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PHY1509 Ass - 3 - Questions

physics

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Keitumetse Mtolo
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63 views

PHY1509 Ass - 3 - Questions

physics

Uploaded by

Keitumetse Mtolo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agisanang Mtolo – 24887528 - PHY1509/Ass3

Question 1
a) Write down the equation for the standard error in the mean.
SEM = SD/√N

b) Write down the equation for the standard error in a single observation.
𝜎2=𝑒2

SE= 𝜎/√n

c) Write down the equation of the adjusted standard error in the mean.

d) write down the equation of the adjusted standard error in the mean.

e) What is the name of the correction used to get the difference between the
standard error in the mean and the adjusted standard error in the mean?

Bessel's correction

f) When is this correction in e) used?

This is known as Bessel’s correction, and we make use of it when N is small

g) How does the correction in e) improve the estimate in the measurements?

This method corrects the bias in the estimation of the population variance.

h) How does the accuracy of the mean value improve in terms of error and measurements?
The accuracy of the mean value improves with an increase in the accuracy of the
measurement as well as with an increase in the number of measurements.

In the absence of systematic error, the mean approaches the true value (µ) as the
number of measurements (n) increases.

Question 2

a) Derive the equation of the measurement of the resistivity of a wire.

b) A wire has a resistance 𝑅 = 0.2Ω ± 0.05Ω, a length of 𝑙 = 1.0 𝑚 ± 0.001𝑚 and a


diameter of 𝑑 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.01 𝑚𝑚. Calculate the resistivity and the error in
the resistivity of the wire.

Given:
Resistance, R = 0.2Ω ± 0.05Ω
Length, 𝑙 = 1.0 𝑚 ± 0.001𝑚
Diameter, 𝑑 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.01 𝑚𝑚

The diameter of the wire is given as


d = 𝑑 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.01 𝑚𝑚
Radius, r = d/2 = 0.5mm/2 = 0.25mm = 0.25*10^{-3}m

Cross-sectional area,
A = πr^2 = π(0.25*10^{-3})^2
= π*6.25*10^{-7}
= 1.963495408*10^{-6}m^2

resistivity of the wire:


Resistance, R = ρ(l/A)
ρ = RA/l
Substitute the values:
ρ = (0.2Ω)(1.0m) / $1.963495408*10^{-6}m^2$
ρ = $1.018591635*10^{-4} Ωm$
Calculate the error in resistivity:
Error in resistivity, Δρ = |(dρ/dR) * ΔR| + |(dρ/dA) * ΔA| + |(dρ/dl) * Δl|
where
dρ/dR = l/A,
dρ/dA = -Rl/A^2,
dρ/dl = -RA/l^2

Substitute the values:


Δρ = |(1.0m / $1.963495408*10^{-6}m^2) * 0.05Ω| + |(-0.2Ω*1.0m /
(1.963495408*10^{-6}m^2)^2) * 0.001m| + |(-0.2Ω*$1.0m /
(1.963495408*10^{-6}m^2)^2) * 0.01mm|
Δρ = |50.78460961| + |0.1015692192| + |1.015692192|
Δρ = 51.90187002

c) Calculate the volume and the error in the volume of a cubic dice with each
side measured to be 5.0 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚.

V = s^3, where s is the length of the side of the cube.

Given side length (s) = 5.0 cm


Volume (V) = s^3
= 5.0^3
= 125.0 cm^3

error in the volume using the formula:

Error in volume = 3 * (error in side length)


Given error in side length = ± 0.1 cm

Error in volume = 3 * 0.1 = ± 0.3 cm^3


So, the volume of the cubic dice is 125.0 cm^3, and the error in the volume is ± 0.3
cm^3.

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