Chapter 5: Fundamentals of

Database
Question 1:
What is the primary focus of the Physical Database Design?
A. Logical relations
B. How the database is implemented on secondary storage
C. Integrity constraints
D. Security measures
Answer: B
Explanation: The Physical Database Design is concerned with the implementation
of the database on secondary storage.

Question 2:
What does the process of Physical Database Design involve?
A. Defining primary keys
B. Describing the base relations and file organization
C. Analyzing transactions for efficiency

D. All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Physical Database Design involves defining keys, describing base
relations, file organization, and analyzing transactions for efficiency.

Question 3:
Which step in the physical database design process involves choosing an efficient
file organization for each base relation?
A. Designing base relation
B. Designing representation of derived data
C. Designing physical representation

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 1

 D. Designing enterprise constraint
Answer: C
Explanation: In the "Design physical representation" step, the choice of file
organization for base relations is determined for efficiency.

Question 4:
In the physical database design process, what does the step "Design user view"
involve?
A. Determining file organizations
B. Creating data dictionary
C. Designing user interfaces
D. Analyzing transactions
Answer: C
Explanation: The "Design user view" step involves designing user interfaces that
were identified in the conceptual database design methodology.

Question 5:
What is the purpose of the step "Design security mechanisms" in physical database
design?

A. Choosing file organization

B. Implementing integrity constraints

C. Designing access rules and security measures

D. Estimating disk space requirements

Answer: C
Explanation: "Design security mechanisms" involves designing access rules and
security measures for base relations and user views.

Question 6:
Which step in physical database design considers controlled redundancy?
A. Designing representation of derived data

B. Estimating disk space and system requirements

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 2

 C. Designing security mechanisms

D. Considering controlled redundancy

Answer: D

Explanation: The step "Consider controlled redundancy" evaluates whether

introducing controlled redundancy will improve system performance.

Question 7:
What is the main focus of the phase "Translate logical data model for target DBMS"?
A. Creating base relations

B. Understanding DBMS functionalities

C. Designing enterprise constraints

D. Analyzing transactions
Answer: B

Explanation: This phase involves understanding the functionalities of the target

DBMS, including creating base relations and defining keys.

Question 8:
What knowledge is essential during the phase of translating the logical data model?

A. How to create base relations

B. Transaction analysis

C. Enterprise-level constraints
D. All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Essential knowledge includes creating base relations, transaction
analysis, and enterprise-level constraints.

Question 9:
What is the role of the data dictionary in translating the logical data model?

A. Creating base relations

B. Understanding DBMS functionalities

C. Documenting logical model information

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 3

 D. Analyzing transactions

Answer: C

Explanation: The data dictionary is created based on the logical model and
information gathered during translation.

Question 10:
During the "Design base relation" step, what is essential to be fully documented?
A. DBMS functionalities

B. Transaction analysis

C. Base relation design along with justifiable reasons

D. Enterprise constraints

Answer: C
Explanation: Base relation design, along with justifiable reasons, should be fully
documented during this step.

Question 11:
When encountering derived attributes during the analysis of user requirements, what
decision must be made?

A. Whether to store stored attributes in a base relation

B. How to represent derived data

C. Whether to store derived attributes in a base relation or calculate them when

required

D. Both B and C
Answer: D

Explanation: The decision involves how to represent derived data and whether to
store or calculate derived attributes when required.

Question 12:
What is the purpose of the "Design enterprise constraint" step?

A. Documenting logical model information

B. Creating base relations

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 4

 C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data

D. Estimating disk space requirements

Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves defining enterprise-level constraints on the data in
addition to database and data model constraints.

Question 13:
What does the phase "Design physical representation" focus on?
A. Creating base relations

B. Determining optimal file organizations and indexes

C. Analyzing transactions

D. Designing user views

Answer: B

Explanation: This phase focuses on determining optimal file organizations and

indexes for base relations.

Question 14:
In the "Analyze transactions" sub-step of designing physical representation, what is
the goal?
A. Understanding the functionality of transactions

B. Designing access rules

C. Estimating disk space requirements

D. Determining file organizations

Answer: A
Explanation: The goal is to understand the functionality of transactions that will run
on the database.

Question 15:
What does the step "Choose file organization" in physical database design involve?

A. Determining efficient file organization for each base relation

B. Creating base relations

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 5

 C. Designing user views

D. Documenting enterprise constraints

Answer: A

Explanation: This step involves determining an efficient file organization for each
base relation.

Question 16:
What is the purpose of the "Choose indexes" sub-step in designing physical
representation?

A. Estimating disk space requirements

B. Designing access rules

C. Determining an efficient file organization for each base relation

D. Selecting appropriate indexes for performance

Answer: D

Explanation: This sub-step involves selecting appropriate indexes for achieving

acceptable performance.

Question 17:
Why is estimating disk space and system requirements important in the physical
database design process?

A. To determine file organizations

B. To analyze transactions

C. To estimate the amount of disk space required by the database

D. To design user views

Answer: C

Explanation: Estimating disk space is important to understand the amount of

storage required by the database.

Question 18:
What does the "Design access rules" step involve in the physical database design
process?

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 6

 A. Designing security mechanisms
B. Determining file organizations
C. Designing user views

D. Designing rules for accessing base relations and user views

Answer: D

Explanation: This step involves designing rules for accessing base relations and
user views.

Question 19:
Why is considering controlled redundancy a part of physical database design?
A. To document logical model information

B. To improve system performance

C. To determine file organizations

D. To estimate disk space requirements

Answer: B
Explanation: Controlled redundancy is considered to determine if introducing
redundancy improves the performance of the system.

Question 20:
What is the purpose of the phase "Monitor and tune the operational system" in
physical database design?

A. Designing security mechanisms

B. Estimating disk space requirements
C. Improving the performance of the operational system

D. Designing user views

Answer: C
Explanation: This phase aims to monitor and tune the operational system to
improve its performance.

Question 21:

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 7

 During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what decision might a
designer need to make regarding derived attributes?
A. Whether to store stored attributes in a base relation or calculate them when
required
B. How to represent base relations
C. Whether to store derived attributes in a global logical data model

D. Whether to include derived attributes in the logical model

Answer: A

Explanation: The decision involves whether to store derived attributes in a base

relation or calculate them when required.

Question 22:
What is the primary focus of the "Design enterprise constraint" step in physical
database design?

A. Creating base relations

B. Documenting logical model information

C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data

D. Designing security mechanisms
Answer: C

Explanation: This step involves defining enterprise-level constraints on the data.

Question 23:
In the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the primary goal of the sub-
step "Estimate disk space and system requirement"?

A. Designing access rules

B. Analyzing transactions
C. Estimating the amount of disk space required by the database

D. Choosing file organization

Answer: C
Explanation: The goal is to estimate the amount of disk space required by the
database.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 8

 Question 24:
What is the significance of the "Choose indexes" sub-step in designing physical
representation?

A. To design security mechanisms

B. To determine file organizations

C. To select appropriate indexes for performance

D. To estimate disk space requirements
Answer: C

Explanation: This sub-step involves selecting appropriate indexes for achieving

acceptable performance.

Question 25:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the role of the sub-step
"Analyze transactions"?

A. To estimate disk space requirements

B. To choose file organization

C. To understand the functionality of transactions

D. To design user views
Answer: C

Explanation: The goal is to understand the functionality of transactions that will run
on the database.

Question 26:
Why is the knowledge of the selected DBMS essential during the "Translate logical
data model for target DBMS" phase?
A. To determine file organizations
B. To create base relations

C. To understand the functionalities of the DBMS

D. To design access rules
Answer: C

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 9

 Explanation: Knowledge of the DBMS includes understanding its functionalities
during the translation phase.

Question 27:
What is the primary focus of the "Monitor and tune the operational system" phase?

A. Designing security mechanisms

B. Improving the performance of the operational system
C. Estimating disk space requirements

D. Designing user views

Answer: B

Explanation: This phase aims to monitor and tune the operational system to
improve its performance.

Question 28:
What does the "Consider controlled redundancy" step aim to achieve in physical
database design?

A. To design security mechanisms

B. To estimate disk space requirements

C. To improve the performance of the system by introducing redundancy

D. To analyze transactions
Answer: C

Explanation: This step aims to determine whether introducing controlled redundancy

improves the performance of the system.

Question 29:
During the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS" phase, what is the
purpose of understanding DBMS functionalities?
A. To determine file organizations
B. To create base relations

C. To design access rules

D. To fulfill necessary requirements for the intended database

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 10

 Answer: D
Explanation: Understanding DBMS functionalities is crucial to fulfill necessary
requirements for the intended database.

Question 30:
In the "Design user view" step, what is the focus of designing user views?
A. Creating base relations
B. Designing user interfaces identified in the conceptual database design

C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data

D. Documenting logical model information

Answer: B
Explanation: The focus is on designing user interfaces identified in the conceptual
database design.

Question 31:
What is the role of the data dictionary in the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?
A. To determine file organizations

B. To create base relations

C. To create a relational database schema in the target DBMS
D. To understand DBMS functionalities

Answer: C
Explanation: The data dictionary is used to create a relational database schema in
the target DBMS during this phase.

Question 32:
During the "Design access rules" step, what is the primary objective?
A. Designing security mechanisms
B. Designing rules for accessing base relations and user views

C. Estimating disk space requirements

D. Choosing file organization

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 11

 Answer: B
Explanation: The primary objective is designing rules for accessing base relations
and user views.

Question 33:
What does the "Design representation of derived data" step focus on?
A. Creating base relations

B. Documenting logical model information

C. Designing user views
D. Handling attributes derived from existing or other attributes

Answer: D
Explanation: This step focuses on handling attributes derived from existing or other
attributes.

Question 34:
In the "Design physical representation" phase, what does the sub-step "Choose file
organization" involve?
A. Determining efficient file organization for each base relation

B. Creating base relations

C. Designing user views
D. Documenting enterprise constraints

Answer: A

Explanation: This sub-step involves determining efficient file organization for each
base relation.

Question 35:
What is the primary concern of the "Physical Database Design" process?
A. Logical relations
B. How the database is implemented on secondary storage
C. Integrity constraints

D. Security measures

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 12

 Answer: B

Explanation: Physical Database Design is concerned with how the database is

implemented on secondary storage.

Question 36:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the significance of the
sub-step "Estimate disk space and system requirement"?
A. To design access rules
B. To analyze transactions

C. To determine file organizations

D. To estimate the amount of disk space required by the database
Answer: D
Explanation: The goal is to estimate the amount of disk space required by the
database.

Question 37:
What is the primary goal of the "Analyze transactions" sub-step in designing physical
representation?
A. Understanding the functionality of transactions
B. Designing access rules
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Determining file organizations

Answer: A
Explanation: The goal is to understand the functionality of transactions that will run
on the database.

Question 38:
Why is the step "Choose indexes" important in physical database design?
A. To document logical model information
B. To improve system performance

C. To determine file organizations

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 13

 D. To estimate disk space requirements

Answer: B
Explanation: This step is crucial for selecting appropriate indexes to enhance
system performance.

Question 39:
What is the purpose of the "Design security mechanisms" step in physical database
design?
A. Choosing file organization

B. Implementing integrity constraints

C. Designing access rules and security measures
D. Estimating disk space requirements
Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves designing access rules and security measures for
base relations and user views.

Question 40:
What is the primary focus of the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS"
phase?
A. Creating base relations
B. Understanding DBMS functionalities
C. Designing enterprise constraints

D. Analyzing transactions
Answer: B
Explanation: This phase involves understanding the functionalities of the target
DBMS, including creating base relations and defining keys.

Question 41:
During the "Design enterprise constraint" step, what type of constraints are
considered?
A. Database and data model constraints only

B. Enterprise-dependent constraints only

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 14

 C. Constraints on the database and data model, as well as enterprise-dependent
constraints
D. File organization constraints
Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves considering constraints on the database, data
model, and enterprise-dependent constraints.

Question 42:
What is the primary focus of the "Consider controlled redundancy" step?

A. Improving system performance by introducing redundancy

B. Documenting logical model information
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Designing user views
Answer: A

Explanation: This step aims to determine whether introducing controlled redundancy

improves the performance of the system.

Question 43:
In the "Design physical representation" phase, what does the sub-step "Choose
indexes" aim to achieve?
A. To estimate disk space requirements
B. To design access rules

C. To select appropriate indexes for performance

D. To determine file organizations
Answer: C
Explanation: This sub-step involves selecting appropriate indexes to achieve
acceptable performance.

Question 44:
What is the significance of the "Design user view" step in physical database design?

A. To design security mechanisms

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 15

 B. To create a relational database schema in the target DBMS

C. To design user interfaces identified in the conceptual database design

D. To estimate disk space requirements
Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves designing user interfaces identified in the
conceptual database design.

Question 45:
During the "Design security mechanisms" step, what does the designer focus on?
A. Choosing file organization
B. Designing access rules and security measures
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Creating base relations
Answer: B

Explanation: This step involves designing access rules and security measures for
base relations and user views.

Question 46:
What does the "Monitor and tune the operational system" phase aim to achieve?
A. Designing security mechanisms
B. Estimating disk space requirements
C. Improving the performance of the operational system

D. Designing user views

Answer: C
Explanation: This phase aims to monitor and tune the operational system to
improve its performance.

Question 47:
In the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS" phase, what is created based
on the logical model and information gathered?

A. Base relations

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 16

 B. Data dictionary
C. User views
D. Enterprise constraints
Answer: B
Explanation: The data dictionary is created based on the logical model and
information gathered during translation.

Question 48:
What is the primary objective of the "Design access rules" step?
A. Designing security mechanisms
B. Designing rules for accessing base relations and user views
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Choosing file organization
Answer: B

Explanation: The primary objective is designing rules for accessing base relations
and user views.

Question 49:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what may be included in the
data dictionary?
A. Logical model information only
B. Derived attributes only

C. Enterprise constraints only

D. Attributes derived from existing or other attributes
Answer: D
Explanation: The data dictionary may include attributes derived from existing or
other attributes during this step.

Question 50:
What is the primary goal of the "Analyze transactions" sub-step in designing physical
representation?

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 17

 A. Understanding the functionality of transactions
B. Designing access rules
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Determining file organizations
Answer: A
Explanation: The goal is to understand the functionality of transactions that will run
on the database.

Question 51:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the main focus of the
sub-step "Choose file organization"?
A. Determining efficient file organization for each base relation
B. Creating base relations
C. Designing user views

D. Documenting enterprise constraints

Answer: A
Explanation: This sub-step involves determining efficient file organization for each
base relation.

Question 52:
What knowledge is essential during the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?

A. How to create base relations

B. Transaction analysis
C. Enterprise-level constraints
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Explanation: Essential knowledge includes creating base relations, transaction

analysis, and enterprise-level constraints.

Question 53:

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 18

 In the "Design representation of derived data" step, what decision must be made
regarding derived attributes?
A. Whether to store stored attributes in a base relation
B. How to represent base relations
C. Whether to store derived attributes in a global logical data model
D. Whether to include derived attributes in the logical model

Answer: A
Explanation: The decision involves whether to store derived attributes in a base
relation or calculate them when required.

Question 54:
What is the primary focus of the "Design physical representation" phase?
A. Creating base relations
B. Determining optimal file organizations and indexes

C. Analyzing transactions
D. Designing user views
Answer: B
Explanation: This phase focuses on determining optimal file organizations and
indexes for base relations.

Question 55:
What is the role of the data dictionary in the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?
A. To determine file organizations
B. To create base relations
C. To create a relational database schema in the target DBMS
D. To understand DBMS functionalities

Answer: C
Explanation: The data dictionary is used to create a relational database schema in
the target DBMS during this phase.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 19

 Question 56:
During the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS" phase, what does
knowledge of the DBMS include?
A. How to create base relations
B. Whether the system supports definition of Primary key
C. Whether the system supports definition of Foreign key

D. All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Knowledge of the DBMS includes how to create base relations and
whether it supports keys and other constraints.

Question 57:
What does the "Design representation of derived data" step involve?
A. Creating base relations

B. Documenting logical model information

C. Designing user views
D. Handling attributes derived from existing or other attributes
Answer: D
Explanation: This step involves handling attributes derived from existing or other
attributes.

Question 58:
During the "Design enterprise constraint" step, what factors influence constraint
definition?
A. Database and data model constraints only
B. Enterprise-dependent constraints only
C. Both database and data model constraints, as well as enterprise-dependent
constraints
D. File organization constraints
Answer: C

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 20

 Explanation: Both database and data model constraints, as well as enterprise-
dependent constraints, influence constraint definition.

Question 59:
What does the "Design physical representation" phase aim to achieve?
A. Creating base relations
B. Determining optimal file organizations and indexes for performance
C. Designing access rules

D. Documenting logical model information

Answer: B
Explanation: This phase aims to determine optimal file organizations and indexes
for performance.

Question 60:
What is the main focus of the "Consider controlled redundancy" step in physical
database design?

A. Improving system performance by introducing redundancy

B. Documenting logical model information
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Designing user views
Answer: A

Explanation: This step aims to determine whether introducing controlled redundancy

improves the performance of the system.

Question 61:
In the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS" phase, what is the role of
understanding the functionalities of the target DBMS?
A. To estimate disk space requirements
B. To create base relations
C. To design access rules

D. To fulfill necessary requirements for the intended database

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 21

 Answer: D
Explanation: Understanding DBMS functionalities is crucial to fulfilling necessary
requirements for the intended database.

Question 62:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the significance of the
sub-step "Estimate disk space and system requirement"?
A. To design access rules

B. To analyze transactions
C. To determine file organizations
D. To estimate the amount of disk space required by the database
Answer: D
Explanation: The goal is to estimate the amount of disk space required by the
database.

Question 63:
What does the "Design security mechanisms" step involve in physical database
design?
A. Choosing file organization
B. Implementing integrity constraints
C. Designing access rules and security measures

D. Estimating disk space requirements

Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves designing access rules and security measures for
base relations and user views.

Question 64:
In the "Design user view" step, what is the focus of designing user views?
A. Creating base relations

B. Designing user interfaces identified in the conceptual database design

C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 22

 D. Documenting logical model information
Answer: B
Explanation: The focus is on designing user interfaces identified in the conceptual
database design.

Question 65:
What is the primary goal of the "Analyze transactions" sub-step in designing physical
representation?

A. Understanding the functionality of transactions

B. Designing access rules
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Determining file organizations
Answer: A

Explanation: The goal is to understand the functionality of transactions that will run
on the database.

Question 66:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what may be included in the
data dictionary?
A. Logical model information only
B. Derived attributes only

C. Enterprise constraints only

D. Attributes derived from existing or other attributes
Answer: D
Explanation: The data dictionary may include attributes derived from existing or
other attributes during this step.

Question 67:
What is the purpose of the "Design access rules" step in physical database design?

A. Choosing file organization

B. Designing security mechanisms

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 23

 C. Designing rules for accessing base relations and user views
D. Estimating disk space requirements
Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves designing rules for accessing base relations and
user views.

Question 68:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what decision must be made
regarding derived attributes?
A. Whether to store stored attributes in a base relation or calculate them when
required
B. How to represent base relations
C. Whether to store derived attributes in a global logical data model

D. Whether to include derived attributes in the logical model

Answer: A
Explanation: The decision involves whether to store derived attributes in a base
relation or calculate them when required.

Question 69:
What is the primary focus of the "Consider controlled redundancy" step?
A. Improving system performance by introducing redundancy
B. Documenting logical model information
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Designing user views
Answer: A
Explanation: This step aims to determine whether introducing controlled redundancy
improves the performance of the system.

Question 70:
What does the "Design physical representation" phase aim to achieve?
A. Creating base relations

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 24

 B. Determining optimal file organizations and indexes for performance
C. Designing access rules

D. Documenting logical model information

Answer: B
Explanation: This phase aims to determine optimal file organizations and indexes
for performance.

Question 71:
What is the role of the data dictionary in the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?

A. To determine file organizations

B. To create base relations
C. To create a relational database schema in the target DBMS
D. To understand DBMS functionalities
Answer: C
Explanation: The data dictionary is used to create a relational database schema in
the target DBMS during this phase.

Question 72:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what factors might impact
the decision on how to represent derived data?
A. Logical model information only
B. Enterprise constraints only
C. Requirements from users only
D. Both A and C
Answer: D
Explanation: The decision may be influenced by both logical model information and
requirements from users.

Question 73:

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 25

 What knowledge is essential during the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?
A. How to create base relations
B. Transaction analysis
C. Enterprise-level constraints
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Essential knowledge includes creating base relations, transaction
analysis, and enterprise-level constraints.

Question 74:
In the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the role of the sub-step
"Choose indexes"?
A. To estimate disk space requirements
B. To design access rules
C. To select appropriate indexes for performance

D. To determine file organizations

Answer: C
Explanation: This sub-step involves selecting appropriate indexes to achieve
acceptable performance.

Question 75:
What is the primary focus of the "Design enterprise constraint" step in physical
database design?

A. Creating base relations

B. Documenting logical model information
C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data
D. Designing security mechanisms
Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves defining enterprise-level constraints on the data.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 26

 Question 76:
What does the "Monitor and tune the operational system" phase aim to achieve?

A. Designing security mechanisms

B. Estimating disk space requirements
C. Improving the performance of the operational system
D. Designing user views
Answer: C
Explanation: This phase aims to monitor and tune the operational system to
improve its performance.

Question 77:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the main focus of the
sub-step "Choose file organization"?
A. Determining efficient file organization for each base relation
B. Creating base relations
C. Designing user views
D. Documenting enterprise constraints
Answer: A
Explanation: This sub-step involves determining efficient file organization for each
base relation.

Question 78:
Why is considering controlled redundancy a part of physical database design?

A. To document logical model information

B. To improve system performance
C. To determine file organizations
D. To estimate disk space requirements
Answer: B
Explanation: Controlled redundancy is considered to determine if introducing
redundancy improves the performance of the system.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 27

 Question 79:
What is the primary focus of the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS"
phase?
A. Creating base relations
B. Understanding DBMS functionalities
C. Designing enterprise constraints
D. Analyzing transactions
Answer: B

Explanation: This phase involves understanding the functionalities of the target

DBMS, including creating base relations and defining keys.

Question 80:
What is the significance of the "Choose indexes" step in physical database design?
A. To document logical model information
B. To improve system performance
C. To determine file organizations
D. To estimate disk space requirements
Answer: B
Explanation: This step is crucial for selecting appropriate indexes to enhance
system performance.

Question 81:
What is the primary goal of the "Consider controlled redundancy" step in physical
database design?

A. Improving system performance by introducing redundancy

B. Documenting logical model information
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Designing user views
Answer: A
Explanation: This step aims to determine whether introducing controlled redundancy
improves the performance of the system.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 28

 Question 82:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what does the sub-step "Choose
indexes" aim to achieve?
A. To estimate disk space requirements
B. To design access rules
C. To select appropriate indexes for performance
D. To determine file organizations

Answer: C
Explanation: This sub-step involves selecting appropriate indexes to achieve
acceptable performance.

Question 83:
In the "Design user view" step, what is the focus of designing user views?
A. Creating base relations
B. Designing user interfaces identified in the conceptual database design
C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data
D. Documenting logical model information
Answer: B
Explanation: The focus is on designing user interfaces identified in the conceptual
database design.

Question 84:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what may be included in the
data dictionary?
A. Logical model information only
B. Derived attributes only
C. Enterprise constraints only
D. Attributes derived from existing or other attributes
Answer: D

Explanation: The data dictionary may include attributes derived from existing or
other attributes during this step.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 29

 Question 85:
What is the primary focus of the "Monitor and tune the operational system" phase?

A. Designing security mechanisms

B. Estimating disk space requirements
C. Improving the performance of the operational system
D. Designing user views
Answer: C
Explanation: This phase aims to monitor and tune the operational system to
improve its performance.

Question 86:
During the "Design security mechanisms" step, what does the designer focus on?
A. Choosing file organization
B. Designing access rules and security measures
C. Estimating disk space requirements

D. Creating base relations

Answer: B
Explanation: This step involves designing access rules and security measures for
base relations and user views.

Question 87:
In the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS" phase, what is created based
on the logical model and information gathered?

A. Base relations
B. Data dictionary
C. User views
D. Enterprise constraints
Answer: B
Explanation: The data dictionary is created based on the logical model and
information gathered during translation.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 30

 Question 88:
What is the primary objective of the "Design access rules" step?

A. Designing security mechanisms

B. Designing rules for accessing base relations and user views
C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Choosing file organization
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary objective is designing rules for accessing base relations
and user views.

Question 89:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what decision must be made
regarding derived attributes?
A. Whether to store stored attributes in a base relation or calculate them when
required

B. How to represent base relations

C. Whether to store derived attributes in a global logical data model
D. Whether to include derived attributes in the logical model
Answer: A
Explanation: The decision involves whether to store derived attributes in a base
relation or calculate them when required.

Question 90:
What is the role of the data dictionary in the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?
A. To determine file organizations
B. To create base relations
C. To create a relational database schema in the target DBMS
D. To understand DBMS functionalities
Answer: C

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 Explanation: The data dictionary is used to create a relational database schema in
the target DBMS during this phase.

Question 91:
During the "Design representation of derived data" step, what factors might impact
the decision on how to represent derived data?
A. Logical model information only
B. Enterprise constraints only
C. Requirements from users only
D. Both A and C

Answer: D
Explanation: The decision may be influenced by both logical model information and
requirements from users.

Question 92:
What knowledge is essential during the "Translate logical data model for target
DBMS" phase?
A. How to create base relations

B. Transaction analysis
C. Enterprise-level constraints
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Essential knowledge includes creating base relations, transaction
analysis, and enterprise-level constraints.

Question 93:
In the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the role of the sub-step
"Choose indexes"?
A. To estimate disk space requirements
B. To design access rules
C. To select appropriate indexes for performance

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 D. To determine file organizations
Answer: C

Explanation: This sub-step involves selecting appropriate indexes to achieve

acceptable performance.

Question 94:
What is the primary focus of the "Design enterprise constraint" step in physical
database design?
A. Creating base relations
B. Documenting logical model information

C. Defining enterprise-level constraints on the data

D. Designing security mechanisms
Answer: C
Explanation: This step involves defining enterprise-level constraints on the data.

Question 95:
What does the "Monitor and tune the operational system" phase aim to achieve?

A. Designing security mechanisms

B. Estimating disk space requirements
C. Improving the performance of the operational system
D. Designing user views
Answer: C
Explanation: This phase aims to monitor and tune the operational system to
improve its performance.

Question 96:
During the "Design physical representation" phase, what is the main focus of the
sub-step "Choose file organization"?
A. Determining efficient file organization for each base relation
B. Creating base relations
C. Designing user views

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Database 33

 D. Documenting enterprise constraints

Answer: A
Explanation: This sub-step involves determining efficient file organization for each
base relation.

Question 97:
Why is considering controlled redundancy a part of physical database design?
A. To document logical model information
B. To improve system performance
C. To determine file organizations
D. To estimate disk space requirements
Answer: B
Explanation: Controlled redundancy is considered to determine if introducing
redundancy improves the performance of the system.

Question 98:
What is the primary focus of the "Translate logical data model for target DBMS"
phase?
A. Creating base relations
B. Understanding DBMS functionalities
C. Designing enterprise constraints
D. Analyzing transactions
Answer: B

Explanation: This phase involves understanding the functionalities of the target

DBMS, including creating base relations and defining keys.

Question 99:
What is the significance of the "Choose indexes" step in physical database design?
A. To document logical model information
B. To improve system performance
C. To determine file organizations

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 D. To estimate disk space requirements

Answer: B
Explanation: This step is crucial for selecting appropriate indexes to enhance
system performance.

Question 100:
What is the main focus of the "Consider controlled redundancy" step in physical
database design?
A. Improving system performance by introducing redundancy

B. Documenting logical model information

C. Estimating disk space requirements
D. Designing user views
Answer: A
Explanation: This step aims to determine whether introducing controlled redundancy
improves the performance of the system.

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