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Bio Pp2 Kcse 2024 Prediction Trials

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KCSE 2024 PREDICTION TRIALS

BIOLOGY PAPER 2
KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION TRIALS 1-10
CLASS OF KCSE 2024 NOVEMBER
The set Comprises of 10 Prediction Trials prepared
by a panel of Top KNEC Writers Nairobi HQ
Kenya Educators Consultancy is proud to announce that in KCSE 2023 National
Examinations, more than 57% of our predictions from the same panelists appeared in
the national exam (KCSE 2023)

All KCSE 2024 November Candidates are advised to take the questions in this
package of predictions serious as they prepare for the national exams!

FOR MARKING SCHEMES

CONTACT
MR MACHUKI 0724333200/0795491185
OR
ORDER ONLINE AT:
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke

Confidential!!!
All the best to all KCSE 2024 Candidates as they prepare for the national Exams

KENYA EDUCATORS CONSULTANCY

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at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…………

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………………...

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………………...

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 1

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6 (compulsory)
and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the papers are
printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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1. The diagrams below shows samples of blood obtained from two different persons A and B.

Blood sample from person A Blood sample from person B

a) What genetic disorder is person A suffering from? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of the disorder in (a) above (2 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….

(c) Work out the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offsprings of marriage between
person A and person B (5 marks)

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2. The results in the table below show the effects of some conditions for seed germination. In each
experiment, all other environmental conditions were kept constant, except for the one being
investigated.
Experiment Treatment % germination
P - Seeds placed in tightly closed container with pyrogallic acid. 0
L i) Seeds kept in source of light. 96
ii) Seeds kept in dark cupboard 97
M i) Seeds kept in a refrigerator at 40C 0.5
ii) Seeds kept in an oven at 600C 0
iii) Seeds kept at 350C 92
V i) Dry seeds in closed containers 0
ii) Moist seeds in closed container 87

a) i) What was the purpose of pyrogallic acid in experiment (P) (1mark)

…………………………………………….......................…………………………………………
.................................................................................................................................…………….

ii) State the aim of the experiment (L) (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
...............................................................................................................................................….

b) i) Account for the results obtained in experiment set-up (M). (3marks)

…………………………...…………………………………………………………………………
….…………………………..………………………………………………………………………
……...………………………………………………………………………………………………
………........................................................................................................................................

ii) State why 100% germination was not achieved in experiment (V) (L) (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………..........……………………………
……….……………………………………………………………….……………………………

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c) Of what biological significance is the condition necessary for germination being
investigated by experiment (V). (2marks)
…………………………………………......………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………….....…........……………………………………………
…………...........................................................................................................................…….
3. The figure below is a photomicrograph of a section of mammalian skin. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

i) Suggest why only one complete hair follicle is visible in the figure. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) State two functions of the secretion from the gland labeled C (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..................................................................................................................................………

iii) Indicate on the photograph by means of line labeled ‘K’ a muscle that contract to make hair become
erect. (1mark)
iv) Name the parts labeled (3marks)
A …………………………………………….………………………………..…………………….

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B .…………………………………………………………………….…………..…………………

D .....…………………………………………………………………………………………………

v) Explain the behaviour of structure E when environmental temperature falls to 100C. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The epidermis of a leaf is adapted to have the specialized cells known as the guard cell such as
shown below.

Guard cell
●

●
X
●

Epidermal cell
●
a) i) Name the structure labelled X on the diagram. (1 mark)

ii) State three adaptations of the guard cell to its function of opening and closing of stomata
in plants. (3 marks)

b) The mammalian lung is known to have adapted the mammal to terrestrial habitat by having a
pleural membrane.

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i) State two functions of a pleural membrane that gives the mammal advantage over other
organisms. (2 marks)

...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
ii) Name two diseases of the respiratory system. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
5. The question below represents a chemical equation that takes place in green plants under certain
conditions
Carbon (IV) Oxide + water Glucose + X
a) Name substance X (1mark)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

b) Other than the conditions stated in the equation, state two other conditions necessary for the
reaction (2mks)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................

c) Name two types of cells in which this process occurs (2mks)

d) Name the process represented by the equation given above (1mk)

e) State the importance of the process named in (e) above (2mks)

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..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................

SECTION B (40 MARKS)

Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either7 or 8 in spaces provided after questions 8.
6. In an experiment to determine the effect of ringing on the concentration of sugar in phloem, a ring
of bark from stem of a tree was cut and removed. The amount of sugar in grammes per 16cm3
piece of bark above the ring was measured over 24hour period. Sugar was also measured in the
bark of a similar stem of a tree which was not ringed. The results are as shown in the table below.
Amount of sugar in grammes per 16cm3 piece of bark
Time of the day
Normal stem Ringed stem

0645 0.78 0.78

0945 0.80 0.91
1245 0.81 1.01
1545 0.80 1.04
1845 0.77 1.00
2145 0.73 0.95
0045 0.65 0.8

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a) Using the same axis, plot a graph of sugar against time. (6 marks)

b) At what time was the amount of sugar highest in the:

i) Ringed stem.............................................................................................................................(1 mark)

ii) Normal stem.......................................................................................................................(1 mark)

c) i) How much sugar would be in the ringed stem if it was measured at 0345hours? (1 mark)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

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ii) Give reasons why there was sugar in the stems of both trees at 0645hours. (2 marks)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
d) Account for the shape of the graph for the tree with ringed stem between:
i) 0645 hours and 1545 hours. (3 marks)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
ii) 1545 hours and 0045 hours. (2 marks)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

e) Name the structures in the phloem that are involved in the translocation of sugars. (2 marks)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................

f) Other than sugars, name two compounds that are translocated in the phloem. (2 marks)

8. Describe how a bony fish like tilapia is adapted to locomotion in aquatic habitat. (20mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…………

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………………...

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………………...

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 2

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6 (compulsory)
and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the
papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score

A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
SECTION A (40MKS)

Answer all the questions in these section

1. Haemophilia is a sex linked characteristic caused by a recessive gene located on one of the
sex chromosomes.
a) Name the chromosome onto which the gene for haemophilia is linked to (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A normal man for the condition marries a normal woman for the condition but sadly
one of their sons develop this condition from birth.
i) What are the likely genotypes of this couple? (2mks)
Man
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Woman
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Using a punnet square, carry out a cross to show why the couple gave birth to
haemophiliac son (4mks)
Use (H),to represent the gene for normal condition and (h) to represent the gene for
haemophilia

iii) Why is this haemophiliac condition very common in males than in female (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The figure below represents an organ obtained from a section of a plant. Use it to answer
questions that follow.

D
a) i) Name the organ from which the above section was obtained. Give a reason for your
answer (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Structure labelled J is described as a mechanical tissue. Explain (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i) Name the process by which water passes across structure M (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii)Explain two ways by which cells with structures Dare adapted to their functions
(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name two strengthening materials that strengthen the collenchyma tissue (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. The herbivorous mammalian species were introduced into an ecosystem at the same time
and in equal numbers. The graph below represents their populations during the first seven
years. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.

a) i) Which species has a better competitive ability (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Give reason for your answer (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Account for the shape of the curve of species A between
i) One year and three years (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Three years and seven years (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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c) A natural predator for species A was introduced into the ecosystem. With a reason state
how the population of each species would be affected (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. A student from Abogeta secondary set up an experiment as illustrated below.

The visking tubing was left in iodine solution for 4 hours.

a) State the physiological process being investigated (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i) What were the expected results in the visking tubing and in the beaker (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii)Account for your expected result in visking tubing (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Mention three factors that influences the rate of active transport (3mks)

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5. An experiment was set up to investigate a factor in autotrophism in green plants.

Vaseline was applied at joint between the cork and the mouth of glass bottle and set up was
left under sunlight for 6 hours.
a) Why was it necessary;
i) To apply Vaseline (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) To cover the pot with polythene paper (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) What was the purpose of including the small animals? Give two reasons. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i) What would happen to the small animal if the set up was left over night in darkness
(1mk)

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii)Account for the answer in b (i) above (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State the respiratory surface of the following organism (2mks)
i) Amoeba
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Fish
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION B (40MKS)
Answer question 6 (Compulsory) and choose either question 7 or 8
6. A hungry person had a meal, after which the concentration of glucose and amino acids in
the blood were determined. This was measured hourly as the blood passed through the
hepatic portal vein and the iliac vein in the leg. The results were as shown in the table
below.
Time (Hrs) Concentration of contents in Concentration of contents in the
Hepatic portal vein (Mg/100ml) iliac vein of the leg (Mg/100ml)
Glucose Amino acids Glucose Amino acids
0 85 1.0 85 1.0
1 85 1.0 85 1.0
2 140 1.0 125 1.0
3 130 1.5 110 1.5
4 110 1.5 90 3.0
5 90 3.0 90 2.0
6 90 2.0 90 1.0
7 90 1.0 90 1.0

a) Using the same axes draw graphs of concentration of glucose in the hepatic portal vein
and the iliac vein in the leg against time (7mks)

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b) Account for the concentration of glucose in the hepatic portal vein from;
i) 0-1 hour (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) 1-2 hours (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) 2-4 hours (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) 5-7 hours (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c) Account for the difference in the concentration of glucose in hepatic portal vein and the
iliac vein between 2 and 4 hours (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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d) Using the data provided in the table explain why the concertation of amino acids in the
hepatic portal vein took longer to increase (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Essays
7. a) Describe the opening and closing of the stomata using the photosynthetic theory
(10mks)
b) Describe blood sugar regulations in mammals (10mks)
8. a) Describe the adaptation of the following plants to their habitat;
i) Xerophytes (15mks)
ii) Hydrophytes (5mks)

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…………

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………………...

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………………...

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 3

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6
(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the papers
are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

1 (a) the table below shows the concentration of sodium and iodine ions in pond water and in the
cell sap.
Sodium ion concentration Iodine concentration

Pond water 180 0.4

Cell sap 90 500

Giving reasons name the process through which each of the ions is taken up by the plants
(i) Sodium ion (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The lettuce plant was then treated with a chemical substance that inhibits the synthesis of
ATP Giving a reason, state which ion was affected by the treatment (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Explain why fresh water fish cannot survive is marine habitat (2mks)

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(a) Name the trophic level represented by Q (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name the process represented by: (3mks)
I
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
III
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Name the organism involved in process II (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) What would happen within the ecosystem if all the secondary consumers were eliminated?

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(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. (a) what is non disjunction (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Haemophilia is a sex linked trait

(i) If a normal woman but carrier for haemophilia marries a normal man, work out the
phenotype of the offspring using a genetic cross (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
(ii) Name two chromosomal disorders (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Other then haemophilia, state any other two sex - linked defect in man (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. An experiment was set to investigate the effect of unilateral light on the growth of oat coleoptiles.
The diagram in the table represents the experimental set ups the start and the result at the end of
experiment.

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(a) Account for the reaction in experiment set up A (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
(b) Explain the purpose of experiment set up B and C (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
(c) Explain the results in the experiment set D and E (2mks)
D
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The diagram below represents a transverse section through mammalian skin

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(a) Name the structures A and B (2mks)
A………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) (i) Explain how the hair in human beings helps in keeping the body warm (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain other methods by which the skin helps to keep the body warm (3mks)
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SECTION B: (40MARKS)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided.
6. The table below shows how the width of the stomata and the wind speed can affect the rate of
transpiration from a leaf of a plant. The width are measured in micrometers (nm)
Width of stomata in (nm) Rate of transpiration in gm/M2/ hour
In still air In wind
0 0.0 0.0
5 0.9 4.0
10 16.0 7.0
15 2.0 8.4
20 2.2 9.0

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(a) On the same axes plot a graph of rate of transpiration against width of the stomata (8mks)

(b) Use your graph to predict the rate of transpiration when the stomata have a width of 8nm

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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(c) Describe the relationship between the width of stomata and the rate of transpiration in still air
(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(d) Explain why the rate of transpiration in wind differs from rate in still air (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(e) Explain why transpiration is important in plants (4mks)
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7. Describe the various ways in which seeds and fruits are adapted for dispersal (20mks)

8. (a) State the possible application of the following plants hormones in agriculture (8mks)
(i) Auxins
(ii) Gibberellins

(b) Explain how each of the following serves as evidence of organic evolution
(i) Fossil records (3mks)
(ii) Comparative antinomy (6mks)
(iii) Geographical distribution (3mks)

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..……

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231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 4

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6
(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all
the papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. The flow diagram below represents passage of a meal through the human digestive

system. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Ugali and Meat stew Mouth cavity Digestive juice A

Stomach Digestive juice B

Ileum Digestive juice C

(a) Name the physical process that will occur in mouth cavity (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name the digestive juices B and C (2mks)

B…………………………………………………….

C…………………………………………………….

of digestive juices. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Name the hormone that stimulate secretion of juice B. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Identify two contents of digestive juice A (2mks)

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2 Examine the diagram below and answer the questions that follows

Name the parts labeled A-D (4mks)

A………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B…………………………………………………………………………………………………

C………………………………………………………………………………………………….

D…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) State the type of germination exhibited by the seedling above (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) State and explain three environmental conditions necessary for germination. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. A cross between a red flowered plants and white flowered plants produced plants with pink

flowers. Using letter R to represent the gene for red color and W for white.

a) What were the parental genotypes? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………................

b) Work out the cross between f1 generations (4mks)

c) State the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the f2 generations (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. (a) What is meant by:

i) Autecology (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Synecology (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

(b) Using the table below, answer the questions that follow

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Number of stomata

Leaf Upper epidermis Lower epidermis

A 300 0

B 150 200

C 02 13

c) Suggest the possible habitat of the plants from the leaves were obtained (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) State the modifications in the stomata of leaf C (3mks)

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

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5. The diagram below shows a section through the mammalian skin

a. Name the parts labeled Y and X (2mks)

…X……………………………………………………………………………………………

…Y……………………………………………………………………………………………

b. State the function of the parts labeled W and Z (2mks)

………W……………………………………………………………………………………………

............................................................................................................................................................

………Z…………………………………………………………………………………………….

............................................................................................................................................................

c. Explain the changes that occur on the skin when it is cold (4mks)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B: (40MKS)

QUESTION 6 is COMPULSARY: Answer either question 7 or 8.

6. In an experiment, three healthy rabbits were fed with equal amounts of carbohydrates. After

1 hour their blood sugar glucose concentration was measured at 30 minutes intervals for 3

hour. The results are as shown in the table below.

Glucos Initial 30 60Minute 90 120 150 180

e conce time(minutes Minute s Minute Minute Minute Minute

Mg/ml ) s s s s s

Rabbit

P 1.6 1.55 1.43 1.36 1.3 1.19 1.11

Q 1.49 1.39 1.34 1.32 1.27 1.2 1.09

R 1.59 1.39 1.33 1.27 1.18 1.1 0.99

Mean 1.56 1.44 1.32 1.25 1.16 -

a.(i) Calculate the mean glucose concentration 1mg/ml of blood at 60 and 180 minutes.

(2mks)

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(ii) On the grid provided plot a graph of mean glucose concentration against time. (6mk)

(iii) What was the mean concentration in the blood after 75minutes? (1mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv)Why was it necessary to use 3 rabbits in the experiment? (1mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(v) Account for differences in mean glucose concentration between initial time and 180

minutes. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(b) Name three products of digestion other than glucose (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What is the fate of excess glucose in:

(i) Plants? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Animals ? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

7.Describe how the male reproductive system is adapted to its functions.(20mks)

8(a) How are structures of the human eye adapted to their functions (14 marks)

(b) State three defects of the eye and how each can be corrected ( 6 marks)

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE………………….

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………..

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 5

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6
(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all
the papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score

A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
1. The diagram below shows some components of a light microscope.

a), Name the parts labeled 1mks

K–
M–
b), State the functions of 2mks
P–
Q–
c) A student was viewing a prepared slide of a plant cell under high power microscope.
The features of the cell were blurred. Which one of the labeled parts of the microscope
would the student use to obtain;-
(ai), A sharper outline of the features 1mk

ii), Give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope 1mk

d), A student was preparing a section of a plant cell to be viewed on a light microscope.
Give a reason for each of the following steps.
i), Cutting a very thin section 1mk

ii), staining the section 1mk

iii), Putting the section in water. 1mk

2. Haemophilia is a sex linked disorder due to a recessive gene. A carrier woman married a
normal man. Let H represent gene for normal condition and h to represent gene for
haemophilic condition.
a), State the genotypes of
i), Man 1mk

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ii), woman 1mk

bi), Using a punnet square, show the genotypes of the children resulting from this
marriage 3mks

ii), State the probability of getting a carrier daughter. 1mk

c), Give an explanation why haemophilia is more common in males than in females. 2mks

3. In an experiment a group of students set up the test tubes as shown below

a), What was the aim experiment? 1mk

b), Why was pyrogallic acid included in the gas jar. A? 1mk

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c), What results would you expect in each of the gas jar A and B at the end of experiment?
2mks

d), State two artificial ways of breaking seed dormancy. 2mks

e), Name two harmones that bring about rapid cell division in plants 2mks

4. a. i), Distinguish between single circulatory system and closed circulatory system. 2mks

ii), Name the blood vessels that transports blood from

a), small intestines to the liver 1mk

b), Lungs to the heart 1mk

bi), Name one defect of circulatory system in humans. 1mk

ii), State three functions of blood other than transport. 3mks

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5. An experiment was set up to demonstrate the necessity of carbon (IV) oxide for
photosynthesis in a certain green plant as shown below. The plant was first kept
darkness for 48 hours before the experiment.

a), Why was the plant kept in darkness for 48 hours before the start of this experiment.
1mk

b), What was the role of sodium hydroxide? 1mk

ci), What happened to the leaf in the flask when it was tested for presence of starch after
the set up was exposed to light for a day?. 1mk

ii), Give reasons for your answer in (c) I above 2mks

d. Suggest a control for this experiment. 1mk

e), Name other two limiting factors in this experiment. 2mks

SECTION B 40MKS

Answer question 6 (Compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided

after question 8.

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6. A certain experiment was performed to demonstrate the effect of sweating on human
body temperature. Boiling tubes A and B were filled each with water their initial
temperatures recorded. This was repeated after every 5 minutes. The surface of tube A
was continuously wiped with a piece of cotton wool which had been soaked in
methylated spirit. The results are as shown below

Time (min) Temperature 0c

in tube
A B
0 80 80
5 54 67
10 40 59
15 29 52
20 21 47
25 18 46

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a), On the same axis, plot graphs of water temperature against time (min) 8mks

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b), Find the rate of cooling in A 1mk

c), Why was test B included in the set up? 1mk

d), Name two ways through which heat is lost in tube B. 2mks

e), State the expected results if tube A was insulated. 1mks

f), Name the structures in the following organisms that would insulate heat loss.

i), Birds 1mk

ii) Mammals 1mk

g), Name any two receptor cells on the skin of man. 2mks

h), Describe the response of hair on the skin during cold weather. 3mks

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7. a) Describe gaseous exchange in alveolus. 8mks

b) Describe the process of exhalation in mammals. 8mks

c) Discuss the characteristics of gaseous exchange sites in an animal. 4mks

8. Discuss the nitrogen cycle. 20mks

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…………

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………………...

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………………...

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 6

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)

BIOLOGY
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either
question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the papers are
printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score

A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
SECTION A

1. An investigation was carried out to study the effects of the concentration of sucrose solutions on pieces of
tulip stem 44mm in length. The pieces were placed in different concentrations of sucrose solutions and
measured after two hours of immersion. The results are shown in the table below.

Sucrose 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

concentration
(moles per litre)
Length after 2 50 48 46 44 42 42 42
hours (mm)

a. Explain the effect of the 0.2 moles per litre sucrose solution on the length of the pieces of the tulip
stem.
(3mks).

b. Use information from the table to predict the concentration of a sucrose solution isotonic to the
cells in the tulip stem. (1mk).

c. (i) Give the term which would be used to describe the cells in the tulip stem after immersion in a
solution with a sucrose concentration of 0.7 moles per litre. (1mk)

ii. Draw the appearance of a cell from the tulip stem after immersion in a solution with a sucrose
concentration of 0.7 moles per litre. (2mks).

d. State one role of the process being investigated in plants. (1mk)

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2. Below is a diagram of a sperm cell.

(a) Identify parts labeled X and Y. (2 marks)

X
Y

(b) Explain how parts W and Z adapt the cell to its function. (4 marks)

(d) State the function of part X. (1 mark)

3. Polydactyl is a genetic disorder in which people inherit an extra digit. Polydactyl is caused by a dominant
allele (B). The table below describes the different genotypes for polydactyl.

a) Complete the table below by giving the correct genotype, alleles of each genotype and the expected
number of fingers per hand. (4mks)
Genotype Alleles Expected number of digits per hand.
Homozygous dominant Six

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bb
Heterozygous. Bb

b) The table below shows results of marriages between various parents. Complete the table by writing
the probability of each marriage producing a child with polydactyl. One has been done for you.
(2mks)
Parental genotypes. Probability of child with polydactyl
Bb X BB
Bb X bb 0.5
Bb X Bb

c) State the two types of variation (2mks)

3. Cuban pond weed (Elodea cubiensis) is a common water plant that produces tiny air bubbles of oxygen
during photosynthesis. The number of bubbles produced per minute indicates the rate of photosynthesis.
The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis in the pond weed relates to light intensity.

a). write the equation to account for the air bubbles. (1mk)

b). Name the factor that affects photosynthesis at point A. Explain. (2mks)

c). Explain why the rate of photosynthesis does not increase any further at high light intensity.(point B) (2mks)

d). Explain the role of the following in photosynthesis.

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i) Chlorophyll. (1mk)

ii) Water. (1mk)

e). Name one product of the light stage of photosynthesis used in the dark stage of photosynthesis. (1mk)

5. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the part labeled A and B (2marks)

b) State the function of the part labeled C (2marks)

c) How is he part labeled E adapted to its function (2marks)

d) Identify the structure that perform the same function as one illustrated above in (2marks)
i) Amoeba

ii) Fish
SECTION B (40 Marks)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either questions 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after questions 8
6. In an ecological study a certain insect population and that of predators was estimated in a certain grassland
over a period of one year.
Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
No of insects 10 20 16 24 50 85 45 18 12 30 48 70
No of predator 10 12 8 10 16 30 10 4 2 2 5 20

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Rainfall amount(mm) 20 6 55 350 500 250 12 10 25 190 240 30

a) Using the information above plot on the same axis the graph of number of insects and number of
predators against time in months. (7mks)

b) Suggest what happens to the insect’s population during dry month. (2mks)

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c) Explain the relationship between the insect population and that of the predators. (3mks)

d) Suggest what happens to the predator’s population during the dry month. (2mks)

e) Name the trophic level occupied by (3mks)

i) Predator.

ii) Insect.

iii) Grass.

f) Name the method used to estimate population of (3mks)

i). Predator.

ii. Insect.

iii. Grass.

7. State and explain various areas where knowledge about genetics is applied. (20mks)

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8. a) Describe the process of fertilization in flowering plant. (15mks)

b) State the changes that take place in a flower after fertilization. (5mks)
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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..……

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE……………………..

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE………………..

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 7

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)
BIOLOGY
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6
(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to
ensure that all the papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

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at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
1. The diagram below shows a portion of a lower epidermis of a sukuma wiki leaf.

a) Name the parts labeled P and Q. ( 2mks)

P ___________________

Q ____________________

b) Briefly describe the photosynthetic theory of stomata opening. ( 5mks )

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c) State one modification in the stomata of xerophyte plant other than being sunken and hairy.
( 1mk)
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2. The diagram below represents an experimental set-up to investigate an aspect of
photosynthesis.

B A Transparent
polythene bag
Transparent
polythene bag Soda lime

The set up was placed in darkness for 24 hrs and then exposed to light for 5 hrs.
(a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mark)
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(b) Leaves A and B were tested for starch.

(i) What would be the expected results? (2marks)
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(ii) Give reasons for your answer in (b) (i) above. (2marks)
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(c) What was the role of leaf B in the experiment (1mark)

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(d) Why was the set – up placed in darkness for 24 hours? (1mark)
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(e) Name the organelle in a plant where photosynthesis takes place (1mark)
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3. The diagram below illustrates an experiment to demonstrate a certain biological
process.

Delivery tube

Oil

Yeast suspension
in glucose solution lime water

A B

Before adding yeast suspension in tube A, the glucose solution was first boiled and
cooled.

a. What biological process was being demonstrated? (1mark)

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(b) (i) What observation would be made in tube B after 20 minutes of the experiment?
(2marks)
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(ii) Account for the observations made in (b) (i) above (2marks)

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(d) State two industrial applications of the chemical reaction taking place in tube A.
(2marks)
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4. The diagram below represents a flower.

(a) Name the parts labeled X and Y. (2mks)

X ………………………………………………………………………………………
Y ………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Describe the ovary position. (1mk)

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(c) (i) Suggest an agent of pollination of the flower above (1mk)
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer above. (1mk)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) On the diagram above, which part do you expect to find haploid nucleus after
meiosis? (1mk)
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(e) In the flower above its sepals cell was found to have 20 chromosomes. What
would be the number of chromosomes found in the endosperm cell of the flower
embryo sac after fertilization? (1mk)
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(f) State one way in which flowers prevent self – pollination. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. When the offspring of purple and white flowered pea plants were crossed, they

produced purple and white flowered plants in the ratio of 3: 1

Using letter H to represent the gene for purple colour

(a) State the genotype of:

(i) Parents ( 2 mks)

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(ii) F1 Generation ( 1 mk)

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(b) Work out the cross between plants in the F1 generation ( 4 mks)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

( 1 mk)

SECTION B (40 marks)

Answer question 6 (compulsory) in the space provided and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces
provided after question 8.

6. In an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the activity of salivary amylase

enzyme, test tubes containing 5 cm3 of starch solution were placed in water baths maintained at
different temperatures. After 30 minutes, 0.1cm3 amylase solution was added into each of the
tubes.
At one minute intervals, a drop of the mixture in each tube was tested for presence of starch. The
time taken for all the starch to be digested was taken and recorded. The results were as shown in
the table below.

Temperature (0c) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time taken to digest all 80 60 48 26 18 9 3 14 75

starch (mins)

(a) On the grid provided plot a graph of time taken to digest all the starch against
temperature.
(6 marks)

(b) What was the optimum temperature range for this enzyme? (1mark)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) Account for the results obtained at

(i) 50C (2marks)
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(ii) 450C (2marks)

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(d) Apart from temperature name three other factors that would affect the above
reaction.(3marks)
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(e) Name two regions in a human body where digestion of starch occurs. (2marks)
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(f) (i) Give three metallic ions that act as enzyme co- factors in a human body. (2marks)
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(ii) What is the role played by enzyme co- factors in the physiology of human body? (1mark)
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(g) Name the major respiratory substrate in a mammalian body during severe starvation.
(1mark)
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7. How are leaves of mesophytes suited to their function? (20mks)

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8. Describe the adaptations of the mammalian skin to its functions. (20mks)
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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..……

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………….

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE………………..

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 8

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)

BIOLOGY
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6
(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all
the papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score

A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
1. The diagram shown below is a plant cell as seen when observed under an electron microscope at high
power. Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the parts labeled A, C and H. (3 marks)

A………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
C…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
H…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the function of the parts labeled D and G. (2 marks)
D…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
G…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) Give two differences between the structures labeled D and G. (2 marks)
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(d) Based on observable features, suggest the main function the cell shown. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Study the table below and then answer the questions that follow.

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
Name of disease Causative agent Age when vaccine is Method of
administered vaccination
Tuberculosis Bacterium At birth Injection
Poliomyelitis Virus At birth, after 6 weeks, Oral inoculation
after 10 weeks, after 14
weeks
Whooping cough Bacterium 6th and 14th week Injection
measles Virus 9th month Injection

(a)What part of the human body is affected by the virus that causes poliomyelitis? 1mk
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Give a reason why some doses of vaccine are given more than once. 1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Suggest a reason for delay in vaccinating against measles until the 9th month(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.(d) Describe immune response. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) What is a vaccine? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(f) What is the role of vaccination in providing immunity? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(g) What triggers an allergic reaction? (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.(a)State three limitations of using a quadrat to estimate the population of organisms.(3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b)In an attempt to estimate the number of grasshoppers in the field, a student captured 435

marked and released. Three days later, 620 were captured 75 of which were marked.

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
(i) What is the name of the sampling method describe above? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Calculate the approximate population size of the grasshoppers in the field(2 marks).

(iii) What are the disadvantages of this method? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.Study the photograph below and answer the questions that follow

(a) Name the parts labelled A and B and state its functions. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Identify the mode of feeding of the organism. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) (i) Name the tooth labelled S. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State how the tooth named in (c) (i) above is adapted to its function.(2 marks)

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)Distinguish between competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibitors.(2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.A student set up an experiment to investigate some aspect of gaseous exchange using the
apparatus represented below.
M

P N

B
A

Calcium Calcium
hydroxide hydroxide
e e
The student placed the mouth at the M and breathed in out several times through the
tube.
(a) Using arrows show the direction of air movement along tube P and N on the
diagram during the experiment. (1 mark)
(b) Suggest a possible aim of this experiment. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)What results were expected after breathing in and out through tube M several times?3mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(d) What characteristics do mammalian lungs and the gills of bony fish have in common

that enables them to exchange gases efficiently? (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer questions 6 (compulsory) in the spaces provided and either question 7

or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.
6.The table below shows the concentration of lactic acid in mg/100cm3 in the human blood
during and after exercise
Time (seconds) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Lactic acid concentration 22 25 45 90 86 85 84 60 44 25 22 22
3
(mg/100cm )
(a)Using the readings in the table ,plot a graph of lactic acid concentration against time [6marks]

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b)From the graph determine the duration of vigorous exercise [1mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………..
c)Write an equation leading to the production of lactic acid in humans [1mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………….

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
d)i) Suggest the normal concentration of lactic acid in the blood when the person was resting
[1mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) What is the effect of lactic acid on the body tissues when its concentration rises above
90mg/100cm3 [1mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
iii) Give three ways in which the body adjusts to the high concentration of lactic acid [3marks]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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e)From the graph determine the time when oxygen debt

i) Occurred [1mark]
…………………………………………………………………
ii) Began to be paid in the person’s body [1mark]

……………………………………………………………………..
f)List three differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in animals [3marks]
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g)Name the product of anaerobic respiration that is essential in: [2marks]

I ) The brewing industry ……………………………….
II) The bread making industry …………………………

7(a)Describe the process of fertilisation in Angiosperms. (15 mks)

(b) State the changes that take place in a flower after fertilization.
8.Describe how the mammalian skin is adapted to its functions. (20 mks)

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
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at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
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....................................................................................................................................

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…………

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………………...

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………………...

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 9

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)

BIOLOGY
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections. Section A and section B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided. In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either
question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
• This paper consists of 10 Printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the papers are
printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
For Examiners use only.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score

A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
Total score 80

www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
1. Study the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow

(a) (i) Label parts labelled (2mks)

K–

L-

M-
(ii) Through which process is structure labeled K in (a) (i) above produced? (1mk)

(b)How is the cell labeled N adapted to perform its functions. (3mks)

c) Name the hormone that stimulates the production of cell labeled K.at puberty. (1mk)

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2. Bile and pancreatic juice are important secretions in animal nutrition.
(a) In which part of the digestive system do they exert their influence? (1mk)

(b)(i) For efficient digestion, which of the two secretions should be mixed with the chyme first?
(1mk

(ii) Explain your answer (4mks)

,
3. The table below shows the approximate distribution of blood groups in a sample of 100 people in a population.

Blood group Frequency Rhesus +ve Rhesus -ve

A 26 22 4

B 20 18 2

AB 4 3 1

O 50 42 8

(a) Calculate the percentage of Rhesus negative (Rh-ve) individuals in the population? (1mk)

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(b) Account for
(i) The large number of blood group O individuals in a population. (2mks)

(ii) The small number of individuals with blood group AB. (2mks)

(c) The diagram below represents a blood smear on a glass slide.

(i) State the importance of structure C being large numbers in the blood smear. (1mk)

(ii) Give a reason why structure C would be found in large numbers in high altitude than in low altitude.
(1mk)

(iii) Name the process by which structure A would engulf structure B. (1mk)

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4(a). Identify organs B and D in photograph T2 and state the class of organism from which they were obtained.
(4mks)

ORGAN IDENTITY CLASS

(b) State the common function of the organs identified in (a) above. (1mk)

(d) List the adaptations of D to its functions. (3mks)

(e) Using observable features only, state how B is adapted to its function (2mks)

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4. The set apparatus was assembled by a group of students to investigate some physiological process. Glucose
solution was boiled and oil added on top of it. The glucose solution was then allowed to cool before yeast was
added.

a) i) Give ONE aim of the experiment. (1mk)

ii) Explain observations expected after 24hrs. (2mks)

b) i) Why was the glucose solution boiled before adding the yeast suspension? (1mk)

ii) What was the importance of cooling the glucose solution before adding the yeast? ( 1mk)

(c) In another investigation, a bird was found to use 10 litres of oxygen to give a respiratory
quotient of 0.7 during period of flight.
i) Name the type of food that was being respired by the bird ( 1mk)

ii) Determine the amount of carbon (IV) oxide produced during the same flight. (2mk)

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5. Mr. Juma has sued Serenity Hospital on grounds that their child was wrongly identified such that they got the
wrong one. The child is blood group O. Mr. Juma is blood group AB while Mrs. Juma is heterozygous blood
group A.
(a) Work out the possible blood group of their offsprings. (4 marks)

(b) Is Mr. Juma justified in his claims? Explain. (2 mark)

c) State two blood disorders in humans that result from mutation. (2 marks)

6. SECTION B:
Answer question 6 (Compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.
A Farmer wished to plant certain species of Erythrina trees on his farm. However, their seeds normally take
time to germinate after sowing. To overcome this problem, he put the seeds in hot water maintained at 50oC.
Batches of 20 seeds were removed at one minute intervals and then planted in trays containing moist soil. After
15 days, the number of seeds that germinated in each tray was counted.
The results obtained were as shown in the table below.

Batch order Time Germinated seeds Percentage of seeds

intervals(minutes) that Germinated.

1st 0 3

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2nd 1 3

3rd 2 8

4th 3 15

5th 4 18

6th 5 13

7th 6 10

8th 7 6

9th 8 2

10th 9 0

11th 10 0

a) Calculate the percentage germination rate for each batch and fill in the table. (5mks)

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b) Use your results to plot a graph showing percentage germination against the duration in which the seeds
were soaked in hot water. (6mks)

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c) From the graph derive the expected number of seeds that would germinate if soaked for 4.5 minutes.
(1mk)

d) Using the graph briefly explain the effect of hot water treatment on seed germination of Erythrina.
(5mks)

e) Explain why there was no germination of seeds soaked in hot water for nine to ten minutes.
(1mks)

f) Besides hot water treatment, suggest two other methods that can be used to speed up germination in
Erythrina. (2mks)

7. Explain the adaptations of parts of the ear in the outer and middle ear. (20 mks)
8. Describe how the kidney Nephron functions. (20 mks)

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NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………..

231/2
BIOLOGY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 10

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
Section A: 40MKS: Answer all the questions
1. A cross between red flowered plant and white flowered plant produced plants with pink
flowers. Using letter R to represent the gene for red color and W to represent white color;
a. Work out a cross between F1 plants (4mks)

b. Give the;
i. Phenotypic ratio of F2 plants (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii. Genotypic ratio of F2 plants (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. Name a characteristic in humans which is controlled by multiple alleles. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d. Which is the biological term used to refer to the condition exhibited by F1 plants.
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. The photograph below shows red blood cells that have been put in different solutions.
Examine them and answer the questions that follow.

a) i)Identify the type of solution in which F was placed. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
ii) State the process which the red blood cells underwent in illustration G. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) Account for the appearance the red blood cells underwent in illustration E. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Explain what would happen if plant cells are placed in the solution in which the cells
in G were immersed. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….

3. The diagram below shows blood circulation in a mammalian tissue.

a. Name the parts labelled P and Q. (2mks)

P
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
Q……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Name the substances that are:
i. Required for respiration that move out of capillaries. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Removed from tissue cells as a result of respiration. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. Explain how substances move from the blood capillaries into the tissue cells. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

d. Name one blood component that is not found in the part labeled P. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. a. The diagram below represents a member of kingdom Animalia.

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
i. Name the phylum to which the organism belong. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………
ii. Using observable features in the diagram, give three reasons for the answer in 4a
(i) above. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………

b. To estimate the population size of crabs in a certain lagoon, traps were laid at random.
400 crabs were caught, marked and released back into the lagoon on the first day. Four
days later, traps were laid again at random. Out of the 374 crabs caught the second time,
80 were found to have been marked.
i. Calculate the population size of the crabs in the lagoon. (3mks)
iii. What is the name given to this method of estimating the population size? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. An experiment was set up as show below.

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
(a) A student blew air in and out through point X. Using arrows indicate how air gets in and
out of the set up. (2mks)

(b) [i] In which of the tube would lime water form white precipitate first. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii] Give a reason. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)What is the effect of lactic acid in the thigh muscle of an athlete after a short fast race?
(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Identify the type of muscle in human being where the formation and effect of lactic acid is
not felt. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) What is the biological significance of boiling milk. [1mk]
………………………………………………………………………………………

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
SECTION B: 40 Mks: Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8.

6. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of

reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. The results are shown in the table below.

Temperature 0c Rate of reaction in mg of

product per unit time
5 0.2
10 0.5
15 0.8
20 1.1
25 1.5
30 2.1
35 3.0
40 3.7
45 3.4
50 2.8
55 2.1
60 1.1

(a) On the grid provided draw a graph of rate of reaction against temperature. ( 6marks)

(b) When was the rate of reaction 2.6 mg of product per unit time? ( 2 mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Account for the shape of the graph between

(i) 50 C and 400 C ( 2 mks)

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) 450 C and 600C ( 3 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Other than temperature name two ways in which the rate of reaction between 50C and 400C

could be increased. (2 mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) (i) Name one digestive enzymes in the human body which works best in acidic condition

( 1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) How is the acidic condition for the enzyme named in (e) (i) above attained? ( 2 mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) The acidic conditions in (e) (ii) above is later neutralized

(i) Where does the neutralization take place? ( 1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name the substance responsible for neutralization (1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Describe:
a. How the structure of mammalian heart is adapted to its function. (15mks)

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
b. The process of blood clotting. (5mks)

8. a) After a meal of carbohydrate, the glucose level in the blood rose to 150mg/ cm3 .
Explain the role of the liver in bringing the sugar level down back to normal. (8mks)

b) Explain six importance of plants excretory products. (12mks)

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]

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