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GR11 Physbuddy 2024 Circuits With Internal Resistance Ams

Physics Circuits

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560 views15 pages

GR11 Physbuddy 2024 Circuits With Internal Resistance Ams

Physics Circuits

Uploaded by

Talha Manjra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PhysBuddy PHYSICAL SCIENCES

GRADE 11
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS P1
2024 ATP INCLUDES
INTERNAL RESISTANCE
CALCULATIONS
This is NEW for 2024 GR11

This document serves as a supplement to the


2024 PhysBuddy to ensure that
the required content is covered as
the 2024 PhysBuddy does not include this chapter -

FREE DOWNLOAD
physbuddy.teachable.com @physbuddy
EMF AND INTERNAL RESISTANCE

EMF EXTERNAL VOLTAGE


(Terminal Potential Difference)

- is measured with a voltmeter - Vext is measured with a voltmeter


across the battery across the battery when the
when no current flows through the switch is closed
battery. Open switch.
- Vext is the sum of potential
difference across resistors in a
circuit

EMF is the Maximum energy provided - When you connect a voltmeter


(work done) by a battery per across a12V battery, and close the
coulomb/unit charge passing through it. switch, you find that the potential
W difference is less than 12V.
V=
Q
- Sources are labelled with their - Some volts are ‘lost’ due to internal
EMF. For example, a 12 V battery resistance of the battery
delivers 12 J of
energy per coulomb of charge

The difference between EMF and Vext is called 𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 or 𝐕𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 and is
due to the internal resistance of the battery itself (r)

Vlost = 12 − 10
= 2V

Gr12/P1 277 PhysBuddy


INTERNAL RESISTANCE (r ) AND LOST VOLTS

• As current flows through a circuit, most of the energy is transferred to the


resistors and other components in the external circuit, but a small amount of
energy is used up inside the cell or battery.

• This energy is used to overcome the internal resistance of the cell.


The volts used inside the cell are known as ‘lost volts’

To calculate ‘lost volts’ Internal r

𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 = 𝐈𝐫

Total current
• The total EMF is made up of the lost volts + voltage of external circuit

𝐄𝐌𝐅 = 𝐕𝐞𝐱𝐭 + 𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭


= 𝐈𝐑 + 𝐈𝐫
𝐄 = 𝐈 (𝐑 + 𝐫 ) Data Sheet Equation

Worked Example 2:

𝐕𝐞𝐱𝐭 is Voltmeter Reading which DECREASES

Reason
- By closing the switch, Total Resistance Deceases (Parallel Resistors)
- Therefore, Total Current Increases
- 𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 increases ( Vlost = Ir ) , because I increases and r constant
- From equation 𝐄𝐌𝐅 = 𝐕𝐞𝐱𝐭 + 𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭
- Emf is constant, so if 𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 increases then 𝐕𝐞𝐱𝐭 decreases

Gr12/P1 278 PhysBuddy


Worked Example 3:

Total external
3.1 Calculate the total external resistance. resistance is also called
‘effective resistance’

Start by following the path of the current from positive


terminal to the negative terminal (conventional current)

• The total current flows from the battery


(+ terminal) and flows through the 8Ω resistor.
• Thereafter the total current SPLITS.
Some of the current flows to 5Ω and some flows to 10Ω
indicating that 5Ω and 10Ω are connected in parallel
• The 8Ω resistor is in series with the parallel combination of
the 5Ω and 10Ω

Calculate Total Parallel Calculate The


Resistance Total Resistance in The Circuit
1 1 1
Rp
= R1
+R
2
𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐓𝐀𝐋 = 𝐑𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 + 𝐑𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐋
1 1 1
= + RT = RS + RP
Rp 5 10 R TOTAL = 8 + 3,33
1 3 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟑𝟑𝛀 Useful equation to
= calculate
Rp 10
10 Total Resistance
Rp =
3
= 𝟑, 𝟑𝟑 Ω
Gr12/P1 279 PhysBuddy
6
3.2 Calculate the current in the 8Ω resistor

By following the path of the current from positive


terminal to the negative terminal (conventional
current), we see that
The total current flows from the battery
(+ terminal) and flows through the 8Ω resistor.

E = I (R + r ) ε = 20V
TIP!
20 = I (11,33 + 1) r = 1Ω List given values
= 𝟏, 𝟔𝟐𝐀 R = 11,33 using symbols
(calculated above)

3.3 Calculate the potential difference across the 5Ω resistor


- the 5Ω and 10Ω resistor are connected in parallel and
thus have the same voltage (Voltage across parallel resistors is the same)
We can call this Vp (parallel Voltage)
- we can call the voltage across the 8Ω resistor Vs (voltage in series)

Vext Vs
Rext = Rs =
I I
Vext Vs
11,33 = 8=
1,62 1,62
𝐕𝐞𝐱𝐭 = 𝟏𝟖, 𝟑𝟓𝐕 𝐕𝐬 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟗𝟔𝐕

Depending on the method


Vext = VSERIES + VPARALLEL used you will get an
Vext = VS + VP answer in the range of
18,35 = 12,96 + Vp 5,39V-5,41V
𝐕𝐩 = 𝟓, 𝟑𝟗𝐕 Accepted by official memo

3.4 Calculate the total power supplied by the battery

P = I2R The battery overcomes


P = (1,62)2 (12.33) Rext + internal r
𝐏 = 𝟑𝟐, 𝟑𝟔𝐖 = 11,33 + 1
= 𝟏𝟐, 𝟑𝟑𝛀
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟
𝟏, 𝟔𝟐𝐀 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲

Gr12/P1 280 PhysBuddy


NOV 2014

MEMO PG 416

Gr12/P1 289 PhysBuddy


MEMO PG 417

Gr12/P1 291 PhysBuddy


MEMO PG 416

Gr12/P1 293 PhysBuddy


MEMO PG 418

Gr12/P1 294 PhysBuddy


MEMO PG 420

Gr12/P1 297 PhysBuddy


MEMO PG 425

Gr12/P1 311 PhysBuddy


ANSWERS
P6
P7

Pg 416
P8 P9
P 11
P 10
P'HYSICAL SCIIENICES.
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