SHS

Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION
Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: [email protected]/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

Reading and
Writing Skills
Quarter 1: Week 1
Learning Activity Sheets
 READING AND WRITING SKILLS

Name of Learner: _________________________ Grade 11/12 – Quarter 1/3 - Week 1

Section: __________________________________ Date: _____________

Comparing and Contrasting Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines

Background Information:
To be proficient and fluent in using the English language, the four macro skills should
be developed. Two of these essential skills are reading and writing. Based on numerous
studies, a proficient writer is one who demonstrates a grasp of writing skills that are essential
for success in most walks of life. These skills include the use of transitional elements and the
ability to select language appropriate for the intended audience (American Academy of Arts
& Sciences, 2021).
Thus, learning the patterns of written texts is significant as a writer. In this learning
activity sheet, you will know the similarities and differences of patterns in paragraph
development. Being able to differentiate the different patterns of written texts will help you
improve your writing skills in different disciplines.
What is a writing pattern?
It is a specific way of organizing ideas to convey a certain type of argument. Patterns
of written texts are also known as patterns of organization, rhetorical modes, and rhetorical
styles (Excelsior Online Writing Lab (OWL), 2020). As a writer, your pattern may vary based
on your desired purpose.
PATTERNS OF WRITTEN TEXTS (Oaks, n.d.)
1. Narration - the purpose of narration is to tell a story or relate an event or an experience.
It is a useful tool for sequencing or putting details and information into logical order, usually
chronological.
Questions to consider in this pattern:
1. Who was involved in the event?
2. When did the event happen?
3. Where did the event occur?
4. What is the focus of your narrative?
A concluding statement that emphasizes the main point of your narrative is very
important to make sure that your readers understand the purpose of telling the story.

Example:
When I was 18, my classmates and I enjoyed our time because of a special
celebration. I thought it was just an ordinary day when suddenly they took me in our room. I
was blindfolded. When I entered the room, a birthday surprise put a big smile on my face.
We were in our classroom at Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City. They exerted efforts for me to
have a memorable debut party. Our instructor also expressed his warmest greetings. We
enjoyed the day as if we were in an elegant venue. I won’t forget this blessing from the people
I love when I was in college. Indeed, a birthday is always a gift that we must cherish every
year.
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2. Description – the purpose of description is to recreate, invent, or visually present a
person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that which is being described.
It is based on sensory details: sight, sound, smell, feel, taste.

Example:
My favorite possession is a religious figurine of my favorite saint. It was given by one
of my closest friends in the ministry. St. Therese is shown wearing the Carmelite brown habit
and white cape. She is holding a book and her hands are sculptured on the top of the open
book. It is hand painted with beautiful details such as roses and crucifix. I feel safe and holy
whenever I pray to this catholic figurine.
3. Definition – tells what a word means to have a clear understanding of any word especially
technical words, slang, and specialized words. It moves beyond a dictionary definition to
deeply examine a word or concept.
Example:
In the field of teaching, a lesson plan is important in the life of an educator. The Open
University (2017) explained its meaning. To understand what a lesson plan is, it is important
to fully understand the concept of a lesson. A lesson is thus a period of instruction or contact
between the teacher and the learners which is totally devoted to a prior identified, specified,
and single limited title, skill, content, or idea. Lesson planning is the activity which the teacher
performs before the actual lesson takes place. A lesson plan is a detailed description of the
instructional strategies and learning activities to be performed during the teaching/learning
process.
4. Comparison and contrast - comparison focuses on similarities between things, and
contrast focuses on their differences.

For comparison, it uses signal words like similarly, in the same way, likewise, in like
manner, in a similar fashion, etc. Contrast uses signal words such as yet,
nevertheless, nonetheless, after all, but though, otherwise, on the other hand,
notwithstanding, etc.

Example:
My sister and I have the same hobbies. Similarly, we love reading books especially
books about growth and self-love. Likewise, we do home workouts. We love spending our
time doing habits for healthy living. On the other hand, our love for other crafts is not the
same. She loves paper quilling, but I love hosting. She is interested in taking care of pets, yet
I am more into editing videos and photos. We love each other despite our similarities and
differences.
5. Cause and effect – the purpose of this pattern is to offer an explanation about why that
sequence matters. It explores why things happen and what happens as a result.

Words that show effect are, for this reason, it follows, as a result, as a consequence,
thus, therefore, etc. Transitional devices include because, since, is due to, is caused
by, for this reason, it follows, as a result, and so.

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Example:
According to Castrati (2020), exercising is important for the health. If you don’t
exercise, you may find it hard to get a good night's sleep. As a result, you may also develop
high blood pressure. For this reason, exercising has good benefits for the physical and mental
health as well. Exercise is a well-established drug-free treatment for anxiety disorders and
depression.
6. Classification/Division – this pattern takes one large concept and divides it into
individual pieces. It helps the reader to understand a complex topic by focusing on its
smaller parts.
Example:
The learning modalities in the new normal are classified as Modular Distance
Learning, where printed or digital modules will be delivered to the homes of the students or
picked up by their parents or guardians at designated places, within coordinated schedules.
Another category is Online Distance Learning, which has two types. The first one is
Synchronous Online Distance Learning, where group of students engaging in a learning
event with their teacher at the same time, and Asynchronous Online Distance Learning,
where teaching materials are posted online, and learners work through them on their own
schedule based on their availability to use the Internet.
7. Problem – solution – this pattern has two equally important tasks. These are clearly
identifying a problem, and then providing a logical, practical solution for that problem.
Example:
Due to rising number of COVID-19 cases, the government identified possible
solutions. One of the solutions is the lifting of ECQ in Metro Manila and NCR. The
transmission of delta variant is the country is also alarming. Thus, the government is
encouraging all people to be vaccinated in their local governments. The health protocols in
other places became stricter as well. All these efforts are for the aim of lower records of active
cases in the Philippines.
Learning Competency with code:
Compares and contrasts patterns of written texts across disciplines. EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3
Direction/Instruction
Read carefully the directions indicated in the following exercises then provide what is
needed or asked in each item.
Exercises/Activities:
A. Identify the pattern of written texts described in each item.

_____________1. It is used when the writer uses similarities and differences between
and among concepts in the written texts.
_____________2. It is used when the writer tells stories and orders of events to
develop the paragraphs in the text.
_____________3. It is used when the writer writes a dilemma at the beginning of the
written text then proposes an answer to the dilemma in the end.
_____________4. It is used when the writer writes the reasons for certain things and
concepts and writes the consequences afterwards.
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_____________5. It is used when the writer uses someone’s sensory images to elicit
imagination and concrete picture of concepts.
_____________6. It is used when the writer uses small parts of a whole to clearly
understand the concept.
_____________7. It is used when the writer uses dictionary and other sources of
information to explain a concept in the written text.

B. Identify the patterns of the following written texts:

Criteria for the explanation:
Content – 2 pts. Grammar – 2 pts. Organization 1 pt.
A countryman's son stepped on a snake's tail accidentally. The tail suddenly turned and hit him so
that he died. The father was very angry so that he cut off part of the snake’s tail. Then, the
snake in revenge stung several of the farmer's cattle. It caused him great loss. However, the
farmer decided to stop the fight with the snake. He brought food and honey to the mouth of its
lair, and said to it, "Let's forget and forgive. Perhaps you were right to punish my son, and take
revenge on my cattle, but surely I was right in trying to revenge him. Now that we are both
satisfied, why should not we be friends again?" "No, no," said the snake. "Take away your
gifts. You can never forget the death of your son, nor I the loss of my tail. Injuries may be
forgiven, but not forgotten.”

Pattern of Written text: ___________________________________________________________

Explanation:
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Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather improperly dressed; however,
illnesses are not caused by temperature- they are caused by germs. So, while shivering
outside in the cold probably will not strengthen your immune system, you are more likely to
contract an illness indoors because you will have a greater exposure to germs.
Pattern of Written text: ___________________________________________________________
Explanation:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
Hymenopus coronatus, the orchid mantis, is a remarkable creature. Against any opponent but a
careful entomologist with a cardboard box, the mantis is a lethal hunter and master of
camouflage. Its four front legs, head and thorax are covered in delicate structures resembling
colorful flower petals. In appearance, it looks like nothing so much as a praying mantis covered
in beautiful painted fans.

As for its behavior, like any good mantis, it is an ambush predator. It takes full advantage of its unique
appearance, settling amongst the petals of orchids and awaiting visiting insects. It favors
butterflies and moths for its meals, but will happily take any insect on offer. Indeed, it need not
even be an insect: particularly voracious orchid mantises have been known to feed on small
lizards, frogs, mice and even birds.

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 Its behavior among its own kind is no different. Like many mantises, orchid mantises are
opportunistic cannibals. They don't go out of their way to devour their own kind, but should
one stray into striking range of another when it's feeling peckish, it may well become a meal.
H. coronatus is not recorded as performing the praying mantis's infamous reproductive
cannibalism, however.

Pattern of Written text: ___________________________________________________________

Explanation:
_______________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________

C. Compare and contrast the following texts in various disciplines. Identify

which text is correct for the label. Note that answers may be Text A, Text
B, or Both Texts.

1. Label: Definition

Text A: Wi-Fi is the wireless local network between nearby devices, such as
wireless routers, computers, smartphones, tablets, or external drives. It is part of
the LAN (local area network) protocols and has largely replaced the wired
Ethernet option. When your device has Wi-Fi turned on, it can find the nearest
router. If the router is connected to a modem and works with an Internet service
provider (ISP), your device can now access the Internet and other devices on the
network. Wi-Fi covers a much more limited area than a cell phone tower.
However, Wi-Fi does not use expensive cellular data like LTE or 4G.

Text B: Bitcoin is currently a craze. It is a cryptocurrency, or electronic cash. It is

marked by its decentralized nature without a central bank or administrator. The
currency can be sent from user to user on the Bitcoin network without a middleman.
In this respect, Bitcoin has been revolutionary. Though there are other
cryptocurrencies besides Bitcoin, it is the most prominent one. In order to
understand more about this phenomenon, this essay will explore the history and
inner workings of this digital currency.

Reasons for choosing the text:

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Label: Problem-Solution

Text A: In Ghana, bikes are in high demand. Few people have enough money to afford a car. So
bikes are used to transport most of the country's food and material goods.

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 The people of Ghana are also too poor to finance the construction of factories that build
traditional steel bikes. But mass-producing bicycles from locally grown bamboo is a viable alternative,
says Odlin. He plans to show teams of Ghanian workers how to quickly assemble bamboo bikes. He
estimates each worker will be able to produce about four bikes a day.

Bamboo bikes are a natural fit in Ghana because bamboo grows abundantly throughout the
country. It also grows in the United States. Bamboo is a grass, not a tree, and it is one of the fastest-
growing plants in the world. It can grow up to 40 inches in a single day.

Bamboo has qualities that make it as good as steel for building a durable, comfortable vehicle.
Bamboo contains a large amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2), or silica, a hard compound that is the most
abundant building block of rocks on Earth. A bamboo bike, says Odlin, is "the perfect everyday bike."

Text B: It seems like there has been a surge in teen pregnancies these days. Teen
pregnancies make it very difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and meet the
demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can be easily prevented by using
birth control; however, even birth control is not 100% effective. The most effective way to
prevent teen pregnancies is abstinence, which is 100% effective.

Reasons for choosing the text:

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Reflection:
Put a check mark on the blank which corresponds to how well you learned the lesson.
Items Strongly Agree Moderately Disagree
Agree
I learned how a text is
developed using patterns of
written texts.
I learned the different
patterns of paragraph
development
I am now familiar how to
develop a text using
patterns of written texts.
I learned the importance of
patterns of written texts
across disciplines.

References:
Academic Help (2020). Bitcoin. Last Modified August 10, 2021. https://academichelp.
net/samples/academics/essays/descriptive/bitcoin.html
American Academy of Arts and Sciences “Findings and Trends in Writing Proficiency.” Last
modified August 8, 2021. https://www.amacad.org/humanities-indicators/k-12-
education/writing-proficiency

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EJHS.Blogspot (2012). “The Countryman and the Snake” Last Modified August 0, 2021.
http://englishjuniorhighschool.blogspot.com/2012/04/countryman-and-snake-
countrymans-

EReadingWorksheet (n.d.). Cause and Effect Samples. Last Modified August 10, 2021.
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/cause-
and-effect

Excelsior Online Writing Lab (OWL). “Writing Patterns.” Last modified August 8, 2021.
https://owl.excelsior.edu/orc/what-to-do-after-reading/analyzing/writing-patterns/

Oaks, Susan. (n.d.) “Patterns of Development Overview” Last modified August 8, 2021.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-wm englishcomposition1/ chapter/text-
rhetorical-modes/

Ibona, L. M. R., et al. (n.d.). Headway: Read, Think, and Write: A Comprehensive Worktext
in Reading and Writing for Senior High School. SoLINE Publishing Company Inc. Ceb
u City

Sites (n.d.) Solutions to Ghana. Last modified August 8, 2021. https://sites.google.com/site/

5307 atps85/home/reading/text-structures/example-of-problem-and-solution-text-
structure

The Open University “Definition of a Lesson Plan” Last modified August 8, 2021.
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/page/view.php?id=165697

Torino, Jeanine. “Reading and Writing – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 –
Module 2: Patterns of Written Text” Last modified August 8, 2021. thttps://znnhs.
zdnorte.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ENG11_RAW_Q3_M2.pdf
Your Dictionary (n.d.). “Descriptive Essays Samples.” Last Modified August 10, 2021.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/descriptive-essay-examples.html

Answer Key:
A. 1. Comparison and Contrast, 2. Narrative, 3. Problem-Solution, 4. Causes and
Effects, 5. Descriptive, 6. Classification, 7. Definition
B. 1. Narrative, 2. Causes and Effects, 3. Descriptive – explanations may vary
C. Text A, Both Texts- explanations may vary

Writer: BENJAMIN S. GASPAR

MARIECHRIS M. DAVID
Teacher II

Evaluator: NORLAN D. AGDEPPA

Teacher III

Reviewed: CARMELA T. PEREZ EdD

Education Program Supervisor-I

REYMAR D. PAGUIO PhD

Education Program Supervisor, English
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