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Kye Notes Unit3

1. The document provides key notes on partial differentiation and its applications from the Engineering Mathematics-I course at DEOGIRI Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad. 2. It contains definitions of concepts like the Jacobian, properties of the Jacobian, maxima and minima of functions of two variables, Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers, and Taylor and Maclaurin series for functions of two variables. 3. The document provides examples and long answer questions to help students understand these concepts which are useful for competitive exams in engineering.

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43 views

Kye Notes Unit3

1. The document provides key notes on partial differentiation and its applications from the Engineering Mathematics-I course at DEOGIRI Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad. 2. It contains definitions of concepts like the Jacobian, properties of the Jacobian, maxima and minima of functions of two variables, Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers, and Taylor and Maclaurin series for functions of two variables. 3. The document provides examples and long answer questions to help students understand these concepts which are useful for competitive exams in engineering.

Uploaded by

atharva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIEMS

MSPM’S

DEOGIRI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT


STUDIES, AURANGABAD

DEPARTMENT OF BASIC SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-I

Unit-3:Application of Partial Differentiation

KEY NOTES

BSH 1
DIEMS

Introduction:

This unit is useful for Competitive exams like as IES, GATE, MPSC, UPSC.

Content: Definition of Jacobian, Properties of Jacobian, Maxima and Minima of Function,


Lagrange’s Method of Undetermined multipliers, Taylor’s and Maclaurin series for function of
two variables.

“It is Magic until you


understand it,
and it is
“Mathematics”
thereafter”.
-Bharati Krishana

BSH 2
DIEMS

Basics required to study:

BSH 3
DIEMS

BSH 4
DIEMS

BSH 5
DIEMS

BSH 6
DIEMS

BSH 7
DIEMS

BSH 8
DIEMS

BSH 9
DIEMS

BSH 10
DIEMS

Long Answer Questions

❖ TO FIND JACOBIAN OF GIVEN FUNCTION:


1. Find the Jacobian of u = x 2 − y 2 , v = 2 xy .
2. Find the Jacobian of u = x 2 − 2 y, v = x + y + z, w = x − 2 y + 3
3. Find the Jacobian of u = cos x, v = sin x cos y, w = sin x sin y cos z
4. If x = vw , y = wu , z = uv find  ( x, y, z ) .
u v w  ( u , v, w )

5. If u = x + 2 y 2 − z 3 , v = 2 x 2 yz, w = 2 z 2 − xy then evaluate  ( u, v, w ) at (1, −1,0 )


 ( x, y , z )
6. If x + y + z = u , y + z = uv , z = uvw then prove that  ( x, y, z ) = u 2v
 ( u , v, w )
7. If u = 2 xy , v = x 2 − y 2 , x = r cos , y = r sin  then evaluate  ( u , v ) .
 ( r , )

8. If x = vw , y = uw , z = uv & u = r sin  cos  , v = r sin  sin  , w = r cos find  ( x, y, z )


 ( r , ,  )
9. If x = a ( u + v ) , y = b ( u − v ) & u = r 2 cos 2 , v = r 2 sin 2 find  ( x, y )
 ( r , )
10. If x = r cos , y = r sin  , z = z evaluate  ( x, y, z )
 ( r , , z )
11. If u = x − 2 y , v = 2 x − y where x = r cos , y = r sin  show that  ( u, v )
2 2 2 2
= 6r 3 sin 2
 ( r , )
12. If u = e x cos y, v = e x sin y where x = lr + sm, y = mr − sl verify  ( u, v )   ( x, y ) =  ( u, v )
 ( x, y )  ( r, s )  ( r, s )
❖ USING PROPERTY OF JACOBIAN:
1. If x = e +i , y = e −i then show that JJ ' = 1
2. Show that JJ ' = 1 if x = ev sec u , y = ev tan u .
3. Show that JJ ' = 1 if x = e cos , y = e sin 
4. If x = u(1 − v) , y = uv prove that JJ ' = 1
5. If x = uv , y = u show that JJ ' = 1
v
6. If r = x 2 + y 2 ,  = tan −1  y  show that JJ ' = 1
 
x
7. If x = v + w , y = u + w , z = u + v then show that JJ = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 '

❖ MAXIMA & MINIMA OF FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES:


1. Examine the function x3 + y 3 − 3axy for maxima & minima where a0
2. Discuss the maxima & minima of x3 y 2 (1 − x − y )
3. Discuss the stationary values of function x 2 + y 2 + ( 30 − x − y )2
4. Examine for maximum & minimum values of sin x + sin y + sin ( x + y )

BSH 11
DIEMS

5. In a plane triangle ABC find the maximum value of cos A cos B cos C
6. Find the points on the surface z 2 = xy + 1 at least distance from the origin.
7. Divide 120 into three parts so that the sum of their products taken two at a time shall be max.
8. Find maximum and minimum values 2sin  x + y  cos  x − y  + cos x + y
    ( )
 2   2 
9. Find maximum and minimum value of x + y + 6 x + 12
2 2

❖ LAGRANGES METHOD OF UNDETERMIND VARIABLE:


1. Use Lagrange’s method to find the minimum distance from the origin to the plane
3x + 2 y + z = 12
2. Divide 24 into three parts that the continued product of first, square of the second & cube of
third may be maximum.
3. A rectangular box open at the top is to have volume of 256 cubic feet, determine the
dimensions of the box required least.
4. Find the maximum value of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , given that ax + by + cz = p
5. As the dimensions of ABC are varied, show that the maximum value of cos A cos B cos C is
obtained when the triangle is equilateral.
6. Find the volume of greatest rectangular parallelepiped that can be inscribed in the ellipsoid
x2 y 2 z 2
+ + =1
a 2 b2 c 2
7. Find the maximum and minimum distance of the point ( 3,4,12 ) from the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
8. Find the maximum value of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 when x + y + z = 3a
9. Find the dimensions of the largest rectangular parallelepiped that has three faces in the co-
ordinate planes and one vertex in the plane x + y + z = 1
a b c
10. Find the maximum value of x y z when x + y + z = a
m n p

BSH 12
Unit –IV Application of Partial Differential Equation

Q 01).The functions u and v are functionally dependent if


𝝏(𝒖,𝒗)
1. =0
𝝏(𝒙,𝒚)
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
2. 2. ≠0
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
3. 3. =
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
4. 4. None of these
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
Q 02). If u & v are the functions of r, s & r, s are the functions of x, y then, =
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)

𝝏(𝒖,𝒗) 𝝏(𝒓,𝒔)
1. ×
𝝏(𝒓,𝒔) 𝝏(𝒙,𝒚)
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
2. ×
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕(𝑟,𝑠)
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕(𝑟,𝑠)
3. ×
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕(𝑟,𝑠)
4. ×
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)

  u , v    x, y 
Q 03).  is equal to
  x, y    u , v 

1.-1
2. 1
3.0
4. None
Q 04). The function f ( x, y)  2 x 2  2 xy  y 3 has

1. only one stationary point at (0,0)


2. two stationary points at (0,0) and (1/6,1/3)
3. two stationary points at (0,0) and (1,-1)
4. no stationary points
Q 05). The Jacobian for the function u  e x sin y , v  ( x  log sin y) is

1.1
2.-1
3.0
ex
4.
x
  x, y 
Q.06). If x=uv, y=u/v then is
  u, v 

2u
1.
v
2v
2.
u

3.0
4.1
Q 07). If the function u,v,w of three independent variables x,y,z are not independent then
the Jacobian of u,v,w w.r.t to x,y,z is always equal to
1. 1
2. 0
3.∞
4.Jacobain of x,y,z w.r.t u,v,w
Q 08) . the function f ( x)  10  x6

1. is decreasing function of x
2.has minimum at x=0
3.has neither a maximum nor a minimum at x=0
4.none of these
Q 09). If the sum of three numbers is constant then product will be maximum when the
numbers are
1. unequal
2. equal
3. not defined
4. none
(u, v, w)
Q 10). If u  x 2  2 y, v  x  y  x, w  x  2 y  3z then
 ( x, y , z )

1. 10x+4
2.12x+8
3.2x+5
4. none
Q.11) The first two terms of Maclaurins series expansion of f ( x, y)  e x sin y is

1. y+xy
x2
2. xy 
2

3. 2x 2 y  xy

4. none of these

Q 12). The second term of Taylors series expansion of f ( x, y )  e xy at (1,1) is

1.e
2. e ( x 1)  ( y 1)

e2
3.
2
4. none of these
Q 13). The minimum value of the function f ( x, y)  x3  y 3  3xy is

1. -1
2.1
3.2
4. none
Q 14). The max value of the function f ( x, y)  2  2 x  2 y  x 2  y 2 is

1. 2
2. -2
3. 4
4. 1
Q 15). The stationary point of the function f ( x, y)  2  2 x  2 y  x 2  y 2 is

1.(2,1)
2.(1,1)
3.(-1,1)
4.none
Q 16). A point at which f(x,y) is neither maximum nor minimum is called
1. maximum point
2. minimum point
3. saddle point
4.none
 (u , v )
Q 17).. If u  x2  y 2 , v  2 xy then is equal to
 ( x, y )

1. 4  x 2  y 2 

2. 4x
3. 4 y

4. none of these

Q. 18). For function f)x,y( to have minimum value at )a,b( value,


a( rt – s2>0 and r<0
b( rt– s2>0 and r>0
c( rt– s2<0 and r<0
d( rt– s2>0 and r>0
Answer: b

Q. 19). For function f)x,y( to have maximum value at )a,b(,


a( rt– s2>0 and r<0
b( rt– s2>0 and r>0
c( rt– s2<0 and r<0
d( rt– s2>0 and r>0
Answer: a
Q. 20 ) Discuss minimum value of f )x,y(=x2 + y2 + 6x + 12
a) 3
b) 3
c) -9
d) 9
Answer: b

Q 21). Discuss maximum or minimum value of f)x,y( = y2 + 4xy + 3x2 + x3


a( minimum at )0,0(
b( maximum at )0,0(
c( minimum at )2/3, -4/3(
d( maximum at )2/3, -4/3(
Answer: c

Q 22).Which of the following statement is true.If J&J* are Jacobian and its inverse
jacobian respectively.
A( J= J*
B) J.J*=0
C) .J*=1
D) J.J*<1
Ans. c

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