SEAM 2 – TRIM, STABILITY AND STRESS

COMPILED QUIZZES

PRELIMS

QUIZ 1 – MOMENT OF FORCE

Question 1

A capstan bar is 3 metres long. Two men are pushing on the bar, each with a force of 400 Newtons. If
one man is placed half-way along the bar and the other at the extreme end of the bar, find the
resultant moment about the centre of the capstan

Solution:

Resultant Moment =(F1xr1) + (F2x r2)

= (400N x 3m) + (400N x 1.5m)

= 1200m + 600m

Resultant Moment = 1800 Nm

Question 2

A uniform plank is 6 metres long and is supported at a point under its midlength. A10kg mass is
placed on the plank at a distance of 0.5 metres from one end and a 20kg mass is placed on the plank
2 metres from the other end. Find the resultant moment about the centre of the plank.

Answer:

Anti-clockwise moment = 10kg x 2.5m =25 kg. m

Clockwise moment =20kg x 1m =20 kg. m

Resultant moment = 25 kg. m – 20 kg. m

Resultant moment = 5 kg. m - anti-clockwise

QUIZ 2 - CENTROID AND CENTER OF GRAVITY

Question 1

A ship of 2000 tonnes displacement has KG 4.5 metres. A heavy lift of 20 tonnes mass is in the lower
hold and has KG 2 metres. This weight is then raised 0.5 metres clear of the tank top by a derrick
whose head is 14 metres above the keel. Find the new KG of the ship.

Solution:

Height of Derrick from Keel = 14 m

KG of Cargo = 2 m (-)

Distance = 12 m
GG’=(w x d)/displacement

GG’=(20 t x 12 m)/2000 t

GG’=0.12 m

Old KG = 4.50 m GG’= 0.12 m (+)

New KG= 4.62 m

Question 2

A ship has displacement of 2000 tonnes and KG 10.5 metres. Find the new KG if a weight of 40 tonnes
mass already on board is shifted from the ‘tween deck to the lower hold, through a distance of 4.5
metres vertically.

Given:

W= 2000t, KG= 10.5m

w= 40t, d=4.5m

Solution:

GG' = w x d/W

= 40t x 4.5m / 2000t

GG' = 0.09m

New KG = Old KG - GG'

= 10.5 m - 0.09 m

New KG = 10.41m

Question 3

A ship has displacement of 2400 tonnes an 10.8 metres. Find the new KG if a weight of 50 tonnes
mass already on board is raised 12 metres vertically.

Given:

W= 2400t, KG= 10.8m

w= 50t, d= 12m

Solution:

GG' = w x d/ W

= 50t x 12m/ 2400t

New KG = 10.8m + 0.25m

New KG = 11.05m

Question 4

A ship of 2000 tonnes displacement has KG 4.5 metres. A heavy lift of 20 tonnes mass is in the lower
hold and has KG 2 metres. This weight is then raised 0.5 metres clear of the tank top by a derrick
whose head is 14 metres above the keel. Find the new KG of the ship.

Solution:

Height of Derrick from Keel = 14 m

KG of Cargo = 2 m (-)

Distance = 12 m

GG’= (w x d)/displacement

GG’= (20 t x 12 m)/2000 t

GG’=0.12 m

Old KG = 4.50 m GG’= 0.12 m (+)

New KG= 4.62 m

QUIZ 3 - DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Question 1

A tank holds 120 tonnes when full of fresh water. Find how many tonnes of diesel oil of relative
density 0.880 it will hold, allowing 2% of the volume of the tank for expansion in the oil.

Given:

Mass of fresh water = 120 tonnes

Volume of the tank = 120 t / 1.000 t/m^3 = 120 m^3

allowance = 2%

Solution:

Volume of the oil = 120 m^3 x (100/102) = 117.647 m^3

Mass of the oil = 117.647 m^3 x 0.880 t/m^3

Mass of the oil = 103.52936 tonnes

Question 2

A tank measuring 8 m x 6 m x 7 m is being filled with diesel oil of relative density 0.9. Find how many
tonnes of diesel oil in the tank when the ullage is 3 metres

Given

Volume of oil = 8 m x 6 m x 4 m

Density of oil = 0.9 t/m^3

Solution:

Mass of oil = Volume x density

Mass of oil = (8m x 6m x 4m) (0.9 t/m^3)

Mass of oil = 192 m3 x 0.9 t/m^3

Mass of oil = 172.8 tonnes

Question 3

A tank when full will hold 130 tonnes of salt water. Find how many tonnes of oil fuel relative density
0.940 it will hold, allowing 1% of the volume of the tank for expansion.

Given:

Mass of salt water = 130 tonnes

Volume of the tank = 130 t / 1.025 t/m^3 = 126.83 m^3

allowance = 1%

Solution:

Volume of the oil = 126.83 m^3 x (100/101) = 125.57 m^3

Mass of the oil = Volume x density

Mass of the oil = 125.57 m^3x 0.940 t/m^3

Mass of the oil = 118.0358 tonnes or 118 tonnes

Question 1

A rectangular tank (3m x 1.2m x 0.6m) has no lid and is floating in fresh water at a draft of 15cm.
Calculate the minimum amount of fresh water which must be poured into the tank to sink it.

Solution

Volume of the vessel = L x B x Depth

= 3m x 1.2m x 0.6m

Volume of the vessel = 2.16 m³

Volume of the water displ. = L x B x Draft

= 3m x 1.2m x 0.15m

Volume of the water displ. = 0.54 m³

Reserve Bouyancy = Vol. of the vessel - Vol. of the water displ.

= 2.16 m³ - 0.54 m³

Reserve Bouyancy = 1.62 m³ or 1.62 tonnes

Question 2

A cube of wood of relative density 0.81 has sides 30 cm long. If a mass of 2kg is placed on the top of
the cube with its centre of gravity vertically over that of the cube, find the draft in salt water.

Solution

Volume of the cube = L x B x D

= 0.3m x 0.3m x 0.3m

Volume of the cube = 0.027m³

Mass of Cube = Volume x density

= 0.027m³ x 0.81

Mass of Cube = 0.022 tons

Mass of Cube = 0.022 tons

Additional Mass = 0.002 tons (2 kgs)

Total mass = 0.024 tons

Volume of water Displ. = Mass ÷ Density

Volume of water Displ. = 0.023 m³

Volume of water Displ. = L x B x Draft

Draft = Volume of the water displaced ÷ length x breadth

= 0.023 m³ / 0.3m x 0.3m

Draft = 0.256 meters

Question 3

A cylindrical salvage buoy is 5 metres long, 2.4 metres in diameter, and floats on an even keel in salt
water with its axis in the water-plane. Find the upthrust which this buoy will produce when fully
immersed.

Solution

Volume of cylinder = π x r² x h

Where: π = 3.1416

r = radius or diameter/2

h = height or draft

Volume of cylinder = π x r² x h

= 3.1416 x 1.2² m x 5m

Volume of cylinder = 22.62m³

Mass of Cylinder = Volume x Density

= 22.62m³ x 1.025 tonnes/m³

Mass of Cylinder = 23.20

Upthrust = Mass of cylinder ÷ 2

= 23.2 tonnes ÷ 2

Upthrust = 11.60 tonnes

LESSON 5 - EFFECT OF DENSITY ON DRAFT AND DISPLACEMENT

A ship displaces 7,500 m³ of water of density 1000/m³. Find the displacement in tonnes when the ship
is floating at the same draft in water of density 1,015 kg/m³.
Solution

New Displacement/Old Displacement = New Density/Old Density

New Displacement = Old displacement x New Density /Old density

New Displacement = 7,500 t x 1,015kgs/ m^3

1,000kgs/m^3

New Displacement = 7,612.5 tons

Question 2

When floating in fresh water at a draft of 6.5 m a ship displaces 4288 tonnes. Find the displacement
when the ship is floating at the same draft in water of density 1015 kg per cu. m.

Solution

New Displacement /Old displacement= New Density/Old density

New Displacement = Old Displacement x New Density/Old Density

New Displacement = 4,288 t x 1,015kgs/ m^3

1,000kgs/m^3

New Displacement= 4,352.32 tonnes or 4352 tonnes

Question 3

When floating in fresh water at a draft of 6.5 m a ship displaces 4288 tonnes. Find the displacement
when the ship is floating at the same draft in water of density 1015 kg per cu. m.

Solution

New Displacement /Old displacement= New Density/Old density

New Displacement = Old Displacement x New Density/Old Density

New Displacement = 4,288 t x 1,015kgs/ m^3

1,000kgs/m^3

New Displacement= 4,352.32 tonnes or 4352 tonnes

When floating in fresh water at a draft of 6.5 m a ship displaces 4288 tonnes. Find the displacement
when the ship is floating at the same draft in water of density 1015 kg per cu. m.

Solution

New Displacement /Old displacement= New Density/Old density

New Displacement = Old Displacement x New Density/Old Density

New Displacement = 4,288 t x 1,015kgs/ m^3

1,000kgs/m^3

New Displacement= 4,352.32 tonnes or 4352 tonnes

Question 5

A box-shaped vessel 24 m x 6 m x 3 m displaces 150 tonnes of water. Find the draft when the vessel
is floating in salt water.

Solution

Old displacement = L x B x Draft x Density

Draft = Old Displacement / (L x B x Density)

= 150 / (24 x 6 x 1.025)

Draft = 1.016 m

Question 6

A box-shaped vessel draws 7.5 m in dock water of density 1006 kg per cu. m. Find the draft in salt
water of density 1025 kg per cu. m.

Solution

New draft= (Old density/ new density) x old draft

New draft= (1006/1025) x 7.5 m

New draft= 7.361 meters

QUIZ 6 - DISPLACEMENT

Question 1

A ship 120 m x 17 m x 10 m has a block coefficient 0.8 and is floating at the load summer draft of 7.2
meters in fresh water. Find how much cargo can be loaded to remain at the same draft in salt water.

Solution
Old displacement= L x B x block coefficient x density

Old displacement= 130 x 17 x 0.8 x 1000 tonnes

Old displacement= 11750 tonnes

New displacement= Old displacement x (New density/Old density)

New displacement= 11750 tonnes x (1025/1000)

New displacement= 12044 tonnes

Cargo to hold = New displacement - Old displacement

Cargo to hold = 12044 tonnes - 11750 tonnes

Cargo to hold= 294 tonnes

Question 2

A ship displaces 7,000 tonnes while floating in fresh water. Find the displacement of the ship when
floating at the same draft in water of density 1.015 t/m³.

Solution:

New displacement= Old displacement x (New density/ Old density)

New displacement= 7000 tonnes x (1015/1000)

New displacement= 7105 tonnes

Question 3

A ship 6,400 tonnes displacement is floating in salt water. The ship has to proceed to berth where the
density of the water is 1.008 t/m³. Find how much cargo must be discharged if she is to remain at the
salt water draft.

Solution

New displacement= Old displacement x (New density/ Old density)

New displacement= 6400 tonnes x (1008/1025)

New displacement= 6293.9 tonnes

Cargo to discharge= Old displacement - new displacement

Cargo to discharge= 6400 tonnes - 6293.9 tonnes

Cargo to discharge= 106.1 tonnes