CHAPTER iV

DIFFERENT
THERAPEUTIC/TREATMENT MODELS
Modalities in the treatment of offenders in the ph.
The custodial care of adult offenders is handled by the following:

1. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP, under the Department of interior and Local
Government (DILG) which has supervision over all district, city and municipal jails and detention centers.
These jails house detainees awaiting judicial disposition of their case and offenders whose sentence range
from one (1) day to three (3) years.

2. The Provincial Governments, which have supervision and control over provincial jails. These jails house
court detainees and prisoners whose prison terms range from six (6) months and one (1) day, to three (3)
years.

3. The Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) under the Department of Justice (DOJ), which has control over the
national penitentiary and its penal farms, houses convicted offenders with prison sentences ranging from
three (3) years and one (1) day, to life imprisonment.
Modalities in the treatment of offenders in the ph.
Youth offenders in the Philippines

➢ Under the country's laws, these youth offenders are entitled to a suspended
sentence. Instead of serving their sentence, they are rehabilitated in regional
youth rehabilitation centers, which are managed and supervised by the
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).

➢ There are ten (10) rehabilitation centers for youth offenders, one of which is a
National Training School for Boys and the other, a National Training School for
Girls. Their stay in the center can be shorter than their sentence term,
depending on how they respond to the rehabilitation process therein.
Modalities in the treatment of offenders in the ph.
➢ The non-institutional treatment of adult offenders is managed
primarily by the Department of Justice (DOJ) through its parole and
probation administration and the board of pardon.
➢ Probation for adult offenders is available to those whose penalty of
imprisonment does not exceed six (6) years.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY PAROLE AND PROBATION
ADMINISTRATION (PPA)
WHAT IS TC?
➢ The Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people
get help while helping others. It is a treatment environment: the
interactions of its members are designed to he therapeutic within the
context of the norms that require for each to play the dual role of
client-therapist.
HOW DOES THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY LOOK LIKE?
➢ The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff
supervision. Work assignments, called “Job functions" are arranged in a hierarchy,
according to seniority, individual progress and productivity. These include conducting all
house services, such as cooking, cleaning, kitchen service, minor repair, serving as
apprentices and running all departments, conducting meetings and peer encounter
groups.
➢ The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical structure of
older and younger members. Each member has a defined role and responsibilities for
sustaining the proper functioning of the TC. There are sets of rules and community norms
that members upon entry commit to live by and uphold.
WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?
1. The primary "therapist" and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and
staff, who, as role models of successful personal change, serve as guides in the
recovery process.
2. TC adheres to precepts of right living: truth/honesty, Here and now; Personal
responsibility for destiny; Social responsibility (brother's keeper); Moral. Code; Inner
person is "good" but behavior can be "bad"; Change is the Only certainty; Work ethics;
Self-reliance; Psychological converges with philosophical (e.g. guilt kills)
3. It believes that TC is a place where: One can change - unfold; the group can foster
change; individuals must take responsibility; structures must accommodate this; Act as
if
- go through the motion.
4. There are 5 distinct categories of activity that help promote the change:
- Relational/Behavior Management
- Affective/Emotional/Psychological
-Cognitive/Intellectual
-Spiritual
- -Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY BJMP
(PHASES OF TREATMENT)
01 02 03
ENTRY/ORIENTATAION PRIMARY TREATMENT PRE RE-ENTRY
PHASE

04 05
RE ENTRY AFTER CARE
PHASE 1- ENTRY/ORIENTATION PHASE
Once an inmate is committed to jail, he undergoes a series of examination to
determine his physical, social and psychological status. Upon his commitment, a
resident is placed on orientation at Reception and Diagnostic Room/Orientation room.
In here, he is acquainted with the TC programs:
-The rules and norms of the community
-TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
-The staff and the members of the community
-The tools of the house
-Job functions and TC hierarchy
He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support
and will walk him through the orientation phase. At this phase, the resident is handled
gently and is expected to commit mistakes in the process of learning the program.
Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching.
PHASE 2- PRIMARY TREATMENT
After proper orientation on the different TC concepts and tools, the norms
and rules of the community and the staff members, the resident is now ready to
undergo the treatment proper. He becomes a part of the community starting as a crew
member of the Housekeeping department until he gradually ascends in the hierarchy.
He must be knowledgeable on the following:
➢ Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and shape
behavior
➢ Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
➢ Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
➢ Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the resident's need for
growth
➢ Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and
develop insight in the process
➢ Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult lifesituations
➢ Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive
PHASE 3-PRE RE-ENTRY
➢ Under regular circumstances, the resident is expected at this stage to have
internalized the TC values and concept to start life afresh. However, in the jail
setting where entry and release are not within the jail control, residents may not
have reached this phase of treatment before they even leave the jail facility.

➢ Regardless of the resident's length of stay, he is expected to undergo this phase

prior to release into society. At this phase, the resident is expected to have proven
his ability to take on more responsibility hence needs lesser supervision. He is
considered a role model in the TC community. He should focus on the following
learning:
-Rebuilding of social and family ties
-Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
-Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
-Mapping out of plans
PHASE 4- RE-ENTRY
➢ In the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now ready to be released back to
society as he has demonstrated adequate self-control and discipline. The
inmate is now preparing for his life outside of jail and is focused on making
himself a productive citizen. He may start planning for job hunting and
rebuilding family ties and relationships.
➢ In the jail setting, the residents will stay inside the jail until their cases are
resolved or they have been convicted and need to be remanded to the Bureau
of Corrections.
PHASE 4- RE-ENTRY
The resident must focus on the following:
-Transition to life outside of jail.
-Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC
-Learning positive coping skills to deal with day-to-day situations.
-Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support
-Reintegration into the mainstream of society.
-Developing realistic and attainable goals in life.
PHASE 5- AFTERCARE
The resident must focus on the following:
-Transition to life outside of jail.
-Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC
-Learning positive coping skills to deal with day-to-day situations.
-Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support
-Reintegration into the mainstream of society.
-Developing realistic and attainable goals in life.
STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL TCMP
A. Physical environment
✓ The internal and external environment is comfortable, clean and welcoming.

✓ TC Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around the facility.

✓ Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed.

✓ There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific meetings that require privacy.

✓ A clean and well-maintained kitchen that complies with the sanitary standards of BJMP.

✓ Provision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors.

✓ The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to accommodate the inmates.

✓ Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide privacy to users.

✓ Adequate space for sleeping and habitation that respects the individual's personal space.
B. TCMP STAFF
✓ The TCMP staff has undergone proper training on TCMP

✓ Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to supervise the program and conduct the various activities

✓ The TCMP staff will not be transferred to other jails until properly covered by another TC trained staff

✓ There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily basis

✓ TCMP staff can be utilized to handle other tasks but puts priority to TCMP

✓ Regular meetings are held by staff to discuss progress, issues and concerns about the program

✓ All the jail staff are involved in the TCMP and are contributing members

✓ The staff works as a team in delivering services to inmates

✓ The staff serves as role models and treats inmates with respect and dignity

✓ Incentives are given to TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations

C. THERAPEUTIC ENVIRONMENT- THE INMATES/RESIDENTS
✓ The residents treat each other with respect at all times regardless of age, religion, cultural diversity,
etc.

✓ The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness feedbacks in discussing thoughts and
feelings, providing and receiving

✓ Confidentiality is respected and practiced

✓ The residents are involved in decision making and planning in TCMP activities

✓ The participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about transformation among peers

✓ The residents comply with the cardinal and house rules and serve as "watchdogs" for their peers with
the aim of correcting erring members

✓ Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance

✓ The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command.

MORNING MEETING
Is a daily ritual that starts the day in
a TC facility. It is attended by the
whole community and lasts for an
hour. It commences with the
Opening Prayer, Singing of the
Philippine National Anthem and the
recitation of the TC Philosophy.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
➢ The Therapeutic Community (TC) Program represents an effective, highly structured
environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The primary goal is to foster
personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping an individual's behavior and attitudes
through the inmates community working together to help themselves and each other,
restoring self-confidence, and preparing them for their reintegration into their families and
friends as productive members of the community.
➢ Patterned after Daytop TC, New York which is the base of the Therapeutic Community
movement in the world, the BuCor TC program was adopted as part of the Bureau's
holistic approach towards inmate rehabilitation. It is implemented primarily but not limited
to drug dependents.
➢ The TC approach has been continuously proven worldwide as an effective treatment and
rehabilitation modality among drug dependents, and have been noted to be effective in
many prisons. By immersing a drug offender in the TC environment, he learns why he had
developed his destructive habits, which led him to substance
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
➢ As TC family members go on with their daily activities, a strong sense of responsibmily and
concern for each other's welfare are developed. They are constantly being monitored for
their progress and are regularly being evaluated by the TG-trained staff. The IC process
allows for genuine introspection, cultivation of self-worth and positive rationalization that
move the individual towards assuming a greater sense of personal and moral
responsibility.
➢ The efforts of the Bureau of Corrections to rehabilitate Drug dependents under its care
using the TC approach is in line with its commitment to create a Drug-Free Prison.
Worldwide developments in the treatment and rehabilitation of drug offenders using this
therapeutic community approach have been noted to be effective in many prisons.