. adjective prefix meaning ”for” or ”in
crisp, brittle favor of”. maka-Rizal. For Rizal.
luwá’ adj. bulging, sticking or makahiyá’ n. Mimosa pudica
protruding out • makapag- pref. a verb prefix mean-
lumuwa’ (-um-) v. to bulge, to ing to have the chance or opportu-
stick out, to protrude. Lumuwa ang nity to do
mata ni Toni sa inggit. Toni’s eyes makapunó’ n. freak coconut full of
bulged out with envy. soft meat
magluwa’, iluwa’ (mag-:i-) v. to maki- an actor-focus verb prefix
belch out, to spit out. Iluwa mo ang which indicates a request, its
buto ng kinakain mo. Spit out the goal-focus counterpart is paki
seeds of what you’re eating. mákina n. sewing machine, machine
luwág adj. loose makinárya Sp n. machinery
luwál – magluwal, iluwal (mag-:i-) makinílya n. typewriter
v. to give birth. Nagluwal si Teria ng makíta v. to happen to see
kambal. Terry gave birth to twins. makópa n. mountain apple
luwalháti’ n. glory madaling-áraw n. dawn, sunrise
luwáng (ma-) madlá’ n. the public, all the people
maluwang adj. loose mádre n. nun
luwás – lumuwas (-um-) v. to go madrína Sp n. female sponsor at
madyóng 64 manibaláng
baptism, confirmation, wedding, or málay n. knowledge, conciousness,
special celebration [syn. n´inang ] awareness
madyóng Ch n. the game of maléta n. luggage
mahjong malí’ – kamalian (ka-an) n. a blun-
maéstro/a n. teacher (masculine/ der, a mistake, error adj. wrong
feminine) malunggáy n. horseradish tree
magá’ adj. swollen • v. to become máma’ n. mister
swollen mamayá’ adv. after a while, soon,
mágasin n. magazine later on, as in mamayang gabi, later
magkáno int. question word that this evening
means ”how much” mámamayan n. citizen
magkasíng adv. of equal quality, mamón Sp n. a kind of sponge cup-
as...as, same as cake
magíng v. 1 to be, to become 2 man pron. with the interrogative
transient (active) particle word pronouns sino, kanino, ano, alin,
or phrase modified is something kailan, saan, etc. : ever, as, sino man
coming into being, arising at the whoever; sa kanino man, whomever;
time specified by the tense-form of ano man, whatever; alin man,
the particle. Siya ay naging hukom. whichever; kailan man, whenever;
He became a judge. Naging bantog saan man, wherever; magkano man,
siya sa buong bayan. He became whatever the cost (price); paano
famous throughout the whole town. man whatever the manner, etc •
magnéto n. magnet adv. 1 also, too. Ako man. I, too.
magsasaká n. farmer 2 with lamang denotes minimum
magúlang n. parents (term of refer- act or the least to do. Magluto ka
ence) man lamang sana. The least you
mahál adj. dear, loved, costly, could do is cook. • conj. although,
noble, well-esteemed, expensive • despite. Matalino ka man ay dapat
magmaghal, mahalín (mag-:-in) ka ring mag-aral. Although you are
v. to hold dear, to love. Mahalin mo intelligent (you) need to study.
ang iyong mga magulang. Love your mána n. heritage, inheritance •
parents. magmana, manáhin (mag-:-in) v.
maís n. corn to inherit, to receive as inheritance,
malagkít n. glutinous rice, a species to take after. Nagmana si Crisanta
of rice which is sticky when cooked sa kanyang ama. Crisanta inherited
• adj. sticky her feature from her father.
maláman v. to know mananáyaw n. dancer
málas Sp n. bad luck [syn. wal´ ang manás n. beriberi
suwérte, buw´isit ] • manatíli’ v. to stay, be permanent
malásin (-in) v. to suffer bad luck. mandalá’ n. haystack, stack of
Minalas siya sa sabungan kahapon. palay
He had bad luck at the cockpit yes- mándo Sp n. command [syn. utos ´ ]
terday. maného – magmaneho, manehúin
malasákit n. solicitude, protective (mag-:-in) v. to drive (a car), to
concern manage. Magmaneho ka ng kotse.
malasádo Sp adj. half-cooked, Drive a car.
cooked rare (or medium rare), manhíd n. cramp, numbness • adj.
soft-boiled (eggs) numb
malát n. hoarseness [syn. pa´ os ] maní’ n. peanut
maníka’ 65 máya-máya
manibaláng adj. almost ripe, dálita’) [syn. dukh´
a’ ]
nearly ripe marámi adj. much, many, lots of,
maníka’ n. doll plentiful
manikurísta n. manicurist marká – magmarka (mag-) v. to
mánidyer n. manager, employer, mark, to stamp. Nagmarka ang
boss sampal niya. His slap left a mark.
manlalápa’ n. butcher margarín n. margarine
máno – magmano (mag-) v. to kiss margaríta n. zinnia (a kind of
an elder’s hand in respect or greet- flower)
ing. Magmano ka sa iyong lola. Kiss maríno n. serviceman in the navy or
the hand of your grandmother. the marines
manók n. chicken maripósa Sp n. butterfly [syn. paru-
mansánas n. apple par´o]
mansanílya n. chrysanthemum marmól n. marble
mantél n. table cloth Márso n. March
mantíka’ n. shortening, lard Martés n. Tuesday
mantikádo adj. buttered martílyo n. hammer
mantikílya n. butter martír Sp n. martyr
mantsá n. stain mártsa Sp n. march •
manúgang n. daughter-in-law or magmartsa (mag-) v. to march.
son-in-law (term of reference) Nagmartsa siya sa parada. He
mánunulat n. writer marched in the parade.
mang adj. a title of respect used mas adv. more, as in mas maganda,
with the first name of a man, more beautiful
contracted form of mama’, mister. mása Sp n. dough
Mamang Pedro becomes Mang masáhe n. massage •
Pedro magmasahe, masahíin (mag-:-in)
mángangalakal n. businessman v. to give a massage
mánganganta n. singer masétas Sp n. potted plants, plants
mangangátay n. butcher in vases
mangkók n. bowl masetéra Sp n. flower pot, flower
manggá n. mango vase
manggagámot n. doctor maskáda Sp n. nutmeg
manggagáwa’ n. laborer masíd – magmasid, masdán
manggás n. sleeve (mag-:-an) v. to observe closely, to
manggustín n. mangosteen look at searchingly. Magmasid ka
manghuhúla’ n. fortune-teller ng mga paligid mo. Observe your
mangingisdá’ n. fisherman surroundings.
mangmáng adj. illiterate, ignorant, máso n. mallet, large hammer
stupid masustánsiya adj. nutritious
mangungúlot n. hairdresser, beau- masyádo adv. very, exceedingly
tifician matá n. eye
mangyári conj. because • v. to hap- matadéro Sp n. slaughterhouse
pen matadór Sp n. bullfighter
maóng n. denim mata-póbre adj. snobbish
map n. mop matsíng n. monkey [syn. ungg´ oy ]
mápa n. map may part. to have, there is (are), to
maráhil adv. perhaps possess
marálita’ adj. poor, indigent (from máya n. sparrow
maybáhay 66 múlat
máya-máya n. malabar red snapper Nagmisa ang pare sa patay. The
maybáhay n. wife (term reference) priest said mass for the dead.
Máyo n. May mísmo pron. self. Siya mismo. He,
mayonésa n. mayonnaise himself.
mayroón part. there is, there exist, misteryóso/a adj (masculine/
to have (something), to possess feminine). mysterious
mekániko n. mechanic míswa n. fine wheat noodle
medálya Sp n. medal misyonáryo n. missionary
medída n. tape measure míting n. a meeting •
medisína Sp n. medicine magmiting (mag-) v. to have a
médya ágwa n. awning meeting. Nagmiting ang kandidato
médyas n. socks, stockings sa plasa. The candidate had a
médyo adv. somewhat, slightly, so- meeting at the plaza.
so Miyérkoles n. Wednesday
melón Sp n. melon, cantaloupe mo pron. you, your, second person
ménos adj. less, of less degree or singular personal pronoun which is
value, lacking, minus a member of the ng set of pronouns
mensahéro Sp n. messenger móda Sp n. fashion, style [syn.
meriénda n. snack • ist´ilo]
magmerienda (mag-) v. to have modélo Sp n. model
snacks, to take a snack modérno/a adj (masculine/ fem-
mésa n. table inine). modern
mestísa adj. person of mixed blood modísta n. modiste, dressmaker,
usually of Spanish-Filipino mixture seamstress, dress shop
métro n. meter, unit of length of the módo Sp n. manners, civility [syn.
metric system asal,
´ ug´
ali’ ]
méyor n. mayor of a city or town molábe n. molave tree
mga part. (pronoun mangá) particle móngha n. nun
that pluralizes count nouns. Mga morkón Sp n. a kind of meat dish, a
guro Teachers meat roll stuffed with olives, pickles,
míki Ch n. noodle made from saline sausage, hard boiled eggs
wheat dough moréna/o Sp adj. brown color,
mikróbyo Sp n. microbe, germ, bac- brown-skin (feminine/ masculine)
terium [syn. kayumangg´i’, kulay-kapé,
mikrópono Sp n. microphone [syn. kast´ anyo]
mayk (from ”mike” English slang)] móro/a Sp n. moor, Mohammedan,
mikroskópyo Sp n. microscope Moslem (masculine/ feminine) [syn.
Miérkoles n. Wednesday [var. Musl´im ]
Miyérkoles ] mortál Sp adj. having the quality of
milágro Sp n. miracle [syn. himal´ a’ ] dying or ending, fatal
mílya Sp n. mile motorsíklo n. motorcycle
milyón Sp n. million [syn. ´angaw ] mukhá’ n. face • adv. seemingly,
milyonáryo n. millionaire looks like, appears like [var. muk´a’ ]
minerál n. mineral mukmók – magmukmok (mag-) v.
minindál n. snack to sulk. Huwag kang magmukmok sa
minístro n. minister sulok. Don’t sulk in the corner.
mínsan adv. once, once in a while mulá’ conj. ever since, since • prep.
mísa n. mass • from, derived from simulá’, starting
magmisa (mag-) v. to say mass. with or starting from
mulí’ 67 náis
múlat – magmulat, imulat (mag- muwébles Sp n. furniture
:i-) v. to open one’s eyes, to educate,
to nurture. Imulat mo ang iyong mga
mata. Open your eyes. N
mulí’ adv. again, once more, once
again na adv. 1 now, already. Ako na.
multá n. fine, penalty • It’s my turn to do it now or I’ll
magmulta, imulta (mag-:i-) v. do it instead of someone else. 2
to pay a fine. Nagmulta siya nang after nouns or pronouns: acts as an
malaki. He paid a heavy fine. emphatic marker. Bukas na. Let
multó n. ghost it be tomorrow. Si Maria na. Let
múmo’ n. particles of cooked rice it be Maria’s turn. 3 after verbs:
falling off the dish during the meal if in the past tense form, denotes
múmog – magmumog, mumúgin, completion of action expressible
imumog (mag-:-in, i-) v. to gargle. in the past or present perfect in
Magmumog ka ng mainit na tubig. English. Nagsipilyo na siya. He has
Gargle hot water. already brushed (his teeth). 4 if in
múna adv. just a minute, before the infinitive form or future form,
anything else, for a while, first, denotes now, right away, immedi-
before-hand. Mag-awitan muna ately, soon. Magsipilyo ka na. Brush
tayo bago... Let’s sing a song first (your teeth) now. Papasok na ako.
(before)... I’m going to school now. 5 If after
mundó n. world the verb roots, denotes completed
munisípyo n. municipal building, action. Bukas na. It’s already open.
townhall Tapos na. It’s already finished.
muntí’ adj. small, little, diminutive na lig. connects modifier and word
mungkáhi’ – magmungkahi’, modified, takes the form -ng when
imungkahi’ (mag-:-i-) v. to the word it follows ends in a vowel
suggest. Imungkahi mo na ang sound. Mabait na bata or Batang
napagkayarian natin. Suggest what mabait. Good child.
we have agreed upon. na part. with sa/kay, marks nouns
munggó n. mongo beans indicating position, location, posses-
múra n. curse, scolding approach • sion of something; -ng when the word
magmurá, muráhin (mag-:-in) v. it follows ends in a vowel sound
to scold, to curse. Minura niya ang naka- af. an adjective prefix mean-
kaniyang mga katulong. He scolded ing state, position, or appearance
his helpers (servants). nákaw – magnakaw (mag-:-in) v.
múra’ adj. immature, unripe to steal, to pilfer. Nagnakaw siya ng
múra adj. cheap, inexpensive maraming salapi. He stole a lot of
músa Sp n. muse [syn. paral´ uman, money.
diwat´a’, lakamb´ini, réyna ] nakú! intj. oh, my!, an interjection
muskitéro Sp n. mosquito net [syn. derived from Nanay ko or Ina ko, my
kulamb´o’ ] mother!
músiko n. musician nágwas n. half-slip [var. hap slip]
musmós n. innocent, as a child, im- náis – naísin (-in) v. to desire,
mature, as of mind to wish [syn. gust´ o]. Na´isin man
mustása n. mustard niyang sumama ay puno na ang
múta’ n. gummy secretion in the sasakyan. Even though he wanted to
eyes come along, the vehicle was already
namán 68 ninyó
full. diyan) [var. n´andiyan ]
namán part. response marker, also, nároon adv. it’s there, yonder (fr.
too, rather, again, on the other hand na + doon) [var. n´andoon ]
usually emphasizing the fact or the nárs n. nurse
feeling involved in the expression; nárses – pagnarses (pag-) n. nurs-
expresses transition to another ing (as a career or profession)
subject hence also mild contrast. nása part. particle marking nouns
Habang si Juana ay nagluluto si indicating position or location of
Juan naman ay naglilinis ng bahay. something
While Juana is cooking, Juan cleans nása’ n. wish, want, desire [syn.
the house. Ano ka ba namang n´ais ]
tao? What sort of person are you, násaan int. where
anyway? • adv. also, too • intj. Nasyonalísta n. Nacionalista Party
expression of gentle protest or denial (the political rival of the Liberal
námin pron. we, our (exclusive, not Party)
including the person spoken to) nátin pron. our (inclusive)
nána’ n. pus Negríto Sp n. dwarf Negro of the
nánay n. mother (term of address Philippine mountains [syn. ´ita, ayta,
´
and reference) [syn. in´ ay ] agta,
´ uga’ ]
bal´
nándito adv. it is here, here [var. Negro Sp n. Negro man • adj. black
n´arito] [syn. it´im, mait´im ]
nándiyan adv. it is there, there [var. néne’ n. appellation for a small girl
n´ariyan] nérbiyos n. nerves
nándoon adv. it is over there, over ni part. singular non-focus marker
there, over in that place [var. n´
aroon ] of proper nouns or names • mkr.
nang conj. 1 when (past reference). a proper noun (name) marker,
Nag-aaral kami nang dumating siya. used before the actor of goal-focused
We were studying when he arrived. 2 sentences. Binili ni Luisa ang damit.
so that (in order that), usually with The dress was bought by Luisa. •
at. Mag-aral ka at nang makapasa part. possessive marker. Iyan ang
ka. You study so that you will pass bahay ni Luisa. That is Luisa’s
(your courses). • adv. 1 when, in or- house.
der to, particle added to an adjective nikeládo Sp adj. nickel-plated
to make an adverb of it. Tumakbo nilá pron. 1 they, their, third person
siya nang matulin. He ran swiftly. 2 plural number, non-focused pronoun
used between repeated verbs to in- 2 shows possession. Bahay nila.
dicate intensity or continuity of the Their house. 3 acts as non-focused
action. Tumakbo siya nang tumakbo. sentences. Kinuha nila ang libro.
He kept on running. They got the book.
-náog – manaog (ma-) v. to go nímpa Sp n. nymph
down, to descend niná mkr. plural form of ni, the
nápaka- af. an adjective prefix proper noun (name) marker
means ”very” nínang n. godmother (term of ad-
nára n. narra dress and reference)
naranghíta n. native orange [var. níno pron. whose, post positive form
dalangh´ita, daland´an ] of kaníno. Kaninong bahay – bahay
nárito adv. it’s here (fr. na + dito) nino. Whose house.
[var. n´andito] nínong n. godfather (term of
náriyan adv. it’s there (fr. na + address and reference)
níngas 69 ngayón
ninyó pron. you, your (plural), used
in the singular sense, it indicates a Ng
formal or polite form
níngas n. flame [var. d´ingas ] ng mkr. non-focus marking particle
ningníng – maningning (ma-) adj. of actor or goal complements or
shining, brilliant noun phrases. Kinain ng bata ang
nípa n. cabo-negro (palm) kendi. The child ate the candy. •
nipís – manipis (ma-) adj. thin part. possessive marker, common
nirí dem. of this [var. nit´
o] noun marker which marks a posses-
nisnís adj. unravelled sive construction. Direktor ng sine.
nitó dem. of this Director of the movie
ganito (ga-) like this, (ganitó) -ng lig. variant of na
in this manner of way [var. niré, ngá’ adv. affirmative adverb ”in-
ganiré ] deed”. Siya nga ang duwag. He is
niyá pron. he, she, his, her, hers indeed the coward.
niyán dem. of that • nga’ part. emphatic particle, ex-
ganiyan (ga-) dem. like that, in pressing confirmation, truly, really,
that manner of way (ganiyan) [var. certainly, request particle meaning
gany´ an ] ”please”, so, therefore, really. Oo,
niyóg Mal n. coconut palm tree and nga. Yes, indeed. Ikaw nga ang
fruit maysabi. You, yourself said so. Ituro
niyón dem. that over there, yonder, nga ninyo (polite request). Please
its [var. no´on ] show me the way...
nobéla n. novel ngálan n. name (from pangálan)
Nobyémbre n. November ngalangalá n. palate
nóbyo/a n. fiance, sweetheart, ngánga’ n. a mixture of buyo for
betrothed (masculine/ feminine) chewing •
noó n. forehead, brow ngumanga’, ngangáin (-um-:-in)
noód – manood (ma-) v. to watch, v. to chew buyo. Ngumanganga
to view. Nanood kami ng sine kagabi. ba ang lola mo? Does your grand-
We watched a movie last night. mother chew beetle nut?
noón dem. of that, yonder ngangá – ngumanga (-um-) v. to
ganoon (ga-) like that yonder, in open one’s mouth. Ngumanga si
that manner or way Cres para sa dentista. Cres opened
noón adv. then, at that time her mouth for the dentist.
normál adj. normal ngatngát – ngumatngat, ngat-
número Sp n. number ngatín (-um-:-in) v. to nibble,
nunál n. mole (skin) to gnaw. Nginatngat ng daga ang
núno’ n. grandparents (term of ref- mga damit. The rat chewed on the
erence) [var. nin´ uno’ ] dresses.
núnsiyo n. papal nuncio ngáwit n. numbness • adj. tired,
nuwébe Sp num. nine exhausted, numb •
mangawit (mang-) v. to become
numb from exhaustion. Nangawit
siya sa kasusulat. His hand felt tired
and cramped from writing.
ngayón adv. now, just now, today.
Siya ay nasa Maynila ngayon. He is
in Manila today. ngayong araw... on
ngíki 70 pa
this very day... one, something). Inoperahan ang
ngíki n. chills, malaria • pasyente. The patient was operated
mangíki, ngikíin (mang-:-in) v. to on.
chill, to have the chills. Nginiki si operasyón Sp n. surgical operation,
Cristina sa lamig. Cristina chilled state of being operative
from the cold. opisína n. office
ngiló – mangilo (mang-) v. to have ópo’ part. yes (polite form); just like
tooth-edge pain. Nangilo ang aking po’ and ho’, the more colloquial or
ngipin. My teeth felt an edge-like a little less formal form of opo’ (al-
pain. though certainly not a less respectful
ngípin n. tooth form) is óho’
ngití’ n. smile • oportunidád Sp n. opportunity
ngumiti’ (-um-) v. to smile. Ngu- óptiko Sp n. optician
miti siya nang palihim. He smiled ópyo Sp n. opium
surreptitiously. óras n. hour, time
ngiwí’ adj. distorted, twisted, orasán n. clock
crooked (face) orasyón n. angelus
ngiyáw n. cry of cat or kitten órbita n. orbit
ngóngo’ adj. speaking with a nasal orkéstra Sp n. orchestra
twang, nasal defect órkid n. orchid
ngúni’t conj. but [syn. datapw´ a’t, órder n. an order, a serving (of food)
péro]. Nguni’t sumagot siya kaagad. [var. ´orden ]
But he answered at once. ordináryo adj. ordinary, usual,
ngúso’ n. upper lip common
nguyá’ – ngumuya’, nguyaín orégano Sp n. aromatic green herb
(-um-:-in) v. to chew, to masticate. cultivated for spice and medicine
Ngumuya siya ng babol gam. He órends adj. orange (color)
chewed bubble gum. organdí Sp n. organdy (kind of
cloth)
organisasyón Sp n. organization
O organísmo n. organism
órgano Sp n. pipe organ
o conj. alternate marker, or. o, siya an expression meaning ”okay,
Matanda ba siya o bata? Is he old all right, well, etc”
or young? • part. used either as óso Sp n. bear
a sentence opener or closer which ospitál n. hospital [syn. pagam´ utan ]
means ”now, see, please, ok” otél n. hotel
obíspo n. bishop ótmil n. oatmeal
obligádo adj. obliged, forced ótso Sp num. eight
ókra n. okra
Oktúbre n. October
okupádo Sp adj. occupied, busy
P
[var. ukup´
ado]
oditóryum n. auditorium pa af. affix for verbs meaning ”to
oháles Sp n. buttonhole [var. uh´
ales ] cause, get or allow someone to do
ónse num. eleven what the root word indicate”
óo n. yes, affirmative response pa adv. more, yet, still (expresses the
operá – mag-opera, operahán immaturity or continuance of a sit-
(mag-:-an) v. to operate on (some- uation and stands in contrast with
paá 71 pagóng
na). Mabuti pa. Better yet. Basa pa pakundángan n. reverence, respect
ang damit. The clothes are still wet. (specially for age, holy things, tradi-
paá n. foot tions, honor, and the like)
paagúsan n. drain pakwán n. watermelon
paálam intj. farewell (from alám) • pakyáw Ch n. wholesale buying •
magpaalam (mag-) v. to bid good- mamákyaw, pakyawín (mang-
bye. Magpaalam ka sa iyong ina. Say :-in) v. to buy by wholesale, to
goodbye to your mother. buy something by wholesale. Ma-
paáno int. how mamakyaw siya sa Divisoria. He’s
páaralan n. school (from áral) [syn. going to buy by wholesale at Diviso-
eskuwelah´an ] ria (market).. Pakyawin mong lahat
pabagsák n. bribery, tip (from ang tinda niya. Buy all his goods.
bagsák) • adv. suddenly dropping pad n. ruled paper
something resoundingly padér n. wall, brick or stone wall
pabalát n. cover padpád – mapadpad (ma-) v.
pabangó n. perfume, lotion, cologne to be shipwrecked, to be driven
pabáon n. provision (of money, or carried (by a storm or tide).
food or supplies) allowed or given to Napadpad ng bagyo ang bangka sa
someone making a trip Mariveles. The boat was driven by
pabigát n. weights the storm to Mariveles.
pabayá’ adj. careless, negligent pádre n. a borrowing from Spanish
pábo n. turkey which means ”father”, used as an ap-
pabór Sp n. favor pellation for a priest
paboríto/a adj. favorite (mascu- padríno Sp n. male sponsor [syn.
line/ feminine) n´inong (colloq.)]
pábrika Sp n. factory padyák – pumadyak (-um-) v.
pábula Sp n. fable to stamp the feet. Pumadyak siya
pakéte n. package, parcel sa inis. He stamped his feet in
pakí- af. a verbal prefix which in- irritation.
dicates a request. Paki-abot. Please padyáma n. pajamas
hand over. Please get. pag conj. particle which means ”on,
pakíling n. leaves used for scrubbing if, when”. Pag ako ay pagod... When
wooden floors and walls I get tired...
pakimkím n. a sum of money given pag-aári’ n. property (from ári’)
by a sponsor in baptism, confirma- pagbabágo n. change ( from bágo)
tion or wedding, to the person being pagkáin n. food
sponsored (from kimkím) pagkaraán adv. after, after passing
pakinábang n. profit, benefit, Holy pagkatáo n. upbringing
Communion pagkatápos adv. afterwards
pakipkíp n. gift given by a ninong pagkít n. paste
or ninang, specially in baptisms and pagdáka conj. immediately, quickly
confirmations (from kipkíp) [var. pagkar´ aka ]. Pagdak´
ay tinan-
páko’ n. nail ganan niya ang... He quickly seized
pakó’ n. fern the...
pakpák n. wing págod n. tiredness, exhaustion •
paksá’ n. topic, subject matter pagód adj. tired, exhausted
paktoriyá Sp n. baggage-master’s mapagod (ma-) v. to become tired.
office (railway), factory Dahan-dahan at baka ka mapagod.
pakulútan n. beauty parlor Go slowly or you might get tired.
pagsasánay 72 pálo’
pagóng n. turtle palagáy n. opinion, idea
pagsasánay n. practice palági’ adv. always, often [var. l´agi’ ]
páha n. girdle or corset palaisdáan n. fish pond
páhayagan n. newspaper palálo’ adj. proud, boastful, high-
páhid – magpahid, ipahid, hat, snobbish
pahíran (mag-:i-:-an) v. to wipe palanggána n. basin
off, to apply on. Ipahid mo ang palantsáhan n. ironing-board
panyo sa mukha mo. Wipe your face palapág n. floor or story of a build-
with the handkerchief. ing
páhina Sp n. page palará’ n. tinsel, foil
pahingá – magpahinga (mag-) v. palaró’ n. the games planned for an
to rest, to take a break. Magpahinga occasion
ka muna. You rest first. palaruán n. playground
pahintúlot n. permission palasó’ n. arrow
páin n. bait palaspás n. fancily woven palm
painitán n. fireplace leaves blessed on Palm Sunday
paít – mapait (ma-) adj. bitter palásyo n. palace
pála n. shovel, spade pálay n. unhusked rice, rice plant
palá part. so, as in Ikaw pala, mean- paláyaw n. nickname
ing, it is you; an exclamation of sur- palayók n. pot (earthen)
prise pálda n. skirt
palá part. when used after hindi, ex- paléngke n. marketplace
presses contrast with one’s expecta- palíban n. postponement (from
tion, a reversal. Ang isip ko’y balat líban)
lamang ng itlog ito, hindi pala, kundi palibhása’ conj. expresses what fol-
itlog na buo. I thought this was only lows is stated as a reason (parallel
an eggshell, but no, it was a whole to halimbáwa’) [var. palib´
asa’ ]. Pal-
egg. ibhasa’y gawa rin. The reason being
palabá – magpalaba (mag-) v. to that they did it...
have clothes washed, to have some- palíbot n. surroundings, environ-
one wash one’s clothes. Nagpalaba ment (from líbot)
siya ng damit sa labandera. She had palikéro adj. flirtatious (male)
the clothes washed by the laundry palikpík n. fin of fish
woman. paligsáhan n. contest, competition
palabás n. show, film (from ligsá)
palaká’ n. frog, toad palipáran n. airport
palákad n. policy, current practice palít – magpalit, palitán, ipalit
palakól n. axe, hatchet (mag-:-an, i-) v. to change, to re-
palakpák n. applause, sound of ap- place, to exchange, to cash a check.
plause • Palitan mo ang kurtina. Change the
pumalakpak (-um-) v. to applaud curtain.
magpalakpak, palakpakán (mag- palitáda n. pavement
:-an) v. to applaud together simulta- palitáw n. rice cake made of gluti-
neously. Palakpakan natin ang mga nous rice, sugar, and coconut grat-
kandidata. Let’s applaud the candi- ings
dates. palíto Sp n. toothpick
pálad n. palm of the hand pálo’ – magpalo’, palúin (mag-:-
palág n. wiggling, squirming, jerking in) v. to spank, to whip. Nakita ko
of feet siyang nagpalo ng mga bata. I saw
pálong 73 panyó’
him spank the children. pandák adj. short of stature
pálong n. cock’s comb pandánggo Sp n. fandango dance
palós n. eel, large Bengal swamp eel pandáy n. blacksmith
[syn. ´igat ] pandilíg n. watering can
palsó Sp adj. spurious, counterfeit pandisál Sp n. bread, a kind of
paltík n. crudely made native gun french bread
paltós n. blister panhík – pumanhik (-um-) v. to go
palupálo’ n. wooden paddle for upstairs, to come up the house
beating laundry [var. palo-p´alo’ ] magpanhik, ipanhik (mag-:i-) v.
palyók n. cooking pot [var. palay´ ok ] to take upstairs. Ipanhik mo ang mga
pamagát n. title of written work labada. Carry the washed clothes up-
pamahíran n. door-mat stairs.
pamána n. inheritance, heritage panibughó’ n. jealousy
pamangkín n. nephew, niece (term paníki’ n. bat
of reference) pánig n. panel, side, party, page,
pamburá n. eraser section
pamilíhan n. market [syn. paléngke ] panípit n. tongs
pamílya n. family panís adj. stale and spoiled, refer-
pamintá n. black pepper, pepper ring especially to food
paminggálan n. cupboard, pantry pánitikan n. literature
pamútas n. perforator, hole borer paniwála’ n. belief
(from pang + bútas) [var. pamb´ utas ] panoód – mapanood (m-:-in) v. to
pamútat n. ”hors d’oeuvres”, side go and see. Nanood si Belen ng sine
dish (fr. pang + pútat) kagabi. Belen went to a movie last
pána’ n. bow and arrow night.
panadéro Sp n. baker panót adj. bald
panadérya n. bakery panráya n. ruler
panaghóy n. lamentation (fr. pang pansamantalá adj. temporary, ten-
+ taghóy) tative, acting
panagínip n. dream pansín – pumansin, pansinín
panahón n. time, season, weather (-um-:-in) v. to give attention
panalángin n. prayer (from to, to take notice. Huwag mong
dalángin) pansinin ang biro niya. Don’t pay
panálo – manalo (m-) v. to win. any attention to his jokes.
Nanalo siya sa sabong. He won in pansít n. long rice, noodles
cockfighting. pansitérya n. Chinese restaurant
panambíl n. sun-blind pantál n. welt
panandá’ n. sign pantalán n. dock
panáog – manaog (m-) v. to go pantalón n. pants, trousers
down. Nanaog siya sa matarik na pantáy adj. level, of the same length
hagdanan. He went down a steep or height, even
stairway. pánti n. panty
panáta n. vow, usually religious pantóg n. bladder
panátag adj. tranquil, peaceful pantuktók n. knocker
(tatág) pantúlog n. nightdress
panátiko Sp adj. fanatic pánty Eng n. panties
panaúhin n. visitor, guest panúkat n. tape measure
panáy adj. all, each and everyone panutsá n. crude sugar
(of a group) panyó’ n. handkerchief [var. pa-
panyuélo 74 pariyán
nyol´ito] noun phrase marker, with kay/kina
panyuélo Sp n. shawl, shoulder ker- used before proper nouns (names)
chief pára! Sp intj. stop! •
pangá n. jaw paráhin (-in) v. to stop (a vehicle).
pangáko’ n. promise Parahin mo ang bus. Stop the bus.
pangahás adj. daring, bold, in- ipara (i-) v. to cause a vehicle to
trepid stop. Ipara mo ang kotse. (You) stop
pang-áhit n. razor, shaver the car.
pangálan n. name paráda Sp n. parade •
pangambá n. fear, suspicion pumarada (-um-) v. to stop.
pangánay n. eldest in the family Pumarada ang kotse. The car
(term of reference) stopped.
pangánib n. danger iparada (i-) v. to stop (a vehicle),
pangárap n. daydream, ambition to park. Iparada mo ang kotse sa
pangát n. fish cooked in water and tabi ng daan. Park the car on the
salt side of the road.
pangkát n. group, party paraíso Sp n. paradise
pangkó’ adj. carried in one’s arms paralisís Sp n. paralysis
pangkuín (-in) v. to carry in one’s paralítiko Sp n/adj. paralytic per-
arms. Pangkuin mo ang hinimatay son
na babae. Carry the woman who paralúman n. muse
fainted. párang n. meadow, prairie • conj.
pangkuskós n. scrubbing brush as if
pángil n. tusk, fang parasítiko Sp adj. parasitic
panginoón n. master, lord párasyut n. parachute
pángit adj. ugly, not good parátang n. accusation
pangláw – mapanglaw adj. paráti adv. always, all the time,
gloomy again and again, perennial, often.
pangúlo n. leader, president Ako’y parating nahahabol. I’m often
pangunáhin adj. leading, first, fore- pursued.
most páre’ n. priest [var. p´ari’ ]
panggupít n. shears páre appellation for a male friend,
paós adj. raucous, hoarse (voice) derived from kumpare or kumpadre,
Pápa n. Pope the feminine form is mare from ku-
pápag n. bamboo bed, wooden mare; sometimes used to address a
couch man whose name one does not know
papáya n. papaya parého adj. equal, similar, alike,
papél n. paper identical
papél-de-líha n. sandpaper (líha) páres adj. even, paired, similar,
pára adv. like that of, in the manner equal to, like
of parílya Sp n. broiler, toaster, grate
pára conj. so that, in order to • of furnace
prep. for, to, till. Menos singko para páris Sp n. pair •
alas tres. Five minutes before three kaparis (ka-) adj. (one) of a pair,
o’clock. equal, similar, identical
pára part. non-focus benefactive paríto – pumarito (-um-) v. to
phrase marker. Para sa iyo ang come here [var. pumar´ine ]. Pumarito
regalo. The gift is for you. ka bukas. You come here tomorrow.
pára mkr. for, with sa benefactive pariyán – pumariyan (-um-) v. to
parmaseútiko/a 75 patabá’
go there. Pumariyan ang bola. The Paskó n. Christmas
ball went there. páses Sp n. pass, permit
parmaseútiko/a Sp n. pharmacist pasílyo Sp n. corridor, aisle, hall
[var. parmasiy´
otiko] pasimáno n. window still [var.
parmásya n. pharmacy pasam´ ano]
parokyáno Sp n. parishioner, cus- pasimulá’ n. beginning
tomer, client pasiyám n. nine-day novena after
paról n. lantern the burial
paróla n. lighthouse pasiyénte n. patient
paroón – pumaroon (-um-) v. to go pasmá Sp n. spasm
there, yonder. Pumaroon ka sa tabi pasmádo Sp adj. suffering from
niya. Go yonder by her side. spasm
párte n. part páso’ – mapasó’ (ma-) v. to get
partído Sp n. political party [syn. burned. Napaso si Juan ng kumuku-
lap´ian ] long tubig. John got scalded by the
partísyon n. divider boiling water.
paruparó n. butterfly mangpaso’, pasúin (mang-:-in) v.
parúsa n. punishment to scald or burn
pasá’ n. contusion pasó’ n. flower pot
pasá – pumasá (-um-) v. to pass an pások – pumasok, pasúkin (-
academic course, an examination, um-:-in) v. to go to work, to go
an interview or the like. Pumasa si to school, to enter. Pumasok ka sa
Linda sa eksamen. Linda passed the kuwarto ng ate mo. Enter your elder
exam. sister’s room.
magpása, ipása (mag-:i-) v. to magpasok, ipasok (mag-: i-) v.
pass on. Ipasa mo kay Dan ang bola. to enter, to go inside, to insert, to
Pass on the ball to Dan. deposit (money). Ipasok mo ang
pásak n. electric plug [var. plag ] mga plinantsa sa silid. Put the
pasákan n. electric outlet things you ironed into the room.
pasádo adj. past, passed pásta n. filling (of tooth)
pasadór Sp n. sanitary napkin (used pastól – magpastol, pastulín,
by women) ipastol (mag-:-in, i-) v. to herd an-
pasáhe Sp n. passage, journey, fare imals. Ipastol mo ang mga kalabaw.
pasahéro Sp n. passenger Herd the carabaos.
pasalúbong n. a present (usually pastór n. pastor, minister
given by one arriving from a trip) pasyál – magpasyal (mag-) v. to
pasamáno n. window-ledge go out for a walk, to stroll, to visit.
pasán – pumasan (-um-) v. to ride Magpasyal tayo sa Rizal Park. Let’s
on one’s back go to Rizal Park for an outing.
magpasan, pasanín (mag-:-in) v. ipasyal (i-) v. to take a walk.
to carry on one’s back or shoulders. Ipasyal mo ang mga bata sa Linggo.
Pasanin mo ang isang sakong bigas. Take the children out for diversion
Carry the sack of rice on your shoul- this Sunday.
der. pasyénsiya Sp n. patience [var.
pasapórte Sp n. passport [var. pasénsya ]
p´
asport ] pasyénte Sp n. patient
pasaríng n. innuendo pasyón Sp n. the life of Christ in
pásas Sp n. raisin vernacular verse
Pasasalámat n. Thanksgiving páta n. knuckles, feet (pork)
paták 76 pelikulá
patabá’ n. fertilizer sa iyong ulo. Lay the handkerchief
paták n. drop of liquid on your head.
patakarán n. by-laws, basic or guid- patpát n. piece of split bamboo
ing principles patrón Sp n. patron saint
pátag – kapatágan (ka-an) n. patúbig n. irrigation
plain, lowland adj. smooth, level, patúngo adj. in the direction of, to-
even wards
patáni’ n. lima beans, kidney beans patútot n. prostitute
pátas adj. equal of the same level pátyo n. churchyard
patátas n. potatoes paumanhín n. an apology, forgive-
patáwad n. forgiveness • ness or toleration of a fault commit-
patawádin (-in) v. to forgive (some- ted
one, something) paunáwa’ n. notice, warning
patáy adj. dead, not working, turn paús adj. hoarse [var. pa´os ]
off • pawíkan n. tortoise
pumatay, patayín (-um-:-in) v. to páwid n. nipa palm (the leaves of
kill, to turn off. Pumatay si Doming which are used for thatching roof)
ng tao. Doming killed a man. páwis n. perspiration, sweat •
mapatay (ma-) v. to get killed pawísan (-an) v. to persire, to
magpatay (mag-) v. to slaughter. sweat. Magtatakbo ka para ka paw-
Nagpatay sila ng tatlong baboy nang isan. Do some running so you may
ikasal si Luisa. When Luisa got mar- perspire.
ried, they slaughtered three pigs. páyag – pumayag (-um-) v. to
patáy-gútom adj. extremely agree, to conform. Pumayag ang
hungry, tramp, destiture mga manggagawa sa bagong kon-
patí Ch adv. also, including trata. The workers agreed on the
patíd – magpatid, mangpatid, new contract.
patírin (mag-, mang-:-in) v. to payápa’ – mapayapa’ (ma-) adj.
cut off. Pinatid niya ang lubid para peaceful, calm, tranquil
pakawalan ang baboy. He cut off the payáso n. clown
rope to set free the pig. payát adj. thin, slim, lean, skinny
pátid n. tripping another’s foot • páyo n. advice, counsel •
patírin (-in) v. to trip (someone). magpayo (mag-) v. to give advice
Huwag mo siyang patirin. Don’t trip or counsel. Nagpayo ang guro sa
him. bagong estudyante. The teacher
patílya Sp n. side-whisker, side- counselled the new student.
burns páyong n. umbrella
patíng n. shark paypáy n. fan [var. pamayp´ ay ] •
patís n. fish sauce, native salty sauce magpaypay, ipaypay, paypayán
patiwar ík adv. upside down (mag-:i-,-an) v. to fan, to wave as
(tiwarík) to produce wind. Nagpapaypay ang
patláng Ch n. space between, inter- babae dahil sa init. The woman is
val fanning (herself) because of the heat.
patnúgot n. director, head of office paypáy n. shoulder (Boston butt)
páto n. duck [syn. it´ik ] Pebréro n. February
patóla n. sponge gourd pékas Sp n. freckles
pátong – magpatong, ipatong péklat n. scar
(mag-:i-) v. to put on top, to put pedál Sp n. pedal, treadle
over, to lay. Ipatong mo ang panyo pelikulá Sp n. photo-film, movie-
pelígro 77 pilípit
film myself.
pel ígro Sp n. danger [var. pil´igro] piglás n. effort to be free from hold
pelúka Sp n. wig pigsá n. boil, tumor
peniténsiya Sp n. penitence píhit – pumihit (-um-) v. to turn
pénoy n. hard-boiled duck’s egg around
pensiyón Sp n. pension, allowance magpihit, pihítin, ipihit (mag-:-
of expense money in, i-) v. to wind, to turn a crank
péra n. money or a shaft. Pihitin mo ang manibela
péras n. pear sa kaliwa. Turn the steering wheel to
perhuwísyo Sp n. injury, damage, the left.
harm pího adj. sure, certain
periskópyo n. periscope píla n. flashlight battery
pérlas n. pearls píla n. line, queue •
péro conj. but, however pumila (-um-) v. to fall in line.
personál adj. personal Pumipila muna ang mga sundalo
peryódiko Sp n. newspaper, bago magmartsa. The soldiers fall in
journal, periodical line first before marching.
pésa’ n. boiled fish spiced with pep- magpila, ipila (mag-:i-) v. to align
per, garlic, onion, ginger píla n. queue [syn. h´anay, hiléra ]
péste Sp n. pest, plague, epidemic pílak n. silver, money
pétsa n. date (of the calendar) pilápil n. dike
pétsay n. Chinese cabbage (pechay) pílas n. rend, rip • adj. rend, ripped
pikí’ adj. knock-kneed (pilás)
pikít adj. closed (refering to eyes) pílay n. lameness, sprain • adj.
píknik Eng magpiknik (mag-) v. to lame
go on a picnic. Magpipiknik tayo sa mapilay (ma-) v. to become lame.
Linggo. We will go on a picnic on Napilay siya nang siya’y madulas.
Sunday. He became lame when he slipped.
píko n. pick pílduras Sp n. pill, pellet, medicine
pikó’ n. children’s game of hop- pill
scotch piléges n. pleats, fold, plait
pikón adj. easily angered by jokes or píli’ – pumili’ (-um-) v. to choose
jests, touchy mangpili’, pilíin (mang-:-in) v.
píkot Ch makapikot, mapikot to select, to pick out (something).
(maka-, ma-) v. to be forced into Pinili ng mamimili ang pinakasari-
marriage. Napikot siya ng isang wang isda. The buyer picked out the
bailarina. He was forced to marry a freshest fish.
taxi-dancer. píli’ n. pili nuts
pigá’ – magpiga’, pigáin (mag-:- pilíkmata n. eyelash
in) v. to squeeze, to wring. Huwag piligróso adj. dangerous
mong pigain ang kamatis. Don’t píling n. side of
squeeze the tomato. pilíng n. bunch, cluster of fruits (ba-
pigí’ n. hips, rump nanas)
pighatí’ n. anguish, affiction Pilipínas n. Philippines
pígil – pigílin (-in) v. to detain, to Pilipíno/a n. Filipino (mascu-
hold in hand, to prevent, to stop line/feminine)
magpigil (mag) v. to control, to pilípit – pumilipit (-um-) v. to
hold back. Nagpipigil lang ako ng twist
aking sarili. I’m just controlling magpilipit, pilipítin, ip-
pílit 78 pistóla
ilipit (mag-:-in:i-) v. to coil, pípa n. pipe
to twist (something). Pinipilipit pípi adj. dumb, mute
ng mangingisda ang lubid. The pipíno n. cucumber
fisherman is coiling the rope. pipít Mal n. native sparrow
pílit – mapilit (ma-) adj. forced, piranggót n. a very small piece
against one’s will, insistent • piráso n. a piece •
magpilit, pilítin (mag-:-in) v. to pumiraso (-um-) v. to break a
insist, to strive, to force. Pinilit ng piece from. Pumiraso ka sa tinapay
inang kumain ang bata. The mother ko. Break a piece off from my bread.
forced the child to eat. magpiraso, pirasúhin (mag-:-in)
pílyo/a adj. naughty, rascal, v. to break into pieces. Pirasuhin
mischievous (masculine/ feminine) mo ang tinapay. Cut the bread into
pin n. brooch small pieces.
pinaká pref. an affix to adjectives piríng n. blindfold
expressing superlative degree (of the piríto – magprito, pritúhin,
quality) iprito (mag-:-in,i-) v. to fry [var.
pindót – pumindot, pindut ín pr´ito]. Prituhin mo ang bangus. Fry
(-um-:-in) v. to squeeze or crush the milkfish. Magprito tayo ng isda.
with the fingers. Pinindot niya ang Let’s fry a fish.
mangga kaya nalamog. She squeezed pirmá n. signature •
the mango that’s why it became pumirma, pirmahán (-um-:-an)
soft. v. to affix one’s signature. Pumirma
piníd adj. closed • si Amalia sa aking otograp. Amalia
magpinid (mag-) v. to close, to signed my autograph book. Pirma-
shut han mo ang aking report card. Sign
ipínid (i-) v. to close (door). Ipinid my report card.
mo ang pinto. Close the door. pisá’ – pumisa’, magpisa’, pisáin
pinípig n. rice stamped flat (-um-, mag-:-in) v. to crush, to
píno adj. smooth, fine compress, to hatch. Pinisa ng bata
pinsála’ n. damage, injury ang mga itlog. The child crushed the
pínsan n. cousin (term of reference) eggs.
pintá – magpinta, pintahán, ip- pisák adj. blind of one eye
inta (mag-:-an, i-) v. to paint, to pisára n. blackboard, chalkboard
have (something) painted. Magpinta piskadór n. kingfisher
tayo ng ating kuwarto. Let’s paint piséta Sp n. a twenty-centavo piece
our room. or coin, twenty centavos
pintakási n. celebration of cock- písi’ n. string, thread
fighting pisíl n. squeezing with the hand •
pintás – mamintas (mang-) v. to pisilín (-in) v. to squeeze. Pinisil
find fault. Huwag kang mamintas ng niya ang bata. He squeezed the
kapuwa. Don’t find fault with your child.
fellowmen. pisngí’ n. cheeks
pintó’ n. door, (pintúan) doorway píso Mex n. peso, one peso (one hun-
pintór n. painter (artist) dred centavos)
pintúra n. paint pisón Sp n. steam-roller
pinyá n. pineapple pispís n. remnants of what is eaten,
pinggá n. pole for carrying weight specially fish bones (usually given as
across the shoulder cat feed)
pinggán n. plate, dish pistá n. fiesta, feast day
pitáka 79 príto
pistóla n. pistol (see also rebolber) clothes for a living (masculine/
pitáka Sp n. wallet, purse, billfold feminine)
pitás – pumitas (-um-) v. to pick plása n. plaza, the town park
mamitas, pitasín (mang-:-in) v. platapórma Sp n. platform
to pick off (something) from a stem. platería Sp n. silversmith, gold-
Pitasin mo ang mga rosas. Pick the smith [var. plateriy´ a]
roses. platéro Sp n. silversmith, goldsmith
pitík – pumitik (-um-) v. to snap platíto n. saucer
one’s fingers, to topple or push with pláto n. plate
a flip of the fingers pléma Sp n. phlegm
mamitik, pitikín (mang-:-in) v. to ploréra n. flower vase
flick. Pinitik ni Lito ang tenga ni plor waks n. floor wax
Boyet. Lito flicked Boyet’s ear. plúma n. fountain pen
pitís adj. tight-fitting (of clothes, po’ part. a form that indicates re-
dresses) spect or politeness, sir/ma’am. Opo’.
pitisyón Sp n. petition (oo + po) Yes, sir.
píto n. whistle • póbre adj. poor
pumito (-um-) v. to whistle. pólbo n. powder [var. pulb´ os ]
Pumipito si Tonio habang naglalakad polís Eng n. police [var. pul´is ]
sa dilim. Tony is whistling while pólo n. polo shirt, sport shirt
walking in the dark. pólo baróng n. native-styled polo
pitó num. seven shirt
pitpít adj. flattened by pounding pomáda n. pomade
pítsa Sp n. chips (in checkers) populár adj. popular
pitsél n. jug, pitcher (water) pormál adj. formal, serious
pitsó Sp n. breast of fowl or animal portéro n. doorkeeper
pitsón Sp n. young pigeon, spring pósas n. handcuffs
chicken póso Sp n. a dug-out, well (of water)
piyanísta n. pianist poso-négro Sp n. septic tank
piyáno n. piano pósporo n. match
piyánsa Sp n. surety, bail, bond póste n. post
piyér n. pier, harbor post ópis n. post office
piyérna n. chuck (of meat) pranéla Sp n. flannel
piyérna kórta n. round cut prángka adj. frank, open, sincere
piyón n. laborer, unskilled or semi- práyle n. friar
skilled worker, pawn (in chess) preparádo adj. prepared
pláka n. record disc, a phonograph presidénte n. president
record préso Sp n. prisoner
plaís n. pliers présyo Sp n. price
planéta n. planet prebádo adj. private
pláno n. plan primera/o Sp adj/adv. first (femi-
plánta Sp n. plant or site of a build- nine/masculine)
ing, site or installation of a project prinsipál/a n. school principal
plántsa n. flat iron • (masculine/feminine)
magplantsa (mag-) v. to iron or prísma n. prism
to press clothes. Nagplantsa si Lita príto adj. fried •
ng kanyang damit. Lita ironed her magprito, pritúhin (mag-:-in) v.
clothes. to fry [var. pir´ito]. Nagprito siya ng
plantsadór/a n. one who irons tuyo para sa almusal. She fried dried
probínsiya 80 punyál
fish for breakfast. púlong n. meeting, conference [syn.
probínsiya Sp n. province m´iting ]
probinsiyána Sp n/adj. female pulót n. honey, syrup
from the province, provincial púlot – mamulot, pulútin (mang-
probléma n. problem :-in) v. to pick up. Pulutin mo ang
prodúkto Sp n. product papel sa sahig. Pick up the paper on
prográma n. program the floor.
propagánda Sp n. propaganda, ad- pulót-gatá n. honeymoon
vertisement púlpito n. pulpit
propesór/a n. professor (mascu- pulpól adj. blunt, obtuse
line/feminine) pulséras Sp n. bracelet
propesyón n. profession pulsó n. wrist
prusisyón n. a religious procession pulúbi adj. mendicant, beggar
prútas n. fruit pulúpot – magpulupot, ipulupot
pu’ n/num. ten, tens (mag-:i-) v. to twist around or wind
púki n. vagina [var. k´iki’ ] around something. Ipulupot mo ang
pukól (-um-) lubid sa iyong bewang. Twist the
magpukol (mag-:i-:-in) v. to throw, rope around your waist.
to cast, to hurl pulútan n. appetizer taken with
puksá’ – mamuksa’, puksaín wine, etc.
(mang-:-in) v. to destroy, to ex- púnas – magpunas, punásan
terminate, to overcome. Kailangan (mag-:-an) v. to wipe, to mop, to
nating puksain ang mga ipis. We dry, with a piece of cloth or rag.
need to exterminate the cockroaches. Nagpupunas siya ng sahig tuwing
pukyútan n. bee umaga. She mops the floor every
pudpód adj. worn out, blunt morning.
púgad n. nest pundá n. pillowcase
púgo’ n. quail pundído adj. burnt out (bulb)
pugón n. oven [var. ´oben ] punerárya n. funeral home
pugót adj. decapitated, beheaded púnit n. rip, tear • adj. torn •
puhúnan n. capital in business pumunit, punítin (-um-:-in) v. to
pulá – mapula (ma-) adj. red, rosy rip, to tear. Pinunit ng estudyante
(cheeks) ang kanyang kuwaderno. The
púla’ – mamula’, puláan (mang- student ripped his notebook.
:-an) v. to give adverse criticisms. púno n. head man • n. tree trunk,
Magsiyasat ka muna bago ka ma- tree
mula. Investigate first before you punó’ adj. full, filled
criticize. punsó n. ant hill, hillock
pulbós n. powder puntá – magpunta, pumunta
pulgáda n. inch (measurement) (mag-, -um-) v. to go. Nagpunta
pulgás n. flea ako sa Pilipinas noong nakaraang
pulído adj. polished, refined, polite, tag-araw. I went to the Philippines
neat last summer.
pulís n. police, policeman púnta y pétso n. brisket (of meat)
pulitána Sp n. flush score in a game puntás Sp n. lace, lace-work
of cards called panggíngge púnto Sp n. period
pulmun ía Sp n. pneumonia [var. puntód n. mound, graveyard
pulmuniy´ a] púnung-gúro n. head teacher, prin-
puló’ n. island, isolated place cipal
punyós 81 rasyón
punyál Sp n. poniard, dagger púto n. native rice cake
punyós n. cuff putók – pumutok (-um-) v. to ex-
pupítre n. desk plode, to blast, to erupt. Pumutok
purgá Sp n. purgative • na naman ang bulkang Mayon. The
magpurga (mag-) v. to take purga- Mayon volcano erupted again.
tive pútol – pumutol, putúlin,
purgahín (-in) v. to give purgative. putúlan (-um-:-in,-an) v. to cut
Purgahin mo ang bata para gumal- something
ing. Give purgative to the child so magputól (mag-) v. to cut inten-
he gets well. sively, repeatedly
púri (-um-) mamutol (mang-) v. to cut
mamuri, puríhin (mang-:-in) v. something say wood as means of
to praise, to compliment, to flatter. livelihood or to cut habitually.
Ang mamuri ay mas magaling kaysa Namumutol si Kardo ng kahoy
mamintas. To praise is better than tuwing hapon. Kardo cuts wood
to criticize. every afternoon.
púro adj. pure, clean, chaste putséro Sp n. dish of boiled meat
puról – mapurol (ma-) adj. dull and vegetables
purtamunéda Sp n. bag, handbag puwáng n. space, interval between
púsa’ n. cat puwéde pv. can be, can, may, indi-
pusáli’ n. mire under the house cate possibility
pusít n. squid puwéra adj. not included
puslít adj. uninvited, illegal, contra- puwérsa – mamuwersa, puwer-
band (sl) sahín (mang-:-in) v. to force, to
púso’ n. heart apply force or strength. Pinuwersa
púso’ ng ságing n. banana blossom ng magnanakaw na buksan ang
púsod n. navel, umbilicus pinto. The robber forced to open
pusód n. hair-knot, coiffure that has the door.
hair-knot puwés Sp conj. therefore, then
pusón n. abdomen puwésto Sp n. place or space occu-
púspas n. dish of rice porridge pied, stall, stand (as in market)
and chicken [syn. arroz c´ aldo] [var. puwíngs n foreign body in the eye
p´
ospas ] puwít n. buttocks
pustá n. bet • puyát adj. tired or exhausted for
pumusta, ipusta (-um-:i-) v. to want to sleep
bet. Pumusta ang sugarol sa karera puyó n. cowlick
ng kabayo. The gambler bet on the
horse race.
pustíso adj. false, artificial (teeth), R
denture
pustúra adj. dressed elegantly ráket Eng n. racket (as for tennis
púta n. prostitute or badminton), illicit or fraudulent
putaktí n. wasp scheme
putí’ – maputi’ (ma-) adj. fair rádyo Eng n. radio
(complexion), white ráha n. rajah
pútik n. mud • ramí Eng n. ramie
maputik (ma-) adj. muddy rántso Sp n. ranch (usually cattle
putlá’ – maputla’ (ma-) adj. light- ranch)
colored, pale rasyón Sp n. ration
ratán 82 ruwéda
ratán n. rattan repólyo n. cabbage
ráyos Sp n. spoke (of a wheel) représko Sp n. refreshment
rayúma n. rheumatism repridyiréytor/pridyidér n.
rebélde Sp n. rebel, defaulter • adj. refrigerator
rebellious reputasyón Sp n. reputation
rebentadór Sp n. firecracker [var. resérba Sp n. something reserved
labintad´or ] for future use, spare, spare tire
rebólber Sp n. revolver reséta n. medical prescription
rebolusyón Sp n. revolution [var. resíbo Sp n. receipt
ribulusy´on ] responsáble adj. responsible
rekádo Sp n. condiments restawrán n. restaurant
rekísa Sp n. inspection by looking resúlta Sp result, loss in a trans-
into containers (boxes or pockets) action or trust.
reklámo Sp n. complaint retáso n. remnants of cloth
rekomendasyón Sp n. recommen- retratísta n. photographer
dation réyna n. queen
rektánggulo Sp n. rectangle, rect- reynds n. range
angular rikádo n. condiments
rektór Sp n. rector rigudón Sp n. rigadoon, quadrille
rekwérdo Sp n. memory, re- (dance)
membrance, keepsake, momento, ríles n. railway
souvenir rimárim – marimarim (ma-) v. to
regálo n. gift, present • feel disgust, loathing. Narimarim si
magregalo (mag-) v. to give gift. Cora sa ugali ni Mila. Cora got dis-
Nagreregalo siya sa kanyang nobya gusted at Mila’s behavior.
tuwing Pasko. He gives gift to his rímas n. breadfruit
sweetheart every Christmas. rindído adj. fatigued, tired-out,
regulár adj. regular, ordinary, mod- confused, exhausted [var. rindé,
erate rend´ido]
réhas Sp n. grating, railing, bars rípa a. a kind of lottery
relasyón Sp n. relation ríple n. rifle
relihiyón n. religion rólyo Sp n. roll, bundle (of cloth or
reló n. watch, wrist watch, clock paper)
[var. rel´
os ] románsa Sp n. romance
relohéro Sp n. watch or clock romántika/o adj. romantic (femi-
maker, clock dealer, watch dealer nine/masculine)
relós Sp n. watch, clock [var. ril´
os ] rondálya Sp n. string orchestra
relyéno n. a dish of stuffed chicken, ropéro Sp n. dirty linen basket
stuffed fish, or stuffed crab rosál n. gardenia
rematádo Sp adj. ended, finished, rosáryo Sp n. rosary
totally lost or sold (at auction or by rósas n. roses
default or by terms of commerce) rósas adj. rose, pink (color)
remédyo Sp n. remedy róskas Sp n. screw thread
rénda Sp n. reins rotónda Sp n. rotúnda
rendído Sp adj. fatigued, worn out, rubí Sp n. ruby
confused (in mind and body) [var. ruléta Sp n. roulette
rind´ido] Rúsya Sp n. Russia
repáso Sp n. review ruwéda Sp n. wheel
repinádo adj. refined
sa 83 saksák
one’s hair) by the roots. Sinabunutan
S siya ng Nanay niya. Her hair was
pulled by her Mother.
sa mkr. location or direction marker, sabungán n. cockpit
to, from, in, on, etc saká’ conj. also, in addition, and
sa part. non-focus locative phrase [var. atsak´
a’ ]
marker saká adv. after that, then. Saka pa
saán int. where? in what place? lamang. Only then, not till then.
sabá n. bananas (cooking variety) saka na adv. at another time. Saka
Sábado n. Saturday na tayo manood ng sine. Let’s go to
sabáw n. soup broth the movies another time.
sabáy – sumabay, magsabay, sakál – sakalín (-in) v. to strangle
sabayán (-um-, mag-:-an) v. to (someone)
go with, to go at the same time. mangsakal (mang-) v. to strangle.
Sumabay ka sa aming pagsisimba. Nanakal siya ng tao. He strangled a
Go to church with us at the same person.
time. sakáli’ conj. in case, if it should
sábi – magsabi, sabíhin (mag-:-in) sakáng adj. bow-legged
v. to say, to ask permission, to sakáy – sumakay (-um-) v. to ride
tell, to relate. Magsabi ka sa nanay in a vehicle, to board a vehicle, to
at nang hindi tayo pagalitan. Tell take/board a plane. Sumakay ako
mother (ask mother’s permission) sa eroplano nang pumunta ako sa
so we won’t be scolded. San Francisco. I took a plane when
sabík asj. eager, anxious I went to San Francisco.
sábit – sumabit (-um-) v. to hang, magsakay, isakay (mag-:i-) v. to
to suspend load in a vehicle
magsabit, isabit (mag-:i-) v. to sakdál adj/adv (superlative de-
hang. Isabit no ang bago mong gree). very, most, -est as sakdal
litrato sa kuwarto. Hang your new ganda, most beautiful
picture in the room. sakím adj. greedy, selfish
sábog – sumabog (-um-) v. to sakít n. sickness, physical suffering,
explode. Sumabog ang bomba. The pain •
bomb exploded. masakit (ma-) adj. painful
magsabog, isabog (mag-:i-) v. sumakit (-um-) v. to ache, to be in
to strew, to scatter, to spill. Isabog pain, to be ill. Hindi siya makapag-
mo ang mga butong ito sa hardin. trabaho kasi sumasakit ang kanyang
Scatter the seeds in the garden. ulo. He isn’t able to work because his
sabón n. soap head aches.
sábong n. cockfight • sakláp – masaklap (ma-) adj. bit-
magsabong (mag-) v. to engage ter, acrid
in cockfighting, to play or bet in saklólo – sumaklolo (-um-) to
a cockfight. Magsasabong si Anong aid, to succor, to help. Sumaklolo
sa Linggo. Anong will bet in a ang pulis sa nasaktang bata. The
cockfight this Sunday. policeman aided the injured boy.
isabong (i-) v. to bet (a gamecock) sáko n/qnt. a sack
against another sákong n. heel
sabúnot n. pulling of hair, uproot- sakristán n. altar boy
ing of hair • saksák – sumaksak, sinaksak
sabunútan (-an) v. to pull (some- (-um-:-in) v. to stab, to pierce.
saksí 84 salagúbang
Sinaksak ang isang lalaki kagabi. A seedsof white bony albumen
man was stabbed last night. sagót n. answer, response, reply •
magsaksak, isaksak (mag-:i-) v. sumagot, sagutín (-um-:-in) v. to
to stuff, to cram in clothes as in answer, to reply. Sagutin mo ang
packing tanong ko. Answer my question.
manaksak (mang-) v. to stab sagrádo adj. sacred, consecrated
saksí n. witness • sagúpa’ – sumagupa’, man-
sumaksi (-um-) v. to witness, agupa’,sagupáin (-um, mang-:-in)
to testify, to witness against. v. to encounter, to combat, to col-
Sumaksi siya laban sa nasasakdal. lide. Sinagupa nila ang mga bandido.
He witnessed against the accused. They encountered the bandits.
sakuná’ n. accident, misfortune. sagwá’ – masagwa’ (ma-) adj. not
sadsád adj. anchored, grounded in good taste
(boats) sagwán n. paddle
sadyá’ n. purpose, aim • sáha’ n. sheathing leafstalks of ba-
sumadya’ (-um-) v. to go to a place nana
with a definite intention. Sumadya sahíg n. floor
sila sa Hapuna. They went to Ha- sáhod n. salary •
puna. sumahod (-um) v. to catch the flow
magsadya’, sadyaín (mag-:-in) v. of something with a receptacle, to re-
to go to a place with definite inten- ceive a salary or wage. Sumahod ako
tion kahapon. I got/received my pay yes-
manadya’ (mang-) v. to do inten- terday.
tionally magsahod, sahúrin (mag-:-in) v.
sagábal n. obstruction • adj. full of to catch the dripping. Sahurin mo
impediment ang tumutulong tubig sa gripo. Catch
sagád adj. sunk to the hilt, down to the dripping water from the faucet
the bottom (in a receptacle).
sagála Sp n. maiden in costume sahóg n. mixture for taste
joining the Lenten Procession or the sahól – masahol (ma-) adj. worse,
”Santacruzan” less good, lacking, falling short
sagána – masagana (ma-) adj. saíd adj. consumed, used up,
bountiful, plentiful, abundant exhausted
ságap n. something scooped from sáing – magsaing, isaing (mag-:i-
just below the surface of water • ) v. to cook by steam such as rice.
makasagap, masagap (maka-, Magsaing ka mamayang gabi. Cook
ma-) v. to inhale something (fig.), rice later tonight.
to pick up a rumor unintentionally. saís Sp num. six
Nakasagap siya ng mabuting balita. sála n. error, sin, fault
He was able to pick up some good sála n. living room
news. salaán n. colander, strainer, sifter
ságing n. banana salabát n. ginger drink, ginger tea
sagísag n. emblem, insignia, pen- salákay n. assault, invasion •
name, pseudonym salakáyin (-in) v. to invade (a
sagitsít n. hissing or whizzing sound place). Sinalakay ng kaaway ang
saglít n. instant, moment, second kampo. The enemy invaded the
(time) camp.
sagó n. palm tree of medium height salakót n. native hat made of nipa
bearing globular fruits that have palm
salámat 85 sampalatáya
salagúbang n. beetle klase. The shy boy doesn’t speak in
salámat n. thanks, thank you the class.
salamín n. mirror, looking-glass, salítre n. saltpeter
eyeglasses salmón n. salmon
salansán – magsalansan, saló – sumalo (-um-) v. to catch.
salansanín, isalansan (mag-:- Sino ang sumalo ng bola? Who
in, i-) v. to file orderly, to put in an caught the ball?
orderly stack. Salansanin mo ang sálok – sumalok (-um-) v. to fetch,
mga importanteng papel. File the as in fetching water. Sumalok ka ng
important papers. tubig sa poso. Fetch water from the
salantá’ adj. badly injured or well.
damaged, weakened • salóp n/quan. ganta
magsalanta’, salantaín (mag-:-in) sálot nw. epidemic, pest, plague
v. to cripple, to maim, to damage. salpók n. collision, impact, bump
Sinalanta ng bagyo ang mga hala- sálsa Sp n. sauce, gravy [var. s´arsa ]
man. The typhoon damaged the sálsa périn n. worchestershire sauce
plants. salúbong – sumalubong,
salapí’ n. money salubúngin (-um-:-in) v. to
salarín n. villain, criminal meet along the way. Salubungin
salawáhan adj. fickle mo ako sa kanto. Meet me at the
salawál n. panties, underwear, un- corner.
dergarments, trousers [var. p´anty ] sálu-sálo n. a get-together
salaysáy n. narration, story • samá’ – masama’ (ma-) adj. bad •
magsalaysay, isalaysay (mag-:i-) sumamá’ (-um-) v. to become bad,
v. to narrate, to relate, to tell a to become ill. Lalong sumama ang
story. Isalaysay mo ang nangyari. kanyang lagnat. His fever became
Narrate what happened. worse.
salbabída Sp n. life preserver samá’ ng loób n. ill feelings
salbáhe adj. rude, unkind, bad sáma – sumama (-um-) v. to go
sáli – sumali (-um-) v. to partici- with, to join the company, accom-
pate, to join. Sumali si Terry sa mga pany
palaro. Terry joined in with the par- magsama, isama (mag-:i-) v. to
lor games. take along with. Isama mo si Bubot
magsali, isali (mag-:i-) v. to allow sa Luneta. Take Bubot along to
one to participate, to include in a Luneta.
group or group work. Isali ninyo si samakatuwíd conj. therefore
Sandra sa inyong laro. Include San- samantála adv/conj. while, in the
dra in your game. meantime
saliksík n. detailed, minute search, sambá – sumamba, sambahín
research (-um-:-in) v. to adore, to worship.
sálin – magsalin, isalin (mag-:i-) Sambahin mo ang Dios. Worship
v. to pour into another receptacle, God.
to copy to translate, to transcribe. sampagíta n. Hawaiian pikake, Ara-
Isalin mo ang tubig sa baso. Pour bian jasmine
the water into the glass. sampál – manampal, sampalín
salitá’ n. word • (mang-:-in) v. to slap on the face.
magsalita’ (mag-) v. to speak, Sasampalin kita. I will slap your
to talk, to speak out. Ang batang face.
mahiyain ay hindi nagsasalita sa sampalatáya n. act of faith •
sampálok 86 sapantáha’
sumampalataya (-um-) v. to to take with a ladle. Magsandok ka
believe. Sumampalataya sila kay ng kanin. Scoop out the rice.
Hesukristo. They believe in Jesus sanidád n. health inspector
Christ. sanlá’ – magsanla’, isanla’ (mag-
sampálok n. tamarind :i-) v. to pawn, to mortgage. Isanla
sampáy – magsampay, isampay mo ang singsing ko. Pawn my ring.
(mag-:i-) v. to hang clothes on a sanlibután n. universe (fr. sang +
line. Magsasampay pa ako ng damit. libot + an)
I’ll hang clothes yet. sansála’ n. interdiction, injunction,
sampú’ num. ten, derived form prohibition [syn. p´igil, saw´ ay ]
isang pu’, one ten sansé Ch n. appelation for third el-
sána n/prep. 1 with, hope 2 Ex- dest sister
presses unreal futurity in the past santacrúsan n. May flower festival
or doubtful futurity in the present. santán n. iscora, shrub with white,
In the latter sense, it expresses (santang put´i’ ), red (santang pul´ a)
modesty in a request. Ipaglalaba or pink (santang rosas ) flowers
sana kita ng damit nguni’t wala sánto /a n. saint (mascu-
akong sabon. I could have washed line/feminine) • adj. saintly,
your clothes, but I didn’t have any holy, sacred
soap. santól n. santol
sanáy adj. skilled, experienced sang- aff. the whole, the whole unit,
magsanay, sanayin (mag-:-in) to one, in its entirety, as sang-angaw,
practice, to exercise, to rehearse, to one million
get used to. Magsanay kang lumakad sangá n. stem, branch, twig
nang mabilis. You better get used to sangkálan n. chopping block
walking fast. sangkáp n. belongings, implements,
sandál n. act of reclining against an contents, ingredients
object • sanggá – sumangga (-um-) v. to
magsandal, isandal (mag-:i-) v. shield, to obstruct for protection
to place (something or someone) manangga, sanggahín (mang-
in a reclining or leaning position :-in) v. to block (as in boxing).
against a support. Isandal mo ang Sanggahin mo ang suntok niya.
iyong likod sa unan. Lean your back Block his punch (boxing).
against the pillow. sánggano n. gangster
sandalan n. back of a seat, sanggól n. baby, infant
something used to lean or recline sanglá’ Ch n. pledge (as in pawn-
against ing), mortgage [var. sanl´ a’ ]
sandalí adv. a moment, a minute, a sangsáng n. strong agreeable odor
short time, lang, wait a minute [var. sans´ang ]
sandályas n. sandals sápa’ n. brook, creek, stream
sandáta’ n. weapon, arms sapák Ch adj. dovetailed very well,
sandíg Mal/Sk sumandig (-um-) v. inserted fully • intj. expressing full
to recline. Sumandig ang bata sa dib- satisfaction
dib ng ina. The child reclined on the sapagká’t conj. because
bosom of the mother. sápal n. residue, e.g. of coconut
sándo n. undershirt meat after it has been squeezed
sandók n. ladle • sapalarán [r.w. p´ alad ] n. taking of
magsandok, sumandok, san- chances or risks, venturing
dokín (mag-,-um-:-in) v. to scoop, sapantáha’ n. presumption, suspi-
sapát 87 sekréto
cion saúlo – magsaulo, saulúhin (mag-
sapát adj. enough, sufficient :-in) v. to memorize. Sauluhin mo
sapatéro n. shoemaker ang leksiyon. Memorize the lesson.
sapatílyas n. slippers (for dress sawá n. boa constrictor
wear), stepin sawá’ adj. satiated, sated, satisfied,
sapátos n. shoes tired
sápi’ n. member (of a society), orga- sawáli’ n. interwoven splits of bam-
nization boo for walling
sapín n. underlayer, protective un- sawáy – pagsaway (pag-) n. prohi-
derlayer • bition, act of prohibiting, stopping •
magsapin, isapin (mag-:i-) v. to sawayín (-in) v. to prohibit, to
put or use an underlayer. Isapin mo stop, to forbid. Sawayin mo siya sa
ang panyo ko. Use my handkerchief masamang gawain. Stop him from
as an undercover. doing bad things.
sapók n. a straight box (punch) in sawí’ adj. ill-fated
the face sawsáw – sumawsaw (-um-) v. to
sapól adv. at the very beginning, at dip food in liquid, e.g. sauce
the very root magsawsaw, isawsaw (mag-:i-) v.
sapsáp n. a species of slipmouth fish Isawsaw mo ang langgonisa sa suka.
sará – sumara (-um-) v. to close. Dip the (native) sausage in vinegar.
Sumara ang bintana sa lakas ng sáya n. long skirt
hangin. The window closed because sayá – masaya (ma-) adj. happy,
of the strong wind. cheerful, merry, gay •
magsara, sarahán, isara (mag- magsaya (mag-) v. to be happy,
:-an, i-) v. to close (something), to to be cheerful, to be gay. Magsaya
shut, to turn off. Sarahan (sarhan) tayong lahat! Let’s all be happy!
mo ang pinto. Close the door. sayád adj. touching or dragging on
sarádo adj. closed, shut, turned off floor at bottom, or on the sides
saráp – masarap (ma-) adj. sáyang! Mal intj. what a pity! •
delicious, good masayang (ma-) v. to be wasted.
sarát adj. flat (of nose) Nasayang ang pagod ko. My efforts
sardínas n. sardines were wasted.
saríli n. self, oneself • adj. private sayáw – sayawan (-an) n. a dance,
sári-sári’ n. variety store a social gathering for dancing, a
sári’sári’ adj. diverse ball
saríwa’ adj. fresh, new, recent sumayaw (-um-) v. to dance.
(food) Sumayaw kami kagabi. We went
sársa Sp n. sauce dancing last night.
sarsaparílya Sp n. sarsaparilla, a magsayaw, isayaw, sayawín
kind of beverage (mag-:i-, -in) v. Sayawin mo ang
sartén Sp n. frying pan, tin cup for tinikling. Dance the tinikling.
drinking sayóte n. pear-shaped vegetable
sasakyán n. vehicle for transporta- saysáy n. value, worth
tion sébo Sp n. tallow, fat
sastré n. tailor, tailor shop sekréta Sp n. detective, plain-
saúli’ – magsauli’, isauli’ (mag-:i- clothesman
) v. to return what was borrowed. sekretárya/o n. secretary (femi-
Isauli mo ang libro sa aklatan. Re- nine/masculine)
turn the book to the library. sekréto Sp n. secret •
séda 88 sigá’
masekreto (ma-) adj. secretive sí part. singular focus marker of
séda Sp n. silk proper nouns of names
segúro Sp n. insurance sibák Ch sibakín (-in) v. to split
sélan – maselan (ma-) adj. fastidi- wood with a hatchet. Sinibak niya
ous, meticulous, particular ang punungkahoy. He chopped down
sélos – magselos (mag-) v. to the tree.
be jealous. Huwag kang magselos. sibád n. sudden burst of flight
Don’t be jealous. sibát n. spear
sélula n. cell síbi n. shed attached to side of
selyádo adj. sealed, stamped house, balcony, portico
sélyo n. stamp siból n. growth, bud, sprout, spring
sementéryo n. cemetery of water •
senador/a n. senator (mascu- sumibol (-um-) v. to grow, sprout.
line/feminine) Sumibol ang butong itinanim ko. The
sentído Sp n. sense (of an expres- seed that I planted grew.
sion) [var. sint´ido] sibúyas n. onions
sentído-komún Sp n. common sibuyas na múra n. green onion
sense [var. sint´ido-kum´on ] síkad n. backward kick, energy,
sentimentál adj. sentimental force, potency •
sentimyénto Sp n. sentiment • sumikad, isikad (-um-:i-) v. to
magsentimyento (mag-) v. kick backward. Sumisikad ang
Nagsentimyento siya sa akin. He kabayo sa galit. The horse is kicking
harbored hurt feelings against me. (backwards) in anger.
senyál Sp n. mark, sign [var. siny´ al ] síkap – masikap (ma-) adj. dili-
sényas Sp n. sign, signal, mark [var. gent, active, assiduous •
siny´ as ] • magsikap (mag-) v. to strive,
sumenyas (-um-) v. Sumenyas siya to persevere, to work diligently.
sa weyter. He signaled to the waiter. Magsikap ka para yumaman ka.
senyór Sp n. sir, mister, lord, master Work diligently so you will get rich.
[var. siny´ or ] síkat n. rays
senyóra Sp n. madam, mistress, sikíp – masikip (ma-) adj. tight,
aristocratic lady [var. siny´ ora] crowded, narrow, snug
senyoríta Sp n. little miss, miss, lit- siklót n. a game of skill consisting of
tle mistress, (deprecatingly) girl who throwing up a given number of seeds
dislikes work [var. sinyur´ita ] (of sigay, small shells or small stones)
sepílyo n. toothbrush, brush [var. and catching them with the back of
sip´ilyo] the hand
Septiyémbre n. September [var. sikmúra’ n. stomach
Setyémbre ] síko n. elbow
serbésa n. beer siksík – sumiksik, magsiksik,
serbidór/a n. waiter/waitress isiksik (-um-, mag-: i-) v. to cram
serbilyéta n. table napkin in, to force into, to crowd in. Huwag
serbísyo Sp n. service kang sumiksik sa akin. Don’t crowd
seréno Sp n. night watchman, night me.
breeze, nocturnal coolness causing sikuláte n. chocolate [var. tsokol´ ate ]
chill sidhí’ – masidhi’ adj. assiduous, in-
sérmon n. sermon tensive
seténta Sp num. seventy • n. sev- sigá’ n. bonfire
enty centavos magsiga’, sigaán (mag-:-an) to
sigáng 89 simulá’
build a bonfire. Magsiga ka na. siláw adj. dazzled
Build a bonfire. masilaw (ma-) v. to be dazzled.
sigáng – magsigang, sigangín, isi- Nasilaw siya sa salapi. He was
gang (mag-:in, i-) v. to cook with dazzled by the money.
broth and condiments, to stew. Mag- silbáto n. whistle, sound of whistle
sisigang ako ng sugpo sa Biernes. I’ll or siren
cook prawns on Friday. silbí – magsilbi, isilbi (mag-:i-) v.
sigarílyas n. winged seguidillas to serve. Nagsisilbi na ang weyter.
beans The waiter is serving already.
sigarílyo n. cigarette • síli n. pepper
magsigarilyo (mag-) v. to smoke silíd n. room, bedroom [var.
a cigarette. Bawal magsigarilyo dito. kuw´ arto]
It’s prohibited to smoke here. silíd-aralán n. classroom, study
sigásig n. assiduity, persistence room
síga-síga’ adj. showing-off as able to silíndro n. harmonica
take it easy (with a feeling of security sílip – sumilip, manilip (-um-;
and pride), being such a show-off mang-) v. to peep. Sumilip siya sa
sigáw – sumigaw (-um-) v. to mikroskopyo. He peeped into the
shout, to call out loud, to scream. microscope.
Sumigaw ang pasyente sa sakit. The manilip, silípin (mang-:-in) v. to
patient screamed in pain. peep at something
isigaw (i-) v. to yell out something sílo’ n. loop, lariat
sígay n. shells of small snails sílong n. basement, space below the
síge intj. go on, go ahead, proceed, house, ground floor
continue • part. go on, proceed, con- sílya n. chair
tinue. O sige. Okay then; well; okay; simbá – simbahan (-an) n. church
all right. Sige na. Come on. sumimba, magsimba (-um-, mag-
siglá – masigla (ma-) adj. lively, en- ) v. to go to church. Nagsisimba siya
thusiastic tuwing Linggo. He goes to church ev-
signós Sp n. fatal sign, fate ery Sunday.
sígsag adj. zigzag siménto n. cement
sigúndo Sp n. second (of time) sími’ n. refuse or remnants of fish
sigurádo adj. sure, certain fallen on the dining table
sigúro adv. maybe, perhaps, proba- simót adj. picked up to the last
bly grain or piece (from floor, soil, dish
siít n. branchlets of bamboo or container) entirely consumed,
silá pron. they taken, or used •
siláb n. blaze of burning garbage, simutín (-in) v. to scrape up.
fire, conflagration • Sinimot niya ang natirang kanin sa
silabán (-an) v. Silaban mo ang pinggan. He scraped up all of the
basura. Burn the garbage. rice left on the plate.
siláhis Sp n. rays of the sun breaking símoy n. breeze
through the clouds simpátika adj. charming
siláng n. mountain pass, narrow símple Sp adj. simple
path along mountain sides simsím n. trying the taste of some-
Silángan n. East, Orient thing, slow enjoyment of something
silát n. slit between strips of bamboo pleasant
floor, break on the floor simulá’ n. beginning •
sílaw n. glare • magsimula’, simulan (mag-:-an)
simyénto 90 sípi’
v. to start, to begin. Simulan mo na sínuman pro. whoever [var. sino
ang iyong trabaho. Start your work. man ]
simyénto n. concrete sinungáling adj. dishonest, liar •
siná mkr. plural focus marker of magsinungalíng (mag-) v. to tell
si, used before names of persons to a lie or a falsehood. Nagsinungaling
mean ”and company”. sina Luis... siya sa akin. He lied to me.
Luis and his companions... sinú-sinó int. who (plural)
sínag n. rays or light (from sun, singá – suminga, isinga (-um-:i-)
moon, stars, lamp), halo around v. to expel mucus from the nose.
heads of images of saints Suminga ka. Blow your nose. Isinga
sínat n. slight fever mo ang sipon mo. Blow out the
sinangág n. fried rice • adj. fried mucus from your nose.
sinkáw – magsinkaw, isinkaw singáw n. vapor, steam
(mag-:i-) v. to harness. Ang singkamás n. yam bean (native
magsasaka ay nagsisinkaw ng kal- turnip)
abaw. The farmer is harnessingthe singkáw n. yoke •
carabao. isingkaw (i-) v. to harness. Isingkaw
sindí – sumindi (-um-) v. to light mo ang mga kalabaw. Harness the
up carabaos.
magsindi, sindihán, isindi (mag- síngko Sp num. five
:-an, i-) v. to kindle, to light. Sindi- singkuwénta Sp num. fifty, a na-
han mo ang sigarilyo ko. Light my tive term for ”fifty centavos” is is´
ang
cigarette. salap´i
síne n. movie theatre, cinema • singhál n. local vocal outburst of
magsine (mag-) v. (to see a) movie. anger, angry snap
Magsine tayo sa Sabado. Let’s see a singíl n. price quoted, charge,
movie this Saturday. collection of payment of debt •
sinélas n. slippers [var. tsinelas ] sumingil, singilín (-um-:-in) v.
sinibúyas n. bulb (plant) to collect payment for accounts.
sinigwélas n. variety of plum Siningil niya ang mga may utang sa
síno int. who? kaniya. He collected the debts of all
sinók n. hiccough, hiccup those who owed him.
sínop – masinop (ma-) adj. síngit – sumingit (-um-) v. to
economical, thrifty, frugal, careful stand in between, to cut into.
sinsílyo Sp n. loose change Sumingit siya sa pila. He cut into
sinsín – masinsin (ma-) adj. close the line.
sintá Mal n. love between man and magsingit, isingit (mag-:i-) v. to
woman, love of man for the diety, insert in slits or chinks. Isingit mo
love for the country ito sa unang talata. Insert this in
kasintáhan (ka-an) n. sweet-heart the first paragraph.
sintás Sp n. lace, lacing, shoestring singsíng n. ring
sintído Sp n. the temples sípa’ – sumipa’, manipa’, sipáin
sintído komún Sp n. common (-um-, mang-:-in) v. to kick. Nanipa
sense [var. sent´ido kom´ un ] ang kabayo. The horse kicked.
sintúnis Sp n. term common in the sípag – masipag (ma-) adj.
Batangas area for Mandarin type or diligent, hard-working, industrious
tangerine orange, native orange síper n. zipper
sinturón n. belt sípi’ n. copy, number of issue
sinúlid n. thread sumipi’ (-um-) n. copy, to quote.
sipílyo 91 sorbétes
Sumipi siya ng isang kawikaan sa mo si Bert sa nangyari. Blame Bert
Bibliya. He quoted a saying from for what happened.
the Bible. sísid n. diving head first into the
sipílyo n. brush, usually toothbrush water, swimming under water •
magsipilyo, sipilyuhín (mag-:-in) sumisid, sisírin (-um:-in) v. to
v. to brush (one’s teeth). Magsipilyo swim underwater. Sumisid siya sa
ka pagkatapos mong kumain. Brush dagat. He dove into the sea.
your teeth after eating. sisidlán n. comparatively small cov-
síping – sumiping (-um-) v. to lie ered container (from silíd)
down beside, to place by the side. sisíl n. brush (native)
Sumiping si Dina sa akin. Dina laid sísiw n. chick
down beside me. sisté – masiste (ma-) adj. enter-
sípit n. tongs, pincers, chopsticks taining, full of jokes
sípol Sp n. whistling, sound of sítaw n. string beans or longbean
whistling or of a siren • sítsaro n. snow pea, pea pod
sumipol (-um-) v. to whistle. Sum- sitsarón n. pork rind, cracklings
isipol siya habang nagtratrabaho. He (pork)
whistles while he works. sitsiríka n. Madagascar periwinkle
sipón n. cold, catarrh sitsít Ch n. gossip, the sound of a
sipsíp – sumipsip, sipsipín (-um:- call: ‘pssst’
in) v. to sip, to suck. Sumipsip siya síwang n. slit, crevice, space of a
sa iniinom ko. She sipped from my small opening (as of window or
drink. door)
síra’ n. a tear (as in clothing), a siyá pron. he/she
defect • siyám num. nine
sirá’ adj. destroyed, broken siyansí n. kitchen turner (spatula)
sumira’ (-um-) v. to destroy, to [var. siyansé ]
break, to rip, to tear. Sumira siya sa siyánga’ (+ba) adv. really, hon-
aming usapan. She broke our verbal estly, is that so? [syn. talag´
a]
agreement. siyémpre adv. always, of course,
manira’, siráin (mang-:-in) v. surely, naturally. Siyempre, tama
Huwag mong sirain ang laruan. ka. Of course, you are right.
Don’t break the toy. siyénse n. spatula
sírko Sp n. circus, acrobatics siyéte Sp num. seven
siréna Sp n. mermaid, siren, foghorn siyópaw Sp n. steamed rice cake
sisánte Sp adj. dismissed from with meat and condiments inside
office siyudád n. city
masisante (ma-) v. to be fired, to sóbra adj/adv. in excess of
lose one’s job sóbre Sp n. envelope
magsisante, sisantehín (mag-:-in) sólo n. single, alone adj. solo, alone,
v. to fire (someone), to dismiss from solitary •
the office. Magtrabaho kang mabuti magsolo (mag-) v. to be by oneself,
para huwag kang sisantehin. Work to be alone. Magsolo ka na lang sa
hardso you won’t get fired. kuwarto. Just stay alone in the room.
sísi – magsisi (mag-) v. to repent, solomílyo n. tenderloin
to regret. Baka magsisi ka lang. You sombréro Sp n. hat [var. sumbréro,
might just regret it. sumbléro, sumbal´ilo]
manisi, sisíhin (mang-:-in) v. to sopá n. sofa, couch
lay the blame on someone. Sisihin sópas Sp n. soup
sosyál 92 súkob
sorbétes n. ice cream súkal n. dirt, refuse
sosyál adj. social, friendly súkat – sukatán (-an) n. a measure
sotanghón n. transparent bean noo- • p.v. fitting, right. Hindi mo sukat

dle, long rice ikagalit. It is not right for you to get

stépin n. slippers angry. •
su! intj. shoo! Sound used for driv- sumukat, sukátin (-um-:-in) v.
ing away fowls or animals. to measure, to try on. Sukatin mo
subáli’t conj. but, less common ang haba ng kuwarto. Measure the
than ngúni’t and dátapwa’t length of the room.
subásta Sp n. auction • magsukat, isukat (mag-:i-) v.
magsubasta, isubasta (mag-:i-) v. Isukat mo ang bagong damit. Try on
to sell or offer for sale at auction. Is- the new dress.
usubasta nila ang kanilang kasangka- sukbít – magsukbit, isukbit
pan. They’ll auction their furniture. (mag-:i-) v. to let something hang
subaybáy n. attentive and careful from the waistline, to hook on to
observation made by following up one’s belt skirt, or trousers. Isukbit
the progress of the objective mo ang itak. Let the bolo hang from
súbo’ – sumubo’, isubo’ (-um:i-) your side.
v. to get into trouble. Sumubo siya súki’ n. customer of long standing
sa gulo. He got into trouble. suklám n. aversion, repugnance,
magsubo’, isubo’ (mag-:i-) v. to loathing, disgust •
feed or put food into the mouth. masuklam (ma-) v. to be dis-
Isubo mo ito sa bata. Put this into gusted. Nasuklam ako sa ginawa
the child’s mouth. niya. I got disgusted at what he did.
súbok – magsubok, subúkin sukláy n. comb •
(mag-:-in) v. to try, to test. Subukin magsuklay, suklayín (mag-:-in)
mong magsalita ng Tagalog. Try to v. to comb the hair. Magsuklay ka.
speak in Tagalog. Comb your hair. Suklayin mo ang
manubok (mang-) v. to spy on. buhok ng bata. Comb the child’s
Gusto mo bang manubok sa gina- hair.
gawa ng mga dayuhan? Do you suklí’ n. change (from a purchase) •
like to spy on the activities of the magsukli’, isukli’ (mag-:i-) v. to
foreigners? change money. Isukli mo itong diyes
subsób – sumubsob (-um-) v. to sa bata. Give this ten cents change
fall on the face. Sumubsob siya sa to the child.
pagmamadali. He fell on his face suklób – magsuklob, isuklob
when he was rushing. (mag-:i-) v. to cover completely,
magsubsob, isubsob (mag-:i-) v. to cover with encasing around the
to get intensely involved. Isubsob sides. Isuklob mo ito nang hindi ka
mo ang sarili mo sa iyong ginagawa. mabasa ng ulan. Use this for a cover
Involve yourself intensely in what so you won’t get wet from the rain.
you’re doing. súko’ – sumuko’ (-um-) v. to
súka’ n. vinegar surrender, to give up, to succumb.
súka n. vomit • Sumuko ang kriminal. The criminal
sumuka, isuka (-um:i-) v. to vomit, surrendered.
to throw up. Sumuka siya kanina. He isuko (i-) v. to give up or surrender
vomitted a little while ago. something. Isuko mo ang baril na
magsuká (mag-) v. Baka magsuka ginamit mo. Give up the gun that
ka. You might vomit. you used.
suksók 93 sulsól
súkob – sumukob (-um-) v. to an attack.
share a cover or shelter (e.g. um- sugpó’ – sumugpo’ (-um-) v. to
brella). Sumukob si Rosita sa payong suppress or check the progress of
ko. Rosita shared my umbrella. something developing, swelling, or
magsukob, isukob (mag-:i-) v. rising
Isukob mo ang bata sa payong mo. manugpo’, sugpuín (mang-:-in)
Let the child share your umbrella. v. Sugpuin natin ang kasamaan.
suksók – magsuksok, isuksok Let’s stop (the progress of) evil.
(mag-:i-) v. to insert in between sugpó’ n. prawn
layers, to keep away, to push down súha’ n. pomelo
in a container. Isuksok mo ang suhí’ adj. born in abnormal position
natirang pera. Set aside the money (i.e. feet first)
that’s left. súhol n. bribery •
súga – magsuga, isuga (mag-:i-) magsuhol, isuhol (mag-:i-) v. to
v. to tether. Isuga mo ang kabayo. bribe. Huwag kang magsuhol. Don’t
Tether the horse. bribe.
sugál n. gambling, any game (usu- manuhol (mang-) v. Nanuhol ang
ally a game of cards) that involves dayuhan. The alien engaged in
a bet or wager bribery.
sugalan (-an) n. gambling den • sulár Sp n. small fenced lot with
magsugal (mag-) v. to gamble. plants and trees, usually surround-
Huwag kang magsugal. Don’t ing a residence
gamble. súlat n. letter •
sugapá’ adj. inveterate drunkard sumulat (-um-) v. to write. Sumu-
who reels around habitually when lat si Tony sa akin. Tony wrote to
drunk me.
sugaról n. gambler magsulát, sulátin, isulat (mag-
súgat n. wound • :-in, i-) v. to write. Isulat mo ang
sumugat (-um-) v. to hurt. Sumu- tula sa pisara. Write the poem on
gat sa kanyang damdamin ang alaala the blackboard.
ng lumipas. His feelings became hurt suló’ n. torch
in remembering the past. súlok n. corner (of room)
magsugat (mag-) v. to develop into súlong! intj. go ahead, go away!,
a wound. Baka magsugat iyan sa push forward, scram •
kakakamot mo. That might develop isulong (i-) v. to push forward.
into a wound from scratching it. Isulong mo ang kariton. Push the
manugat, sugátan (mang-:-an) v. cart forward.
to inflict pain sulsí – magsulsi (mag-) v. to mend
Sugbuánon n. the Cebuano lan- clothes. Nagsulsi kami ng mga sirang
guage [var. Sugbuh´anon, Sibuh´anon, damit kahapon. We mended the torn
Sebw´ano] dresses yesterday.
sugpóng n. connection, juncture, manulsi, sulsihán (mang-:-an) v.
joint, welding to mend. Sulsihan mo ang medyas
súgo’ n. representative ko. Mend my socks.
súgod – sumugod, manugod, sulsól – manulsol, sumulsol, sul-
sugúrin (-um-, mang:-in) v. to sulán (mang-,-um-:-an) v. to prod,
advance or rush into a forward to incite someone to do something
attack. Sumugod ang mga kaaway. usually not good, to instigate.
The enemies rushed in together in Nanulsol siya sa mga manggagawa.
sulyáp 94 suót
He incited the laborers. obedient •
sulyáp – sumulyap (-um-) v. sumunod, sundín (-um-:-in) v.
to glance, to give a side-glance. to follow, to obey. Sumunod ka sa
Sumulyap siya sa aking ginagawa. iyong magulang. Follow/obey your
He gave a side-glance at what I was parents.
doing. isunod (i-) v. to follow with
súma – magsuma, sumahín (mag- something left behind for someone.
:-in) v. to sum up. Sumahin mo ang súnog n. a fire •
ating nagasta. Add up our expendi- sunúgin (-in) v. to set on fire, to
tures. burn. Sinunog ng mga manggagawa
súman n. native rice cake wrapped ang tubuhan. The workers burned
in banana or palm leaves the sugarcane field.
sumbát – manumbat (mang-) v. to súnong – magsunong, sunúngin,
upbraid. Nanumbat ang prinsipal ka- isunong (mag-:-in, i) v. to carry on
hapon. The principal upbraided peo- the head. Sunungin mo ang isang bi-
ple yesterday. laong puto. Carry the tray of rice
sumbóng – magsumbong, isum- cakes on your head.
bong (mag-:i-) v. to accuse, to tell, suntók – sumuntok (-um-) v. to
to complain about. Nagsumbong box, to hit with the fist. Sumuntok
ang bata sa kanyang ina. The child ang lasing ng mga tao. The drunken
turned tattle tale to his mother. man hit the people.
Isumbong mo sa kanyang ama ang manuntok, suntukín (mang-:-in)
mga kalukohan niya. Tell his father v. to box, to hit with the fist.
what nonsense he has done. Sinuntok niya ang dingding sa galit.
sumbréro n. hat [var. sombréro ] He banged his fist against the wall
sumpá’ – sumumpa’ (-um-) v. to in anger.
promise, to make an oath, to curse. súngay n. horn(s) of an animal
Sumumpa kang mamahalin mo ako sungká’ n. native game
habambuhay. Promise to love me for sungkí’ Ch n. acute angled corner,
as long as I live. abnormal tooth growth
sumpaín (-in) v. to curse a person. sungkít – sumungkit (-um-) v. to
Huwag mo akong sumpain. Don’t pick fruit by means of a hook at-
curse me. tached to the end of a pole
sumpít n. blow gun manungkit, sungkitín (mang-:-in)
sumpóng – sumpungín (-in) adj. v. to pick fruit by means of a hook
moody attached to the end of a pole. Sungk-
sundálo n. soldier itin natin ang mga hinog na prutas.
sundó’ – manundo’, sunduín Let’s get the ripe fruit from the tree
(mang-:-in) v. to fetch a person, to by means of a pole.
pass by a person, to meet. Sinundo sunggáb – sumunggab, manung-
namin si Tessie kahapon. We went gab, sunggabán (-um-, mang-:-an)
by and picked up Tessie yesterday. v. to grab, to grasp, to clutch, to
sundót – manundot, sumundot, seize with the hands. Sumunggab ang
sundut ín (mang-,-um-:-in) v. to mga bata ng mga prutas. The chil-
poke (with the point of a finger, dren grabbed the fruits.
stick, spear or the like). Sinundot súngit – masungit (ma-) adj. ill-
niya ng lapis ang lobo. He poked the tempered, short-tempered, sulky, ir-
balloon with a pencil. ritable
sunód – masunúrin (ma-:-in) adj. suót n. refers to clothes worn by a
supá 95 súyo’
person • suspendído Sp adj. suspended
sumuot (-um-) v. to go inside or susténto n. allowance, support •
to go through. Sumuot sila sa isang magsustento, sustentuhán,
madilim na kuweba. They entered a sustentuh ín (mag-:-an, -in) v. to
dark cave. support, to finance. Nagsusustento
magsuot, isuot (mag-:i-) v. to si Nonong sa kanyang kapatid.
wear an apparel. Magsuot ka ng Nonong is supporting his brother
magandang damit. Wear an attrac- (or sister). Sustentuhan mo ang
tive dress. Isuot mo ang bago mong aking pag-aaral. Support me in my
damit. Wear your new dress. studies.
supá Sp n. sofa sutíl adj. stubborn, disobedient
supalpál n. something covering the sutlá’ n. silk
mouth, something forced into the sutsót – sumutsot (-um-) v. sssst!,
mouth a sibilant sound produced to call
superbisór n. supervisor someone or to urge silence. Sumutsot
superintindénte n. superintendent ang dalaga. The young girl called
supládo/a adj. conceited (mascu- with a hissing sound.
line/feminine) suwábe adj. soft, smooth, mild, gen-
supleménto Sp n. supplement tle
suplíng n. sprout, shoots suwág – sumuwag, manuwag,
supók adj. carbonized suwagín (-um-, ma-:-in) v. to butt
súpot n. small bag, a paper bag, with the horns. Sinuwag ng kalabaw
pouch ang magsasaka. The carabao butted
súri’ – sumuri’ (-um-) v. to ana- the farmer with his horns.
lyze, to examine suwaíl adj. rebellious, disobedient,
magsuri’, suríin (mag-:-in) v. to insolent
analyze, to examine, to diagnose. suwáy – sumuway, suwayín (-um-
Sinuri ng doktor ang kanyang :-in) v. to disobey, to violate, to go
pasyente. The doctor examined his against, to go against the wishes
patient. of somebody. Sumuway si Edna
súrot n. bedbug sa kanyang magulang. Edna went
surtído Sp adj. assorted against her parents. Sinuway niya
sus! intj. an exclamation of surprise ang utos ng magulang niya. She
or disapproval, abbreviation for disobeyed her parent’s wishes.
Hes´ us, Jesus suwélas Sp n. sole (of footwear)
súsi’ n. key • suwéldo n. pay, salary, wage •
susían (-an) v. to lock. Susian mo sumueldo (-um-) v. to receive
ang iyong aparador. Lock your cabi- one’s pay or salary. Sumuweldo ako
net. kahapon. I got paid yesterday.
susó’ n. snail magsuweldo, isuweldo (mag-:i-)
súso n. breast • v. to pay one’s salary
sumuso, susúhin (-um-:-in) v. to suwérte Sp n. luck, good luck, good
suck milk, to nurse. Sumuso ang bata fortune
sa ina. The child was nursed by his suwí Mal n. shoot (of plants, as ba-
mother. nanas)
susón n. second layer, reinforcing suwítik adj. tricky, crafty, cunning,
layer • knavish, sly
magkasuson (magka-) adj. one suyá’ adj. fed up
layer over another súyo’ – manuyo’, suyúin (mang-:-
súyod 96 tabingí’
in) v. to win one’s affection. Nanuyo magtabas, tumabas, tabásin
si Remigio kay Tessie. Remigio tried (mag-:-um-in) v. to cut the design
to win Tessie’s affection. or according to a design or pattern,
súyod n. lice comb, fine toothed as of cloth, paper, etc. Tumabas ako
comb, farmer’s harrow • ng damit kagabi. I cut a dress last
magsuyod, suyúrin (mag-:-in) v. night for sewing.
to comb one’s hair with a fine nit tabás – magtabas, tumabas,
comb, to catch lice, to harrow the tabasín (mag-:-um-:-in) v. to cut
soil, to make an intensive search in down plant growth by hacking away.
a place. Magsuyod ka at baka may Tabasin mo ang mga matataas na
kuto ka. Comb your hair with a fine damo sa hardin. Cut the tall grasses
tooth comb because you might have in the garden.
lice. tabí n. side, brim, border adv. be-
swéter n. sweater side, by the side of •
swípistik n. sweepstakes magtabi, itabi (mag-:-i) v. to save
up, to store. Magtabi ka ng pagkain
para bukas. Store food for tomorrow.
T tabí – tumabi (-um-) v. to stand be-
side or aside, to get out of the way,
taál adj. genuine, legitimate, native, to go to the side of. Tumabi si Belen
inborn, innate sa akin. Belen came beside me.
taán – magtaan, itaan (mag-:i-) v. magtabi, itabi (mag-:i-) v. to keep
to reserve, to save for other people away something for future use. Itabi
for some future time. Magtaan ka ng mo ang kaunting salapi para sa hina-
pagkain para mamayang gabi. Set harap. Set aside some money for the
aside food for this evening. Itaan future.
mo ito para bukas. Save this for tabíke Sp n. partition wall
tomorrow. tábig – mangtabig, tabígin
taás n. height (mang-:-in) v. to shove violently
kataásan (ka-an) n. upland adj. with the elbow. Tinabig ng lasing
high, tall, height, altitude, superior- ang baso. The drunken man pushed
ity • the glass aside violently with his
tumaás (-um-) v. to become higher elbow.
or taller. Tumaas si Angel. Angel tabíl n. glibness of tongue, talkative-
has gotten taller. ness •
magtaas, itaas (mag-:i-) v. to put matabil (ma-) adj. talkative
up, to carry up a height, to hoist. tumabil (-um-) v. to become
Itaas mo ang ating bandila. Raise talkative. Tumatabil na ang sanggol.
our flag. The baby is already becoming
tabá’ adj. stout, fat • talkative.
tumaba’ (-um-) v. to become stout tábing n. screen, covering screen
tabák Mal n. cutlass tabíng-dágat n. beach, seashore
tabáko n. cigar tabingí’ adj. not symmetrical,
tában n. holder or support (so as to disproportional, unbalanced •
keep something in position) tumabingi’ (-um-) v. to be or to
tabáng – matabang (ma-) adj. become unsymmetrical, to become
bland, tasteless, lack of seasoning or crooked. Tumabingi ang nakasabit
spices na litrato. The picture hanging on
tábas n. a cut for a dress • the wall became crooked.
tablá 97 tadyák
itabingi’, tabingiín (i-,-in) v. to run with something
make unsymmetrical takdá’ n. limitation, determination
tablá n. wood board, lumber or fixing of time, provision (of rule,
tablétas Sp n. tablet (med) ordinance or law)
tábo’ n. a dipper, scoop, usually a takílya Sp n. ticket booth, ticket of-
coconut shell or an empty can • fice
magtabo’, tumabo’, tabúin takilyéra n. ticket girl (in theatres)
(mag:-um-:-in) v. to scoop water takíp n. cover •
with a coconut shell or an empty magtakip, takipán (mag-:-an) v.
can, to use a dipper or a coconut to cover. Nagtakip siya ng kaniyang
shell or an empty can. Tumabo siya mga mata. He covered his eyes.
ng tubig sa tapayan. He scooped out Takipan mo ang ulam. Put a cover
water from the earthen jar. on the food (main dish).
tábon – matabúnan (ma-:-an) v. takíp-sílim n. twilight, sunset
to be covered with. Natabunan siya taklób – magtaklob, itaklob,
ng buhangin. He was covered with taklubán (mag-:i-:-an) v. to cover,
sand. usually provided with overlapping
magtabon, itabon, tabúnan sides, to put one side over the other
(mag-:i-:-an) to cover with earth or as in a sandwich. Itaklob mo itong
soil. Tabunan mo ng lupa ang siga. kumot. Use the blanket for a cover.
Cover the bonfire with soil. Takluban mo ng lona ang binilad na
tabóy n. statement, admonition or palay. Cover the dried rice grains
shout given to urge or drive a per- with a canvas.
son to go away, or do something that takóng Sp n. shoe or boot heel
should be done right away or earlier. tákot n. fear, fright •
magtaboy, itaboy (mag-:i-) v. to nakakatakot (nakaka-) adj. fright-
drive away, to drive out of. Itaboy mo ening, formidable
ang mga baboy na nasa halamanan. matakot (ma-) v. to be frightened,
Drive the pigs out of the garden. scared or afraid. Natakot siya sa
tábing n. curtain, screen nakita niya. He was afraid of what
tákal – takalán (-an) n. a measure he saw.
magtakal, tumakal, takálin mantakot, takútin (mang-:-in)
(mag-:-um-:-in) v. to measure by v. to frighten, to scare. Takutin
volume of liquids, grains or powder. natin si Vida mamayang gabi. Let’s
Magtakal ka ng bigas. Measure the frighten Vida later this evening.
uncooked rice. táksi n. taxi, cab
tákas – tumakas (-um-) v. to taksíl adj. treacherous, unfaithful
escape, to run away. Tumakas ang takwíl – magtakwil, itakwil (mag-
bilanggo. The prisoner escaped. :i-) v. to disown, to deny, to repudi-
magtakas, itakas (mag-:i-) v. to ate. Baka itakwil ka ng iyong ama.
run away with something. Itakas mo You might be disowned by your fa-
ang mga alahas na nakatago. Run ther.
away with the jewelry. tadhána’ n. nature, fate
tákaw – matakaw (ma-) adj. tadtád – magtadtad, tadtarín
greedy, voracious, gluttonous (mag-:-in) v. to chop to pieces.
takbó – tumakbo (-um-) v. to run. Magtadtad ka ng sibuyas. Chop the
Tumakbo siya nang matulin. He ran onions into small pieces. Tadtarin
rapidly. mo ang karne. Chop the meat.
magtakbo, itakbo (mag-:i-) v. to tadyák – tumadyak (-um-) v. to
tadyáng 98 tahímik
kick backwards, to kick violently. become slanted, to become lopsided.
Tumadyak ang kabayo. The horse Tumagilid ang bahay dahil sa lindol.
kicked back violently. The house became lopsided because
mangtadyak, tadyakán (mang- of the earthquake.
:-an) to kick. Tadyakan kita riyan, magtagilíd, itagílid (mag-:i-) to
nakita mo. I’ll kick you...you’ll see. tilt, to slant. Itagilid mo ang mesa.
tadyáng n. ribs, spareribs Tilt the table.
táe n. excreta • tagilíran n. side
tumae, itae (-um-:i-) v. to defecate, taglamíg n. cold season, winter
to have a bowel movement. Tumae (from lamíg)
ang bata sa sala. The child had a tagláy – magtaglay, taglayín
bowel movement in the living room. (mag-:-in) v. to bear, to possess.
magtaé (mag-) v. to have diarrhea. Nagtataglay si Amalia ng pambihi-
Baka magtae ka sa sobra mong ki- rang kagandahan. Amalia possesses
nain. You might get diarrhea from extraordinary beauty.
overeating. tágo’ – magtago’, itago’ (mag-:i-
tagá’ – managa’, tagaín (mang-:- ) v. to keep, to hide, to put away.
in) v. to hack with a cutting instru- Nagtago si Maria sa hiya. Maria hid
ment. Tagain mo ang mga pangga- from shame. Itago mo ang natirang
tong. Hack/chop the firewood. aff. a pagkain. Put away the leftover food.
noun-forming prefix meaning ‘native tagós – tumagos, tagusán (-
of’ or ‘coming from’; with verb roots, um-:-an) v. to penetrate, reach
it means ‘regular performer of’ through a whole width, thickness
tagakták n. rapid dropping (of tears or length. Tumagos ang lanseta sa
or sweat) • kanyang katawan. The pocket-knife
tumagaktak (-um-) v. to perspire penetrated his body.
profusely or to cry with tears falling tagpí’ n. patch, patching (of cloth)
rapidly. Tumatagaktak ang kanyang to cover a tear or break
luha kapag siya’y nasaktan. Her tears tagpó’ – magtagpo’, tagpuín
are falling profusely when she gets (mag-:-in) v. to meet, to agree to
hurt. meet, to meet each other. Magtagpo
tagál – matagal (ma-) adj. late, tayo bukas sa paaralan. Let’s meet
that takes a long time, for a long each other at school tomorrow.
period of time • Tagpuin mo ako sa opisina. Meet
tumagal (-um-) v. to endure, to me at the office.
withstand. Tumagal siya sa hirap. tag-ulán n. rainy or wet season
He withstood the hardship. tagumpáy n. victory
magtagal (mag-) v. to take a long táhan – magtahan, tumahan
time, to stay long. Huwag kang (mag-:-um-) to cease or stop crying.
magtagal. Don’t be long. Tumahan ang bata sa pag-iyak. The
tagá-tanggáp n. receiver child stopped crying.
taghóy n. lament, lamentation tahánan n. home
tagiktík n. light sound of consec- tahí’ – tumahi’ (-um-) v. to sew.
utive drops, ticking of clocks and Tumahi si Kelly ng damit ko. Kelly
watches sewed my dress.
tagiháwat n. pimples manahi’, tahiín (mang-:-in) v. to
tagilíd adj. tilted, tipped to one sew. Nanahi ako kagabi. I sewed last
side, inclined • night. Tahiin mo ang damit ng bata.
tumagílid v. to become tilt, to Sew the child’s dress.
tahíp 99 táma ka na
tahímik adj. quiet, peaceful, tran- talím – matalim (ma-) adj. sharp
quil talíno – matalino (ma-) adj. intel-
tahíp n. up and down movement ligent, wise, sharp
of rice grains being winnowed on táling n. mole
a flat basket, rapid palpitation or talinghága’ n. allegory, figure of
throbbing (of heartbeat) • speech, metaphor [var. talinh´ aga’ ]
tumahip (-um-) v. to beat rapidly talipapá’ n. fish-market with tem-
(heart). Tumahip ang dibdib ni porary stalls under flat sheds
Marta dahil sa takot. Marta’s heart tálo adj. defeated, beaten, sur-
beat rapidly because of fear. passed
magtahip, tahipín (mag-:-in) v. matalo (ma-) v. to be defeated, to
winnow (cereals) lose. Natalo sila sa basketbol. They
tahó n. Chinese mongo bean jelly lost the basketball game.
or meal with syrup sold by Chinese mangtalo, talúnin (mang-:-in)
peddlers, bean curd v. to defeat, to surpass, to win
tahól – tumahol (-um-) v. to bark. over. Baka talunin ka ni Juan. John
Tumahol ang aso. The dog barked. might defeat you.
tahóng n. salt water mussel, a talón n. waterfall
species of clam tálon – tumalon, talunín (-um-:-
táhuri Ch n. fermented salted soy- in) v. to jump, to leap. Tumalon si
bean curd Linda. Linda jumped. Tinalon niya
taimtím – mataimtim (ma-) adj. ang kanal. He jumped over the canal.
sincere tálong n. eggplant
taínga n. ear tálop n. act of peeling • adj. peeled,
tála’ n. bright star decorticated
taláb – tumalab (-um-) v. to talós adj. comprehended, perfectly
cut through, to be effective, i.e. understood
medicine, instruction, etc. Tumalab talúkab n. carapace (of crabs)
din ang pangaral mo. Your advice talúkap n. sheath of palm leaves or
was effective. banana stalk, eyelid
talabá n. oyster talukbóng n. head covering
talakítok n. cavalla, a species of fish talúlot n. petals of flowers
talagá adv. truly, really, honestly talumpáti n. speech •
[syn. siyang´a’ ] magtalumpati (mag-) v. to give a
taláhib n. a species of tall grass speech. Nagtalumpati ang senador.
talampákan n. sole of foot, a foot The senator gave a speech.
long [syn. piyé ] talyási’ n. vat, medium-sized iron
talangká’ n. small crab vat (for cooking)
tálas – matalas (ma-) adj. sharp, talyér Sp n. mill, factory, workshop
acute táma’ adj. correct, right, true
táli’ n/qnt. a bundle (tied with a tumama’ (-um-) to hit the mark, to
string) • be right or correct. Tumama sa ulo
magtali’, itali’ (mag-:i-) v. to tie. niya ang bola. The ball hit him right
Itali mo ang aso. Tie the dog. on the head.
talikód – tumalikod (-um-) v. to magtama’, itama’ (mag-:-i) v. to
turn one’s back to, to renounce, to put correctly
forsake. Tumalikod siya sa kanyang tamák adj. impregnated
sinabi. She renounced her statement. táma ka na an expression which is
talílong n. mullet (immature) a mild or affectionate way of saying,
tamád 100 tanóng
‘Oh, stop it ’or ‘Oh, shut up’ :i-) v. to elope, to elope with. Nag-
tamád adj. lazy, idle, indolent tanan sina Celia at Romy. Celia and
tambák n. a heap, a pile, filler (soil) Romy eloped. Itanan mo ang iyong
magtambak, itambak (mag-:i-) v. kasintahan. Elope with your sweet-
to pile, to dump into, to fill up with heart.
rubbish, earth or stones. Itambak mo tanáw – tanáwin (-in) n. scenery,
ang mga basura sa isang tabi. Pile landscape, view •
the garbage in one corner. matanaw, tumanaw, tanawín
tambád adj. exposed to view (mang-:-um-:-in) v. to look. Tu-
tambál – magtambal (mag-) v. manaw ka sa dakong silangan. View
to pair up, to be billed together. the easterly direction. Tanawin
Nagtambal ang dalawang sikat na mo ang dagat at bundok. View the
artista. The two famous film stars ocean and the mountain.
paired up/billed together (in a tandá n. mark or sign
film). tandá’ n. age •
itambal (i-) v. to pair. Itambal mo tumanda’ (-um-) v. to age, to get
si Tessie kay Remigio. Pair Tessie older. Tumanda agad ang presidente.
with Remigio. The president aged quickly.
tambán n. herring tandá – magtanda, tandaán
tambó’ n. soft broom (mag-:-an) v. to remember, to
tamból n. drum • retain. Tandaan mo ang sinabi ko.
magtambol, itambol (mag-:i-) v. Mark my words. Uli-uli magtanda
to drum, to pound as a drum. Mag- ka. Next time learn from your
tambol ka. Beat the drum. experience.
tambúli’ n. bugle made of horn tandáng n. rooster
tamís n. sweetness • tanikalá’ n. chain
matamis (ma-) adj. sweet (food) n. taním n. plants •
sweets, desserts magtanim, itanim (mag-:i-) v. to
tamó – magtamo, itamo (mag-:i-) plant. Nagtanim kami ng kamote sa
v. to obtain, to acquire, to be bakuran. We planted sweet potatoes
awarded. Nagtamo si Jose ng isang in the backyard. Itanim mo ang mus-
karangalan. Joe attained an honor. tasa. Plant the mustard.
tampál – manampal, tampalín táning n. a time limit •
(mang-:-in) v. to slap with the hand magtaning, taníngan (mag-:-an)
[var. samp´ al ]. Baka tampalin ka v. to give a time limit. Ang guro ay
niya. He might slap you. nagtaning sa kanya na gawin ang
tampalásan adj. wicked, perverse, kanyang proyekto hanggang sa isang
destructive [syn. buh´ ong, imb´i, linggo. The teacher gave him a time
wal´ang-pakund´ angan, suwa´il ] limit to do his project until next
tampípi’ n. chest or trunk made of week.
palm leaves tánod n. sentinel, guard
tampisáw – magtampisaw (mag-) tanóng n. a question •
to wade in the water. Nagtampisaw magtanong, tanungín, itanong
kami sa tabing dagat. We waded in (mag-:-in, i-) v. to ask, to question,
the seashore. to inquire. Nagtanong siya sa akin.
tampó – magtampo (mag-) v. to He asked me. Itanong mo sa kanya
sulk. Nagtampo si Dolores. Dolores kung anong oras magsisimula ang
sulked. miting. Ask him what time the
tánan – magtanan, itanan (mag- meeting will start. Tinanong niya
tansó’ 101 tápa
ako kung ako’y masipag. He asked ipagtanggol (ipag-) v. to defend.
me if I am industrious. Ipagtanggol mo ang inyong bayan.
tansó’ n. copper Defend your country.
tantó’ n. realized tanghál – tanghálan (-an) n. place
tanyág adj. popular, known, famous where the show or program is exhib-
tangá adj. stupid, ignorant, idiot ited adj. exalted, prominent •
tángan – tumangan (-um-) v. to magtanghal, tanghalín (mag-:-in)
hold on, to hold onto. Tumangan ka v. to exalt, to exhibit. Tatanghalin
sa akin. Hold on to me. sa isang linggo ang bagong pelikula.
magtangan, tangánan (mag-:-an) The new film will be exhibited next
v. to hold in hand, to hold onto. week.
Tanganan mo ang iyong kapatid. tangháli’ adj. late (time), not early
Hold onto your brother (sister). adv. late, high noon, midday •
tangáy adj. carried away (by tanghalían (-an) n. lunch, noon
seizure, force, mouth) meal •
tangká’ – magtangka’, tangkaín mananghalí (mang-) v. to have
(mag-:-in) v. to premeditate, to lunch. Nananghali ka na ba? Did
plan, to intend. Nagtangka siyang you have lunch already?
magpakamatay. He planned to com- tángi’ adj. special, favorite, one and
mit suicide. Baka tangkain niyang only
ako ay patayin. He might plan to tangó’ – tumango’, itango’ (-um-
kill me. :i-) v. to nod, to say yes. Tumango
tangkád – matangkad (ma-) adj. siya. He nodded. Itango mo ang iy-
tall and slender of stature ong ulo. Nod your head.
tangkál n. cage of chickens tángos n. (Geog) cape, promontory,
tangké n. tank peninsula
tanggál – magtanggal, tanggalín tángos n. prominence (physically,
(mag-:-in) v. to unfasten, to disman- as of nose or forehead), high-bridged
tle, to remove, to take off. Nagtang- nose •
gal si Rosita ng sapatos niya. Rosita matangos (ma-) adj. high-bridged
took off her shoes. Tinanggal ni Nita nose
ang kanyang salamin. Nita took off táo n. person
her glasses. Tao po’! a phrase used by a caller
tanggáp – tumanggap, tang- to announce his presence at the en-
gapín (-um-:-in) v. to receive, to trance of a home. (Lit. There is a
accept, to admit. Tumanggap ako person here.)
ng sulat kahapon. I got a letter taób – tumaob (-um-) v. to capsize,
yesterday. Tanggapin mo ang aking to put face down, to overturn. Tu-
pakikiramay. Accept my condolence. maob ang bangka. The canoe turned
tanggápan n. office over.
tanggí’ – tumanggi’, tanggihán (- magtaob, itaob (mag-:i-) v. to cap-
um-:-an) v. to refuse, to deny. Tu- size, to put face down, to overturn.
manggi ako sa alok niya. I refused his Itaob mo ang mga plato. Turn the
offer. Tinanggihan ko ang mga bin- plates over.
tang niya. I refused his accusations. taón n. year
tánggo n. tango (dance) taóng n/quan. kerosene can
tanggól n. defense • (appoximately five gallon)
magtanggol, itanggol (mag-:i-) v. táong-báhay n. housekeeper,
to defend housewife
tápak 102 tatág
tápa n. jerked beef or pork, dried mo ang mga hindi mo kailangan.
meat Throw out what you don’t need.
tápak – tumapak, tapákan (-um- tápos n. ending, conclusion adv.
:-an) v. to tread on, to lay the foot afterwards •
on, to step on. Tapakan mo ito. Step magtapós (mag-) v. to graduate.
on this. Nagtapos ako sa Dalubhasang Nor-
magtapák (mag-) v. to go barefoot. mal ng Pilipinas. I graduated from
Magtapak tayo bukas. Let’s go bare- Philippine Normal College.
foot tomorrow. tapúsin (-in) v. to finish. Tapusin
tápal – magtapal, itapal (mag-:i-) mo ang ipinagagawa ko sa iyo.
v. to patch, to apply. Itapal mo ito Finish what I’ve asked you to do.
kung masakit ang iyong ulo. Apply tapyás n. facet (as on a precious
this if your head aches. stone) resulting from shipping or
tápang – matapang (ma-) adj. shaping • adj. chipped, trimmed
brave, courageous tarabáho n. work [var. trab´ aho]
tapát n. the place in front, that tárak n. knife or dagger sticking out
which is across adv. in front of • with a sharp end embedded •
tumapat (-um-) v. to stand in nakatarak (naka-) adj. plunged in
front of. Tumapat si Pedro sa akin. as of a dagger
Pedro stood in front of me. itarak (i-) v. to stab with (a knife
magtapat, itapat (mag-: i-) v. to or dagger)
put directly in front. Itapat mo ang tarákan (-an) v. to stab (a person
mesa ko kay Alma. Put my table in or animal) with a knife or dagger.
front of Alma. Tatarakan ni Virgilio ang baboy. Vir-
tapát – matapat (ma-) adj. honest, gilio will stab the pig.
truthful, sincere, loyal • tarantádo Sp adj. a person with
magtapat (mag-) v. to tell the misdirected acts
truth, to be frank, sincere, honest. taráng n. stamping of feet (in pain
Magtapat ka sa akin. Tell me the or anger)
truth. tarangká Sp n. bar or closing-peg
tapáyan n. large earthen jar for wa- across a door or window [var.
ter storage trangk´a]
tapéte n. tablecloth tarhéta Sp n. calling or visiting card
tápi’ n. a piece of cloth usually tartanílya Sp n. round-top two
wrapped around the body or wheeled horse-drawn carriage
wrapped from the waist down. • tása n. cup
magtapi’, itapi’ (mag-: i-) v. to tastás adj. unstitched, detached,
wrap a piece of cloth around the ripped •
body. Itapi mo ang tuwalya. Wrap magtastas, tastasín (mag-:-in) v.
the towel around yourself. to rip what has been sewn. Tastasin
tapiyóka n. tapioca mo ang tahi ng damit. Rip the
tapón n. cork, stopper, plug sewing of the dress.
tápon – tumapon (-um) v. to be taták n. imprint, stamp, seal, mark,
spilled. Tumapon ang gatas. The trademark
milk got spilled. tatág – matatag adj. stable,
magtapon, itapon (mag-: i-) v. to solvent
throw away, to cart aside something. tatág – magtatag, itatag (mag-:i-)
Nagtapon ako ng basura kagabi. I v. to found, to organize, to establish.
threw the garbage last night. Itapon Nagtatag si Cres ng isang samahan.
tatás 103 tíbo’
Cres organized a club. to build, to let stand. Tumayo ka
tatás – matatas (ma-) adj. fluent Pedro. Stand up Pedro.
tátay n. father (term of address and magtayo’, itayo’ (mag-:i-) v. to
reference) stand, to construct, to build, to
tatló num. three let stand. Nagtayo sila ng bahay.
tatsúlok n. triangle They built a house. Itayo mo ang
tatú Eng n. tattoo [var. tat´ o] halaman. Straighten up the plant.
táwa – tumawa (-um-) v. to laugh. táyo pron. we (inclusive, you and I
Tumawa si Rogelio nang malakas. or you, I and others)
Roger laughed loudly. táyog – matayog (ma-) adj. high,
magtawa (mag-) v. to laugh altitude, elevation
continuously táypis Eng n. typist
táwad n. a discount, reduction in téka part. an expression which
price • means ‘just a minute’ or ‘by the
tumawad, tawárin, itawad, way’, derived from hintay ka
tawáran (-um-:-in: i-:-an) v. to téla n. cloth, clothing material
bargain, to ask for a discount. Tu- telebísyon n. television, television
mawad ako. I bargained. Tawaran set
mo ng uno singkuwenta. Try to buy telegráma n. telegram, cable
it for one fifty. telép ono n. telephone
táwag – tumawag, tawágin (-um- temperatúra n. temperature
:-in) v. to call. Tumawag ang tatay téna part. an expression which
mo kanina. Your father called a means ‘let’s go’ or ‘come on’, a
few minutes ago. Tawagin mo si contraction of táyo na
Ernesto. Call Ernesto. ténis Eng n. tennis
magtawág (mag-) v. to call. tentasyón Sp n. temptation [var.
Magtawag ka ng makakasama sa temtasy´on ]
atin. Call (the people) that can go tenyénte Sp n. lieutenant [var.
with us. tininté, tinyénte ]
táwas n. alum ténga n. ear, originally pronounced
tawíd n. crossing, act of crossing or taínga or táynga
going across (a street, river, stretch tengang-dagá’ n. dried black
of country) • mushroom
tumawid, tawirín, itawid (-um-:- teríble Sp n. terrible
in: i-) v. to take across, to help some- térmos Sp n. thermos bottle
one cross the street. Itawid mo ang térno n. woman’s native costume
bulag. Help the blind man across the with butterfly sleeves, formal attire
street. (see s´aya )
tawsí’ Ch n. beans preserved in soy tesuréro/a n. treasurer (mascu-
sauce line/feminine) [var. tesoréro ]
tayá’ n. the ‘it’ in a game • tétano Sp n. tetanus
tumaya’ (-um-) v. to wager, to bet tiának n. folkloric elf or goblin [var.
on. Tumaya kami sa kabayong itim. tiy´anak ]
We bet on the black horse. tíbay – matibay (ma-) adj.
magtaya’, itaya’ (mag-:i-) v. to durable, sturdy, lasting
wager, to bet. Itaya mo ang lahat tibí n. constipation, costiveness
ng iyong salapi. Bet all the money tíbo’ n. splinter of glass •
you have. matibo’ (ma-) v. be splintered by
tayó’ – tumayo’ (-um-) v. to stand, glass. Natibo ang kanyang daliri. His
tibók 104 tindí
finger was splintered by glass. ing pain.
tibók – tumibok (-um-) v. to tíla’ adj. ended, ceased
throb, to pulsate, to beat. Tumibok tilád n. small pieces or bits (from
ang kanyang puso nang nakita niya cutting or chopping)
ang kanyang mahal. Her heart beat tilamsík n. splash (of water), spark
fast when she saw her lover. (of fire, especially from the forge)
tíket n. ticket tiláok n. crowing of rooster
tikím – tumikim, tikmán (-um-:- tilapíya n. tilapia
an) v. to taste, to sample food. Tu- tilí’ n. sudden shrill cry (from fright
mikim si Loly sa niluluto ko. Loly or pain), the cry of the deer.
tasted my cooking. Tikman mo itong tílin n. clitoris
adobo. Taste this adobo. timáwa’ n. freeman, emancipated
tikís adv. on purpose, intentionally slave
tiklíng n. rail bird with long legs timbá’ n. pail, bucket
tiklóp n. fold • timbáng n. weights •
tumiklop (-um-) v. to fold tumimbang, timbangín (-um-:-
magtiklop, tiklupín (mag-:-in) v. in) v. to weigh. Timbangin mo ang
to fold. Tiklupin mo ang mga kumot. mga dadalhin ko. Weigh what I’m
Fold the blankets. going to carry.
tiktík n. spy magtimbang (mag-) v. to weigh.
tigáng adj. extremely dry (soil) Nagtimbang kami kahapon. We
tigás – matigas (ma-) adj. hard, weighed (ourselves) yesterday.
tough, tenacious tímog n. south
tigdás n. measles timplá Sp n. ingredients added or
tigíb adj. filled, overburdened, over- mixed to fill a prescription (in drug
loaded stores), seasoning (in cooking), mix-
tígil – tumigil (-um-) v. to stop, ture
to discontinue, to suspend. Tumigil timpládo Sp adj. moderate, tem-
si Rosy sa kanyang pag-aaral. Rosy pered
stopped her studies. timpí’ – matimpi’ (ma-) adj. con-
magtigil, itigil (mag-:i-) v. to stop, stant, faithful
to discontiue, to suspend. Itigil ang timpí’ – magtimpi’, timpihín
makina. Stop the machine. (mag-:-in) v. to control oneself.
tigmák adj. soaked, drenched, thor- Magtimpi ka. Control yourself.
oughly immersed timtím – matimtiman (ma-an)
tígre Sp adj. tiger adj. constant, faithful
tiháya’ – tumihaya’ (-um-) v. to lie tína’ n. dye, indigo
with face or ventral side up, to lie on tinapá n. smoked fish
one’s back. Tumihaya siya pagkata- tinápay n. bread
pos kumain. He lay on his back after tindá n. goods for sale, merchan-
eating. dise
magtihaya’, itihaya’ (mag-:i-) v. tindáhan (-an) n. store •
to lie with face or ventral side up magtinda, itinda (mag-:i-) v. to
tihéras n. cot sell. Nagtinda si Nenita ng kamatis.
tiís – magtiis, tiisín (mag-:-in) v. Nenita sold tomatoes. Itinda mo
to bear, to suffer, to endure. Nagtiis ang puto. Sell the rice cake.
siya ng katakut-takot na hirap. He tindéro/a n. storekeeper, shop-
endured a great deal of hardship. Ti- owner (masculine / feminine)
isin mo ang hapdi. Endure the sting- tind í n. ponderousness, intensity,
tindíg 105 títser
gravity, heaviness • ical, thrifty, frugal •
matindi (ma-) adj. grave, intense magtipid, tipirin (mag-:-in) v.
ponderous, heavy to use economically, to be thrifty.
tindíg – tumindig (-um-) v. to Magtipid tayo. Let’s spend our
stand up. Tumindig ka. Stand up. money carefully.
magtindig, itindig (mag-:i-) v. to típon – magtipon, tipunin (mag-:-
put in an upright position. Itindig in) v. to collect, to gather together,
mo ang plorera. Stand the flower to store away. Tipunin mo ang mga
vase up. lumang selyo. Gather the old stamps
tiník n. thorn, fishbone • together.
matinik (ma-) adj. thorny tirá – nakatira (naka-) adj. staying
tiniklíng n. a native dance in which at, residing in •
the dancer steps in and out of two tumira (-um-) v. to reside, to dwell.
clapping bamboo poles Tumira ako sa kalye Merced. I lived
tinidór n. fork on Merced Street.
tínig n. voice [syn. b´oses ] tirá n. leftover, reminder •
tinó’ – matino’ (ma-) adj. sane, full magtira, itira (mag-:i-) v. to set
of common sense, sensible aside, as food, for someone. Nagtira
tínta n. ink ako ng makakain para kay Mona. I
tintúra Sp n. tincture left some food for Mona to eat. Itira
tinyénte n. lieutenant mo ang pritong isda kay Judy. Leave
tingá Ch n. foreign matter lodged some of the fried fish for Judy.
between the teeth tiradór Sp n. Y-slingshot
tingalá’ adj. with face looking up- tiránte Sp n. suspenders, reins
ward • tírik – tumirik (-um-) v. to look
patingala’ (pa-) adv. looking up- straight upward, as in a state
ward, with face or front in the up- of delirium. Tumirik ang mata
ward position. ng naghihingalong matanda. The
tingkád – matingkad (ma-) adj. delirious old man’s eyes rolled back
bright (colored) in his head.
tinggá’ n. lead, tin magtirik, itirik (mag-:i-) v. to set
tingí’ Ch n. selling or sold at retail upright (as of candles). Nagtitirik
tingín – tumingin, tingnán (-um- kami ng kandila sa nitso tuwing
:-an) v. to look at, to view. Tumin- Todos Los Santos. We set up candles
gin ka sa kaliwa. Look at the left. on the tomb every All Saints Day.
Tingnan mo ang langit. Look at the tirintás Sp n. braid, pigtail [var.
sky. trint´as ]
tingtíng n. stickbroom, ribs of tirís Sp n. crushing (of lice between
palms thumbnails)
tipák – tumipak (-um-) v. to hit, tísa’ Sp n. roof tile, chalk
win a fortune. Tumipak sina Delfin tísis Sp n. tuberculosis [var. TB ]
sa karera. Delfin and his group made títi’ n. penis
a fortune off the race. títik n. letter of alphabet or
magtipak, tipakin (mag-:-in) v. to abakada, writing, handwriting,
chop off a piece or portion of matter. penmanship
Tipakin mo ang isang bloke ng yelo. títig – tumitig (-um-) v. to stare at.
Chop off a block of ice. Tumitig siya sa akin. He stared at
tipaklóng n. species of grasshopper me.
tipíd – matipid (ma-) adj. econom- títser n. teacher [syn. gur´ o’,
título 106 tsíko
méstro/a (masculine/feminine)] tódo Sp adj. all
título Sp n. title, degree (academic), tóga Sp n. academic gown, judicial
torrens title (for land ownership) robe, cap and gown (for graduation)
tíwa n. intestinal worm tóge n. bean sprouts, mongo shoot
tiwakál – magtiwakal (mag-) v. tólda Sp n. canvas (cloth), tent
to commit suicide. Nagtiwakal ang tóno Sp n. tone, tune
babae sa pamamagitan nang pag- tónsil Lat n. tonsil
talon sa ilog. The woman committed topograpíya Sp n. topography
suicide by jumping into the river. tornílyo Sp n. screw
tiwála’ n. trust, faith, hope • tóro Sp n. bull
magtiwala’ (mag-) v. to have trust tórpe Sp adj. dull, stupid
or confidence in someone. Magtiwala tórta Sp n. omelet
ka sa akin. Trust me. totoó adj. true, as an expression, it
tiwalág – tumiwalag, itiwalag (- means ‘Honestly?; Really?’ [syn. ta-
um- : i-) v. to dismiss, to expel, to re- lag´a, siyangá’ ]
move from. Itiwalag mo si Ruben sa tótoy n. appellation for a small boy
ating grupo. Expel Ruben from our tótso Ch n. sauteed fish with táhuri
group. (soybean curd)
tiwangwáng – nakatiwangwang tóyo’ n. soy sauce
(naka-) adj. widely open, totally trabáho n. work, job, occupation •
exposed (to wind and sun) magtrabaho, trabahúhin (mag-
tiwarík adj. upside down, head :-in) v. to work. Magtrabaho tayo
down, feet up hanggang alas nuwebe ng gabi. Let’s
tiwasáy adj. tranquil work until nine at night.
tiyá n. aunt (term of address and ref- trák n. truck [var. tar´
ak ]
erence) traktór Eng n. tractor
tiyák adj. specific, direct, to the tráhe Sp n. suit of clothes
point transístor Eng n. transistor radio
tiyagá’ – matiyaga’ (ma-) adj. con- tránsper Eng n. transfer
stant, patient, persevering trangkáso Sp n. grippe, influenza
tiyán n. stomach, belly trápo Sp n. cleaning rag, rag
tiyáni’ n. tweezers tráto Sp n. agreement, contract
tiyémpo Sp n. timing, cadence, trayánggulo Sp adj. triangle, trian-
rhythm (specially in music) • gular
matiyempo, tiyempuhán, traysíkel Eng n. tricycle, pedicab
matiyempuhán (ma-:-an : ma-an) treínta Sp adj. thirty [var. trénta ]
v. to find or do something at the trén n. train
precise moment. Tiyempuhan mong trés Sp num. three
narito siya. Do something when he trígo Sp n. wheat
is here. tróno Sp n. throne
tiyó Sp n. uncle (term of address and trópa Sp n. troop
reference) tsa/tsaá Ch n. tea
tokadór Sp n. ladies dressing table tsampáka Sp n. white or orange
with large mirror, a dresser [var. champaka
tukad´or ] tsampurádo Sp n. chocolate-
tokáyo Sp n. namesake, person hav- flavored porridge
ing the same first name as self [var. tsápa Sp n. badge
tuk´ayo] tsáperon Eng n. chaperon
tókwa Ch n. pressed soybean curd tséke Sp n. a bank check
tsinélas 107 tulíg
tsíko n. chico túkod n. prop
tsinélas Sp n. slippers tuksó – mangtukso (manukso),
tsip Eng n. chief tuksuhín (mang-:-in) v. to tease,
tsísmis n. gossip to joke, to jest, to tempt. Baka
tsismóso/a Sp adj. tale-bearing manukso sila. They might tease.
person, a gossip, tattletail (mascu- Tuksuhin natin si Vicky. Let’s tease
line/feminine) Vicky.
tsok Eng n. chalk tuktók n. tap, knock, top, tip, peak
tsóke Sp n. impact, collision • (of head), mountain peak
magtsoke (mag-) v. to collide. tugón n. answer
Nagtsoke ang dalawang kotse. The tugtóg – tumugtog, tugtugín
two cars collided. (-um:-in) v. to play music, to play
tsokoláte Sp n. chocolate adj. on an instrument. Tumugtog ang
brown [syn. kapé, kuyumangg´i ] banda ng mabilis na musika. The
tsónggo n. monkey band played fast music. Tugtugin
tsupér Fr n. driver of a motor vehi- mo sa piyano ang ’Dahil sa Iyo’.
cle, chauffeur Play ’Dahil sa Iyo’ on the piano.
tsupládo/a adj. snobbish, haughty túhod n. knee
(masculine/feminine) túhog – magtuhog, tuhúgin;
T-syert n. T-shirt ituhog (mag-:-in, i-) v. to string
tubá’ n. native drink, palm sap together, to thread. Magtuhog kayo
tubéro n. plumber ng bulaklak. String flowers together.
túbig n. water Tuhugin mo ang mga bulaklak.
tubó n. sugarcane String the flowers together.
túbo’ n. gain, profit, benefit • tulá’ n. poem •
tumubo’ (-um-) v. to grow (plants). tumula’ (-um-) v. to recite a poem.
Tumubo ang itinanim kong rosas. Tumula si Daniel sa programa.
The roses I planted grew. Daniel recited a poem in the
magtubo’ (mag-) v. to gain, profit, program.
earn interest, to grow. Nagtubo ang túlak – tumulak (-um-) v. to
pera ko sa bangko. My money in the leave by boat, to depart by boat.
bank earned interest. Tumulak na ang barko noong kami
tubós – mangtubos, tubusín ay dumating. The boat departed
(mang-:-in) v. to redeem. Tubusin when we came.
mo ang isinangla kong relo. Redeem magtulak, itulak (mag-:i-) v. to
the watch that I pawned. shove, to push. Nagtulak kami ng
tubó – tubuhán (-an) n. sugarcane kotse ni Roger. We pushed Roger’s
plantation or field car. Itulak mo ang kariton. Push the
tuká’ n. bill of a fowl, peck • cart.
tumuka’, tukaín (-um:-in) v. to túlad adj. same as, similar to, like
peck. Tinuka ng ibon ang bayabas. that of
The bird pecked at the guava. tulalá’ adj. stupid, ignorant
mangtuka’(manuka’), tukaín tuláy n. bridge
(mang-:-in) v. to peck tuldók n. period mark
tukláp – magtuklap, tuklapín túli’ Ch n. circumcision adj. (tulí’)
(mag-:-in) v. to detach, to remove circumcised
the skin or covering, to pry. Tuklapin tulíg adj. stunned, bewildered, stu-
mo ang balat ng sampalok. Remove pefied, deafened •
the covering on the tamarind. matulig (ma-) v. to be deafened by
túlin 108 tungkúlin
noise. Natulig siya sa iyak ng bata. eye hit •
She was deafened by the crying of matumbok (ma-) v. to be hit.
the baby. Natumbok ng kotse ang bata. The
túlin – matulin (ma-) adj. fast, boy was hit by the car.
swift, rapid tumbóng n. rectum
tulíngan n. tuna tumpák adj. correct, right, proper
tulís – matulis (ma-) adj. sharp- tumór Sp n. tumor
pointed tumpók n. a heap, a pile, usually
tulisán n. highwayman, brigand serving as a unit of measure for
túlo’ – tumulo’ (-um-) v. to drip. tomatoes garlic, shrimps etc. •
Tumulo ang gripo. The faucet magtumpok, itumpok (mag-: i-)
dripped. v. to make a heap or pile, to pile up.
tulóg adj. asleep, sluggisk Nagtumpok siya ng mga panggatong.
túlog – matulog (ma-) v. to sleep, He piled up the firewood. Itumpok
to go to b ed. Matulog ka nang mo ang mga kamatis. Pile up the
maaga. Go to bed early. tomatoes.
túlong – tumulong (-um-) v. to tunáw adj. melted, liquefied
help, to aid. Tumulong ka sa mga túnaw – matunaw (ma-) v. to
nangangailangan. Help those who melt. Natunaw ang yelo. The ice
are in need. melted.
tulúngan (-an) v. to help. Tulungan magtunaw, tunáwin (mag-:-in)
mo siya. Help her. v. to melt, to dissolve, to digest.
túmag n/adj. dunce, dolt, block- Tunawin mo ang gulaman. Melt the
head gelatin.
túmal n. slowness or dullness (in túnay adj. genuine, true, real
sales or market activity) • tunóg n. sound, noise adj. resound-
matumal (ma-) adj. slow in sales ing, alert
tumána’ n. wide, level highland tunsóy n. adult fimbriated herring
(above water level) tuntóng – tumuntong (-um-) v. to
tumbá – tumumba (-um-) v. to step on, to tread on. Tumuntong ka
fall down, to topple, to tumble. sa batong iyon. Step on that stone.
Tumumba ang kahoy sa lakas ng tuntóng n. pot cover made of clay
hangin. The tree fell down due to tungangá’ – nakatunganga’
the strong wind. (naka-) adj. open-mouthed, as when
magtumba, itumba (mag-: i-) v. one is curious or surprised
to cause something to tumble or tungkód n. cane, a walking stick, a
to be overturned or upset, to push staff •
over. Itumba mo ang mga bote. Push magtungkod, itungkod (mag-:i-)
the bottles over (on their sides). v. to walk with a cane. Nagtungkod
tumbal ík adj. inverted, upside ang matanda. The old man walked
down, reverse with a cane.
tumbás – katumbas (ka-) adj. tungkól prep. (+ sa) regarding,
equal • about, referring to, concerning.
tumumbas, tumbasán (-um:-an) Tungkol sa kanilang usap... About
v. to equal, to counterbalance, to their conversation...
match. Tumbasan mo ang kanyang tungkós n. something wrapped,
itinaya. Match his bet. specially in cloth or leaves, bouquet
tumbók adj. hit right smack on (of flowers), bundle (of leaves, sticks,
(center or near center), i.e. a bull’s vegetables).
tunggá’ 109 tuwálya
tungkúlin n. duty, obligation magturok, iturok (mag-:i-) v. to
tunggá’ – tumungga’, tunggaín (- pierce (with a needle), to give hypo-
um:-in) v. to drink in gulps (drinking dermic injection. Ang duktor ay nag-
wine). Tinungga ni Berting ang alak. turok ng anti-tetanus sa aking kap-
Bert gulped down the wine. atid. The doctor gave my sister an
túngo – tumungo (-um-) v. to go anti-tetanus injection yesterday.
to turón n. fritters in lumpiyá’ (egg
magtungo (mag-) v. to go. Nag- roll) wrapper
tungo kami sa aklatan. We went to turumpó n. toy top
the library. tusíno n. bacon
tungó – tumungo (-um-) v. to bow. túso adj. shrewd, astute, cunning
Tumungo siya. He bowed his head. túsok n. piercing or perforating with
itungo (i-) v. to bow one’s head. a pointed object
Itungo mo ang iyong ulo. Bow your tustádo adj. toasted
head. tustós – magtustos, itustos (mag-
tuós – magtuos, tuusín (mag-:-in) :i-) v. to support financially (e.g.,
v. to make an accounting of, to sending someone to school,giving
settle differences. Magtuos tayo ng some kind of allowance or pension,
ating gastos. Let’s make an ac- regular support). Nagtustos ako sa
counting of ourexpenditures. Tuusin pag-aaral ng kapatid ko. I supported
natin ang pinamili. Let’s settle our my brother’s (sister’s) studies.
accounts on what we bought. tutá’ n. puppy
túpa n. sheep túto – matuto (ma-) v. to learn,
tupád – tumupad, tupar ín (-um-:- to become skillful. Matuto kang
in) v. to comply with, to accomplish magsalita ng Tagalog. Learn to
what is required or agreed upon. speak Tagalog.
Tumupad si Tonio sa kanyang mga tútok n. direction of a point or the
pangako. Tonio complied with his business end of a weapon. •
promises. Tuparin mo ang sinabi tutúkan (-an) v. to stick up (as in
mo. Comply with what you said. a holdup). Tinutukan niya ako ng
tupáda Sp n. picnic, illegal cock- baril. He held me up (with a gun).
fighting tútol n. objection, protest •
tupí’ n. fold, plait tumutol (-um-) v. to object, to
tupok adj. completely burned, protest, to disagree. Tumutol ang
burnt to ashes guro sa balak ng mga estudyante.
turísta Sp n. tourist The teacher disagreed with the
turnílyo Sp n. screw students’ plan.
túrno Sp n. turn, alternation tutóng n. burnt rice sticking to the
túro’ – magturo’, ituro’ (mag-:i-) bottom of the pot
v. to teach, to point to, to point tutsáng Ch n. short hair on a
at. Nagturo ako ng sayaw sa mga woman’s head
trainees. I taught a dance to the tutubí n. dragonfly
trainees. Ituro mo ang gusto mo. tutul í n. ear wax
Teach whatever you like. Point to tuwá’ n. joy, pleasure, gladness •
whatever you like. matuwa’ (ma-) v. to become glad,
turók – magturok, turukán (mag- to be pleased, to be joyful, to be
:-an) v. to be pierced (by a pointed amused. Natuwa ang nanay ko sa
instrument, as a pin, needle or the aking grado. My mother was pleased
like). with my grades.
tuwí’ 110 ug-óg
tuwálya n. towel úbos – ubúsin (in-) v. to consume,
tuwí’ adv. every, each time, always to eat up, to finish off. Inubos namin
• conj. whenever ang ulam. We finished off the main
tuwí conj. (+ ng) whenever, every- dish.
time. Tuwing umaga... Every morn- uká’ adj. dent, hollowed out
ing... úkit – mag-ukit, ukítin (mag-:-in)
tuwíd – matuwid (ma-) adj. v. to carve, to engrave as in sculp-
straight, direct, correct to the point ture. Ukitin mo ang mukha ni Su-
tumuwid (-um-) v. to become sana sa kahoy. Carve Susana’s face
straight, to straighten out. Tumuwid in wood.
ang bakal. The iron straightened úkol n. what the thing is intended
out. for, what is proper for something else
magtuwid, tuwirín, ituwid ukupádo Sp adj. occupied, taken,
(mag-:-in,i-) v. to straighten, to busy
straighten out. Ituwid mo ang udyók – mag-udyok, udyukán
alambre. Straighten out the wire. (mag-:-an) v. to induce, to incite, to
tuyá’ – manuya’ (ma-) v. to be prod. Udyukan mo si Joseng bumili
sarcastic. Nanuya na naman si ng telebisyon. Prod Jose into buying
Gina. Gina became sarcastic again. a television.
mangtuya’ (mang-) v. to be mang-udyok (mang-) v. to induce.
sarcastic or ironical Nang-udyuk si Luisa na biruin si
tuyaín (-in) v. to ridicule. Tin- Berto. Berto was inducing people to
uya ng komentarista ang opisyal tease Bert.
ng pamahalaan. The commenta- úga’ – umuga’ (-um-) v. to shake.
tor ridiculed the officials of the Umuga ang bahay dahil sa lindol.
government. The house shook because of the
tuyó’ n. dried herring or fish earthquake.
tuyó’ adj. (tuyót) dry, extremely mag-uga’, ugáin, iuga’ (mag-:-in,
dry, dehydrated, dried • i-) v. to shake something. Ugain mo
matuyo’ (ma-) v. to dry. Natuyo ang mesa. Shake the table.
na ang mga linabhan. The clothes ugáli’ n. custom, habit, ways
that were washed are dry now. ugát n. root, vein, (malaking ugat -
magtuyo’, tuyuín (mag-:-in) v. to artery)
dry up ugnáy – kaugnay, ugnáyan (ka-:-
tuyót adj. extremely dry an) n. connection, relation •
kaugnay (ka-) adj. connected, re-
lated (to each other)
U mag-ugnay (mag-) v. to relate, to
connect
úban n. gray hair ugók adj. stupid, silly
úbas n. grapes ugód-ugód adj. extremely weak or
úbi n. yam feeble due to sickness or old age [var.
ubó n. cough • uugod-ug´
´ od ]
umubo, ubuhín (-um-:-in-) v. to ug-óg – umug-og (-um-) v. to
cough. Umubo ang bata. The child shake, vibrate
coughed. Baka ubuhin ka. You might mag-ugog, ug-ugín (mag-:-in) v.
start to cough. to shake (a tree or the like) so that
úbod n. soft pith of palm, path of fruits (or contents) should fall out.
coconut trunk Ug-ugin mo ang punong bayabas
ugóy 111 ungkát
kasi maraming hinog na bunga. Ulitin mo ang ginawa mo. Do your
Shake the guava tree for it has many work over again.
ripe fruits. ulirát n. consciousness, sense
ugóy – mag-ugoy, uguyín, i-ugoy úlo n. head
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to swing as done to ulól adj. crazy, foolish, fool, mad
cradles or swings, to rock. Iugoy mo úlsera Sp n. ulcer [var. ´ulser ]
ang duyan. Rock the cradle. último Sp adj. last, final
uháles n. button hole ulupóng n. poisonous snake
úhaw n. thirst • umága n. morning
mauhaw (ma-) v. to become umpisá – mag-umpisa, ump-
thirsty. Nauhaw ako sa init ng isahán (mag-:-an) v. to start, to
panahon. The hot weather made me begin. Nag-umpisa ang program
thirsty. nang maaga. The program began
uháwin (-in) v. to be thirsty early. Umpisahan mo na ang dapat
úhog n. mucous from nose mong gawin. Start what you’re
úlam n. main dish of a meal (viand supposed to do.
as used in the Philippines). umpóg – maumpog (ma-) v. to
ulán n. rain • bump one’s head against something
maulan (ma-) adj. rainy hard unintentionally. Naumpog ang
umulan, ulanín (-um-:-in) v. to bata sa mesa. The child bumped his
rain. Umulan kaninang umaga. It head on the table.
rained this morning. mang-umpog, umpugín (mang-:-
uláng n. lobster in) v. to bump one’s head against
úlap n. cloud, fog, mist • another intentionally or deliber-
maulap (ma-) adj. cloudy ately
úlat n. report, reckoning given, ex- iumpog (i-) v. to bump another’s
planation head against something hard.
uláyaw – pag-uulayaw (pag-) n. úna Sp num. first, prior, earliest •
keeping together in pleasant and mauna (ma-) v. to go ahead, to go
intimate companionship first. Mauna ka na. You go ahead.
kaulayaw (ka-) n. one’s pleasant or únan n. pillow
intimate companion or friend unát adj. straightened out,
ulí’ adv. again, once more. Nahulog stretched out •
siya uli. He fell again. mag-unat, unatin, iunat (mag-
mag-uli’, iuli’ (mag-:i-) v. to re- :-in, i-) v. to stretch, to straighten
vert to a former state. Nag-uli siya or smooth out, to press, to iron.
sa kanyang masamang ugali. He re- Nag-unat siya pagkagising kanina.
verted to his bad habit. He stretched when he woke up.
uliánin adj. forgetful (due to senil- unáwa’ – maunawaín (ma-in) adj.
ity), absent-minded understanding •
ulíla n. orphan umunawa’, unawáin (-um-:-in) v.
úling n. charcoal to understand, to grasp mentally, to
uli-úli n. whirlpool get the idea of. Unawain niyo ang ni-
ulí/ulít adv. again, once more • lalaman ng kuwento. Get the central
umúlit (-um-) v. to repeat, to idea of the story.
renew the action unibersidád Sp n. university
mag-úlit, ulítin (mag-:-in) v. to úniko Sp adj. only, sole, the only one
repeat something. Nag-ulit kami unipórme Sp n. uniform
ng sayaw. We repeated the dance. ungkát – mag-ungkat, ungkatín
unggóy 112 útos
(mag-:-in) v. to bring up again. with another, to converse. Mag-usap
Ungkatin mo ang pinag-usapan tayo nang masinsinan. Let’s talk
kahapon. Bring up what was being heart to heart.
talked about yesterday. usbóng – umusbong (-um-) v.
mang-ungkat (mang-) to sprout, to grow. Umusbong na
unggóy n. monkey ang munggo. The monggo beans
úno Sp num. one Sp sprouted.
unós n. thunderstorm mag-usbong (mag-) v. to develop
untóg n. head bump [var. ump´ og ] úsig n. persecution, assiduous in-
úngal n. howl, cry of cattle in pain, quiry •
hunger or anger usígin (-in) v. to inquire, inter-
úngol n. grumble, growl rogate. Inusig ng abogado ang
úod n. worm nasasakdal. The lawyer interrogated
úpa n. rent, payment for work done, the accused.
wages, renumeration • usísa’ – mag-usisa’, usisáin
umupa, upáhan (-um-:-an) v. to (mag-:-in) v. to inquire. Usisain mo
rent. Umupa kami ng kotse noong si Florencio tungkol sa nangyari.
isang linggo. We rented a car last Inquire from Florencio about what
week. Upahan mo ang bahay nina happened.
Edna. Rent Edna’s house. uslí’ adj. protruding, projecting
úpang conj. in order to, so that. úso n. vogue, style •
...upang mananghali. ...in order to mauso (ma-) v. to be in vogue.
eat lunch. ...upang siya’y malibang. Nauso na naman ang mahabang
...so that he may be cheered. damit. The long dress is in vogue
úpo n. white squash, bottle gourd again.
upó’ – umupo’ (-um-) v. to sit úsok n. fume, smoke
down, to sit on. Umupo kami sa umusok (-um-) to smoke, to give off
bato. We sat on a rock. fumes. Umusok ang kalan. The stove
maupo’ (ma-) v. to sit down. smoked.
Maupo ka. Sit down. us-os n. slipping, sliding down
mag-upo’, iupo’ (mag-:i-) v. to útak n. brain
lay something in a sitting position utál adj. stammering
upós n. cigarette stub or butt adj. útang n. debt •
consumed, down to the butt (as can- umutang (-um-) v. to owe some-
dles, cigarettes, cigars), submerged body a debt or an account, to bor-
urbanidád Sp n. good manners row, to ask for a loan. Umutang ka
úri n. kind, type, class, classification kay Fina. Borrow money from Fina.
úrong – umurong (-um-) v. to step mangutang, utangín (mang-:-in)
back, to retreat. Umurong ang mga v. to get on credit. Nangutang ako sa
kalaban. The enemies retreated. tindahan. I got credit from the store.
mag-urong (mag-) v. to take away útang na loób n. an expression
the dishes from the table which means ’a debt of gratitude’.
iurong (i-) v. to move. Iurong mo utás – mautas (ma-) v. to have
ang mesa sa tabi. Move the table ended or terminated, consummated.
back to the side. Nautas din ang kriminal. The
usá n. deer criminal’s life came at last to an
úsad n. brief movement along the end.
floor by dragging the buttocks utóng n. nipple
úsap – mag-usap (mag-) v. to talk útos n. order, command •
utót 113 walís
mag-utos, iutos, utúsan (mag-:i,- na naman ang relos mo. Your watch
an) v. to command, to give an or- might get misplaced again.
der. Nag-utos ang sarhento sa mga wagwág n. a species of rice grain,
sundalo. The sergeant gave orders to first class rice • n. wag, a wagging
the soldiers. Utusan mo si Sabel sa motion •
palengke. Send Sabel to the market magwagwag, iwagwag (mag-:i-)
(to buy something) v. to dry (wet cloth) by shaking
utusán (-an) n. houseboy, servant, up, to shake the dust off (clothes,
helper, maid floor rugs, etc.), to clean (cloth) of
utót n. break wind, fart dust, soap suds by shaking in water
uto-utó’ adj. foolish, silly, gullible without rubbing. Iwagwag mo ang
uwák n. crow mga damit sa labas. Shake the dust
uwáng n. coconut beetle off the clothes outside.
uwí’ – umuwi’ (-um-) v. to return walá’ part. not any, absent, nothing
home. Umuwi ka agad. Go home • p v. there is none •

(as) early (as possible). mawala’ (ma-) v. to be lost (miss-

mag-uwi’, iuwi’ (mag-:i-) v. to ing), to disappear. Nawala ang
take something home. Mag-uwi ka pitaka ni Henry. Henry’s wallet was
ng makakain. Bring home something lost.
to eat. Iuwi mo na ang bata. Take waláng anumán intj. you’re
the child home. welcome, not at all
uy! intj. say! (an expression of admi- waláng-bísa’ adj. void, ineffective
ration), wow! waláng-hanggán adj. everlasting,
eternal
walanghiyá’ adj. shameless
W waláng lamán adj. empty
waláng-muwáng adj. without
wakás adj. end, conclusion • sense or understanding, ignorant,
magwakas, wakasán (mag-:-an) innocent
v. to end, the final end, to conclude. waláng-pakundángan adj. irrever-
Nagwakas na ang pinakikinggan ent, disrespectful
kong drama. The drama I was wálang-pahintúlot adj. without
listening to ended. Wakasan mo na permission
ang iyong talumpati. Finish your waláng táwad an expression in
speech. sales meaning ‘fixed price’ (literally
waksí – iwaksi (i-) v. to get rid of speaking, no discount/no bargain)
something by jerking away the hand, waláng-tigíl adj. without stopping
foot or body, to renounce. Huwag mo wálay – hiwaláy (hi-) adj. sepa-
akong iwaksi. Don’t renounce me. rated
wakwák adj. ripped or torn vio- wálay – iwalay v. to separate from,
lently (disclosing inner structures). to wean (a baby) from the mother’s
wagás adj. pure, sincere, genuine, breast. Iwalay mo si Totoy at malaki
endless, unfeigned, true na. Wean Totoy because he’s already
wagí’ – magwagi’ (mag-) v. to grown-up.
attain victory, to triumph. Nagwagi wálet Eng n. wallet
ang aking kandidato. My candidate walís n. broom •
won. magwalis, walisín (mag-:-in) v. to
waglít – mawaglit (ma-) v. to be sweep (with a broom). Magwalis ka
misplaced or mislaid. Baka mawaglit ng bahay. Sweep the house. Walisin
waló 114 yáo
mo ang dumi sa balkon. Sweep up
the dirt on the balcony. Y
waló num. eight
Waráy n. familiar reference to y conj. and (a Spanish borrowing
Samar-Leyte language or the people used only with time and sometimes
who speak it with middle names).
wasák – magwasak, wasákin ’y contraction of ay in writing, as in
(mag-:-in) v. to destroy completely, ako’y guró’
to tear down. Wasakin mo ang yabág n. sound of footsteps
pintuan. Smash down the door. yábang – mayabang (ma-) adj.
wastó’ adj. correct, right, proper • pride, arrogance, proud, snob,
magwasto’, wastuín (mag-:-in) v. boastful, conceited
to correct, to make right. Wastuin yabóng – mayabong (ma-) adj.
mo ang mga mali ni Petra. Correct luxuriant
Petra’s errors. yákag – pagyakag n. vocal invita-
watak-waták adj. scattered, tion •
not united, separated, isolated, magyakag (mag) v. to invite people
dispersed locally (to go somewhere). Magyakag
wélga n. a (labor) strike tayo ng mga makakasama. Let’s in-
wéyter Eng n. waiter vite persons who will be able to go
wíka’ Mal n. language with us.
wíli adj. fondness, accustomed, fond yakágin (-in) v. to invite or induce
of. wiling-wil´i ’very much at home’ (someone) to come along or do some-
mawili (ma-) v. to become en- thing. Yakagin mo siyang sumama.
grossed or interested, to desire to Ask him to come along.
continue with an experience because mangyakag, yakágin (mang-:-in)
of its pleasantness, attractiveness v. to invite on the spur of the mo-
or profit. Nawili ako sa pagtutugtog ment. Yinakag nila ako sa bolingan.
ng gitara. I got wrapped up in the They invited me to go bowling.
guitar music. yakál n. yacca tree
wilíg – magwilig, wiligán (mag-:- yákap – yumakap (-um-) v. to
an) v. to sprinkle water (on clothes embrace, to hug. Yumakap siya sa
to be pressed). Wiligan mo ang mga akin. She/he embraced me.
paplantsahin. Sprinkle the clothes to mangyakap, yakápin (mang-:-in)
be ironed. v. to embrace, to hug. Nangyakap
wisík – magwisik, wisikán (mag-:- ang lasing. The drunken (person)
an) v. to spray liquid or sprinkle it began embracing (people). Yakapin
lightly. Wisikan mo ng tubig ang mga mo ang iyong ina. Embrace your
bulaklak nang di malanta. Sprinkle mother.
the flowers with water so they won’t yáman – kayamánan (ka-an) n.
wilt. treasure, wealth, richness •
mayaman (ma-) adj. rich, wealthy
yámang conj. while, as. Yamang
ang sa pagong ay lumaki... While
that of the turtle grew...
yáo – yumao (-um-) v. to leave,
depart, to die. Matagal nang yumao
ang lolo ko. My grandfather died a
long time already.
yaón 115 yúta’
yaón pron/adj. that (which is far bow. Yumuko siya bilang tanda ng
from both speaker and the one kanyang paggalang. He bowed his
addressed to and usually out of head as a sign of respect.
sight) iyuko’ (i-) to bow one’s head
yápak n. tread, footstep, footprint yukód n. bowing one’s head in re-
[syn. t´apak ] • spect or in salute, in humiliation
nakayapák (naka-) adj. barefoot yungíb n. cave
yapós – yumapos (-um-) v. to yupí’ n. dent (as on automobile
embrace, to hug. Yumapos si Lina fenders, guards or bodies) • adj.
sa kaibigan niya. Lina embraced her dented •
friend. mayupi’ (ma-) v. to be dented.
mangyapos, yapusín (mang-:-in) Huwag mong tapakan at baka
v. to embrace, to hug. Yapusin mo mayupi. Don’t step on it or it might
ang iyong kalaro. Embrace your be dented.
playmate. yúrak – yumurak, yurákan (-um-
yamót n. annoyance, boredom • :-an) v. to trample upon (something
mayamot (ma-) v. to be an- or someone) with disregard or disre-
noyed with. Nayamot ang tindera spect. Huwag mong yurakan ang puri
sa mamimili. The seller became ng iyong kasintahan. Don’t trample
annoyed with the buyer. upon the honor of your sweetheart.
yaníg n. tremor yúta’ n. a hundred thousand
yantók n. a species of rattan
yárda n/qnt. yard
yári’ – mayari’ (ma-) to be finished,
to be made
magyari’, yaríin (mag-:-in) v. to
make, to construct, to manufacture,
to finish. Yariin mo na ang tinatahi
mo. Finish your sewing.
yáta’ adv. maybe, it seems, perhaps,
in emphatic form, it connotes defi-
niteness as in ”Johnson yata iyan ”,
meaning it’s Johnson brand (so it is
definitely good).
yáya n. nurse, nursemaid, wet nurse,
governess
yáya’ – magyaya’ (mag-) v. to in-
vite, to induce. Nagyaya silang mag-
boling. They invited (us) to go bowl-
ing.
mangyaya’, yayáin (mang-:-in) v.
to invite. Yayain mo sina Nina. In-
vite Nina and her group.
yelo n. ice
yéma Sp n. yolk (of egg)
yéro n. galvanized iron sheets
yódo Sp n. tincture of iodine
yóyo’ n. yoyo toy
yukó’ – yumuko’ (-um-) v. to