Chair of Structural Mechanics

TUM School of Engineering and Design

Technical University of Munich

Stability of Structures - Solution Exercise 7

Winter Term 2023/2024
Felix Schneider, M.Sc.

7.0) System Cross section

P P M
y zM
S
e
l = 500 cm P
x z
y z

7.1) System of dierential equations (cp. script chapter 3.4.6.5.3 on page 112)
Symmetry to z -axis →
1st order analysis →
System without imperfections, distributed loads or spring beds.

Bending x − z : EIy w′′′′ − N̊ w′′ = 0

Bending x − y :
Torsion:

→ Bending x − z is decoupled.
→ Bending x − y and torsion are coupled.

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7.2) Necessary cross-sectional parameters
Needed parameters: zM , i2P M , by , e

Eccentricity of the load → e

Cross section (visualized by center lines)
Position of the center of gravity S :
18
 
19,22
P
Ai · zS,i 0,8 9,0 · 19,2 + 2
zS′ M t = 0,8 zS′ = P = =
Ai 0,8(18 + 9 + 19,2)
S
19,2 = 7,73 cm
e

Eccentricity:
9
e = 19,2 − 7,73 = 11,47 cm

Position of the center of shear M → zM

Computation by means of the equilibrium of shear stresses

,→ Moment of shear stresses around M = 0
!
Qy

M Shear force Qy =
ˆ stress resultant for shear stresses τxy
τxy τxy ,→ Shear force must not cause a torsional moment around M
,→ Shear force acts in M (→ no lever arm around M )

τxy −diagram

Sy = 0 → τxy=0

M S τxy (s) = − QyI·Sz ·ty (s) = c · Sy (s)

bf 1 bf 2
z
with Sy (s) = t ·
Rs
y 0
y(s) ds
s2
s1 parabolic

′ ′
zM 19,2 − zM

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Computation of Sy (s) and τxy (s)

Maximums of static moments Sy (s) :

Z s1     
bf 1 bf 1 1 2 bf 1
Sy (s1 ) = t − s1 ds1 = t · s1 − s1 for s1 ∈ 0,
0 2 2 2 2
 2  2 !
t · b2f 1
 
bf 1 bf 1 1 bf 1
→ Sy s1 = =t − =
2 2 2 2 8

2 2 !
t · b2f 2
   
bf 2 bf 2 1 bf 2
→ Sy s2 = =t − = (analogously)
2 2 2 2 8

Maximums of shear stresses τxy (s) :

t·b2
Qy · 8f 1 Qy · b2f 1
 
bf 1
τxy s1 = =− =−
2 Iz · t Iz · 8
t·b2
Qy · 8f 2 Qy · b2f 2
 
bf 2
τxy s2 = =− =−
2 Iz · t Iz · 8

Resulting forces in anges

bf 1 Qy · b2f 1 t · b3f 1
Z
2 1
R1 = τxy (s1 ) · t · ds1 = · t · ·bf 1 = Qy
3 I ·8 12 Iz
s1 =0 | z{z }
b
 
τxy s1 = f21

bf 2 Qy · b2f 2 t · b3f 2
Z
2 1
R2 = τxy (s2 ) · t · ds2 = · t · ·bf 2 = Qy
3 I ·8 12 Iz
s2 =0 | z{z }
b
 
τxy s2 = f22

1 t
Control:

!
R1 + R2 = · Qy · · b3f 1 + b3f 2 = Qy ✓
12 Iz
1
with Iz = t b3f 1 + b3f 2


12

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 Equilibrium of moments around M
X
′ ′
MM = 0 : R1 · zM = R2 · (19,2 − zM )

′ R2 · 19,2 19,2 · b3f 2 19,2 · 93

⇔ zM = = 3 = = 2,13 cm
R1 + R2 bf 1 + b3f 2 183 + 93

⇒ z -distance from S to M : zM = 2.13 − 7,73 = −5,60 cm

y -distance from S to M : yM = 0 (→ symmetry)

Cross-sectional distance → by

by =

zS′ z′ ,→ with rSy =

S
or formulary:
3 !
z′

1 t ′4
bf 1 t zS′3 ′ 4


rSy = zM Iz − + bf 2 t h − − z − (h − zS )
Iy s 4 S

Required cross-sectional parameters (given or calculated before):

zS′ = 7,73 cm Iy = 2333,5 cm4 bf 1 = 18 cm
h = 19,2 cm Iz = 437,40 cm4 bf 2 = 9 cm
t = 0,8 cm zM = −5,60 cm

⇒ rSy = 1,93 cm
⇒ by = 1,93 − 2 · (−5,60) = 13,13 cm

Polar radius of gyration referred to M → i2P M

i2P M =

7.3) Determination of the critical load (cp. Exercise 6)

 
   
 a1 0
 2
π
· =

l2 
a2 0

Solve eigenvalue problem Pcrit = 159 kN (compressive force)

page 4 of 7
  
a
In Matlab: (A − Pcrit B) · 1 = 0 → eig(A, B)
a2

Addendum 1: Decoupling of dierential equations

In order to decouple the dierential equations of bending x − y and torsion the

o-diagonal entries have to be set to zero:

→ → then v -term cancels out from DE of torsion

→ P has to act in center of shear M

!
⇒ e = zM = −5,6 cm

⇒ Lateral-torsionalbuckling problem is transferred to two problems:

(1) Buckling → Pcrit = 362,6 kN

(2) Torsional buckling → Pcrit = 2341,9 kN

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Addendum 2: Computation of the geometrical warping resistance Iω

Assumptions for uniform (St. Venant ) torsion

→ no restrained warping of the cross section

→ warping has to be the same in all cross sections (→ uniform cross section along x)
⇒ ϑ′ (x) = const. ϑ′′ (x) = 0 MX,V = GIT ϑ′ = const.

If not fullled → warping torsion (= non-uniform torsion)

Torsional moment due to constrained warping

Mx,ω = −EIω ϑ′′′ (x)

For a thin-walled cross section:

Z Z
Iω = 2
ωM (s) · t(s) · ds with ωM (s) = rt,M (s) · ds (unit warping)

9 9 Sign convention for ωM (s)

2,13 s6 s5
M s4 rt,M5,6 = 2,13
s
5,60 s1 rt,M6 6
19,2 y S M
y S
rt,M2,3 = 17,07
s3 s2
z
z
4,5 4,5
clockwise → positive ωM
counterclockwise → negative ωM

⇒ Unit warping ωM (s) (=

ˆ integration over constant function rt,M (s))

9 · 2,13
= 19,17 −19,17

−17,05 · 4,5 76,82

= −76,82

⇒ Geometrical warping resistance Iω (= ˆ integration over ωM

2
(s) · t)
 
R s =9
2 R s2 6=4,5  76,82 2
Iω = 2 0,8 s66=0 19,17
9
s 6 ds 6 + s2 =0 4,5
s2 ds2

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Iω = 2 · 31 [19,172 · 9 + 76,822 · 4,5] = 159271 cm6

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