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Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Solar-Wind Energy System Using MPPT

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www.idosr.org Mugarura and Guntredi
©IDOSR PUBLICATIONS
International Digital Organization for Scientific Research ISSN: 2579-0781
IDOSR JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 9(1) 72-83, 2023.
Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Solar-Wind Energy System Using MPPT
Algorithm
Mugarura, Ambrose and Guntredi, Venkataramana
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University Uganda.
[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The contemplated hybrid system enables maximum utilization of freely existing renewable
energy sources that’s solar and wind energy sources. This system introduces power control
strategies of a grid connected solar-wind power generation systems with a versatile power
transfer. In this, an adaptive Maximum Power Transfer Tracking algorithm besides the
standard perturbs and observations are employed. The system allows usage of two supply
sources where loads can be separately supplied or simultaneously supplied depending on
the handiness of energy sources. The most determining parameters of mechanical output
from wind energy source and the solar energy sources are the turbine rotor speed and the
photovoltaic cell operating voltage respectively. Coupled with a wind turbine is a PSMG for
the attainability of a conversion system for wind energy and an inverter for converting direct
current output from a non-conventional energy into the purposeful alternating current. The
solar wind energy systems operate under normal conditions that involve normal wind speed
for the case of wind energy and normal room temperature for photovoltaic energy sources.
Key words: MPPT, Photovoltaic, Wind, Power control, PSMG.

INTRODUCTION
Electric power systems are amongst the [15]. Both wind and photovoltaic systems
capital investment components of a have the inherent flaw of being
contemporary economy [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. intermittent, which renders them unstable.
Electric power systems involve four main The system's power transfer efficiency and
parts which includes Power Generation, dependability can be considerably
Power Transmission, Voltage increased by merging these two sporadic
Transformation and Power Consumption sources and using maximum power point
[1, 6, 7, 8]. Its normally difficult to tracking (MPPT) algorithms [7, 8, 9]. One of
construct transmission lines and the most recent developments in power
transformation systems in most remote electronics is the merging of renewable
areas due to their nature [9, 10]. Also, energy sources and energy storage devices
many are looking at sustainable energy [2]. In order to maintain or increase the
alternatives in awake to protect the planet reliability and quality of the power supply,
for future generations as worry over global new operational strategies for distributed
warming and the depletion of fossil fuel generators and renewable energy sources
supplies grows [11, 12]. Above all are needed. Since integrated monitoring
photovoltaic, wind, and hydro power have and control and consistency in controller
the greatest potential to satisfy our energy structure are more convenient than a
needs. Even while wind energy is capable common ac type, combining multiple
of producing vast amounts of power, it is renewable resources via a common dc bus
incredibly unpredictable and may appear of a power converter has become typical
one instant and disappear the next [13, 14]. [10,11,12]. Analysis is done on the
Similar to this, solar energy is there all day dynamic performance of a wind and solar
long, but the amount of solar irradiation system. A model of a wind turbine system
varies due to the strength of the sunlight was created and contrasted with an actual
and the unpredictability of the shadows system. The majority of applications are
cast by clouds, animals, and other objects for standalone operation, with load

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balancing as the primary control goal. A dispatch operation, averaging operation,
few grid-connected systems show the grid and normal operation without battery
as merely a backup option to use when the utilization [2].
supply from renewable sources is Two modified techniques that is a
insufficient. They were initially intended modified hysteresis control approach for a
to support local load requirements with a battery charger/discharger and a power
chance of a temporary loss of power averaging technique utilizing a low-pass
supply. However, a hybrid system that filter are used to successfully accomplish
injects electricity more steadily or has the such modes of operation. The hybrid
ability to regulate its power flexibly is system's idea, operation, and supervisory
preferable from the standpoint of utility. control are described. In the control of
Users also like a system that offers a wind turbines and PV arrays, conventional
variety of power transfer alternatives since maximum power tracking techniques are
it improves system management and used. Power System Computer Aided
functioning [3]. Such a hybrid system's Design/Electromagnetic Transients
control techniques ought to be very Program for DC (PSCAD/EMTDC), power-
dissimilar from those of conventional system transient-analysis software, served
systems. In this paper, a grid-connected as the foundation for dynamic modeling
wind-Solar-battery hybrid system with and simulations. The program was built
flexible power transfer is dynamically using Dommel's method, which was
modeled and controlled. In contrast to created especially for simulating high-
conventional systems, the hybrid system voltage direct current systems and is
takes into account the grid's ability to effective for simulating transients in
dispatch its power injection. The hybrid power systems that are controlled by
system has three operating modes: power electronics [4].

Figure 1: General Hybrid System [5]

Problem Statement To simulate the optimized schemes of

Due to several differences of Solar-Wind Hybrid Energy systems to analyse the
resources in different places, the solar- power supply quality
wind hybrid system design should base on To increase the efficiency of the System
the special location situation. Research Questions
Purpose of the study How to design different alternative
To model and simulate a hybrid Solar-Wind schemes of the hybrid energy system?
Energy System Using Maximum Power What are the optimized techniques of the
Point Tracking Algorithm hybrid energy system & which is the best
Specific Objectives technique?
To design different schemes of a Hybrid How to improve efficiency of the system?
System (Solar and Wind Energy)

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Scope of the study simulate the system in order to construct
This hybrid system is modelled for 30MW a solar wind hybrid system that can
Nakasongola Military Barracks Solar power steadily supply power and cost effective
plant in Central Uganda [6].
Significance of the study This study will help the government and
In a hybrid energy system, wind and solar investors realize the feasibility, power
power proportions impact the reliability supply quality, Capital cost and
and economy of the system since solar and operational cost of the hybrid system in
wind resources vary from an area to Uganda that will help them in decision
another. It is very crucial to optimize and making towards investment plans.
METHODOLOGY
Simulation block libraries which help in designing,
Simulation is accomplished by Simulink an simulating, implementing and testing
environment with multi domain simulation various systems which vary with time like
and its model-based design for embedded video processing, image processing, signal
systems. Simulink provides a graphical processing and in communication
interface and also has customized set of controls.

Figure 2: simulation model showing the utilization of irradiance and solar modules

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Figure 3: Wind Turbine linked with Synchronous Generator

Figure 4: Battery Operation features sufficient supply to load

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Figure 5: Composite Simulation Model of Proposed Hybrid System

RESULTS ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Simulink software gives displays and building customizable displays using
scopes which help in visualizing the MATLAB visualization and GUI
system. Results can also be analysed by development tools.

Figure 6: Load Sharing Action Performed by the Hybrid Energy in Polycrystalline Solar
Panel TSP 215

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Figure 7: Load Sharing Action Performed by the Hybrid Energy in BIPV Double Glass
Solar Panel TSBM 180
Table 1: Load Sharing Between Solar & Wind Systems Supported By Battery
Time (S) Solar *104 Wind*104 Battery Battery Load *104 Remarks
Power Action
*104
0-1 0.92 0(0-0.8) +0.08 Supplying 1 G<L
0.92 0.03(0.8) +0.05
1-2 0.94 0.56 -0.05 Charging 1 G<L

2-3 0.78 0.56 -3.4 Charging 1 G<L

3-4 0.78 0.2 +0.02 Supplying 1 G<L

4-5 0.78 0.2 +4.2 Supplying 1.4 G<L

5-6 0.78 0.2 +0.02 Supplying 1 G<L

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Figure 8: Phase Voltage observed at the PV array

Figure 9: The relative variation curve of Actual Current (Ia) and Reference Current (Iref)

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Figure 10: The load current supplied to the load is sinusoidal in nature as depicted in
the simulation

Figure 11: Three Phase Voltage Supplied to the Load by the Inverter

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Figure 12: AC Line Voltage and Phase Voltage Given by the Inverter

Table 2: Life Cycle of Hybrid System

Time(S) Characteristics
0-1 Photovoltaic energy at full irradiance
Batteries partially supply for the load
Wind Turbines tend towards base speed of 12m/s after a period of 0.5
seconds
Load is at 10kW
1-2 Wind achieves 5.6kW
Batteries store 5Kw
2-3 Photovoltaic energy reduced by 15%
Batteries store 3.5Kw
3-4 Speed of the wind reduces to 9m/s
Batteries partially supply for the load
4-5 Load increased by 40%
Batteries are responsible for increased load demand
5-6 Load demand settles to the previous point

Yielded values for the photovoltaic panel The preferred Direct Current link =640
Open Circuit Voltage (𝑉𝑜𝑐 ) = 36.60V Max. Power from a single Photovoltaic
Max. Power Current(𝐼𝑀𝑃 ) = 30.3V 𝑽𝑴𝑷 *𝑰𝑴𝑷 =30.3*7.10=215.13W
Short Circuit Current (𝐼𝑜𝑐 ) = 8.01A Max. Power from a single ROW =11*215.13
Number of cells in a ROW = 11 = 2366.43W = 2.4kW
Number of cells in (2*1) = photovoltaic Max. Power delivered by a single solar
Array = 11*2=22 Cells module = (2366.43V+2366.43) =4732.86W
% Error in accomplishing Max. Power point =4.7kW
Tracker = 4% Total Power from the two modules =
Max. Power point Tracker Voltage = 666 − 4732.86*2 = 9465.7W=9.5kW
(666 ∗ .04) = 640 Max. Irradiance = 1000

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Max. Power at Max. Irradiance =9.5kW Working Performance of various
After 2 seconds, % irradiance reduced by photovoltaic panels is represented
15% to 85%. through simulated results. Differences in
Solar power cut down = 9.5-(9.5*0.15) = the output are to altered current and
8.1Kw voltage ratings. Delivered current and
Yielded Values from wind Energy Voltage ratings depend on the physical
System conditions prevailing in its surroundings
120𝑓 and on its physical characteristics.
𝑁=
𝑃 Simulated Graphs
Photovoltaic energy drops its irradiance by
Where; 15% from 2 seconds.
N= Revolutions per minute (rpm) 10kW is the load demanded to fulfil
P= Number of poles = 4 Poles throughout the time frame except at 4 to 5
f= Output frequency of Permanent seconds when it increases to 14kW.
Synchronous Generator (PMSG) Initially wind turbines rotating at 5m/s
120∗50 except to the base speed of 12m/s after
𝑁= = 1500 rpm
4 0.5s where its rotating reduced by 25% of
Converting 1500rpm into radians per its base speed.
second From the graph below, all the above
1500Rpm= 1500*2Ω/60 = 157 rad/s characteristics are clearly observed.
Nominal Mech. Output Power of the wind The Photovoltaic Array’s Maximum voltage
turbine = 8.5kW is around 640V. The deciding factor of the
Power = 𝜏 × 𝜔 maximum voltage is explained by the
varying irradiance as shown by the
Where;
following curve.
𝜏= Base torque
𝜔=Angular Velocity
𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑃𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ)
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒(𝜏) =
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
=8500/157=54.15J

Table 3: Major Landmarks of Proposed Hybrid System

Time (S) Wind Energy Solar Energy Battery Load
0-1 Speed tends to
the base speed
1-2 Significant
Charging
2-3 Irradiance drop Speed falls
3-4
4-5 Mainstay load Additional load
sharing is attached
5-6

CONCLUSION
In this thesis an inverter was used for In order to provide maximum output
converting solar systems and wind power to meet load demand under all
systems output into alternating current operating conditions, the hybrid was
power output. The load demand was met controlled. Both the simultaneous
by the combination of wind energy system, operation of wind and solar systems,
Photovoltaic energy systems and Batteries. singly operation of wind system and singly
The circuit breakers were used for operation photovoltaic system were
providing a connection to an additional supported by the battery
load of 5kW in a stipulated period of time.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to dispose excess power, dump Other Different methods of Maximum
loads can be used optimum modelling of Power Point Trackers can be implemented
essential parameters can be applied to and compared. To distribute the generated
control the losses incurred in the initial power, distribution transformers can be
stages of operation of wind turbines added to system.
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