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PLDT Notes1.2

PLDT qbasic notes

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80 views

PLDT Notes1.2

PLDT qbasic notes

Uploaded by

UTSAV TIWARY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

What is PLDT?

It stands for Programming logic and design tools. It is a process in


which we write any problems according to requirement with the help of
development tools, such as algorithm and flowchart.

Computer programming language

It is a special language in which a user is initiated/communicated with


a computer system. It is a collection of grammatical rules and
mathematical symbolic as “+”, “-”, “*”, “/” etc.
Its main objective is to write program for performing a special task
according to requirement language are available in market such as :- C,
C++, Java, PHP, .NET(VB. net,c#. net,ASP.net) etc.

There are two types of programming language:

i) Low level programming language


ii) High level programming language

i) Low level programming language: It is a machine oriented language


that is used to develop system software such as OS, Compiler,
Interpreter, Linker, Loader, Network drivers etc.
It can be classified into two parts:
a. Machine level language/binary language
b. Assembly language

Machine language: It is only special language that is understand by


computer. It needs the extensive knowledge of computer hardware for
writing this language.
Example- 10 + 20 =30 can be written as:

1010 + 10100=11110
Advantage:

i) It’s execution is fast.


ii) It is used in system programming.

Disadvantage:

i) It is difficult to learn.
ii) Debugging is complex.

Note: Debugging- The process to remove the error in programming.

Assembly Language: In this language we use mnemonics(special symbol)


for writing programs.
Mnemonics can be : ADD, SUB, MULTI, DIV etc.

Example: 10 + 20 = 30 can be written as:

1010 ADD 10100 EQUAL 11110

Advantage:

i) It is simple and easy to learn.


ii) Time taking is less.
iii) Debugging is fast.

Disadvantage:
i) Execution speed is slow because it needs a translator as a compiler
or Interpreter.

Programming Techniques:

Types of programming techniques:


a. Procedural Programming
b. Object Oriented Programming

Procedural Programming

It is the traditional method that is used to reduce the complexity of a


program. In this case a large program can be divided into more than
one part. That part is called functional, module, subroutine, method
etc.

Example -> A calculator program may be divided into several modules as


:- find add(), find sub(), find multi(), find div(), etc. These modules
perform operation separately.

Function is used to implement procedural / programming.

Example -> OBASIC, C, COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL etc. are the


example of procedural programming.

Object oriented programming

It is the latest programming technology that reduces the complexity


of program using class, object, inheritance, polymorphism,
encapsulation etc. Its main objective is to provide reusability. It means
ones written source code can be reused multiple times according to
requirement.
Eg -> C++, Java, PHP, .NET(VB.Net , C#.Net, ASP.Net) are example of
object oriented programing.

Continued…………….

Program Development life cycle:

It is a collection of steps or phases that are used to develop a program


according to requirements in any programming language such as Qbasic,
c, c++, java,PHP, etc

There are six steps for developing programs:

i) Problem Definition
ii) Problem analysis
iii) Design(Algorithm Development)
iv) Coding and documentation
v) Testing and debugging
vi) Maintenance
1. Problem Definition
In this phase, we define the problem statement and we decide the boundaries of the problem. In
this phase we need to understand the problem statement, what is our requirement, what should
be the output of the problem solution. These are defined in this first phase of the program
development life cycle.

2. Problem Analysis
In phase 2, we determine the requirements like variables, functions, etc. to solve the problem.
That means we gather the required resources to solve the problem defined in the problem
definition phase. We also determine the bounds of the solution.

3. Design(Algorithm Development)
During this phase, we develop a step by step procedure to solve the problem using the
specification given in the previous phase. This phase is very important for program development.
That means we write the solution in step by step statements.

4. Coding & Documentation


This phase uses a programming language to write or implement actual programming instructions
for the steps defined in the previous phase. In this phase, we construct actual program. That
means we write the program to solve the given problem using programming languages like C, C++,
Java, PHP, language(s), etc.

5. Testing & Debugging


During this phase, we check whether the code written in previous step is solving the specified
problem or not. That means we test the program whether it is solving the problem for various
input data values or not. We also test that whether it is providing the desired output or not.

All programs must be tested for errors. This is a process known as debugging.

6. Maintenance
During this phase, the program is actively used by the users. If any enhancements found in this
phase, all the phases are to be repeated again to make the enhancements. That means in this
phase, the solution (program) is used by the end user. If the user encounters any problem or wants
any enhancement, then we need to repeat all the phases from the starting, so that the
encountered problem is solved or enhancement is added.

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