Thermodynamics

1. If an ideal gas is compressed isothermally then

a) No work is done against gas b) Heat is released by the gas
c) The internal energy of gas will increase d) Pressure does not change
2. In an adiabatic process, the state of a gas is changed from 𝑝! , 𝑉! , 𝑇! to 𝑝" , 𝑉" , 𝑇" . Which of the following
relation is correct?
# # # #
a) 𝑇! 𝑉!#$! = 𝑇" 𝑉"#$! b) 𝑝! 𝑉!#$! = 𝑝" 𝑉"#$! c) 𝑇! 𝑝! = 𝑇" 𝑉" d) 𝑇! 𝑉! = 𝑇" 𝑉"
3. During an adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas, the change in internal energy was found −50𝐽. The
work done during the process is
a) Zero b) 100𝐽 c) −50𝐽 d) 50𝐽
4. 100 g of water is heated from30℃ to 50℃.Ignoring the slight expansion of the water, the change in its
internal energy is
(Specific heat of water is 4184 J/kg/K)
a) 8.4 kJ b) 84 kJ c) 2.1 kJ d) 4.2 kJ
5. 𝑝 − 𝑉 plots for two gases during adiabatic processes are shown in figure. Plots 1 and 2 should correspond
respectively to

a) He and O" b) O" and He c) He and Ar d) O" and N"

6. When heat is given to a gas in an isothermal change, the result will be
a) External work done b) Rise in temperature
c) Increase in internal energy d) External work done and also rise in temp.
7. Pressure-temperature relationship for an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic change is (𝛾 = 𝐶% /𝐶& )
a) 𝑃𝑇 # = constant b) 𝑃𝑇 $!'# = constant c) 𝑃#$! 𝑇 # = constant d) 𝑃!$# 𝑇 # = constant
8. Figure shows a thermodynamical process on one moles a gas. How does the work done in the process
change with time?

a) Decrease continuously b) Increases continuously

c) Remains constant d) First increase and then decreases
9. Work done in the given cyclic process is
p

2p
1

p
1
V
V1 3 V1

a) 𝑝! 𝑉! b) 3𝑝! 𝑉! c) 2𝑝! 𝑉! d) zero

10. A gas expands adiabatically at constant pressure, such that its temperature 𝑇 ∝ !
. The value of 𝐶% /𝐶& of
√).
the gas is
a) 1.30 b) 1.50 c) 1.67 d) 2.00
11. For an ideal gas, in an isothermal process
a) Heat content remains constant b) Heat content and temperature remain constant
c) Temperature remains constant d) None of the above
12. The phenomenon of sound propagation in air is
a) Isothermal process b) Isobaric process c) Adiabatic process d) None of these
13. The pressure inside a tyre is 4 atm at 27℃. If the tyre burts suddenly, new temperature will be (γ = 7/5)
a) 300 (4)+/" b) 300(4)"/+ c) 300 (2)+/" d) 300 (4)$"/+
14. First law of thermodynamics is given by
a) 𝑑𝑄 = 𝑑𝑈 + 𝑃𝑑𝑉 b) 𝑑𝑄 = 𝑑𝑈 × 𝑃𝑑𝑉 c) 𝑑𝑄 = (𝑑𝑈 + 𝑑𝑉)𝑃 d) 𝑑𝑄 = 𝑃𝑑𝑈 + 𝑑𝑉
15. Volume versus temperature graph of two moles of helium gas is as shown in figure. The ratio of heat
absorbed and the work done by the gas in process 1-2 is
V

a) 3 5 5 7
b) c) d)
2 3 2
16. In a cyclic process, work done by the system is
a) Zero b) Equal to heat given to the system
c) More than the heat given to system d) Independent of heat given to the system
17. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II as shown in figure. If ∆𝑈! and ∆𝑈" are the changes in
internal energies in the processes I and II respectively, then
 Relation between ∆𝑈! and ∆𝑈" cannot be
a) ∆𝑈! = ∆𝑈" b)
determined
c) ∆𝑈" > ∆𝑈! d) ∆𝑈" < ∆𝑈!
18. A refrigerator works between temperature of melting ice and room temperature (17℃). The amount of
energy in kWh that must be supplied to freeze 1 kg of water at 0℃ is
a) 1.4 b) 1.8 c) 0.058 d) 2.5
19. A cyclic process 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐴 is shown in the 𝑉-𝑇 diagram. Process on the 𝑃-𝑉 diagram is
V

C B

A T
a) P
b) P
c) P
d) P
C
B A
A B

A
B A C C B
C
V V V V
20. During an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
a) Its internal energy decreases
b) Its internal energy does not change
c) The work done by the gas is equal to the quantity of heat absorbed by it
d) Both (b) and (c) are correct
21. A system is given 300 calories of heat and it does 600 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 of work. How much does the internal energy
of the system change in this process (𝐽 = 4.18𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑎𝑙)
a) 654 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 b) 156.5 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 c) −300 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 d) −528.2 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒

22. A graph of pressure versus volume for an ideal gas for different processes is as shown. In the graph curve
OC represents

a) Isochoric process b) Isothermal process c) Isobaric process d) Adiabatic process

23. The temperature of the system decreases in the process of
a) Free expansion b) Adiabatic expansion
c) Isothermal expansion d) Isothermal compression
24. In the indicator diagram, net amount of work done will be
 a) Positive b) Zero c) Infinity d) Negative
25. The adiabatic Bulk modulus of a perfect gas at pressure is given by
a) 𝑃 b) 2𝑃 c) 𝑃/2 d) 𝛾𝑃
26. The p-V diagram of 2 g of helium gas for a certain process 𝐴 → 𝐵 is shown in the figure. What is the heat
given to the gas during the process 𝐴 → 𝐵?
p

2p B
0

p0 A

V0 2V 0 V

a) 4𝑝- 𝑉- b) 6𝑝- 𝑉- c) 4.5𝑝- 𝑉- d) 2𝑝- 𝑉-

27. When a small amount of heat ∆𝑄 is added to an enclosed gas, then increase in internal energy and external
work done are related as
a) 𝑚𝐶& ∆𝑇 = 𝑄 + 𝑝∆𝑉 b) ∆𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶& ∆𝑇 + 𝑝∆𝑉 c) 𝑚𝐶& = ∆𝑄 + 𝑝∆𝑉 d) ∆𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶% ∆𝑇 + 𝑝∆𝑉
28. In figure two indicator diagrams are shown. If the amounts of work done in the two cases are 𝑊! and 𝑊"
respectively, then

a) 𝑊! = 𝑊" b) 𝑊! > 𝑊" c) 𝑊! < 𝑊" d) Cannot say

29. In adiabatic expansion
a) ∆𝑈 = 0 b) ∆𝑈 = negative c) ∆𝑈 = positive d) ∆𝑊 = zero

30. In the indicator diagram 𝑇. , 𝑇/ , 𝑇0 , 𝑇1 represent temperature of gas at 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 respectively. Which of the
following is correct relation?

a) 𝑇. = 𝑇/ = 𝑇0 = 𝑇1 b) 𝑇. ≠ 𝑇/ ≠ 𝑇0 ≠ 𝑇1
c) 𝑇. = 𝑇/ and 𝑇0 = 𝑇1 d) None of these
31. An ideal gas is allowed to expand freely against a vacuum in a rigid insulated container. The gas undergoes
a) An increase in its internal energy b) A decrease in its internal energy
c) Neither an increase nor a decrease in its d) A decrease in temperature
temperature or internal energy
32. What is the nature of change in internal energy in the following three thermodynamical processes shown
in figure?
 a) ∆𝑈 is positive in all the three cases
b) ∆𝑈 is negative in all the three cases
c) ∆𝑈 is positive for (i), negative for (ii), zero for (iii)
d) ∆𝑈 = 0, in all the cases
33. A cyclic process for 1 mole of an ideal gas is shown in figure in the 𝑉-𝑇, diagram. The work done in 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶
and 𝐶𝐴 respectively
V
C
V2

V1 A
B

O T
T1 T2
𝑉! 𝑉!
a) 0, 𝑅𝑇" ln ƒ „ , 𝑅(𝑇! − 𝑇" ) b) 𝑅(𝑇! − 𝑇" ), 0, 𝑅𝑇! ln
𝑉" 𝑉"
𝑉" 𝑉"
c) 0, 𝑅𝑇" ln ƒ „ , 𝑅(𝑇! − 𝑇" ) d) 0, 𝑅𝑇" ln ƒ „ , 𝑅(𝑇" − 𝑇! )
𝑉! 𝑉!
34. A gas is suddenly compressed to ¼ th of its original volume at normal temperature. The increase in its
temperature is (𝛾 = 1.5)
a) 273 K b) 573 K c) 373 K d) 473 K
35. In a reversible isochoric change
a) ∆𝑊 = 0 b) ∆𝑄 = 0 c) ∆𝑇 = 0 d) ∆𝑈 = 0
36. Initial pressure and volume of a gas are 𝑃 and 𝑉 respectively. First it is expanded isothermally to volume
4𝑉 and then compressed adiabatically to volume 𝑉. The final pressure of gas will be (given 𝛾 = 3/2)
a) 1𝑃 b) 2𝑃 c) 4𝑃 d) 8𝑃
 : HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :
1 (b) 𝑝𝑉 " = constant …(i)
In isothermal process, heat is released by the gas
to maintain the constant temperature Gas equation is ,
2 (a) pV=RT
For adiabatic process
)*
" ⇒ 𝑝= …(ii)
𝑃! 𝑉! = 𝑝# 𝑉# ,

𝑅𝑇! " 𝑅𝑇# " From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we obtain
𝑉 = 𝑉
𝑉! ! 𝑉# # 𝑅𝑇
m n 𝑉 " = constant
"$! "$! 𝑉
𝑇! 𝑉! = 𝑇# 𝑉#
3 (d) ⇒ 𝑇𝑉 "$! = constant …(iii)
For adiabatic forces ∆𝑊 = −∆𝑈 [∵ ∆𝑄 = 0]
!
⇒ ∆𝑊 = −(−50) = +50𝐽 But 𝑇∝ (given)
√,
4 (a)
As work done=0 as 𝑇𝑉 !/# = constant …(iv)

∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 Thus, using Eqs. (iii) and (iv) togther, we get

= 100 × 10$% × 4184 × (50 − 30) 1

γ−1=
2
=84 kJ
3
5 (b) or γ= = 1.5
2
As is clear from figure,
Slope of curve 2 > Slope of curve 1 𝐶/
⇒ = 1.5
(γ𝑝)# = (γ𝑝)! 𝐶0
γ# > γ! 11 (c)
As γ&' > 𝛾O# In isothermal process temperature remains
∴ adiabatic curve 2 corresponds to helium and constant
adiabatic curve 1 corresponds to oxygen 12 (b)
6 (a) Velocity of sound in air increases (𝑣1 ) with
In isothermal change, temperature remains increase in temperature[𝑣1 = 𝑣2 + 0.61𝑡]but is
constant, independent of pressure variation.
Hence ∆𝑈 = 0 13 (d)
Also from ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊 ⇒ ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑊 In adiabatic operation (𝑒g, bursing of tyre)
7 (d) 𝑝#
(!$") "
𝑇#= 𝑝!
(!$") "
𝑇!
)* (
𝑃𝑉 ( = constant ⇒ 𝑃 b + c = constant 𝑝! (!$")/"
𝑇# = 𝑇! m n
8 (b) 𝑝#
!"#/%
As work done in process = area under the curve, 4 5 #/% 6
which increases continuously = 300 m n = 300(4)$#/7
1
9 (c) 14 (a)
For cyclic process p-V curve is closed curve and ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊 and ∆𝑊 = 𝑃∆𝑉
area enclosed by closed path represent the work 15 (b)
done. 𝑉. 𝑇. graph is a straight line passing through
10 (b) origin.
For adiabatic expansion, we have the formula Hence, 𝑉 ∝ 𝑇 or 𝑃 = constant
∴ ∆𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶+ ∆𝑇 and ∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶, ∆𝑇
 Also ∆𝑊 = ∆𝑄 − ∆𝑈 = 𝜇(𝐶+ − 𝐶, )∆𝑇 22 (d)
∆𝑄 𝑛𝐶+ ∆𝑇 𝐶+ 1
∴ = = =
∆𝑊 𝑛(𝐶+ − 𝐶, )∆𝑇 𝐶+ − 𝐶, 1 − 8&
8'
8& % ∆; ! 9
8'
= 9 for helium gas. Hence ∆< = !$%/9 = #
16 (b)
For cyclic forces Δ𝑈 = 0, So, Δ𝑄 = Δ𝑊
17 (a)
The change in internal energy does not depend (i)Curve OA represents isobaric process (since
upon path followed by the process. It only pressure is constant). Since, the slope of adiabatic
depends on initial and final states. process is more steeper than isothermal process.

Hence, ∆𝑈! = ∆𝑈# (ii)Curve OB represents isothermal process.

18 (c)
𝑇# = 0℃ = 273 K, 𝑇! = 17℃ = 17 + 273 = 290 K (iii)Curve OC represents adiabatic process.
𝑄# 𝑇#
COP = = (iv)Curve OD represents isochoric process.
𝑊 𝑇! − 𝑇#
80 × 1000 × 4.2 273 273 (since volume is constant).
= =
𝑊 290 − 273 17 23 (b)
80 × 1000 × 4.2 × 17
𝑊= J In adiabatic expansion of a gas system, gas
273
expands, so temperature of the system decreases.
33.6 × 17 × 10=
𝑊= kWh = 0.058 kWh 24 (a)
273 × 3.6 × 109
19 (c) Figure shows that loop 1 is anticlockwise,
From the given 𝑉𝑇 diagram therefore 𝑊! is negative, loop 2 is clockwise,
In process 𝐴𝐵, 𝑉 ∝ 𝑇 ⇒ Pressure is constant (As therefore 𝑊# is positive.
quantity of the gas remains same) Also, loop 2 is bigger
In process 𝐵𝐶, 𝑉 = Constant and in process 𝐶𝐴, ∴ 𝑊# > 𝑊!
𝑇 = constant Hence, 𝑊 = −𝑊! + 𝑊# →positive
∴ These processes are correctly represented on 25 (d)
𝑃𝑉 diagram by graph (c) Adiabatic Bulk modulus 𝐸> = 𝛾𝑃
20 (d) 26 (b)
In an ideal gas, the internal energy depends only Change in internal energy from A to B is
upon the temperature of the gas. When an ideal
𝑓 𝑓
gas undergoes an isothermal change, there is no ∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝑅∆𝑇 = (𝑝? 𝑉? − 𝑝@ 𝑉@ )
2 2
change in its internal energy (∆𝑈 = 0)
3 9
From first law of thermodynamics = (2𝑝2 × 2𝑉2 − 𝑝2 × 𝑉2 ) = 𝑝2 𝑉2
2 2
∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊 Work done in process A to B is equal to the area
covered by the graph with volume axis, ie,
For isothermal change ∆𝑈 = 0
1 3
∴ 𝑄=𝑊 𝑊A→C = (𝑝2 + 2𝑝2 ) × (2𝑉2 − 𝑉2 ) = 𝑝2 𝑉2
2 2
Hence, in an isothermal process in an ideal gas the Hence, ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊
heat absorbed by the gas is entirely used in the
work done by the gas. 9 3
= 𝑝2 𝑉2 + 𝑝2 𝑉2 = 6𝑝2 𝑉2
21 (a) 2 2
𝐽∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊, ∆𝑈 = 𝐽∆𝑄 − ∆𝑊 27 (b)
∆𝑈 = 4.18 × 300 − 600 = 654 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊 = 𝑚𝐶0 (∆𝑇) + 𝑝(∆𝑉)
28 (b)
As work done = area under the 𝑝 − 𝑉 diagram
 ∴ 𝑊! > 𝑊# ∴ 𝑊8A = 𝑃∆𝑉 = 𝑅∆𝑇 = 𝑅(𝑇! − 𝑇# )
29 (b) [Negative sign is taken because of compression]
In case of adiabatic expansion ∆𝑊 = positive and 34 (a)
∆𝑄 = 0 For adiabatic process
From FLOT ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊 ⇒ ∆𝑈 =
−∆𝑊, 𝑖. 𝑒. , ∆𝑈 will be negative 𝑇𝑉 "$! = constant
30 (c) "$! "$!
∴ 𝑇! 𝑉! = 𝑇# 𝑉#
𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are isothermal curves therefore 𝑇D =
𝑇E and 𝑇F = 𝑇G but all the four temperatures are 𝑇! 𝑉# "$!
not equal ⇒ = m n
𝑇# 𝑉!
31 (c)
For vacuum, pressure p=0 ,
Given , 𝑉! = 𝑉, 𝑉# = = , γ = 1.5

Hence, work done = 𝑝∆𝑉 = 0

𝑇! 𝑉/4 !.9$! 1 2.9 1
∴ =m n =m n =−
According to first law of thermodynamics 𝑇# 𝑉 4 2

𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑝∆𝑉 ⇒ 𝑇# = 2𝑇!

∴ 𝑄 = ∆𝑈 The change in temperature is given by

Hence the gas undergoes neither an increase nor a 𝑇# − 𝑇! = 2𝑇! − 𝑇! ⇒ 𝑇! = 273 K

decrease in its temperature or internal energy. 35 (a)
32 (d) ∆𝑉 = 0 ⇒ 𝑃∆𝑉 = 0 ⇒ ∆𝑊 = 0
As indicator diagram if all the three cases are 36 (b)
closed curves, representing cyclic changes, In isothermal process 𝑃! 𝑉! = 𝑃# 𝑉#
therefore, 𝑈 = const and ∆𝑈 = 0 in all the cases 𝑃
⇒ 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑃# × 4𝑉 ∴ 𝑃# =
33 (c) 4
Process 𝐴𝐵 is isochoric, ∴ 𝑊AC = 𝑃 ∆𝑉 = 0 In adiabatic process
, ( ( 𝑃
Process 𝐵𝐶 is isothermal ∴ 𝑊C8 = 𝑅𝑇# . ln b,( c 𝑃# 𝑉# = 𝑃% 𝑉% ⇒ × (4𝑉)!.9 = 𝑃% 𝑉 !.9 ⇒ 𝑃% = 2𝑃
! 4
Process 𝐶𝐴 is isobaric