[MAA 5.

11] DEFINITE INTEGRALS – AREAS

SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

DEFINITE INTEGRALS – PROPERTIES

O. Practice questions
1.
1 e 7

0
(2x  3)dx =4 
1 x
dx =7
2 1 e5  e3

1
(2x  3)dx =6 
0
e 2 x  3 dx
2
2 4 1
 (2x  3)dx
0
= 10 
0 x 1
dx = ln5
2 10
 (2x  3)dx
2
= 12 
0
xdx =50
1 10
 (e  2)dx 
x
= e+1 5dx =50
0 0
 10
 (sin x  cos x)dx
0
=2 
4
dx =6

2. (a) f (x)  ln x (b) 3ln3-2

3.
7
 3 f ( x)dx
5
24
5
 f ( x)dx
7
-2
7
 ( f ( x)  1)dx
5
10
7
 ( f ( x)  x)dx
5
20
7
 [ f ( x)  4 g ( x)]dx
5
0
8 8
 f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx
5 7
8
6 7
3 f ( x)dx   3 f ( x)dx 24
5 6
10
 f ( x  3)dx
8
8
3.5
 f (2 x)dx
2.5
4
1 1
4. (a)  2 x  3 dx  2 In 2 x  3  C
3
1
3 1  1 1 1
(b)  dx   ln 2 x  3 = ln 9  ln 3 = ln 3 = ln 3
0 2x  3  2 0 2 2 2
Thus P = 3
1 1
(c) ln(2m  3)  ln 3  1  ln(2m  3)  ln 3  2
2 2
2m  3 2m  3 3e 2  3
 ln 2   e 2  2m  3  3e 2  m 
3 3 2

1
A. Exam style questions (SHORT)
k
1
 x  2 dx  [ln ( x  2)] ln (k  2)  ln1
k
5. 3=
3
ln (k  2)  ln1 = ln 7 k  2 = 7 , thus k = 9
k
k 1  3  1 3
6.  1  2 dx 
1  x  
2 
x  
x 1 2
1 3
k –  2k2 – 3k – 2 = 0  (2k + 1)(k – 2) = 0
k 2
k = 2 since k > 1
a

 cos x dx = 0.740  a = 1.047 (using a graphic display calculator)

2
7.
0

1
8. (a) × 10 = 5
2

 g x dx   4dx = 10 + [4x]

3 3
3
(b) 1 = 10 + 8 = 18
1 1

9. (a) (i) 16
3 3
(ii)  0
f ( x)dx   2dx  14
0
d
(b)  c
f ( x  2) d x  8
c  2, d  5
10. (a) 10
3 3 3
(b)  3 x 2  f  x  dx   3 x 2 dx   f  x  dx
1 1 1

1
3
3 x 2 dx    3
x3 1  27  1 = 26
3
Thus  3 x 2  f  x  dx = 26 +5 = 31
1

d
11. (a)  f ( x)  g ( x)   f ( x)  g ( x)  f (4)  g (4)   7  4  11
dx

  g ( x)  6 dx   g ( x)  6 x    g (3)  g (1)   18  6   (2  1)  12  13

3 3 3
(b) 1 1
1

5 5
12. (a)  3 f  x  dx  3  f x dx = 12
1 1
5
Thus 1
f ( x ) dx  4

 f  x  dx    f  x  dx ,  f  x  dx   4
1 5 1
Since
5 1 5

2 5 5
(b) I=  x  f x dx   x  f x dx   x  f x dx
1 2 1
5 5
 1
xd x   f  x  dx
1
5
5  x2  25 1
 1
xdx      = 12
 2 1 2 2
I = 4+12 = 16

2
 AREAS

O. Practice questions
 3 3
13. (a) (i)  0
2
cos xdx  1 , `(ii)  
2
2
cos xdx  2 `(iii) 0
2
cos xdx  1

(b) (i) 1 (ii) 2` (iii) 3

32
14. (a) ( 2  1)  4.42
3
(b) 10.7

15.
Region enclosed by Expression for the area Area
f (x) = cos(x2) and g(x) = ex, 0

for –1.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.5. 1.11

cos x 2  e x dx 0.282

y = sin x and y = x2 – 2x + 1.5, 1.7010

for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. 0.6617
(sin x  ( x 2  2 x  1.5)) dx 0.271

y = lnx and y = ex – e, 1

for x > 0. 0 . 233

(ln x  e x  e)d x 0.201

2 0 .74757  
and y = ex/3,
x
y  2  e3  dx=
1 x 2
1 .5247  1  x 2



1.22
for –3 ≤ x ≤ 3.
2.72
f ( x )  4  x 2 and
g ( x )  ( x  1) cos x 
1.92
(4  x 2  ( x  1) cos x)dx 9.41
1.278
y  e x  x  1
and the coordinate axes
 0
(e x  x  1)dx 1.18

sin x 3π
f :x֏ , and x -axis sin x
x  x
dx 0.690
for π  x  3π π

y  x 3  3 x 2  9 x  27 4

and the line y  x  3 –3

y1 – y 2 dx 101.75

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

16. (a) f ( x )  3cos( x  2)

(b)  f ( x)dx   (1  3 sin( x  2))dx = x – 3 cos(x + 2) + c
(b) (i) 1 + 3sin(x + 2) = 0, Required value of a = 1.48
(ii) 6.26
1

12x
2
17. (a) (1 – x)dx
0
1
1
 x3 x4  1 1
(b)
0

12 ( x 2  x 3 ) dx= 12    = 12    = 1
3 4 0 3 4
3π 3π
 3π   2 2
18. Area = 0
4
sinx dx = [–cos x] 04 =  – cos

 – (– cos 0)= –  –
4   2 
 – (–1) = 1 +
 2

3
19. (a) p=3
π
2 
(b) Area = 
0
3 cos xdx = [3 sin x] 02 = 3 square units

20. (i) 2x + ln(x – 1) + c

 4 1 
dx = 2 x  ln( x  1) 2 = (8 + ln3) – (4 + ln1) = 4 + ln3
4
 
4
(ii) A= ( x)dx=  2 
f Accept
2
 2  x 1
21. (a)

22. (a) x 1, x  π

23.

24. x 2  2a 2  x 2  2 x 2  2a 2  x 2  a 2  x   a
a a a

 (2a  x  x )dx  2  (2a  2 x )dx  4  (a 2  x 2 )dx

2 2 2 2 2

a 0 0
a
 x   3
a  8a 3 3
 4 a2 x    4  a3   
 3 0  3 3

4
 k
25. Area =  0
sin 2 xdx = 0.85
k
k  1  1
 0
sin 2 xdx =  cos 2 x  =
 2 0 2
cos 2k  0.5

1
Equation cos 2k  0.5 = 0.85 (  cos 2k =  0.7)
2
THEN k = 1.17
k
OR directly by using SolveN :  0
sin 2 xdx = 0.85  k = 1.17
a 1
26. 1 x
dx = 2  [ln x]1a = 2 ln a = 2 a = e2

27. (a) 2.31

(b) (i) 1.02 (ii) 2.59
q
©  p
f ( x)dx = 9.96
split into two regions, make the area below the x-axis positive

28. (a) cos x + sin x = 0  cos x = - sin x  tan x = –l

3π
x=
4
3π
(b) Required area = 0
4
e x (cos x + sin x) dx = 7.46 sq units
29. (a)  (3.14)

e
x
(b) (i) sin x dx
0

(ii) Area = 12.1

 3 ( x 2  1)  ( 3 x) (2 x )  3x 2  3  6 x 2 3x 2  3 3( x 2  1)
30. (a) (i) f ′ (x) = = = =
( x 2  1) 2 ( x 2  1) 2 ( x 2 1) 2 ( x 2 1) 2
a   3 x  a 3aa 3x 2  3
(b) Area =
0 
0 ( x 2  1) 2
dx =
 
or
0

  x2  1   a2  1
g ( x ) dx =

3a 1
Area = 2   2 = 2  2a2 + 3a  2 = 0  a = a =  2 (rejected)
a 1 2
a
 1  a 4
31. Area under parabola = 2
0 

(a 2  x 2 ) dx = 2 a 2 x  x 3  = a3
3 0 3
2
Since PQ = 2a, the dimensions of the rectangle are 2a × a2.
3

32. (a) At A, x = 0.753, At B, x = 2.45

2.45
(b) Area 0.753
ydx = 1.78

33. (a) f(x) = 0  a = –1.73, b = 1.73 (a   3 , b  3 )

(b) EITHER setting f′(x) = 0, OR directly by GDC c = 1.15
(c) finding 2 areas
0 1.149...
 
1.73...
f ( x)dx   0
f ( x)dx

area = 2.07 (accept 2.06)

5
B. Exam style questions (LONG)
dy 1
34. (a) y = ln x  
dx x
dy 1
when x = e, 
dx e
1 x
tangent line: y – 1 =   (x – e)  y =
e e
0
x=0y= = 0 Thud (0, 0) is on line
e
d 1
(b) (x ln x – x) = (1) × ln x + x ×   – 1 = ln x
dx  x
(c) Area = area of triangle – area under curve
1  e e e
2  1 2 
=   e  1  lnxdx =  [ x ln x  x]1e =
2
– {(elne – 1 ln1) – (e – 1)}

e 1
= – {e – 0 – e + 1}= e – 1.
2 2

35. (a) f (1) = 2

f ′(x) = 4x, f ′(1) = 4
T: y – 2 = 4(x –1)  y = 4x – 2
1
(b) 4x – 2 = 0  x=
2
(c) METHOD 1 (using only integrals)
0.5 1
(i) Area =, 
0
2 x 2dx   f x  4 x  2 dx
0.5

2x 3
(ii)  , 4 x  2  dx  2 x 2  2 x
2 x 2 dx  
3
1 2 1 1  1
Area =   2  2     1 =
12 3  12 2  6
METHOD 2 (using integral and triangle)
1 1 1
(i) Area =  f x dx – area of triangle =  f x dx  2 ,
0 0

2x3
(ii)  2 x 2 dx 
3
2 1 1
Area =  =
3 2 6
1 1
36. (a) f ′(x) = f ′(4) =
2 x 4
gradient of normal = – 4
normal; y – 2 = –4(x – 4)  y = –4x + 18
18  9 
(b) –4x + 18 = 0  x =  
4  2
4 4.5 4 1
(c) area of R =  0 
x dx  (4 x  18)dx,
4
OR 0
xdx   0.5  2 (triangle)
2
4
2 3
 2 32 1 16 1 35
(d) R =  x 2  + 0.5 = 4    
3 0 3 2 3 2 6

6
37. (a) (i) intersection points x =3.77, x = 8.30
8.30 8.30 8.30
 g  x  dx   f  x  dx =   4 cos 0.5 x   2  ln 3x  2  1 dx
3.77 3.77 3.77

(ii) A = 6.46
3
(b) (i) f  x  
3x  2
(ii) g(x) = 2 sin (0.5x)
(c) f (x) = g (x)
x = 1.43, x = 6.10

38. (a) y = x(x – 4)2

(i) y = 0  x = 0 or x = 4
dy
(ii) = 1(x – 4)2 + x × 2(x – 4) = (x – 4)(x – 4 + 2x) = (x – 4)(3x – 4)
dx
dy 4
= 0  x = 4 or x =
dx 3
dy 
x 1  (3)(1)  3  0 
dx  4
  is a maximum
dy 3
x2  (2)( 2)  4  0
dx 

Note: A second derivative test may be used
4 256  4 256 
x= y= Thus  , 
3 27  3 27 
d2 y d
(iii)  ( x  4)(3x  4)  d (3x2 – 16x + 16) = 6x – 16
dx 2 dx dx
d2 y 8
2
= 0  6x – 16 = 0 x =
dx 3
(b)
y
max pt.
10

pt. of inflexion

0
0 1 2 3 4 x
x–intercepts
(c) (i) See diagram above
(ii) 0 < y < 10 for 0  x  4
4 4 4 4
So  0
0dx  
0 
ydx  10dx  0  ydx  40
0  0

7
39. (a)
y
3

2 (1.25, 1.73)

1
(2.3, 0)

–3 –2 –1 x
1 2 3
(–2.3, 0)
–1

(–1.25, –1.73) –2

(b) x = 2.31
x2
(c)  ( π sin x  x )dx   π cos x 
2
C
1
Required area =  (π sin x  x)dx = 0.944
0

40. (a)(i)&(c)(i)

(1.1, 0.55)

(1.51, 0)
0 x
1 2

–1

(2, –1.66)

(ii) Approximate positions are

positive x-intercept (1.57,0), max point (1.1,0.55), end points (0, 0) and (2,–1.66)
π
(b) x2cos x = 0 x ≠ 0 ⇒ cos x = 0 x =
2
π/2
(c) (i) see graph (ii)  0
x 2 cos x dx
(d) Integral = 0.467 by GDC OR

 π/2 π2
 π 
Integral = x 2 sin x  2 x cos x  2 sin x 0 =  (1)  2 (0)  2(1) – [0 + 0 – 0]
 4 2 
π
= – 2 (exact) or 0.467 (3 s.f.)
2

8
41. (a)
y

4
{0.5<
(A1)
x<1
3.5<y<4
MAXIMUM
POINT

2
{
integers (A1)
1 on axis

x
1 2 3 4 5
LEFT RIGHT
(b)  is a solution if and only if  +  cos = 0.
Now  +  cos =  + (–1) = 0
(c) x = 3.696 722 9... = 3.69672 (6s.f.)
π
(d) 
See graph: ( π  x cos x)dx
0
π
(e)  (π  x cos x)dx = 7.86960 (6 s.f.)
0

42. (a) a = –3, b = 5

(b) (i) f (x) = –3x2 + 4x + 15
5
–3x2 + 4x + 15 = 0  x = – or x = 3
3
(iii) x = 3  f (3) = –27 + 18 + 45 =36
(c) (i) At x = 0, f (0) = 15
Line through (0, 0) of gradient 15  y = 15x
(ii) –x3 + 2x2 + 15x = 15x  –x3 + 2x2 = 0  –x2 (x – 2) = 0  x = 2
OR by GDC x=2
(d) Area =115 (3 s.f.)

43. (a) (i) f (x) = cos x (2sin x cos x) – sin x (sin x)2 = sin x{2 cos2 x – sin2 x}
(ii) f (x) = 0  sin x{2 cos2 x – sin2 x} = 0  sin x{3cos2 x – 1} = 0
1
 3cos2 x – 1 = 0  cos x = ±  
 3
1
At A, f(x) > 0, hence cos x =  
 3
 1 1 2 2
(iii) f (x) = (sin x) 2 cos x  (1  cos 2 x) cos x   1    ( 3)
 3 3 3 3 9
π
(b) x=
2

9
 1
 (cos x)(sin x) dx  sin 3 x  c
2
(c) (i)
3
1   1
3
π/2 π
(ii) Area =
0  (cosx)(sin x ) 2 dx   sin   (sin 0) 3  =
3  2  3
(f) (i) f ( x )  2sin x cos 2 x  sin 3 x
f ( x)  2 cos x cos 2 x  2sin x(2 cos x sin x)  3sin 2 x cos x
 2 cos 3 x  4 cos x sin 2 x  3sin 2 x cos x
 2 cos 3 x  7 cos x sin 2 x  2 cos 3 x  7 cos x (1  cos 2 x )
 9(cos x )3  7 cos x
(ii) At C f (x) = 0  9cos3 x – 7 cos x = 0 cos x(9cos2 x – 7) = 0

π 7
  x = (reject) or cos 2 x 
2 9
7
cos x 
3
1
1  1  1 1 1
e dx   – e – kx  = – (e–k – e0) = – (e–k – 1) = – (1 – e–k)
– kx
44. (a)
0
 k 0 k k k
(b) k = 0.5
(i)
y

(0,1)
1

x
–1 0 1 2 3

(ii) Shading (see graph)

1 1
e (1 – e05) OR Area = 0.787 (3 s.f.)
– kx
(iii) Area = dx =
0 0.5
dy
(c) (i) = –ke–kx
dx
(ii) x = 1 y = 0.8  0.8 = e –k  ln 0.8 = – k k = – ln 0.8 (= 0.223)
dy dy
(iii) At x = 1 = 0.8ln0.8 OR = –0.178 (or – 0.179)
dx dx
3
45. (a) (i) f (x) =  x 1
2
1
f (2) =  2, gradient of the normal  
2
1  1 
y  3  ( x  2)  or y  x  2 
2  2 
3 2 1 4
(ii)  x  x  4  x  2  3x2  2x  8 = 0  x =    1.33
4 2 3
2
2 3   1 3 1 2 
   x  x  4  dx ,  x  x  4 x 
2
(b) (i)
1  4   4 2  1
45
(ii) Area = 11.25 (accept 11.3)
4

10
46. (a) At A, x = 0  y = sin (e0) = sin (1)  coordinates of A = (0,0.841)
(b) sin(ex) = 0  ex =   x = ln  (or k = π)
(c) (i) Maximum value of sin function = 1
dy
(ii) = ex cos (ex)
dx
dy
= 0  ex cos (ex) = 0  ex = 0 (impossible) or cos (ex) = 0
dx
π π
=> ex =  x = ln
2 2
(d) (Area = 0
ln π
 
sin e x dx = 0.90585 = 0.906 (3 s.f.)

47. (a) (i) f (x) = –2e–2x

(ii) f (x) is always negative
1
– 2 –
(b) (i) y=1+ e 2 =1+e
1
 1 – 2 –
(ii) f      2 e 2 = –2e
 2
 1
(c) y – (1 + e) = –2e  x  
 2
y = –2ex + 1 ( y = –5.44 x + 1)
(d)
(i) (ii) (iii)

y
8

P 4

2
1

1 x
–1 – 2 1 2

0
0 0  1 
 e  2 x )  (2ex )dx = 
2 x
(iv) Area = 1 [(1  1 [(e  2ex )dx =  e  2 x  ex 2 

2

2  2  1
2
= 0.1795 …= 0.180 (3 s.f.)
OR directly by GDC Area = 0.180

11
48. (a) a  1  b  1  (1
accept   accept
, 0) (1   , 0)
1 2 1 2
(b) (i)   2.14
h ( x)dx   h ( x)dx OR
1   2.14
h ( x )dx   1
h ( x) dx

(ii) 5.141...  ( 0.1585...) = 5.30

(c) (i) y = 0.973 (ii) 0.240  k  0.973

49. (a) (i) f (x) = –x + 2 (ii) f (0) = 2

(b) y-intercept : At x = 0, y = 2.5

Gradient of tangent = f(0) = 2  gradient of normal = 1 (= –0.5)

2
the normal is y – 2.5 = –0.5 (x – 0)  (y = –0.5x + 2.5
(c) (i) EITHER solving –0.5x2 + 2x + 2.5 = –0.5x + 2.5  x = 0 or x = 5
OR
y

f(x)
g(x)

Curves intersect at x = 0, x = 5
(ii) Curve and normal intersect when x = 0 or x = 5
Other point is when x = 5  y = –0.5(5) + 2.5 = 0 (so other point (5, 0)

( 0.5 x 2  2 x  2.5)dx  1  5  2.5 

5 5
(d) (i) Area =  0
( f ( x)  g ( x))dx or
=  0 2 
(the second integral is the area of triangle)
(ii) A1 = 50 , A2  25
3 4

Area = 50  25  125 (or 10.4 (3s.f.)

3 4 12

50. (a) intersection points at x = 1 and x = 1

1
-1
e x (1  x 2 )dx

(b) f(0) = 1. Thus P(0,1)

(c) f (0) = 1, gradient of the normal = 1
y  1 = 1(x  0) y  1 = x  y = x + 1  x + y = 1
(d) (i) intersection points at x = 0 and x = 1

 e 1  x  1  x dx
1 1 1
 f x  dx   1  x  dx
x 2
OR
0 0 0

(ii) area R = 0.5

12
51. (a)
y

Q
1
P
R

x
1 2 3

(b) (i) f  (x) = 2ex + (2x + 1)(ex) = (1  2x)ex

(ii) At Q, f (x) = 0
x = 0.5, y = 2e0.5 Q is (0.5, 2e0.5)
(c) 1  k < 2e0.5
(d) At R, y = 7e3 (= 0.34850 ...)
7 e 3  1
Gradient of (PR) is   0.2172 
3
 7 e 3  1 
Equation of (PR) is y =   x  1 OR y  0.2172 x  1

 3 
3  7e 3  1 
Shaded area is  2 x  1 e  x  
 x  1  dx = 0.529
0 
  3 
52. (a)

(b) (i) (2,0) (accept x = 2)

(ii) period = 8
(iii) amplitude = 5
(c) (i) (2, 0), (8, 0) (accept x = 2, x = 8)
(ii) x = 5 (must be an equation)
(d) intersect when x = 2 and x = 6.79
6.79   π 
area = 2
 ( 0.5 x 2  5 x  8   5 cos x   = 27.6
  4 

13
53. (a) (i)

y=3

x=2

(ii) (Vertical asymptote) x = 2, (Horizontal asymptote) y = 3

(b) (i) 3x + ln (x  2) + C
(ii) 3 x  ln  x  2 53 = (15 + ln 3)  (9 + ln1)= 6 + ln 3
(c) See graph

5
54. (a) limits x = 0, x = 5, area =  f ( x)dx = 52.1
0
a
a  ax x3  a3 a3 2
(b)
0 
area is x(a  x)dx = 
 2
  =
3 0 2

3
a3 a3
 = 52.1  a3 = 6 × 52.1  a = 6.79
2 3
a( x)  ax
55. (a) f(–x) = = = –f(x)
( x)  1 2
x2 1
(b) f ″(x) = 0  2ax(x2 – 3) = 0  x = 0 or x2 = 3
 a 3   a 3 
(0, 0),  3 , ,  3 ,
 4   4 

7
a  a a
(c) (i) area =  ln( x 2  1) ,= (ln 50  ln 10) = ln 5
2 3 2 2
(ii) METHOD 1
8 7 a
the shift does not change the area:  f ( x  1)dx   f ( x)dx, 2 ln 5
4 3
8 8
  2 7f ( x)dx 
the factor of 2 doubles the area:  2 f ( x  1)dx 2
4 4
f ( x  1)dx 
 3


8
 2 f ( x  1)dx  a ln 5
4

METHOD 2
dw
changing variable: let w = x – 1, so =1
dx
2a

Integral = 2 f ( w)dw 
2
ln(w 2  1)  c
Limits: when x=4  w = 3, when x=8  w = 7,

 2 f ( x  1)dx = a ln(w 
8 7
2
 1) 3 ,= a ln 50  a ln 10  a ln 5
4

14
 y1  y 2 f (a)  0 a3  0 a3
56. (a) (i) gradient = = =. =
x1  x 2 2 2 2
a a a
3 3 3
(ii) f ′(x) = 3x2, f ′(a) = 3a2
a3  2
(iii) 3a2 =  3a2  a   = a3  3a3 – 2a2 = a3  2a3 – 2a2 = 0
2  3
a
3
 2a2(a – 1) = 0  a = 1
k
k 1 3 
(b) Area = 
2
( x 3  3x  2)dx,=  x 4  x 2  2 x
4 2  2

1 4 3 2  1 4 3 2 
 k  k  2k   (4  6  4) = k  k  2k + 6
4 2  4 2 
1 4 3 2 
 k  k  2k + 6 = 2k + 4
4 2 
1 4 3 2
k  k 20
4 2
k4 – 6k2 + 8 = 0
57. (a) (i) sin x = 0  x = 0, x = π
3π
(ii) sin x = –1  x =
2
3π
(b)
2
3π
 3π   3π 
(c) k= 
0
2 (6  6 sin x)dx = [ 6x – 6 cos x ]30 / 2 = 6   6cos   (6 cos 0),
 2   2 
k = 9π + 6
π
(d) translation of  2 
0
(e) the area under g is the same as the shaded region in f
π
p= ,p=0
2
58. (a) 13 = Ae0 + 3  13 = A + 3  A = 10
 ln0.049 
(b) f(15) = 3.49  3.49 = 10e15k + 3  k = –0.201  accept 
 15 

(c) (i) f(x) = 10e–0.201x + 3

f′(x) = 10e–0.201x × –0.201 = –2.01e–0.201x
(ii) f′(x) < 0, derivative always negative
(iii) y=3
(d) finding limits 3.8953…, 8.6940…
8.69 8.69
Area =  3.90
g ( x )  f ( x )d x , 
3.90
[( x 2  12 x  24)  (10e 0.201x  3)]dx = 19.5

15
59. (a)

2 A
g(x)

–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2

–4

–6 f(x)
(b) (i) x = –3 is the vertical asymptote.
(ii) x-intercept: x = 4.39 ( = e2 – 3)
y-intercept: y = –0.901 ( = ln3 – 2)
(c) f(x) = g(x)
x = –1.34 or x = 3.05
(d) (i) See graph

 4 – 1 – x   – (ln(x + 3) – 2) dx
3.05 2
(ii) Area of A =
0

(iii) Area of A = 10.6

(e) y = f(x) – g(x)
y = 5 + 2x – x2 – ln(x + 3)
dy 1
 2 – 2x –
dx x3
dy
Maximum occurs when =0
dx
1
2 – 2x =
x3
5 – 4x – 2x2 = 0
x = 0.871
y = 4.63
OR
Vertical distance is the difference f(x) – g(x).
Maximum of f(x) – g(x) occurs at x = 0.871.
The maximum value is 4.63.

16
60. (a)
y
2
y = g (x)

Q R
1
P
A y = f (x)

O p x
1
(b) area OPQ < area of region A < area of rectangle OSRQ
1
(1)(p) < area of region A < (p)(1)
2
p
< area of region A < p
2
2 2
(c) Solving the equation e – p  e p + 1 = 0 using a calculator gives
p = 0.6937 (4 decimal places)
OR the value of p may be found as follows:
2 2 2 2
e  p  e p – 1 e 2 p  e p – 1 = 0
2 1 1 4 2 1 5 2
 ep   ep  since e p > 0
2 2
1  5 
 This gives p = ln   0.6937 (4 decimal places)

 2 

 e  
p
x2 2
(d) Area of region A =  e x  1 dx= 0.467 (using a GDC)
0

17