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Question Bank - Geography

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Question Bank - Geography

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Core-1: geomorphology

SHORT QUESTIONS:
• Catastrophism?
• Denudation chronology?
• Ecology?
• Ecoclimate?
• Ecosystem?
• Environmental geography?
• Form geomorphology?
• Geoclimate?
• Highway climatology?
• Human biometeorology?
• Microclimatology?
• Palimpsest topography?
• Private climate?
• Process geomorphology?
• Regional climatology?
• Uniformitarianism?
• Vegetation geography?
• Weather?
• Archipelago of stellar islands?
• Big bang theory?
• Cold origin concept?
• Filament?
• Galactic revolution?
• Galactic year?
• Galaxy?
• Giant planets?
• Hot origin concept?
• Kuiper belt?
• Law of conservation of angular momentum?
• Nebula?
• Planetesimals?
• Solar system?
• Supernova?
• Terrestrial planets?
• Cambrian period?
• Carboniferous period?
• Cretaceous period?
• Devonian period?
• Eocene epoch?
• Epoch?
• Era?
• Geological clock?
• Holocene epoch?
• Jurassic period?
• Miocene epoch?
• Oligocene epoch?
• Ordovician period?
• Period?
• Permian period?
• Pleistocene epoch?
• Pliocene epoch?
• Radiocarbon epoch?
• Silurian epoch?
• Triassic period?
• Barysphere?
• Core?
• Crust?
• Density?
• Lithosphere?
• Mantle?
• Moho-discontinuity?
• Primary waves?
• Pyrosphere?
• Secondary waves?
• Seismic waves?
• Seismology?
• Seismograph?
• Surface waves?
• Vulcanicity?
• Weichert-Guttenberg discontinuity?
• Zone of law velocity?
• Conservative plate boundary?
• Constructive plate boundary?
• Destructive plate boundary?
• Dodecahedron?
• Flight from the poles?
• Land hemisphere?
• Opening of Tethys?
• Pangea?
• Panthalasa?
• Plate?
• Plate tectonics?
• Tetrahedron?
• Water hemisphere?
• Isostasy?
• Law of compensation?
• Law of floatation?
• Level of compensation?
• Zone of compensation?
• Anticlines?
• Anticlinorium?
• Axis of fold?
• Closed folds?
• Crustal bending?
• Diastrophic force?
• Dip?
• Endogenetic forces?
• Epeirogenetic movement?
• Exogenetic forces?
• Extreme events?
• Fan folds?
• Fault?
• Fault dip?
• Fault plane?
• Fault scarp?
• Folds?
• Nappes?
• Open folds?
• Orogenetic movement?
• Plunge folds?
• Recumbent folds?
• Reverse faults?
• Rift valley?
• Strike?
• Strike-slip fault?
• Synclines?
• Synclinorium?
• Acid igneous rocks?
• Angular unconformity?
• Aphanitic igneous rocks?
• Argillaceous rocks?
• Batholiths?
• Bedding plane?
• Breccias?
• Butte?
• Calcareous sedimentary rocks?
• Carbonaceous rocks?
• Carbonate minerals?
• Cleavage?
• Contact metamorphism?
• Disconformity?
• Felsic igneous rocks?
• Fissility?
• Glassy igneous rocks?
• Lacustrine sedimentary rocks?
• Hypabyssal igneous rocks?
• Igneous rocks?
• Laccoliths?
• Lapilli?
• Lopolith?
• Mafic igneous rocks?
• Mesa?
• Metamorphic rocks?
• Non-conformity?
• Paraconformity?
• Pegmatitic igneous rocks?
• Phacoliths?
• Phaneritic igneous rocks?
• Porphyritic igneous rocks?
• Plutonic rocks?
• Sedimentary rocks?
• Silicate minerals?
• Siliceous rocks?
• Sills?
• Tors?
• Unconformity?
• Aaaa lava flow?
• Acid lava cone?
• Active volcanoes?
• Adventives cone?
• Adventives crater?
• Basic lava cone?
• Caldera?
• Cinder cone?
• Crater?
• Dormant volcanoes?
• Extinct volcanoes?
• Felsic lava?
• Fire girdle of the pacific?
• Fumaroles?
• Geyser?
• Lahar?
• Mafic lava?
• Nested calderas?
• Nested craters?
• Pahoehoe lava?
• Parasite cone?
• Solfatara?
• Strato-cone?
• Tephra?
• Volcanic cones?
• Volcanic plugs?
• Vulcanicity?
• Conservative plate boundaries?
• Constructive plate boundaries?
• Destructive plate boundaries?
• Elastic rebound theory?
• Epicenter?
• Focus?
• Mercalli scale?
• Reservoir-induced seismicity(RIS)
• Richter magnitude scale?
• Tsunamis?
• Tsunamigenic earthquakes?
• Block mountains?
• Closing of Tethys?
• Conservative plate boundaries?
• Constructive plate boundaries?
• Cordilleras?
• Destructive plate boundaries?
• Folded mountains?
• Forelands?
• Geosynclines?
• Horst?
• Kratogen?
• Level of no strain?
• Lithogenesis?
• Medianmass?
• Mesogeosynclines?
• Monogeosyclines?
• Mountain chain?
• Mountain group?
• Mountain ranges?
• Mountain ridge?
• Mountain system?
• Opening of Tethys?
• Orogen?
• Orogenesis?
• Plate?
• Phase of regressional sea?
• Phase of transgressional sea?
• Plate tectonics?
• Polygeosynclines?
• Randketten?
• Bhangar?
• Cryoplain?
• Etchplain?
• Flood plains?
• Karst plains?
• Khaddar?
• Outwash plain?
• Panplain?
• Pediplain?
• Peneplains?
• Till plain?
• Wind eroded plains?
• Alkali takes?
• Alluvial fan lakes?
• Bitter takes?
• Crater takes?
• Delta lakes?
• Garden of lakes?
• Karst lakes?
• Morainic lakes?
• Oxbow lakes?
• Plunge pool lakes?
• Raft lakes?
• Rock basin lakes?
• Saline lakes?
• Tarn lakes?
• Thermokarst lakes?
• Block disintegration?
• Boulder cleaving?
• Cambering?
• Carbonation?
• Chelation?
• Congelifraction?
• Debris flow?
• Debris slides?
• Dirt cracking?
• Earth flow?
• Exfoliation?
• Flaking?
• Granular disintegration?
• Hydration?
• Hydrolysis?
• Kaolinization?
• Landslides?
• Massmovement?
• Mudflow?
• Oxidation?
• Rock creep?
• Rock falls?
• Rock slides?
• Rock wastes?
• Salt weathering?
• Shattering?
• Sheeting?
• Slaking?
• Slumping?
• Soil creep?
• Spalling?
• Weathering?
• Absteigende entwicklung?
• Accident?
• Aufsteigende entwicklung?
• Boschungen?
• Climatic interruption?
• Fastenbene?
• Geographical cycle?
• Gleichformige entwicklung?
• Haldenhang?
• Incised meanders?
• Knick point?
• Knick falls?
• Monadnocks?
• Panplanation?
• Panplains?
• Padiplanation?
• Paired terraces?
• Peneplains?
• Primarumpf?
• Piedmont treppen?
• Polycycles?
• Rejuvenation?
• Stream lengthening?
• Topographic discordance?
• Uniformitarianism?
• Uplifted peneplains?
• Valley deepening?
• Valley in valley topography?
• Valley widening?
• Annular drainage?
• Antecedent streams?
• Barbed drainage pattern?
• Beheaded stream?
• Captor stream?
• Centripetal drainage pattern?
• Consequent streams?
• Dendritic drainage pattern?
• Insequent streams?
• Inverted streams?
• Misfit valley?
• Obsequent streams?
• Parallel drainage pattern?
• Pinnate drainage pattern?
• Radial drainage pattern?
• Resequent streams?
• Sequent streams?
• Subsequent streams?
• Trellised drainage pattern?
• Twin-river system?
• Water gap?
• Wind gap?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss about internal structure of the earth.


• Discuss about the meaning, definition and scope of geomorphology.
• What is isostasy and discuss about the theory advocated by Airy and Pratt.
• What is igneous rock and discuss about salient features of it.
• Discuss about landforms formed by igneous rocks.
• What is igneous rock and discuss about various types of igneous rocks.
• What is sedimentary rock and discuss about its characteristics.
• What is metamorphic rock and discuss about its characteristics.
• What is metamorphism and discuss about various types of metamorphism.
• What is fold and discuss about its geometry and types.
• What is fault and discuss about its geometry and types.
• Discuss about continental drift theory.
• Critically analyse the evidences of continental drift theory.
• Discuss about plate tectonic theory.
• What is earthquake and discuss about its type and distribution.
• What is volcanism and discuss about its type.
• What is volcanism and discuss about its distribution.
• What is geosynclines and discuss about its type.
• Discuss about geosynclinal theory of mountain building.
• Discuss about convectional current theory of mountain building.
• What is weathering and discuss any one type of weathering.
• What is mass wasting and discuss its type.
• Discuss about Davisian cycle of erosion.
• Discuss about Penck’s model in evolution of landforms.
• Differentiate between Davis model and Penck’s model.
• Discuss about Erosional features formed by wind.
• Discuss about Depositional features formed by wind.
• Discuss about Erosional features formed by river.
• Discuss about Depositional features formed by river.
• Discuss about Erosional features formed in karst region.
• Discuss about Deposition features formed in karst region.
• Discuss about Erosional features formed in coastal region.
• Discuss about Depositional features formed in coastal region.
• Discuss about Erosional features formed by glacier.
• Discuss about Depositional features formed by glacier.

CORE-2: CARTOGRAPHY
SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is cartography?
• Define cartography?
• What is map?
• Mention two features of map?
• What is the need of map?
• Why cartography is known as science of communication?
• What are the elements of communication used in cartography?
• What is link and channel in the science of cartography?
• What are the branches of cartography?
• What is gore?
• What is zone?
• What is latitude?
• What is longitude?
• Mention characteristics of latitude?
• Mention characteristics of longitude?
• What is graticules?
• What is International Date Line?
• What is equator?
• What is scale?
• What is plain scale?
• What is comparative scale?
• What is diagonal scale?
• What is map projection?
• What is standard parallel?
• What is standard meridian?
• What are parallels?
• What is ellipsoid?
• What is the use of ellipsoid?
• What is geoid?
• What is the use of geoid?
• What is cylindrical projection?
• What is conical projection?
• What is reduced scale in map projection?
• What is the importance of standard parallel?
• What is the importance of standard meridian?
• What are the features of cylindrical projection?
• What are the features of conical projection?
• What is slope?
• What are the elements of slope?
• What is dip?
• What is strike?
• What is stratigraphy?
• What is gradient?
• What is the Wentworth’s method to determine the slope?
• What is the smith method to determine the slope?
• What is vertical interval?
• What is horizontal equivalent?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• What is map and discuss about elements of map.


• Define map and discuss about its characteristics.
• Discuss cartography as a science of communication.
• What cartography and discuss about its scope and branches.
• What is spherical earth and its use.
• What is ellipsoidal earth and its use.
• What is geoid earth and its use.
• What is geographical coordinates and discuss its characteristics.
• What is scale and elaborate the step to construct plain scale.
• What is scale and discuss about the step to construct the comparative scale.
• Define scale and discuss about the step to construct the diagonal scale.
• What is map projection and discuss its type.
• What is cylindrical map projection and discuss its silent features.
• What is conical map projection and discussits silent features.
• Discuss about Wentworth’s and Smith’s method to determine the slope.

Core-3: Human geography


SHORT QUESTIONS:

• Define human geography?


• What is human ecology?
• What is race?
• What are major human races?
• Who gave zone and strata theory about races?
• What is Negrito race?
• What is Negro race?
• What is Australoid race?
• What is Mediterranean race?
• What is Mongolian race?
• What is cephalic index?
• Formula to calculate cephalic index?
• What is Dolichocephalic Index?
• What is Mesocephalic Index?
• What is Brachycephalic Index?
• What is orbito cephalic index?
• What is Platicephalic?
• What is Hyplicephalic?
• What is Orthocephalic?
• What is nasal index?
• What is Leptorrhine?
• What is Mesorrhine?
• What is Platyrrhine?
• What is Ulotrichi index?
• What is Cymotrichi index?
• What is Leiotrichi index?
• What is eye orbital index?
• What is religion?
• What is language?
• What is dialect?
• What is proto-language?
• What is austric language?
• What is Dravidian language?
• What is Indo-aryan language?
• What is Sino-tibetan language?
• What is sex ratio?
• What is population density?
• Factors determine population density?
• Factors determine population distribution?
• What fertility?
• What is birth rate?
• What is natural growth of population?
• What is migration?
• Types of migration?
• Factors determine migration?
• Factors determine mortality?
• What is push factor in migration?
• What is pull factor in migration?
• How to calculate crude birth rate?
• How to calculate crude mortality rate?
• What is settlement?
• What is rural settlement?
• What is urban settlement?
• What is town?
• What is a city?
• What is Megalopolis?
• What is Metropolis?
• What is Tyrannopolis?
• What is ghost town?
• What is census town?
• What is garrison town?
• What is satellite town?
• What is green belt?
• What is ghetto?
• Advantage of migration?
• Disadvantage of migration?
• What is hamlet?
• What is corrected birth rate?
• What is general fertility rate?
• What is total fertility rate?
• What is gross reproduction rate?
• What is net reproduction rate?
• What is standardised fertility rate?
• What is age-specific death rate?
• What is infant mortality rate?
• What is standardised death rate?
• What is life expectancy?
• What is population pyramid?
• What are the features of population pyramid?
• What is demographic transition?
• What is urban fringe?
• Characteristics of urban fringe?
• What is primary urban fringe?
• What is secondary urban fringe?
• What is umland?
• What is cultural area?
• What is cultural region?
• What is cultural realm?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Elaborate the factors which determine the distribution of population.


• What are the major racial groups of the world? Discuss it in detail.
• Discuss about the characteristics of the racial group.
• Discuss about the elements to differentiate the racial groups.
• Discuss about various languages of the world.
• Discuss about various religions of the world and its distribution.
• What is cultural realm and discuss any one of them with salient features.
• Discuss about trends of population growth.
• Discuss about demographic transition theory.
• Discuss about population problems in developed world.
• Discuss about population problems in underdeveloped world.
• Discuss about age and sex composition of India.
• Discuss about population distribution in India.
• Discuss about occupational structure of India.
• Discuss about settlement types and its characteristics.
• Discuss about patterns of rural settlement.
• Discuss about patterns of urban settlement.
• Discuss about functional classification of towns.
• What is urbanization and discuss its factor.
• Discuss about trend of urbanization in India.
• Discuss about advantage and disadvantage of urbanization.
• Discuss about density of population in the world.

CORE-4: Climatology

SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is aerology?
• What is dynamic climatology?
• What is ecological climate?
• What is geoclimate?
• What is human biometeorology?
• What is physical climatology?
• What is satellite climatology?
• What is an aurora?
• What is Boyle’s gas law?
• What is Charles’s gas law?
• What is cold point?
• What is combined gas law?
• What is mesopause?
• What is a Noctilucentcloud?
• What is stratopause?
• What is tropopause?
• What is albedo?
• What is absorption?
• What is atmospheric window?
• What is an aurora light?
• What are chromospheres?
• What is corona?
• What is counter radiation?
• What is diffuse blue light?
• What is diffuse reflection?
• What is effective radiation?
• What are faculae?
• What is insolation?
• What is inverse square law?
• What is law of scattering?
• What is net radiation?
• What is photosphere?
• What is photon?
• What is scattering?
• What is Rayleigh scattering?
• What is solar wind?
• What is Stefan-Boltzmann law?
• What is sunspot?
• What is Wien’s displacement law?
• what is counter radiation?
• Ground radiation?
• What is inversion of temperature?
• Isanomalous temperature?
• What is isotherms?
• Radiation window?
• Sensible heat?
• Coriolis force?
• Ekman spiral?
• Frictional force?
• Friction layer?
• Geostrophic balance?
• Geostrophic wind?
• Gradient wind?
• Hydrostatic equilibrium?
• Isobars?
• Laminar flow?
• Pressure gradient?
• Turbulent flow?
• What is Doldrum?
• Equatorial westerlies?
• Ferrel cell?
• Hadley cell?
• Index cycle?
• Intertropical fronts?
• Jet streams?
• Rossby waves?
• Southern oscillation?
• Southern oscillation index?
• Walker circulation?
• Aerological monsoon?
• Blood rain?
• Burst of monsoon?
• Cherry blossoms?
• Chinook/foehn?
• Doctor?
• Heat island?
• Monsoon?
• Snow eater?
• Tidal surge?
• Western disturbances?
• Absolute humidity?
• Adiabatic lapse rate?
• Adiabatic process?
• Convective instability?
• Condensation?
• Dew?
• Dew point?
• Diabetic process?
• Dry adiabatic rate?
• Environmental lapse rate?
• Evaporation?
• Evapotranspiration?
• Frost?
• Frost point?
• Freezing rain?
• Glazed frost?
• Hail?
• Hoar frost?
• Humidity capacity?
• Hydrological cycle?
• Latent heat?
• Latent heat of condensation?
• Latent heat of fusion?
• Latent heat of sublimation?
• Latent heat of vaporization?
• Moist adiabatic rate?
• Mixing ratio?
• Neutral equilibrium?
• Potential evapotranspiration?
• Relative humidity?
• Rime?
• Saturated air?
• Saturation deficit?
• Sleet?
• Specific humidity?
• Stable equilibrium?
• Sublimation?
• Transpiration?
• Vapour pressure?
• Cheyenne fog?
• Cloud droplets?
• Cloud seeding?
• Dew point?
• Drizzle?
• Freezing rain?
• Hail?
• Inversion of rainfall?
• Leeward slope?
• Man-induced precipitation?
• Rainfall regime?
• Rime?
• Saturated air?
• Sleet?
• Virga?
• Windward slope?
• Air mass?
• Blood rain?
• Cold air mass?
• Lake-effect snow?
• Mechanical air mass modification?
• North-eastern?
• Synoptic climatology?
• Thermo dynamic modification?
• Warm air mass?
• Alberta low?
• Ana front?
• Anticyclone?
• Baroclinic surface?
• Barotropic surface?
• Blocking anticyclone?
• Cold front?
• Cold front occlusion?
• Colorado low?
• Convergent circulation?
• Cyclogenesis?
• Cyclone?
• Defomatory circulation?
• Divergent circulation?
• Dynamic cyclone?
• Front?
• Frontal theory?
• Frontal zone?
• Frontogenesis?
• Frontolysis?
• Halo?
• Insolation cyclone?
• Kata front?
• Line of discontinuity?
• Occlusion?
• Occluded front?
• Polar front?
• Rotatory circulation?
• Secondary cyclone?
• Stationary front?
• Storm tracks?
• Thermal cyclone?
• Translator circulation?
• Warm front?
• Warm front occlusion?
• Wave cyclone?
• Wave theory?
• Annular belt?
• Baguio?
• Cloud burst?
• Disaster?
• Down burst?
• Easterly waves?
• Extreme events?
• Fujita scale?
• Hurricanes?
• Hurricane wave?
• Storm surge?
• Taifu?
• Tornadoes?
• Tornado outbreak?
• Tornado missiles?
• Typhoons?
• Concentration of thermal efficiency?
• Empirical classification?
• Genetic classification?
• Geoclimate?
• Hekistotherms?
• Megatherms?
• Mesotherms?
• Microthems?
• Moisture index?
• Precipitation effectiveness?
• Xerophytes?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss about composition and structure of the atmosphere.


• Discuss about the elements of weather and climate.
• Discuss about determinants of isolation and its distribution.
• Discuss about heat budget of the earth.
• Discuss about the factors of temperature distribution.
• What is temperature inversion and discuss its various types.
• Discuss about atmospheric pressure and related winds.
• Discuss about different planetary winds of the earth.
• Discuss about monsoon of India.
• Discuss about various local winds of the world.
• Discuss about general factors of general wind circulation.
• What is jet stream and discuss about various types of it.
• What is humidity and discuss its types of measurement.
• What is humidity and discuss the factors responsible for it.
• What is condensation and discuss about its various forms.
• What is cloud and discuss its type.
• What is precipitation and discuss its type.
• Give an account of Koppen’s climatic classification.
• Give an account of Thornthwait’s climatic classification.
• What is air mass and describe it with its classification.
• What is air mass and describe its characteristics and modification.
• Describe about the formation of thunderstorms and its suitable conditions.
• Discuss about tornado and factors responsible for its formation.
• What is cyclone and point out the suitable conditions for its formation?
• Discuss about tropical cyclone and weather associated with it.
• Discuss about the formation of temperate cyclones.
• Discuss about the weather associated with temperate cyclones.

Core-5: Oceanography
SHORT QUESTIONS:
• Abyssal hills?
• Abyssal plains?
• Continental margins?
• Continental rise?
• Continental shelf?
• Continental slope?
• Deep sea fans?
• Geyots?
• Hypsometry?
• Ocean deeps?
• Ocean trenches?
• Seamounts?
• Submarine canyons?
• Absorption?
• Aphotic zone?
• Density?
• Halocline?
• Hydrological cycle?
• Insolation?
• Isotherms?
• Photic zone?
• Photosphere?
• Pycnocline?
• Reflection?
• Salinity?
• Scattering?
• Specific heat?
• Thermocline?
• Adsorption?
• Chlorinity?
• Halocline?
• Principle of constant proportion?
• Pycnocline?
• Residence time?
• Salinity?
• Salinometer?
• Sinks of ocean salinity?
• Thermocline?
• Authigenic deposit?
• Back wash?
• Biogenic sediments?
• Breaker waves?
• Break water?
• Bulk emplacement?
• Continental shelf?
• Continental slope?
• Cosmogenous sediments?
• Deep sea fans?
• Density current?
• Diatoms?
• Evaporites?
• Foraminifere?
• Glacial marine sediments?
• Graded bedding?
• Gravels?
• Gravity waves?
• Groins?
• Hydrogenous sediments?
• Lithogenous sediments?
• Littoral zone?
• Macro-biogenic sediments?
• Micro-biogenic sediments?
• Marina snowfall?
• Neritic sediments?
• Ocean deposits?
• Pelagic matter?
• Phosphorites?
• Retail sedimentation?
• Radiolarian?
• Relict sediments?
• Seawall?
• Shelf break?
• Terrigenous sediments?
• Turbidity currents?
• Undertow currents?
• Ambphidromic point?
• Apogean tides.
• Spring tide.
• Neap tide.
• Quadtree position.
• Conjunction position.
• Diurnal inequalities.
• Diurnal tidal pattern.
• Ebb.
• Ebb currents.
• Ebb tides.
• Flood currents.
• Flood tides.
• High tide water.
• Low tide water.
• Lunar tidal bulge.
• Nadir lunar bulge.
• Nadir tide.
• Nodal point.
• Nodal line.
• Opposition.
• Perigean tide.
• Semidiurnal tidal pattern.
• Solar bulge.
• Syzygy.
• Tidal bore.
• Tidal bulge.
• Tidal range.
• Tides.
• Zenith lunar bulge.
• Zenith tides.
• Centrifugal force.
• Centripetal force.
• Conjunction.
• Cotidal lines.
• Diurnal inequalities.
• Diurnal tidal pattern.

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss about relief features of ocean.


• Discuss about relief features of AtlanticOcean.
• Discuss abut relief feature of Pacific Ocean.
• Discuss about the relief features of Indian Ocean.
• Discuss about the factors of distribution of salinity of the ocean.
• Discuss about the factors responsible for the distribution of temperature in the ocean.
• Discuss about the temperature and salinity diagram in oceanographic studies.
• Discuss about various types of ocean deposits.
• Discuss about various sources of ocean deposits.
• Discuss about the distribution of ocean deposits.
• What is wave and discuss about its characteristics.
• What is wave and discuss its type.
• What is current and discuss about the factors of ocean currents.
• Discuss about ocean currents of Pacific Ocean.
• Discuss about ocean currents of Indian Ocean.
• Discuss about ocean currents AtlanticOcean.
• What is tide and discuss the forces responsible for the formation of it
• What is tide and discuss about its type.
• What is tide and discuss about the characteristics of tide.
• What is coral reef and discuss the factors for the formation of it.
• Discuss about various types of coral reef with diagram.
• Discuss about subsidence theory of Darwin and Dana.
• Discuss about the glacial control theory of Louis Agassiz.
• Discuss that ocean is the store house of resources.

Core-6: statistical methods in geography


SHORT QUESTION:

• What is Data?
• What is Information?
• What is Spatial Data?
• What is Attribute data?
• What is Geographic Data?
• What is Data Matrix?
• What is primary data?
• What are the advantages of primary data?
• What are the disadvantages of primary data?
• What are the methods to collect primary data?
• What is secondary data?
• What are the sources of secondary data?
• Whatare the advantages of secondary data?
• Whatare the disadvantages of secondary data?
• What is nominal scale of data measurement?
• What is ordinal scale of data measurement?
• What is interval scale of data measurement?
• What is ration scale of data measurement?
• What is frequency distribution?
• What is frequency curve?
• What is frequency polygon?
• What is histogram?
• What is relative frequency?
• What is group and ungroup data?
• What is central tendency?
• What is mean?
• What are the advantages of mean?
• What are the disadvantages of mean?
• Formula to calculate mean?
• Use of mean in geography?
• What is median?
• What are the advantages of median?
• What are the disadvantages of median?
• Formula to calculate median?
• Use of median in geography?
• What is mode?
• What are the advantages of mode?
• What are the disadvantages of mode?
• Use of mode in geography?
• What is geometric mean?
• What are the uses of geometric mean in geography?
• What is weighted mean?
• What are the uses of weighted mean in geography?
• What is sampling?
• What is universe?
• What is population in sampling?
• Types of sampling?
• What is random sampling?
• What are the advantages of random sampling?
• What are the disadvantages of random sampling?
• What is stratified sampling?
• What are the advantages of stratified sampling?
• What are the disadvantages of stratified sampling?
• What is systematic sampling?
• What are the advantages of systematic sampling?
• What are the disadvantages of systematic sampling?
• What is purposive sampling?
• What are the advantages of purposive sampling?
• What are the disadvantages of purposive sampling?
• What is dispersion?
• What is mean deviation?
• Formula to calculate mean deviation from the mean?
• Formula to calculate mean deviation from the median?
• Formula to calculate the mean deviation from the mode?
• Advantage of mean deviation?
• Disadvantage of mean deviation?
• What is standard deviation?
• Formula to calculate the standard deviation?
• Advantage of standard deviation?
• Disadvantage of standard deviation?
• What is variation?
• Formula to calculate coefficient of variation?
• What is chi-square test?
• What is the use of chi-square test?
• What is test of goodness of fit in chi-square test?
• What is test of independence in chi-square test?
• What is test of homogeneity in chi-square test?
• What is null hypothesis?
• What is alternative hypothesis?
• What is type one error?
• What is type two error?
• What is correlation?
• What is positive correlation?
• What is negative correlation?
• What is zero correlation?
• Formula to calculate correlation?
• What is the formula to calculate rank correlation?
• What is test of significance?
• Formula to calculate coefficient of determination?
• What is regression?
• What are the uses of regression?
• What is linear regression?
• What is the formula to calculate regression?

LONG QUESTION:

• Discuss about primary data and its method.


• Discuss about advantage and disadvantage of primary data.
• Discuss about advantage and disadvantage of secondary data.
• Differentiate between primary and secondary data.
• Discuss about scales of measurement in geography.
• What is mean and discuss about its advantage and disadvantage.
• What is Median and discuss about its advantage and disadvantage.
• What is mode and discuss about its advantage and disadvantage.
• What is sampling and describe its type.
• Whatis stratified sampling and its advantage and disadvantage.
• Whatis random sampling and its advantage and disadvantage.
• Whatis stratified sampling and its advantage and disadvantage.
• Whatis purposive sampling and its advantage and disadvantage.
• Whatis mean deviation and its advantage and disadvantage.
• Whatis standard deviation and its advantages and disadvantages.
• What is chi-square test and discuss about its type?
• What is correlation and discuss about its type?
• What are the advantage and disadvantage of correlation?
• What is linear regression and discuss its features?
• What is the difference between correlation and regression?

CORE-7: Geography of Odisha

SHORT QUESTIONS:

• Northern plain of Odisha


• Eastern Ghat zone
• Central table land
• Coastal region of Odisha
• The Mahanadi
• The Subarnarekha
• The Bramhani
• The Baitarani
• Little Sunderban
• Moist tropical forest of Odisha
• Dry tropical forest of Odisha
• Montane sub tropical forest of Odisha
• The Rushikulya
• The Baitarani
• The Salandi
• The Budhabalanaga
• Saline soil in Odisha
• Black soil in Odisha
• Brown soil in Odisha
• Deltaic soil in Odisha
• Alluvial soil in Odisha
• GopabandhuGramin Yojana

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss the physiography of Odisha.


• Discuss the river system of Odisha.
• Briefly discuss about the climate of Odisha.
• Discuss on soils of Odisha.
• Discuss on natural vegetation of Odisha.
• Production and distribution of rice in Odisha.
• Production and distribution of pulses in Odisha.
• Production and distribution of oil seeds in Odisha.
• Agriculture problem and prospects of agriculture in Odisha.
• Production and Distribution of iron ore in Odisha.
• Production and Distribution of bauxite in Odisha.
• Production and Distribution of chromite in Odisha
• Production and Distribution of coal in Odisha.
• Problem and prospects of iron and steel industry in Odisha.
• Problem and prospects of aluminum industry in Odisha.
• Problem and prospects of textile industry in Odisha.
• Problem and prospects of thermal power plant in Odisha.
• Discuss distribution and growth of population of Odisha.
• Discuss on major tribes of Odisha.
• Growth of urban population and urban centers of Odisha.
• Discuss on road transport of Odisha.
• Discuss on railway transport of Odisha.

Core: 8 EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT


SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is an Allocation Model?


• What is Alonso Model?
• What is Areal Differentiation?
• What is Behaviour Geography?
• What is Cartogram?
• What is Cartography?
• What is CBD?
• What is Central Place?
• What is Chorography?
• What is Command Economy?
• What is Compage?
• What is Concentric Zonal Model?
• What is Conurbation?
• What is Core-Periphery Model?
• What is Cultural Landscape?
• What is Cultural Area?
• What is Cultural Ecology?
• What is Cultural Hearth?
• What is Darwinism in Geography?
• What is Demographic Transition?
• What is Cultural Diffusion?
• What is Distance Decay Model?
• What is Ecological Fallacy?
• What is Ecology?
• What is Ecosystem?
• What is Empiricism?
• What is Environmental Determinism?
• What is Environmentalism?
• What is Epistemology?
• What is Ethnography?
• What is Ethnomethodology?
• What is Footloost Industry?
• What is Functionalism?
• What is General System Theory?
• What is Genre De Vie?
• What is Geocentric Concept in Geography?
• What is Geopiety?
• What is Growth Pole Model?
• What is Heartland?
• What is Holism?
• What is Human Agency?
• What is Human Geography?
• What is Humanistic Geography?
• What is Human Ecology?
• What is Iconography?
• What is Idiographic Geography?
• What is Inner City?
• What is Intervening Opportunities?
• What is Lamarckianism?
• What is Landscape?
• What is Landschaft?
• What is Law of Sea?
• What is Lebensraum?
• What is Limits of Growth?
• What is Locale?
• What is Locational Analysis in Geography?
• What is Locational Triangle?
• What is Mega City?
• What is Megalopolis?
• What is Mental Map?
• What is Mobility Transition Model?
• What is Model?
• Types of Model?
• What is Morphology?
• What is Multiple Nuclei Model?
• What is Naturalism?
• Nomothetic Geography?
• What is Ontology?
• What is Paradigm?
• What is Pays?
• What is Phenomenal Environment?
• What is Place?
• What is Positivism in Geography?
• What is Possibilism?
• What is Postmodernism?
• What is Pragmatism?
• What is Principle of Activity?
• What is Probabilism?
• What is Production of Space?
• What is Quantitative Methods in Geography?
• What is Qualitative Methods in Geography?
• What is Quantitative Revolution?
• What is Radicalism?
• What is Rank Size Rule?
• What is Region?
• What is Regional Geography?
• What is Resource?
• What is Rural Urban Fringe?
• What is Scientific Determinism?
• What is Sectoral Model?
• What is sense of Place in Geography?
• What is Sequent Occupance?
• What is Social Darwinism?
• What is Social Geography?
• What is Social Physics?
• What is Social Reproduction?
• What is Social Space?
• What is Space Economy?
• What is Spatial Analysis?
• What is Spatial Interaction?
• What is Spatial Science?
• Stages of Growth?
• What is system in Geography?
• What is System Analysis?
• What is Teleology?
• What is Terra-Incognita?
• What is Territoriality?
• What is Thematic Map?
• What is Time Geography?
• What is Topophilia?
• What is Welfare Geography?
• What is World Systems Analysis?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss about contribution of Greeks towards geography?


• Discuss about romans towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Indian scholars towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Arab scholars towards Geography?
• Elaborate about the contribution of Ptolemy towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Strabo towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Homer towards geography?
• Discuss about the Eratosthenes contribution towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Herodotus towards Geography?
• Discuss about contribution of Anaximander towards Geography?
• Discuss about contribution of Indian Geographers towards Dwipas?
• Discuss about the contribution of Indian Geographers about Eclipses?
• Discuss contribution of Al-Masudi towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Al-Biruni towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Ibn-Battuta about Geographical Concepts?
• Discuss about the contribution of Al-Idrisi towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of ratzel towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Humboldt towards Geography?
• Discuss about the contribution of Ritter towards Geography?
• Discuss Blanche’s contribution towards Geography?
• Discuss about the strategic view of Mackinder?
• Discuss about Environmental Determinism in Geography?
• Discuss about Possibilism in Geography?
• Differentiate between Systematic and Regional Geography?
• Differentiate between Physical and Human Geography?
• Differentiate between Idiographic and Nomotheic Geography?
• Discuss about Quantitative Revolution in Geography?
• Discuss about Advantages and Disadvantages about Quantitative Revolution?
• Discuss about Behaviouralism in Geography?
• Discuss about Radicalism in Geography?

Core-9: economic geography


SHORT QUESTION:

• What is economic geography?


• What is primary activity?
• What is secondary activity?
• What is tertiary activity?
• What is quaternary activity?
• What is quinary activity?
• What is intensive agriculture?
• What are the features of intensive agriculture?
• What is intensive subsistence agriculture?
• Features of intensive subsistence agriculture?
• What is extensive subsistence agriculture?
• Features of extensive subsistence agriculture?
• What is plantation agriculture?
• Features of plantation agriculture?
• What is mediterranean agriculture?
• Features of mediterranean agriculture?
• What is humid farming?
• Features of humid farming?
• What is irrigated farming?
• Features of irrigated framing?
• What is dry farming?
• Features of dry farming?
• What is monoculture?
• Features of monoculture?
• What is duoculture?
• Features of duoculture?
• What is oligoculture?
• Features of oligoculture?
• What is commercial grain farming?
• Features of commercial grain farming?
• What is collective farming?
• Features of collective farming?
• What is cooperative farming?
• Features of cooperative farming?
• What is mixed farming?
• Features of mixed farming?
• What is isolated state?
• What is economic rent?
• How many concentric zones are there in von thunen’s model?
• Characteristics of zone one of von thunen’s model?
• Characteristics of zone two of von thunen’s model?
• Characteristics of zone three of von thunen’s model?
• Characteristics of zone four of von thunen’s model?
• Characteristics of zone five of von thunen’s model?
• Characteristics of zone six of von thunen’s model?
• What is least cost theory?
• What is isodapanes?
• What is isotim?
• What is critical isodapanes?
• What is locational triangle?
• What is material index?
• What is labour coefficient?
• What is shifting cultivation?
• What is manufacturing industry?
• What is footloose industry?
LONG QUESTION:

• Discuss about different economic activities with examples.


• Factors affecting location of economic activity.
• Discuss about subsistence agriculture with its type.
• Discuss about von Thunen theory of agricultural location.
• Discuss about weber’s theory of industrial location.
• Discuss about basic assumptions of von thunen’s model.
• Discuss about basic assumptions of weber’s industrial location theory.
• Discuss about weber’s industrial location theory.
• What is agricultural region and discuss any one of it with salient features.
• Discuss about cotton industries in India.
• Discuss about factors determines the cotton industries.
• Discuss about factors determines the iron industries in India.
• Discuss about iron and steel industries in India.
• Discuss about one of the major industrial regions of the world.
• Discuss about industrial regions of India.
• What is special economic zone and its significance.
• Discuss about road transport and its importance in India.
• Discuss about railway transport and its importance in India.
• Discuss about airway in India and its importance.
• Discuss about the importance of waterways in India.
• Discuss about major waterways of the world.
• What is WTO and its importance.
• What is GATT and its importance.
• Discuss about components of trade and its type.

CORE-10: ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

SHORT QUESTIONS:

• Azonal soils?
• Biological factory?
• Contour bunding?
• Cutons?
• Edaphons?
• Field capacity stage?
• Humification?
• Microphytic feeders?
• Ped?
• Phytophages?
• Regoliths?
• Saprophages?
• Saturated stage?
• Soil profile?
• Soil structure?
• Tied-ridging?
• Wilting stage?
• Zonal soils?
• Abrupt speciation?
• Artificial selection?
• Biodegradation?
• Biogeochemical cycle?
• Biogeographical processes?
• Biomass?
• Biomass pyramid?
• Biosynthesis?
• Chemotrophs?
• Ecological productivity?
• Ecological pyramids?
• Energy pyramid?
• Food chain?
• Gradual speciation?
• Gross primary production?
• Natural selection?
• Net primary production?
• Speciation?
• Trophic level?
• Arboreal animals?
• Chaparrals?
• Alpine veld?
• Biome?
• Climbers?
• Epiphytes?
• Forest steppe?
• Formation?
• Grass savanna?
• Grass steppe?
• Hemi-epiphytes?
• Holo-epiphytes?
• Lhanos?
• Meadow steppe?
• Pseudo-epiphytes?
• Savanna?
• Shrub savanna?
• Sour veld?
• Steppe?
• Tree savanna?
• Tundra?
• Woodland savanna?
• Xerophytic structure?
• Disaster?
• Disaster prediction?
• Disaster preparedness?
• Disaster prevention?
• Disaster recovery?
• Disaster risk?
• Disaster vulnerability?
• Disaster warning system?
• Environmental hazard?
• Environmental stress?
• Extreme events?
• Conservative plate boundaries?
• Constructive plate boundaries?
• Destructive plate boundaries?
• Elastic rebound theory?
• Epicenter?
• Focus?
• Mercalli scale?
• reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS)
• Richter magnitude scale?
• Tsunami?
• Tsunamigenic earthquakes?
• Annualr belt?
• Bagulo?
• Cloud burst?
• Disaster?
• down burst?
• Easterly waves?
• Extreme events?
• Fujita scale?
• Hurricanes?
• Hurricane waves?
• Storm surge?
• Taifu?
• Tornadoes?
• Tornado outbreak?
• Tornado missiles?
• Typhoons?
• Acid rain?
• Agro forestry?
• Cloud seeding?
• Ecological view point?
• Economic deterministic?
• Environmental degradation?
• Greenhouse effect?
• Shifting cultivation?
• Air pollution?
• Acid rain?
• Bag filter?
• Cyclone separator?
• Decibel?
• Dieback?
• Electrostatic?
• Environmental pollution?
• Greenhouse effect?
• Non-point pollution?
• Point pollution?
• Smog?
• Solid waste?
• Sound pollution?
• Ecological resources?
• Environmental resources?
• Exhaustible resources?
• Inexhaustible resources?
• Managed ecological resources?
• Natural resources?
• Non-renewable resources?
• Non-utilitarian resources?
• Potential and developed resources?
• Renewable resources?
• Resource?
• Resource base?
• Resource reserves?
• Biodiversity?
• Biodiversity hotspots?
• Genetic biodiversity?
• Marine protected area (MPA)?
• Species biodiversity?
• Species extinction?
• Wetlands?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• What is environment and discuss about its type and characteristics.


• What is environment and discuss about its components.
• What is environmental control and discuss any one factor.
• Critically analyse how light controls environment.
• Discuss how temperature controls environment.
• How water controls environment, discuss it in detail.
• Discuss about the influence of topography on environment.
• How soil controls environment, critically analyse it.
• What is ecosystem and discuss its structure.
• What is ecosystem and discuss about its function.
• Discuss about trophic level, food chain and food web.
• Illustrate about the nitrogen cycle with suitable diagram.
• Illustrate about the carbon cycle with suitable diagram.
• What is biogeochemical cycle and discuss it in detail with diagram..
• Discuss about the energy flow in the ecosystem in detail with diagram.
• Discuss about equatorial biome and its characteristics.
• Discuss about sub-tropical biome and its characteristics.
• Discuss about temperate biome and its characteristics.
• Describe about polar biome and its characteristics.
• Discuss about the cause and source of water pollution
• Discuss about the remedial measures of water pollution.
• Describe the factors and source of air pollution.
• Describe about the remedial measures of air pollution.
• Discuss about various causes of environmental degradation.
• Discuss about the consequences of environmental degradation.
• Discuss about various environmental conservation methods.
• Discuss about various policies adopted in India to conserve the environment
• Discuss the Role of UNO to conserve the environment.
• Discuss the Role of UNEP to conserve the environment.
• Discuss the Role of UNDP to conserve the environment.
• Discuss the Role of IUCN to conserve the environment.
• Discuss about the strategy of sustainable development of environment.
• Discuss about the functions of GT in India.

CORE- 11: REGIONAL PLANNING


SHORT QUESTION:

• What is region?
• Define region?
• What is formal region?
• What is functional region?
• What is vernacular region?
• What is planning?
• What is problem?
• What is planning region?
• What is regional planning?
• Characteristics of planning region?
• What is ideal planning region?
• What is the need of planning?
• What is the need of five year plans in India?
• What is regional disparity?
• Causes of regional imbalances?
• What is growth pole?
• What is polarization?
• What is growth center?
• What is growth foci?
• What is growth point?
• What is external economy?
• What is agglomeration?
• What is linkage?
• What are the types of linkage?
• What is direct effect in growth pole theory?
• What is indirect effect in growth pole theory?
• What is primary growth pole?
• What is secondary growth pole?
• What is growth centre?
• What is economic space?
• What is geographic space?
• What is pre-industrial stage in core-periphery model?
• What is transitional stage in core periphery model?
• What is industrial stage in core periphery model?
• What is postindustrial stage in core periphery model?
• Types of economic space?
• Positive external economy?
• Negative external economy?
• Backward linkage?
• Forward linkage?
• Primary growth pole?
• Secondary growth pole?
• Physical linkage?
• Commodity linkage?
• Service linkage?
• Human linkage?
• Monetary linkage?
• Information linkage?
• What is backwater?
• What is an external economy?
• What is an internal economy?
• What is spread effect?
• What is backwash effect?
• What is growing point?
• What is north?
• What is south?

LONG QUESTION:

• What is region and discuss about various types of region.


• Discuss about characteristics of ideal planning region.
• Discuss about methods to delineate planning regions.
• Discuss about planning regions of India.
• Discuss about the cause of regional disparity in India.
• Discuss about growth pole model of Perroux.
• Discuss about theories of Myrdal.
• Discuss about Hirschman’s theory of regional growth.
• Discuss about Rostow’s growth model in regional planning.
• Discuss about IRDP and its features.
• Discuss about DPAP programme and its features.
• Discuss about the importance of tribal development agency in India.
• Discuss about the features of ITDP.
• Discuss about planning for national capital region.
• Discuss the concept and application of HDI in planning and development.

CORE-12: remote sensing and gis


SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is remote sensing?


• What is GIS?
• What is EMR?
• What is EMS?
• Wave frequency?
• Wave length?
• Relation between wave frequency and length?
• Active remote sensing?
• Passive remote sensing?
• Radar?
• Sonar?
• Geosynchronous orbit?
• Sun synchronous orbit?
• What is conduction?
• What is convection?
• What is radiation?
• Wien’s displacement law?
• Stefan-Boltzmann’s law?
• Planck’s law?
• What is refraction?
• Snell’s law?
• Scattering?
• Rayleigh scattering?
• Mie scattering?
• Non-selective scattering?
• Lambertian surface?
• What is absorption?
• Specular reflection?
• What is radiant flux?
• What is radiance?
• Radiant energy?
• Radiant flux density?
• Radiant exitance?
• Hemispherical reflectance?
• Hemispherical transmittance?
• Hemispherical absorptance?
• Irradiance?
• Exitance?
• Principal point?
• Conjugate principal point?
• Focal length?
• Nadir point?
• Ground nadir point?
• What is resolution?
• Spectral resolution?
• Radiometric resolution?
• Temporal resolution?
• Spatial resolution?
• Orbit?
• Orbit period?
• Orbit cycle?
• Geosynchronous satellite?
• Sun-synchronous satellite?
• Vertical photograph?
• Tilted photograph?
• Focal plane?
• What is absorption band?
• What are the elements of visual interpretation?
• What is photogrammetry?
• What is end lap?
• What is side lap?
• What is parallax?
• What is relief displacement?
• What is stereoscopy?
• What is digital elevation model?
• What is orthophoto?
• What is perspective center?
• What is IFOV?
• What is FOV?
• What is TFOV?
• What is swath?
• What is pixel?
• Multi spectral remote sensing?
• Hyper spectral remote sensing?
• Panchromatic remote sensing?
• What is image?
• What is path?
• What is row?
• What is GPS?
• What is space segment?
• What is control segment?
• What is user segment?
• What is triangulation?
• What is trilateration?
• What is almanac?
• What is ephemeris?
• What is propagation time?
• What is pseudorange?
• What is navigation code?
• What is ranging code?
• What is carrier phase?
• Ephemeris errors?
• Differential positioning system?
• What is database?
• What is database system?
• Define GIS?
• What is spatial data?
• What is attribute data?
• What is raster data?
• What is vector data?
• What is buffering?
• What is overlay?
• Raster data model?
• Vector data model?
• What is chain coding?
• What is block encoding?
• What is run length encoding?
• What is TIN?
• What is DEM?
• Quadtree and binary tree encoding?
• What is spaghetti model?
• What is vertex dictionary model?
• What is topological model?
• What is DIME model?
• What is Georeferencing?
• What is registration?
• What is clip?
• What is dissolve?
• What is union?
• What is intersection?
• What is append?
• What is identity/

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss about interaction of EMR with the atmosphere


• Discuss about the interaction of EMR with the terrain
• Discuss about the wave and particle model of EMR
• Discuss about the processes of remote sensing
• Discuss about the advantage and disadvantage of remote sensing
• Discuss about geometry of aerial photography
• Discuss about principles of stereo vision
• Discuss about image elements to interpret of satellite images.
• Discuss about various data used in GIS.
• Discuss about various raster model used in GIS
• Discuss about various vector model used in GIS.
• Discuss about various segments in GPS.
• Discuss about application of RS in cartography
• Discuss about application of GIS in map making
• Discuss the use of Remote Sensing in water resources
• Discuss about the use of Remote Sensing and gis in natural vegetation

CORE-13: Geography of India

SHORT QUESTIONS:

• Trans Himalaya
• The shiwalik
• Purvanchal Himalaya
• Peninsular India
• Coastal plain
• Western ghat
• Eastern ghat
• Sahyadri
• South west monsoon
• Urbanization
• Cropping pattern
• Commercial farming
• Plantation agriculture
• Kharif crop
• Rabi crop
• Regur
• Red and yellow soil
• Alluvial soil
• Laterite soil
• Tibet Himalaya
• Inter tropical convergence zone
• Anthracite coal
• Bituminous coal

LONG QUESTION:

• Physiography of Himalaya?
• Discuss about indo-Gangetic plain
• Discuss about peninsular India
• What is monsoon and discuss the south west monsoon
• Discuss about Indian monsoon
• How south west monsoon effect Indian economy
• Discuss various soil types in India
• Discuss various types of natural vegetation in India
• Briefly explain the climate of India
• The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides- discuss the causes
• Discuss on demographic characteristics of India
• Trends of population growth in India
• What is urbanization and discuss its advantages and disvantages
• Discuss on major tribal group of India
• Discuss on population problem in India
• Briefly discuss on population policies in India
• Distribution and utilization of iron ore with special reference to India
• Distribution and utilization of coal with special reference to India
• Distribution and utilization of petroleum with special reference to India
• Distribution and utilization of natural gas with special reference to India
• Factors of development of automobile
• Discuss the factors of location of iron & steel industry
• Discuss the factors of location of cotton textile industry
• Types of irrigation in India
• Characteristics of Indian agriculture
• Cropping pattern in India
• Discuss the production and distribution of rice in India
• Discuss the production and distribution of wheat in India
• Discuss the production and distribution of tea in India
• Discuss the production and distribution of coffee in India
• Problems in Indian agriculture

CORE-14: DISASTER MANAGEMENT

SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is hazard?
• What is disaster?
• What is man-made hazard?
• What is natural hazard?
• What is vulnerability?
• What is risk?
• What is environmental stress?
• What is compound disaster?
• What is disaster management?
• Principles of disaster management.
• What is hazard risk?
• What is component of hazard risk?
• Phases of pre disaster stage.
• Phases of post disaster stage.
• What is disaster preparedness?
• What is disaster mitigation?
• What is disaster prevention?
• What is relief?
• What is recovery?
• What is rehabilitation?
• What is disaster cycle?
• What is the full form of NGO?
• What is the full form of GO?
• What is the full form of NDMA?
• What is the full form of NIDM?
• What is the full form of NDRF?
• What is the full form of ODRAF?
• What is the full form of OSDMA?
• What is flood?
• What is storm surge?
• What is water logged flood?
• What is flash flood?
• What is dam failure flood?
• What is urban flood?
• Cause of flood.
• Positive effects of flood.
• Negative effects of flood.
• Elements of pre-flood disaster management.
• Elements of post-flood disaster management.
• Flood controlling measures.
• What is drought?
• What is meteorological drought?
• What is agricultural drought?
• What is hydrological drought?
• What is socio-economic drought?
• What is earthquake?
• What is focus?
• What is epicentre?
• Types of seismic waves.
• What is seismograph?
• What is seismology?
• Cause of earthquake.
• Constructive plate boundaries.
• Destructive plate boundaries.
• Constructive plate boundaries.
• Circum pacific belt.
• Mid-continental belt.
• Mid-Atlantic belt.
• What is Tsunami?
• What is coastal regulation zone?
• What is landslide?
• Factors of landslide.
• What is fall?
• What is sinking?
• What is slide?
• What is block slide?
• What is spreading?
• What is creeping?
• What is rock creep?
• What is talus creep?
• What is slide?
• What is slumping?
• What is earthflow?
• What is slide?
• What is mudflow?
• What is cyclone?
• What is low pressure center

LONG QUESTIONS:
• What is hazard and discuss its type in detail?
• What is disaster and discuss its type in detail?
• What is disaster cycle and discuss its component?
• What is disaster management and discuss the phases of pre disaster stage?
• What is disaster management and discuss the phases of post disaster stage?
• Discuss the role of NGO in disaster management.
• Discuss the functions of government organisation in disaster management.
• Discuss about the role of NDMA in disaster management.
• Discuss the role of NIDM in disaster management.
• Discuss the role of NDRF in disaster management.
• Discuss the role of ORDAF in disaster management.
• Discuss the role of OSDMA in disaster management.
• What is flood and discuss the factors of flood.
• Discuss about the factor and effect of flood.
• Discuss the cause and effect of cyclone.
• What is drought and discuss its type with effect.
• What is earthquake and discuss the cause of earthquake.
• Discuss the cause and adverse effect of earthquake.
• Discuss the adverse effect and safety measures of Tsunami.
• What is landslide and discuss various types of landslide.
• Discuss about effect of landslides.
• Discuss about the effect and cause of fire hazards.
• Discuss the adverse effect and remedial measures of industrial hazard.
• What is nuclear hazard and discuss its effect.
• Discuss about salient features of India’s disaster management policy.

DSE-1: population geography


SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is census?
• Types of census?
• De facto census.
• De jure census.
• Merits of de facto census.
• Demerits of de facto census.
• Merits of de jure census.
• Demerits of de jure census.
• Salient features of census.
• Uses of census.
• Problems of census.
• What is national sample survey?
• Population density.
• Physiological density.
• Nutritional density.
• Agricultural density.
• Economic density.
• What is fertility?
• Crude birth rate.
• Corrected birth rate.
• General fertility rate.
• Age-specific fertility rate.
• Total fertility rate.
• Gross reproduction rate.
• Net reproduction rate.
• Completed fertility rate.
• Standardised fertility rate.
• Factors determining fertility rate.
• What is mortality?
• Crude death rate.
• Age specific death rate.
• Infant mortality rate.
• Standardised death rate.
• Cause specific death rate.
• Factors affecting death rate.
• What is migration?
• Pull factors of migration.
• Push factors of migration.
• What is immigration and emigration?
• What is in-migration and out-migration?
• Internal migration and external migration.
• Migration stream.
• Migration interval.
• Sources of data for internal migration.
• Vital statistics method to measure migration.
• Census survival rate method to measure migration.
• Migration rate method.
• Determinants of internal migration in India.
• Effects of migration.
• Phase of stagnation.
• Phase of steady growth.
• Phase of rapid growth.
• Phase of high growth.
• Rural to rural migration.
• Rural to urban migration.
• Urban to urban migration.
• Urban to rural migration.
• Age sex ratio.
• Age sex pyramid.
• Rural-urban composition.
• Literacy.
• Occupational structure.

LONG QUESTIONS:

• Discuss about the determinants of distribution of population distribution.


• Discuss about the sources of population data in India.
• Discuss about population problems in the world.
• Discuss about population problems in India.
• Critically analyse the Malthusian theory
• Elaborate demographic transition theory with diagram.
• Discuss the determinants of population growth in India.
• Discuss determinants of fertility in India.
• Discuss the methods to measure fertility in India.
• Discuss the factors affecting the mortality in India.
• Cite the methods to measure mortality in India.
• Discuss the factors responsible for migration.
• Discuss the effects of migration in India.
• Discuss about the age-sex composition of population in India.
• Discuss about the rural-urban composition of population in India.
• Discuss about the occupational structure in India.
• Discuss about the ageing problems of population in India.
• Discuss about age-sex ratio composition in India.
• Discuss about the trend of urbanization in India.
• Discuss about problems in urban areas in India.
DSE-2: RESOURCE GEOGRAPHY
SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is resource?
• Define resource.
• What are resource creating factors?
• What is resistance?
• What is neutral stuffs?
• What is stock?
• What is reserve?
• What is potential resources?
• Elements of resources?
• What is inexhaustible resource?
• What is exhaustible resources?
• Renewable resources.
• Non-renewable resources.
• What is ubiquities resource?
• What is commonalities resource?
• What is rarities resource?
• What is Uniquities?
• What is unused resource?
• What is latent resource?
• What is tropical rain forest?
• Tropical deciduous forests.
• Mediterranean forests.
• Temperate deciduous forests.
• Temperate mixed forest.
• Coniferous forest.
• Tropical grassland forest.
• Temperate grassland forest.
• Tundra forest.
• What is energy?
• What is conventional energy?
• What are the major constituents of coal?
• Anthracite.
• Bituminous.
• Lignite.
• Peat.
• The Ruhr region.
• Uses of petroleum.
• Major petroleum producing areas in India.
• What is hydro-electricity?
• Advantages of hydro-electricity.
• Physical factors for hydro-electricity.
• Economic factors for hydro-electricity.
• Photo voltaics process in solar energy.
• Solar thermal technology in solar energy.
• What is geothermal energy?
• What is biomass energy?
• What is mineral?
• Types of mineral.
• Ferrous mineral.
• Ferro-alloy mineral.
• Non-ferrous mineral.
• Non-metallic minerals.
• Mineral fuels.
• Mineral fertilizers.
• Earth materials.
• Hematite.
• Magnetite.
• Limonite
• Siderite.
• Psilomelane.
• Bronite.
• Manganite.
• Hosmanite.
• Polianite.
• What is resource management?
• What is resource conservation?
• What is sustainability of resources?
• What is resource evaluation?
• What are the aims of resource conservation?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• What is resource, classify it and describe it in detail?


• Discuss about functional theory of resources.
• Discuss about distribution and utilisation of land resources.
• Discuss about the distribution and utilization of water resources.
• Discuss about forest resources and its distribution and utilisation.
• Classify coal and discuss about its distribution in India.
• Discuss about the distribution of petroleum in India.
• Discuss about distribution of solar energy in India.
• Discuss about the distribution of bauxite in India.
• Classify manganese and discuss about its distribution.
• Discuss about wind energy in India and its factors.
• Discuss about methods of conservation of forest resources.
• Discuss about the methods of conservation of land resources.
• Discuss about the methods of conservation of water resources.
• Discuss about the methods of conservation of energy resources.
• What is resource scarcity hypothesis?
• What is sustainable development of resources?
DSE-3: URBAN GEOGRAPHY
SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is urban geography?


• Define urban geography.
• Mention nature of urban geography.
• What is urbanization?
• Mention indicators of urbanization.
• Mention determinants of urbanization.
• What is ancient town?
• What is medieval town?
• What is modern town?
• What is administrative town?
• What is industrial town?
• What is trade centre town?
• What is transport town?
• Mining towns.
• Educational towns.
• Religious towns.
• Defence or military towns.
• Health resorts and tourist towns.
• Diversified towns.
• What is functional index?
• What is regional functional dimension?
• What is urban morphology?
• Define urban morphology.
• What is linear layout of cities?
• What is radial layout of cities?
• What is gridiron plan of cities?
• What is radio concentric plan of cities?
• What is irregular plan of cities?
• What is mixed plan of cities?
• What is linear pattern of cities?
• Rectangular or square pattern of cities.
• Circular or oval pattern of cities.
• Semi-circular pattern of cities.
• Triangular pattern of cities.
• Radial pattern of cities.
• Star pattern of cities
• Amorphous cities.
• What is CBD?
• The zone of transition.
• The zone of independent working men’s homes.
• The zone of better residence.
• The commuter’s zone.
• Wholesale trade and light manufacturing.
• Low class residential.
• Medium class residential.
• High class residential.
• Heavy manufacturing.
• Outlying business district.
• Residential suburb.
• Industrial suburb.
• What is rural urban fringe?
• Define rural urban fringe.
• Characteristics of rural-urban fringe.
• Types of rural-urban fringe.
• Primary fringe.
• Secondary fringe.
• Determinants of rural-urban fringe.
• What is umland?
• Define umland.
• What is primary umland?
• What is secondary umland?
• What is gravity model in urban geography.
• Law of retail gravitation.
• What is breaking point model?
• What is propensity index of towns?
• What is central place?
• What is centrality?
• What is complementary area?
• What is threshold?
• What is range of goods?
• What is market principle?
• What is transport principle?
• What is administrative principle?
• What is rank size rule?
• How to calculate rank size rule?
• What is primacy index?
• How to calculate primacy index?
• What is hypothetical distance method?
• How hypothetical distance method is calculated?
• What is nearest neighbour method?
• What are determinants of town spacing?
• What is slum?
• Characteristics of slum.
• Causes of slum.
• What is garden city?

LONG QUESTIONS:

• What is urban geography; discuss its nature and scope.


• Discuss about the trend of urbanization in developed world.
• Discuss about the trend of urbanization in developing world.
• Discuss about the trend of urbanization in India.
• Give an account of functional classification of cities.
• Discuss about quantitative and qualitative methods to delineate cities.
• Criticize the basic assumptions Christaller’s central place theory.
• Discuss in detail about central place theory.
• Discuss about morphology of urban settlement.
• What is umland and discuss about its determinant and types.
• What is CBD and discuss it in detail with diagram.
• Discuss about sector theory in detail with diagram.
• Discuss about multiple nuclei theory in detail with diagram.
• Discuss about urban issues and problems in detail.
• Discuss about determinants of slum and its type
• Discuss about air pollution in urban area and its remedies
• Discuss about water pollution in cities and its measures.
• Discuss about noise pollution in urban areas and its measures.
• Discuss about the urban planning in delhi in the context of planning and issues.
• Elaborate the case studies of Mumbai in the context of planning and issues.
• Discuss about the case studies of kolkata in the context of planning and issues.
• Elaborate the case studies of Bhubaneswar in the context of planning and issues.
• Elaborate the case studies of Chandigarh in the context of planning and issues.

DSE-4: FIELD WORK AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


SHORT QUESTIONS:

• What is research?
• Define research.
• Objectives of research.
• Types of research.
• Objectives of research.
• What is basic research?
• What is case study research?
• What is descriptive research?
• What is experimental research?
• Significance of research.
• Ethics of research.
• What is plagiarism?
• Characteristics of research.
• Types of data.
• What is primary data?
• Advantage of primary data.
• Disadvantage of primary data.
• What is secondary data?
• Advantage of secondary data.
• Disadvantage of secondary data.
• What is observation method?
• Advantage of observation method.
• Disadvantage of observation method.
• What is survey method?
• Advantage of survey method.
• Disadvantage of survey method.
• What is depth interview method?
• Advantage of depth interview.
• Disadvantage of depth interview.
• Focus group interview method.
• Objectives of focus group.
• Advantages of focus group method.
• Disadvantage of focus group method.
• What is case study method?
• Types of case studies.
• Advantage of case studies.
• Disadvantage of case studies.
• What is experimental method?
• What is completely randomized design?
• What is randomized block design?
• What is Latin square design?
• What is factorial design?
• What is action research?
• What is questionnaire?
• What is structured questionnaire?
• What is unstructured questionnaire?
• What are the qualities of questionnaire?
• Advantage of questionnaire.
• Disadvantage of questionnaire.
• What is closed ended questionnaire?
• What is open ended questionnaire?
• What is schedule?
• What is focus group discussion?
• What is PRA?
• What are the characteristics of PRA?
• Advantage of PRA.
• Disadvantage of PRA.
LONG QUESTIONS:

• Define research and its objectives.


• What is research, classify it and discuss one type of research.
• Discuss about significance and ethics of research.
• Discuss about role and utility of fieldwork in geography.
• What is primary data and discuss about methods for collecting it?
• Discuss about ex-post facto research.
• Discuss about field survey research.
• Discuss about observation techniques to collect data.
• Discuss about questionnaire to collect data with its type.
• Discuss about PRA in research.
• Discuss about focus grouped discussion in research.
• Discuss about the designing the research report.
• Elaborate the importance of literature review.
• Discuss about the style of citation in science.
• Discuss about the style of citation in social science.

Question Bank
Department of Geography
Kendrapara Autonomous College
Kendrapara-754211

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