1. Exercise : 1 2.

Date: 02/10/2020

3. Title : Essentials of engineering graphics Introduction and basics

4. Aim : To know the importance of Engineering Graphics, standards, lettering; and to

draw simple 2D objects in CAD software.

5. Software used: AutoCAD 2021

6. Introduction:
i. About Engineering Graphics:

An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about an

object. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a component

and is called a detail drawing. Usually, a number of drawings are necessary to completely specify

even a simple component. The drawings are linked together by a master drawing or assembly

drawing which gives the drawing numbers of the subsequent detailed components, quantities

required, construction materials and possibly 3D images that can be used to locate individual

items. Although mostly consisting of pictographic representations, abbreviations and symbols are

used for brevity and additional textual explanations may also be provided to convey the
necessary information.

ii. About Drafting tools and its advantages over conventional drafting:

AutoCAD is significantly faster than the traditional method of manual Drafting.

It accelerates the task of preparing a bill, reports, scaling, etc. of content — tedious work of

drawing each line on paper done in a few mouse clicks.

As CAD software removes repeated iterations, large amounts of time are saved.

In AutoCAD, data describing a component is associative, and hence revisions are

automatically made to all places the data is used.

 Drafting tools are instruments that can be used for measurement and layout of drawings or to

improve consistency and the speed for creating standard drawing elements.

7. Procedure (for solving question # ):

7.1 Question outline :
7.2 Object : Circle,Triangle,Square,Pentagon,Hexagon
7.3 Conditions (if any) :

Fig. Free hand sketch of the solution to question #

7.4 Drawing Procedure:
Step 1.

For lettering first we need to make changes in units like changing it to millimeter.

Use the command LINE and draw two lines which is 7mm width. Use command TEXT

STYLE and change the height as 7 and width factor 0.7.Start typing alphabets using

command TEXT in the begging of the two line. Use the keyword DIMENSIONS and mark

the dimensions
 Draw the shapes like circle by using the command CIRCLE and square by selecting the polygon

options at the top and select the sides as 4 and like wise pentagon, hexagon, triangle, need to

be drawn.For rectangle there is a seperate option will be availabe which can be used to

draw rectanlge. Finally using dimension option we can mark the length and radius of

each shapes.

8. Commands used:

S.N. Command Use

1 TEXT Used to write text

2 TEXT STYLE Used to change the height

3 LINE Used to draw line

4 DIMENSION Used to mark the dimension

5 CIRCLE Used to draw circle

6 Used to draw rectangle

RECTANGLE

7 LINEWEIGHT Used to change the width

8 POLYGON Used to draw polygons

9. Result:
We found the importance of engineering graphics,standard,lettering;and to draw simple 2D

objects in CAD software

Faculty Name KUMARAN D Date of Submission 06/10/2020

Signature Marks
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

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1. Exercise : 3 2. Date: 02/10/2020

3. Title : Fundamentals of projections - Orthographic projection of points and lines.

4. Aim : To draw the orthographic projection of points in various quadrants; straight lines
in first quadrant inclined to only one plane, and practice free-hand sketching.

5. Software used: AutoCAD 2021

6. Introduction:
i. About Orthographic projection :

Orthographic projection is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two

dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to

the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation

on the viewing surface. The obverse of an orthographic projection is an oblique projection,

whichis a parallel projection in which the projection lines are not orthogonal to the projection

plane.

ii. Projection of points and lines:

Projection Of Lines

• A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.

• Top views of two end points of a straight line, when joined, give the top view of the straight

line.

• Front views of the two end points of a straight line, when joined, give the front view of the

straight line.
7. Procedure (for solving question # )
7.1 Question outline :
7.2 Object : Circle,Line
7.3 Conditions (if any) :

Fig. Free hand sketch of the solution to question #

7.4 Drawing Procedure:
Step 1.
Draw a rectangle horizontally of 170,then a vertical 60

Use the command OFFSET to make margin for rectangle and make 6 rows and 3

columns. Use the command TEXT and type the necessary things.

Use the command LINEWEIGHT to change width of the line.

Use the commond PRINT and print the seletcted area.

Before going the print option use the command MAGNIFICATION to mark

the length and width

8. Commands used:

S.N. Command Use

1 UNIT To change the units

2 LINE To draw the line

3 RECTANGLE To draw the rectangle

4 CIRCLE To draw the circle

5 LIMIT To set the limit

6 RECTANGLE To draw the rectangle

7 TEXT To type text

8 To change the marking colour

DDIM

9 OFFSET To draw margin

10 STYLE To change the text style

11 TRIM To delete unwanted things

12 LINEWEIGHT To change the line width

13 PROPERTY To change the colour

9. Result:
We drawn the orthographic projection of points in various quardrants in first quadrant inclined to

only one plane

Faculty Name Kumaran D Date of Submission 06/10/2020

Signature Marks