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Midterm782 2003

This document contains a midterm exam for a digital image processing course. It consists of 5 questions covering topics like: [1] identifying image transformations based on histograms, [2] describing the Sobel edge detection operator, [3] matching morphological image processing expressions and operations, [4] proposing an algorithm to identify and sort objects in an image, and [5] displaying an image correctly in grayscale and true color based on available color information.

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32 views

Midterm782 2003

This document contains a midterm exam for a digital image processing course. It consists of 5 questions covering topics like: [1] identifying image transformations based on histograms, [2] describing the Sobel edge detection operator, [3] matching morphological image processing expressions and operations, [4] proposing an algorithm to identify and sort objects in an image, and [5] displaying an image correctly in grayscale and true color based on available color information.

Uploaded by

younisyoumna01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMG-782 Introduction to Digital Image Processing


Midterm Examination
Fall Quarter 2003
Closed book and notes. Calculators are approved. Answer all questions.

1. The diagram at the right contains several curves that could be used
to transform the brightness values of a monochrome image by the
operation B = T [A] where A and B are image arrays. Shown below
are four pairs of histograms. Identify the transformation curve best
associated with each pair and write the letter in the space in the
center column.

Input image histogram Transform Output image histogram


2. The Sobel operator computes the following quantity at each location (x, y) in an image array, A:

Gx [j, k] = (A[j + 1, k + 1] + 2A[j + 1, k] + A[j + 1, k − 1]) − (A[j − 1, k + 1] + 2A[j − 1, k] + A[j − 1, k − 1])


Gy [j, k] = (A[j − 1, k − 1] + 2A[j, k − 1] + A[j + 1, k − 1]) − (A[j − 1, k + 1] + 2A[j, k + 1] + A[j + 1, k + 1])
G[j, k] = |Gx [j, k]| + |Gy [j, k]|

The position of A[j, k] is column j and row k of the array.


The operation is implemented as the convolution of the image array A with two masks, Mx and My followed by the
magnitude operation.

(a) Write a 3 × 3 array for each mask, Mx and My .


(b) What mathematical operation on an image array is approximated by the Sobel operator? Show how the Sobel
operator is related to the mathematical operation.
3. Answer the following questions about morphological image processing.

(a) Shown below are two tables with expressions that relate to binary morphological image processing. Associate each
expression in the left table with one from the right table.

a A−B 1 {w|w = −b, for b ∈ B}


T
b B̂ 2 {z|(B̂)z A 6= ∅}
Answers
c A⊕B 3 (AT⊕ B) B
a b c d e f
d A B 4 A Bc
e A◦B 5 (A B) ⊕ B
f A•B 6 {z|(B)z ⊆ A}

(b) A well-known morphological algorithm uses the following iteration with a structuring element B.

(1) Initialize X[p]T= 1 for some pixel p ∈ A


(2) Y = (X ⊕ B) A
(3) If Y 6= X then set X = Y and repeat (2)

An original set A is shown in (A) and an initial pixel p ∈ A is shown in (B). The result after one iteration of the
algorithm with structuring element  
0 1 0
B= 1 1 1 
0 1 0
is shown in (C).

Fill in the result of the next two iterations by marking the appropriate pixels for the set Y in (D) and (E).

In frame (F) show the result for Y that would be reached after a large number of iterations.
4. A certain inspection application gathers black &
white images of parts as they travel along a con-
veyor belt. It is necessary to sort the parts into
two categories: parts with holes and parts with-
out holes. An example of an image that might be
taken by the inspection camera is shown at the
right.

Propose a method to identify and locate the ob-


jects of each category in the image so that they
can be picked up by a robotic system and placed
in different bins. Assume that the imaging system
knows where each image pixel is located on the
conveyor belt at every point in time.

Provide an annotated flow chart of the algorithm


you propose.
5. An image array A and associated color vectors is acquired from a file fname and displayed in color with the following
commands: (You may use IDL statements in your answer or otherwise explain how to construct the results.)

A=Read_Image(fname,rr,gg,bb)
sa=Size(A,/dimensions)
Window,1,xsize=sa[0],ysize=sa[1]
Device,Decomposed=0
TVLCT,rr,gg,bb
TV,A

(a) A person wants to see the image as a grayscale display, and does the following:

Loadct,0 ;Load the BW Linear Palette


TV,A ;Display the image
The result is all blotchy and bad looking. Explain what is wrong and devise a method to use the available infor-
mation to construct an array B that will display the image correctly in grayscale when used in the following:

Device,Decomposed=0
Loadct,0
TV,B
(b) Another person wants to display the image in color using a true color display. Devise a method to use the available
information to construct an array C that will display correctly in true color when the following commands are
issued.

Device,Decomposed=1; Put the display in the true color mode


TV,C,True=1 ;Display in true color. Note the True=1 direction

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