THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

MA 110 - Mathematical Methods I

Tutorial Worksheet 3
© December 2017

1. Write the first four terms of each sequence:

(a) d 0 12, c m dm 1 , m 1 (b) a 1 3, a n an 1 (c) a n n 2 n
1
100
cj 1 n3 27
(d) c 0 2, c j , j 1 (e) a n 2n 1, n 0 (f) a n
j 1 j 2 n 3
jj 1
(g) 5k 2 (h) ln n (i) a n 3 n 1 n
(j) d j 1 2 ,j 1
k 1 n k 1

(k) F 0 1, F 1 1, F n Fn 1 Fn 2, n 2 (This is the Fibonacci sequence)

3
2. (a) How many terms of the sequence 6, 3, 2
, must be added to give a sum of
11 13
16
?
(b) The terms k 4, 5k 4 and k 20 are in a geometric sequence. Find the
values of k.
(c) Find the twentieth term in the sequence; 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, .
1 2 3 19
(d) Find the product of the numbers; 10 10 , 10 10 , 10 10 , , 10 10 .
(e) Insert 5 arithmetic means between 8 and 26.
(f) The second term of a geometric sequence is 4 and the fourth term is 8. Find
the exact values of the common ratio, the first term and the tenth term.
3. Determine if the following sequences are arithmetic, geometric or neither. If
arithmetic, find the common difference d; and if geometric, find the common ratio r.
n 1
(a) 3n 2 1
(b) a n n2 3n 2, n 1 (c) 3 1
n 5 n 1

(d) 1, 1, 1 , 1 , (e) 1, 7, 5, 7, 19, (f) 1, 22, 222, 2222,

3 6 12 24
(g) 0. 9, 9, 90, 900, (h) a n n! , n 0
2
4. Find an explicit formula for the nth term of the following sequences.
(a) 1, 1 , 1 , 1 , (b) 1, 1 , 1 , 1 , (c) 1, 0, 1, 0, (d) 1, 2 , 1 , 4 ,
4 9 16 2 4 8 3 3 27

1
 3 5 7
(e) 27, 64, 125, 216, (f) 1, x , x , x , (g) 3, 5, 7, 9, (h) 1, 2 , 4 , 8 ,
3 5 7 3 5 7
5. (a) How many terms of the arithmetic sequence; 24, 22, 20, are needed to give a
sum of 150?
(b) Three numbers are in the ratio 2 : 5 : 7. If 7 is subtracted from the second, the
resulting numbers form an arithmetic sequence. Determine the original
numbers.
(c) Determine the arithmetic progression whose sum to n terms is given by
formula s n n 2 2n. List at least the first four terms.
(d) A lady gets a job with a salary of K60, 000 a year. She is promised an annual
increment of K2, 300 for each subsequent year. Find her total earnings for a
10-year period.
(e) A ball is dropped from a height of 10 metres. On each bounce the ball bounces
to three quarters of the height of the previous bounce. Find the distance
travelled by the ball before it comes to rest (if it does not move sideways).
81
(f) The second term of a Geometric Progression is 3 and the fifth is 8
. Find the
eighth term.
6. (a) The numbers 3, x, x 6 form the first 3 terms of a positive geometric
sequence. Find
(i) The possible values of x (ii) The tenth term of the sequence.

(b) How many terms of the arithmetic sequence 9, 11, 13, must be added in
order that the sum should equal the sum of the nine terms of the geometric
sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, ?
(c) Insert two geometric means between 686 and 2.
7. Rewrite the sum using the summation notation
(a) 8 11 14 17 20 (b) 2 3 4 5 6 (c) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 3 4 3
(d) 1 2 4 2 29 (e) 2 3 4 5 6 (f) 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 4 3 4 9 25 36
(g) 3 4 5 5 (h) 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 15 4 9 16 400
2 3 4
x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5
(i)
2 4 6 8
8. Find the following sums
9 8 51 11
k
(a) 5k 3 (b) 2k 2 k (c) 3k 5 (d) 15 2
3
k 1 k 3 k 1 k 1

2
 5 100 5
k k 1 ! 1 k 1
(f) 2k (g) 1 (h) (e)
k! 2
k 0 k 1 k 1 k 1

(j) 1 2 4 8 (i) 6 3 3 3
3 9 27 81 2 4
3
9. (a) If 1 2x 4x 2 4
, find the value of x.
(b) If u k 3 4k and v k 12 3k, find the value of
10 10
(i) 3u k 4v k (ii) ukvk
k 1 k 1

10. Using the geometric progression series to express the following repeating decimals
as fraction of integers
(a) 0. 7 (b) 0. 13 (c) 10. 159 (d) 5. 867 (e) 1. 123 (f) 0. 36 (g) 2. 37

11. Write the expansion of each of the following

3 6 5
(a) 2a b (b) x2 3y (c) 1 2x
7
7 n 5 x y 5
(d) 1 x (e) ax by (f) 3x (g) y x
x2
12. Expand each of the following, stating the range of values for which the expansion is
valid;
(a) 1 p 3 (b) 1 3x (c) 1 (d) 1 2x 3
1

1 x
1 4 6 4
(e) 2 3y 7 (f) 1 3x 3
(g) 1 5z 5
(h) 3 6y 3

13. Find the specified terms in each of the following expansions:

7
(a) 1 2y 8 ; 6th term (b) 2a b 11
; 7th term (c) x3 1 ; 4th term
x2
(d) 2x 3 ; 4th term (e) 2x y n; r 1 th term

14. Find the middle term in the expansion of each of the following;
6
(a) x 1 (b) 2x y 10
(c) 1 x 8
x

15. Using the Binomial Theorem, evaluate each of the following;

4 4 3 3
(a) 101 (b) 99 (c) 1. 02 (d) 0. 98
5
16. (a) State the condition under which the expasion of x 2y will be valid in
(i) ascending powers of x. (ii) ascending powers of y.
(iii) write down the expansion in each case.

3
 3 3
(b) Simplify 1 2 1 2 leaving the answer in surd form if
appropriate.
17. Find the value of each of the following up to three decimal places;
(a) 1. 01 3 (b) 0. 97 4 (c) 4 82 (d) 1
24
1 1
Hint : 4
82 3 1 1 4
and 1 25 1 2
81 24

18. Assuming x to be so small that x 2 and higher powers of x can be neglected, find the
approximation of;
1
2
5
2
2 1 x 3
1 5x
(a) 3 2x (b) 1 3x 3
1 5x (c)
4 16x

19. (a) The coefficient of x 2 in the expression of 2 x 3 bx 3

is 45. Find the
possible values of the constant b.
1 3
(b) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x 2 2x
.
1
(c) Show that the first three terms in the expansion of 1 8x 4
in ascending
1 5x
powers of x of are the same as the first three terms in the expansion of 1 3x
.
Hence, use the corresponding approximation
1
1 5x
1 8x 4 .
1 3x
1
to obtain an approximation to 1. 16 4
as a fraction in its lowest terms.
(d) Show that, if x is small enougth for its cube and higher powers to be
neglected, then
1 x 1 x x2 .
1 x 2
1 83
Hence, by putting x 8
, show that 7 2 128 .
(e) Show using the Binomial Theorem that
n n n n
2n
0 1 2 n
How can this result be used to prove that a set with n distinct elements has 2 n
subsets?
n
(e) If the first three terms in the expansion of 1 kx in the ascending powers of
2
x are 1 6x 33x2 , find the values of k and n.
20. Find the partial fraction decomposition of each the following:

4
 2
(a) 2x (b) 7x 43 (c) 11x 3 5x 2 10 (d) x 1
2 2
x 1 3x 19x 14 5x 5x x 2 3x 2
3
(e) x (f) x 3 4x 2 2x 5 (g) 2x 2 20x 68
x2 2 2 2
x 4x 4 x 4x 2 4x 16
3

(h) 5x 4 34x 3 70x 2 33x 19 (i) 3x 1 (j) 3x 2 2x 5

x 3 2 2
x x x 12 x 1 x2 5
20x 84 x2 1 5x 4 3 x2 3
(k) (l) (m) (n)
x 5 x2 9 x 2 3 x 1 x 2 2 x 1 x 2
(o) 2x 4 4x 3 42 2
(p) 5x 3 2x 2 (q) 4 1
2
(r) x 22x 18
x 2 x2 3 x 1 x 9 xx 3 2

21. Using the principle of mathematical induction, prove that the following hold for any
natural number n:
n n 1 2n 1 nn 1
(a) 1 2 2 2 3 2 . . . n 2 (b) 1 2 3 . . . n
6 2
(c) 1 3 5 ... 2n 1 n2 (d) 2 4 8 . . . 2n 2 2n 1
n 3n 1 3 3n 1
(e) 1 4 7 ... 3n 2 (f) 3 9 27 . . . 3 n
2 2
nn 1 n 2
(g) 1 2 2 3 ... n n 1
3
(h) 1 1 1 ... 1 n
1 2 2 3 3 4 nn 1 n 1

(i) 1 1 1 ... 1 n
1 3 3 5 5 7 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1

22. Express the following into partial fractions. Hence, or otherwise, expand is
ascending powers of x as far as the term in x 2 . State the set of values of x for which
each expansion is valid.
(a) 8x 4 (b) 2x (c) x2 1
1 x x 2 2 2
x 1 xx x 12

23. For every natural number n, prove that

(a) 3 2n 1 is divisible by 8 (b) n 2 n is divisible by 2.
(c) n 3 5n is divisible by 6 (d) 4 divides n 4 2n 3 n2 .
(e) x n 1 is divisible by x 1 (f) n 3 2n is divisible by 3.
n n
(g) 9 1 is divisible by 4 (h) 5 1 is divisible by 4.

24. Prove that the following inequalities hold for any natural number n:
(a) 3 n 2n 1 (b) 4 n 4n (c) 5 n 5n 1 (d) 4 2n 15n

(e) 2 n n 2 for n 5 (f) 1 1 1 13 for n 1

n 1 n 2 2n 24