IJEEE Volume 5 • Number 1 • January-June 2013 pp.

81-84 ISSN: 0973-7383

MATLAB/SIMULINK Based Oven Temperature Control

through Simulation Studies using PIDC
Dr. H.K. Manjunatha Reddy
Associate Professor, Department of Electronics, Government First Grade College,
Shikaripura, Shivamogga(dt), Karnataka, India.

Abstract: In the present study, transfer function of Oven Temperature system obtained through
mathematical modelling is implemented through MATLAB/SIMULINK model for temperature
control. MATLAB/SIMULINK software provides basic blocks and direct tuning facilities through
block parameters and does not require programming for simulation studies. PID controller is
implemented for the oven temperature control and the step input response is obtained.
Key Words: Oven Temperature Control, MATLAB/SIMULINK model, PID Controller, Simulation.

1. INTRODUCTION
Temperature control based systems are widely used at home, educational/research institutes,
industries etc. For precise temperature control and performance of the system, computerized design
and analysis through simulation studies are carried out continuously using different software.
Simulation studies requires mathematical model of the system. The mathematical model refers to an
abstract model expressed in mathematical form to describe the behaviour of the system. It describes
the system by a set of variables and equations that establishes the relationship between them. It can
be obtained in differential equations, transfer function or state space form. PID controller is
implemented in the present simulation studies using standard step input.

2. Mathematical Model of Oven Temperature Control using PID Controller

In the simulation studies of oven temperature control system, MATLAB/SIMULINK software
us used as it comprises dynamic simulink tools and graphic facilities which ease the process of design
and analysis. Modelling of conductive type oven temperature system using heater coil is considered in
the present studies.
Rate of heat flow of from the coil in terms of temperature is given by;
Θ = α ΔT
where Θ – rate of heat flow(joule/sec)
ΔT – change in temperature(0C)
α – proportionality constant
For linear variations in temperature, the thermal resistance of the heating system is given by;
R = Θ / ΔT
and the thermal capacitance of the mass is given by;
Θ = 𝐶 𝑑(ΔT)/𝑑𝑡
Where, C = Rate of heat flow/ Rate of temperature change
The equation for oven temperature is expressed as follows;
Θ = 𝐶 𝑑(ΔT)/𝑑𝑡 + R‟ T
at t=0, T = Tamb
Laplace Transform of the above expression is obtained as follows;

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IJEEE Volume 5 • Number 1 • January-June 2013 pp. 81-84 ISSN: 0973-7383

𝑇 𝑠 𝑅 𝑠
=
𝑄 𝑠 1 + 𝑠𝐶𝑅
Transfer Function of a widely used Proportional-Integral-Derivative(PID) Controller is given by;
𝐾𝑖
𝐺𝑐 = 𝐾𝑝 + [ + 𝐾𝑑 𝑠 ]
𝑠
𝐾𝑖
𝐺𝑐 = 𝐾𝑝[1 + + 𝑇𝑑 𝑠 ]
𝑇𝑖(𝑠)
where kP, ki and kd are proportional, integral and derivative constants.
The simulation model of an Oven Temperature control system using PID controller is obtained as
follows using MATLAB software.
The transfer function corresponding to oven temperature system is incorporated in the simulink block
is obtained by drag and drop method. PID block which includes the transfer function in simulink tools
is obtained by drag and drop method. The standard step test-input signal block is obtained from the
source block. Oven temperature system, PID controller and step test-input blocks along with scope,
MUX and summing blocks are connected as shown in fig.2 using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Standard step test-input signal and the temperature of the oven are connected to summing amplifier to
produce an error signal. The set temperature and the temperature of the oven are connected to the
scope through MUX block.

Fig.2: Simulink block diagram of Oven Temperature Control using PID Controller

3. METHODOLOGY
The error signal is produced at the output of the summing block by comparing Step test-input signal
and the measured temperature of the oven. The error signal is then fed to the PID controller. The PID
controller parameters i.e., proportional gain(K p), derivative gain(Kd) and integral gain(Ki) are adjusted
and are fine tuned to obtain optimum control action for the desired output. The output response curves
of the step test-input signal and variations in the oven temperature are obtained through the scope. A

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IJEEE Volume 5 • Number 1 • January-June 2013 pp. 81-84 ISSN: 0973-7383

step test-input of 1000 C is set as input in the step input block. The fine tuned values of PID controller
ie., (Kp), (Kd) and (Ki) are shown in table.1.

Table.1: Tuned values of PID Controller

(Kp) (Ki) (Kd)
8.5 0.25 2.83

Step input response curve of the Oven Temperature control system obtained through scope of the
simulink block and graph plotted through obtained reading is shown in fig.3 and fig.4 respectively.
100

90

80

Temperature(in degrees)
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (in sec)

Fig.3: Response Curve using Scope Fig.4: Response Curve through Graph

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Transient response of an oven temperature system, using PID controller i.e., rise time, settling time
and steady state error obtained through simulation studies is mentioned in table.2. The rise time of
22secs and settling time of 50secs is achieved. The steady state error is around 1.5o C. The measured
values show faster rise time and settling time as compared to simulations through other software
platforms.

Table.2: Transient response values of the system for step response

Input-test Step Rise Settling Steady
Signal Value Time Time State Error
STEP 1000 C 22 secs 50 secs 1.5o C

5. CONCLUSION
Oven temperature system modelling and simulation study are successfully carried out using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software. MATLAB based simulation techniques are easier and quick for
simulation studies as this platform user friendly. Simulation studies of the other systems can be easily
carried out once its transfer function model is obtained. Implementation of the modern controllers
such as fuzzy and integrated fuzzy will lead for better performance of the system.

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REFERENCES
1. Ahmet Altintas and Mehmet Emin GUVEN, „Dynamic simulations and animations of the
classical control techniques with linear transformations‟, GU Journal of Science, 20(3), 69-77,
2007.
2. K J Astrom and T. Hagglund, “PID Controller: Theory, Design and Tuning”, 2e,
Instrumentation Society of America, 1995.
3. Ogata K, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall, 2010.
4. Manjunatha Reddy H.K, Parvathi C.S. and P. Bhaskar, “Simulation studies of Faulhaber DC
Micromotor for Position Contol”, DRDO sponsored National Conference on Advanced
Electronics and Communication Technology, p131-133, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal, Karnataka.

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