esta Chertee 4 Comfux —_ Numfees REAL IMAG WARY Fokeh Recall Solve 2? + dure = B cvercone thie problem, wd (or jin engnceing) such bab ExERCiSE gts es a.) Repeck with" htee 21, 2,8, 3) Soke at eteo i. BF ge PRSHERS Dy 5 Betas (nied , ite at ° weg Oe guide firvula z= -bs(¥toe aa yr wok itt ne qo an ingen cule C. lit or 1) Gorply iS, if, ele abil yr 90 te poten 1320 HBL OMNES hie niedatt Je So (2H? + $0 @ry= ¢é? ft = 426 2+ 44-1The Cemplen Beanber sto C conte of gare! complex mumbers 2 where Jeeur zER yeR| Ths 1s be real-imaginay fom fp sce 2 5 he wal pod of 2, te 22 k@, | ys be rely imapnag it f 2, 22 ye In(2) a x call part real males” gj called 4 pre _imagiray number Lxcamnples Ze 9+ 6 kele)e 2 In Qe © 27 4% MQ-0 , In@ 3 z- 4 : hee , Inf = 0 WAGINARY far OF 2 IS A _KeAL__NUMBER - 1s DST We CoetectesT OF KxAu Pues 1) (a-Si) 4-H) 2 5-78 12.) (842i) -G- Fe) <-2444 3.) (e14i)(3-5i) = -Ze5i ti Bi yt = -4tbits = 26lee zs 2+iy we UFin Then : } | 2twe G+ |2-w = feria) (utis) © (-u) +i ( Te folens but Re (ean) = Rele) + Ce (w) and 4mletu) = 4m (2) t Sm (w) 1500, _malgly ep & bution by be ery ad f tre dhreminabor it Be comple umber ebtaned by by changing he sign ¢ be imaginay perk only U2 - iad + iw - v2 (ex ey) + ulya-zv) ge w tv a | Tus | 2. 1 i “3 | la eee {(cmcaye) elye wt} ole thal, 42+s? is nen 20, unless both u tu ae beth zero = yo uddteed which "isnot pusclle sinceExamPues 1) Stae . Stave lege 2.) Prd 2 abi, Zeye i 30 (30 74 3e 3-H she 34% 2 6 +ii-12 q+ie ~ | fica: frcn's A (aes) TE @ 10 Cprigh® _ (prigh (pig)? (prigy® ia de (prig)? -(p-ig) (pe ig Reall (2b)* = ath* (p-igy* (ptig)® sig) - (-ig)t [ip-a) (yeig) I = Apts tehige cptigtetpitgtacgt ( [preq’lGenyuqation is So inerbanl thal Wee mir s [Ze x4 bombs Ze ut Se 14 . Z-sth o> 3 % has nelaben ike own fren tre complex conygate 2 (® bar) Clearly, - 2B: tty is meal & posibre Cor 240) 1 loving This etsy b prove be flowing (iu) - 34 mR = Bw Phe es @ = lek Ze aty 2 weutiv Ris dus: (2tw) = [erig)s ew] Bad = (x-iy) + (u-w) = eed) ily) eke! = us ele!Check the. Tpbotibes as 7 ze B= 2 2s prered 22 sautro (eo f ed) pte INQ! 22 is real 2 noone ve Pe coy amp number 2 Examples 5 She (witrout breaking 4) 2+ RZ = bev Selutien z+ UE © conjugate + -42trz~ T.Q. 2-6 - Ising Cramer's fle Z= Vv oe Metrod 2 bh sohe fr 2 we nee! ty elminad so we need be cotfe of B in exch yh be egudd @ e1ueeii q Yes 2B = (tudac hook 2-4 40 = I-L- ier*) Je = |oBir2 Be -g (2M) eleWht el eee Pe (eer Tesh Gaghn) pure inaginay manter ° We ida Gi in - K+ = (xt Sey) «i (-5n-3) {dn pe \dirauy her Ye meal pak is 2p0 ig x -In-4 eo Gea\GeI)so me eee ow © Shoo a vein! nett Then 27 € and equaling real L ms zy a oC ange -G es ( 2 Ore Grate iy? = ab? - tye ag tay = ath? x14 at cyt = ath? ay?)* = (a? 5?) Now by cebdig (oblradery O46 we can che fe 2 hy!) Find gyre rool aqucte als S moginaies: Now GF +Q* gins Cateye yatyt = 225 Fee a (way! = bas uf © 250+ wrt - BD Not O+@+ 2etes2 -m z= th Ax 0-@ Th suyte Mick tow ae ¥ solutions, famaly 2 ae fpe why Bi Son @ me brow tral x ky hae opsite ¢ Tus he Sdn os pe [ee / Lae = s (f-2)C+@r — a 1 + 2 = [2 (nm) i Fron @, 2 fy hwe sank signs ‘, + (Gwe: waa) 3) She be ag, 2A ate t1- Bao Complibe Ha square (2 ray" - bt - a 20 (242 = 86% Shr 2) le or peshn 7 2 (hu ern 2 et (Glen) 4 fF) From Ly. 2 above. Tt 6. - b end ofThe Comex _Prane we use The pate 8d Ly be, Te elerd be coal mamby ne be jibe coomplen pumbas have 2 aes: 4 fy Ww « (omplee Plane €. We imeginay gash. Example: fob te filming points 2+ Brig Bigs Fogh pa StRi The compe me ae x tty con te dented vil We ph. (2) io bee plane or ite postion vedwr (erg) ie Gonplee Pore © (Aged Degas) xt = (Oy) of am x tiys (x.y) zt ob ee (ar), ik hile ub gure real _numbas cemesparh tp lig Srove aay and cerespudk fo tre horizoakal axis while We 0+ 1S pue Vial axis X aris -» real awis yams > iovginwy axis 2 aw oe fPKew The comphr rumler 2 —_ Sy cbaived by modi lo only Le. aldilam & sublsoch & complex nis <2 addbtin Babracton 2 yerke(ariyde (utiv) = Gy) 2 (wy) = (x1, 42") NOTE: Jy the compoc plane Yee ce ordeciog Irom IAA by igh (as beee ison Ye rel number ine) sp BE statement 2 ew S meéeaniog less. | | oui Coro Sut ae ae J Bu Gen compre Ailanves by ovigin Mati bo sralav_ralhp) oh je, av) avaliel vector alu, wahich reculls leads by a _perpencliculae vector ——— Gree | ty (atv) = aye + ie able (uve Gy, gt) =0 FA Bente: complex mullphal” <> Mtation + scaling conjugation oe reflechon in real” excis Palighcain lay sadn 23 De que fence fom orgin fle the riande with vers 0,1 & 142). The ple Ac beng fe 2) adding ~2 ti. bo each vertex ») mailing by 092 Ati Gepercbel) 2 conja gabon fi ratining by 3seaheg rotation Saled down 4 wlalen Inyo!The poramehic agin if a ane in be plore 5 ghtn 4 2-2(0), tral nd equating reals + imaginanes gives z=x) ard IJ Siler ft2\= coach: con be on _ingliit reprecantaton of @ cure in bre flare. af p= altsik ter dead xl) = 207, gor é “eH ky* whichis—a prratola. Df @ 20 = cosb+ isin’ ten x= 0036 ard 78 mE gta unit circle Dompes_(inpjrat) 4) Im (a*)-a Tn (wsiy)? +2 Inn (ata? ping) 2 defies e = 24 =| 7 Nyperbola. Tats - uP to &.ltMoputuS- AkaumenT _ foRM Shara : neiy buy) Kaw henge be polar coordlinakes Cr, 6) + Krow X= rcosk gy xcsind where r= {Z? a tmp = 4 xv — Thas 2 con be wren as 2 = reosB ¢ irsing 1 (eos +ésing) | = mockles.argiment fren aka ired “ang fe BS we have? + is he medulis of 2, ie r= fal al = Jat vy? 8 os be equnut ¢ 2, ie. ag (= 6 ben (arg 2)= Ye, 240 Nele that Ae augument is ret wnigue a3 we cor add &r (kez) b& te angle witrouk changing te point. The princpde abe of the agament sabickes -t $B ¢ 17] prvspll vee iw.Bl kin = eis dered! (x0) uk Be anckm On) pase jin De kefb hall plane.Exhmples. Gab bh mod-ag fom : a - Gti bai de [pet tem fst ty gob cored valve of 8] Sb ——_—F a) xtiys Gti = 00" jo 2? be? te fire , - fl 2 +2 Bai bind: bl & MM gad, 2 b> OT 6 JB) =p wo relyge = @& lay @ = 1 bab 6 is in 7 quod. Os Jt» eae se oo = by mspection bez The modulus ¢ Z, 121 i te distance bun be ft 8 anigin. h be distance rma, — fa-bl = slonce boa pe ak b.To modus of 2, [al i+ be chslence teun Be point andl arg. By Be catance broutla, Jacb]= sl. bow pls a lb bn jnpodtack ult BB alt agaio, 2 x reel al pon-negebe. Loupe [2-1-3e[=2 means. "# hes ab « disloce off & from toe print 144, which means in dun bak 2 fies on be cieck cenboed ol 48 vith a rachus of 2" re eae le) nY-Dle 2 fae + (yea Cicde , centre (8), cade 2 J ac above Tings (agelra) art. ecker wit medeang fom dak 2-0 (cosb ete), we Sco + isind) awe rs [hes@cesd-snbsinf) +i (sinbaiag+ ceesing)] 2 £8 [cos (04g) + isin(8+9)] je mnulipy te moduli L add we arqunents. reesbtsind) , casd-isingf Ffeospe sing) exp - 18108 =O Llcestecxd ssindsing i Sndeesy-cososg)] : cost € Sin" 7 = 5 Leos(e-4) + sin (o-@] 12 dice Be modi & sibtrad te agents > © ziEwaapfles (7 Wushale alow) Express be losing comple paduce er quotients in mecharg ea A due i(-eri) 1) aus Eri) i= a) Metyod 4: Expand sy ‘ A (cx © sign 5) w® z » Malied 2 nacking sepembdy wilh 3 Ew Bul = jat[wl = jol|-G+il * iD) 22 ay (8S = ag (2) terglw) > agli) + og (GH) Ur. srl Hig G ar J b)otgews I-89 awe Qe pet Bul= bil? = @y 2 = (tu) = Gg [2)+ auglw) nb wee law| ae ag (Bu) = Ge ag a4 @u)= 2 age) 2 te) oly > oF ($i - 2 forAlot, we see 2 dfleend solution F and F- an je. Statements about Acguments Spout aluays be ntegatled wi a "2k" in” trem J B= Teeth) +i Ol ao ery = (ny) “68 _ 0 is be mod. Bisag. > (ECE) oisin (FE) ) (as 8 sesn 2) Te Plows dat | lapis a9 bret) of eye syn og Nabe acgantels get rok alas Je preci) values. Te ($-28 TR. 30 ie zea) oe alee ae a, ete Gatiy)#-ig)s ae 2he (2) 3. fe@¢ jalTree 1s ne exact formu tyr be modihs of a sum. The best is [l2twis [al +b caled tha _siapale ineguahly ve : aw 1. Take 2-210, Wo-3i Bel Nat Twn = I aed iwi IE ge IBewl = |u-ail 2 fo - ae Nod 2 < Bele - B. Find a lowed estimable dev [ors | em be biagole ineguahly 2 4w-W 2 (etw)4 Cw) fal € jetwl + lewl © fa lerwl +l l2i-iwl < L2twl = compete as W/o TeT.Q. Wf Tu aiRMULA 6) = CeO +isin® , 8 real -0. isa povamelric ayn fv a unit ciate ; fo 210 = -Sine ticoss =~ b Ceose tisine) = velo) | 2. (D-i) 20) =o | 20) = Ae —@ - Bute 2(0) = cosorésing =1 et = Ae’ Act | | Ts 210) = ° fom \ fom O21) = ces6 + bsing | ie. equate KHSS we_olbein T cos6 ising] Euler's formula 7 The _tpresin_€ = -1_ in the form e+) =o Take boyetiat bre fie_most_imporknt number > 0,1,,@,0 -TG. 33 is te Maclaurin Series Pub 2 710, te pe Mac. Suies hy eis E oF Won Es VB nol 2 ee . eight kee e) 2 (ak+)! rer - ne ake 7 a = tee complebe ar Mw. Now We aan white & as c ~ 2 tid = fe” Fke {real mag, fo { medang - } catlesian coords ) par cools - Smpkfer muttpireation £ dwisen, tab iv yal o) 2 _ re! gers se - 6,6» i ce Fe | ase = cox rising eee = cos ~#8Inb _ - = cos (8) +isf) ~ tO) oP Tale conjugate ff Lalers formube L adb|sbbact be apresione ras gee cos» E(k nop ne) (yee proof jwis) a a [Now es 2" = (cose ccna) Exanp vs: x 2 in o (eer ea sin B ad_the equcde ceal + imag. pots vt for bre reverse process cont = [44.7 2 aS ny oie 08 — al * 1. cos 36 = fe (e™) = he (cosbessnby. = fe (cobs Sos Bitinl » osbit sorb eisn8a) = (sO - Scecb sn * sss - teett we = 410598 ~ eos Tq .33Recep: 0" = cos #6806 f cosng_2 Be (cos rising)” a zami_~ Im ( cosh risin8)”™ _ [eos8) = [ie &)]° unlves la) into = In (2) 2 In (cost tisne)® 2 Tn (cose sheosBisinb + bcos'p rin ab Esin%9 4% nt) = HoPO sin bees" sine 2. “1 ¥ Bb) cos® = (cos6)f = ii ome = af e™ Le dt yet Pe = pa flettsate te) 0) te > ede p feospe rtesters}| 6 Ll sind = Cae (4-0) [8 13 3 Casal) | . ete Ex 3 a0 ae et | : )- (ati?) | : - 3(e%¢ 71 | Aboe + questions =» good tet questions t 15) 2) dang te fet tak sin ob = Im[o'?]” L Bets sin Hed sin de in lems AP poues of sius B cosine. | dene, shad but, when sno 4 o Sine = S036 _ Srech tres" —UcesO4| Sine i) By maling a suclabie Sobstilution in (1), deckvee tat the yee rooks aoe Gbic ep 1-2-2 =o 4 tes 4 re & are Zeus Gn) Gatto = eosSsind -YeesBsn°@ (dine above) $0 Fe = Im (cosl tising)3- = ces? 6 cin -sa'b | Thes { Sin ¥O- S038 21 sink (be0e3B ~ ops - ScosB ¢5n*6) Sin Soe = eos'8 -teest (/-6058) es + (I-cos%6) Secor "6 — Yeoe*O Yor +1 (ex reg) ‘i) 8056 -Yeos’@ -Heosb +1 woe xt - de tl Ika 2eos6 , ton be guar cgln_in (i) becomes Reos'8 -Ycos@ —Yrosd + |= 0 Naw by lb bro by sing ging (torte ~Y cost -Yrose t!) 2° 1 Sing (sing - Sn38)_ = 0 (cs fon (3) Sine FA Sin¥e -cinte = o jee inte = Sin 36 yD yo > (26 +20 - [4-39-4007 : 28 = BT sn not pssibler as Sin®=0 bab gen sindfo ow 7 = Ne s= he ee = 4, 9% we 2eoch 205 Ros 3 Fe, ens Th OS Th| Recall: Fak Gow Tc Gores | Be aur) | ir 6) Summing Senes C804 Cy 2be cot 38 +. cane 2 Referee Re eM} mopar: sees ete feet i-c® | a ee a Y | | = dp leh sge 1 ete 7 | L Le)! { » coh -1 cos (n+) b+ cosa 2 - Acess = THO. H. CF) singe dsp +b sin56-+... be ob |e In (e® 408, OP eam Sones a ce “be LS Ta feet ee" + bel eee [icant] ete 7 | i¢ bo? ge f 2 Te [ot luge™ pre. (4) (p 7) t — iy +(e 2) j ATTAINS af Zp fet tte -C2y, er QO” 7] 5 + Foxe l 2 = Shab {inde bsin (6) - Eby Gin (ante -2 Fal 8} = S fl ja nrofoots Aud _ fory nomics e+ Rkre : # a ree her = fee eee emis oe) Teese Tis mars that Sorte to be neck, mullphes by att 16. rolibem tn th of & revolulin en distact values, gil equally spaced on jhe Grathsfeerce facile f rahe +” Ee . 2 Feit sine > kno, for 0% (ccos$ resn¥] ket, ete (e cu'h - sen) dpa 9 } je. pied 2 8p eet 7 ae (BCE 2 toe ' keo a ket, | keliy? 3) Find (Ca-2i) : ne ane ett [her HOO la) Find tre _S fn cooks of uni Do Tu 78.3%. | kro et ket ane ote ket Be ee on brawl, « or bea 2,- 6% (Neb deans ceusdeely lb doald be equally poll \\ conjugates only occur when iking roole of pre_réal_numbecr. JTheerem TE pled 1s 0 pignomal vite real coe, bor be _novrent Glas of pia)-0 Uf em) ocew in cenogedt prs. nee dt pleeo hen pid ed aswell. fod 2a) ee eee eee = At Rey e +. £42" ~ 4 eee hen Oe WHaK raarr.. +a,0" Kou cojuaahe Joby sides Dz ae tar tage 62 # Gyott Oe fe 1 Tae pn HE Ds Oy tak ta 4. QR (% Oz p& ite Kis a rob of TEx it nck rol, ber 963) diatsble ty be _prodch (Q-a) (2-H) = 27 2ekefe) + kI® vere RS quad with otal coe anol nope dscominahe Aus eley polynomial Pobriges nla rel tna a quadroke Lectore| banies 4.) apes gtr ae & pohyromiel product of neal gua Lrobors. _ & - Soe ‘2 4le6 keo wee be bot pe ee that: ket 22 @ 2 GA bi nae Tres toe faces ae he owing : ~_ | (-e™)(2-e le - &F )(e-e 8) | ater es [ate a (C6) ser 28-2 ne] 2 [2% 2acos% 41 et 2eceH +1) = [2*- 22@ +1) (2*- 22 Ca) 2 (ets err Gar) Easia Uebed (nb prefered) = ne made! — Kekelee! atl + (222%) - 228 milton fer = (2%t 2) 2142)2.| Bering Brest ed sale red gual fathers it Gle etse awed Pie Stew wm wht tw theo af tht 0 se (gern )[ Bi2#dt)-0 . g%= -242 = Qe ae eit re) Choose hee, tt 30 + anki ments ae ae fillows + 4h 2 NY pa tse -hy tee 7 (2-e™ \(2-Be™) (2 -BeE)(e