SQL Boot Camp

Business Analytics Leadership Council• 08.15.2020

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 A collection of related
What is a Database? information that is stored
together

● Directory

● Course Catalog

● Convenience Store
Inventory List
 Database
A special software/program that helps
Management users create and maintain a database
within an organization
System
● Easy to manage large amounts of information

● Uniform handling of security

● Backups and Versioning

● Uniform import/export from various data

sources

● Interact well w/ 3rd party applications and

APIs
 Relational Databases Non Relational Databases
(RDBMS) (NoSQL)

● Uses a table structure to organize data

● Data organized in various ways (not tabular)
● Each table represents one ‘entity’ in a
database ● Ex. Key Value pairs (Document DB etc.)

● Each table has columns (attributes) and rows ● Graphical Databases

(records) w/ connections between tables
● Widely used in big data networks and social
● A unique key identifies each row media databases

● Most common type of database

Structured Query Language (SQL)
● Standardized Language for interacting with and querying data from a RDBMS

● Used to perform Create, Read, Update, Delete operations, plus other administrative
tasks on data

● SQL code is universal, it can be used across different DBMS without much modification

● Examples of Relational Databases: mySQL* , Oracle, postgreSQL, SQL Server, mariaDB,

etc.
 2
Tables in a Relational Database
P_ID (1) PName Price Category Manufacturer

001 Gizmo 19.99 Gadget GizmoWorks

002 Powergizmo 29.99 Gadget GizmoWorks

1
003 SingleTouch 149.99 Photography Canon

004 MultiTouch 203.99 Household Hitachi

1. Rows: Represent each record in the table (ex. each item)

3
2. Columns: Represent each attribute regarding each record (ex. details about each
item)

3. Primary Key: Unique identifier for each record (ex. Product_ID)

Data Definition Language (DDL) Data Manipulation Language (DML)

● Used to create and modify database structure ● Used to manipulate the data present in the
and its contents database, as well as to load/delete records
within it
● Examples include:
○ CREATE ● Examples include:
○ ALTER ○ INSERT
○ DROP ○ UPDATE
○ RENAME ○ DELETE
○ TRUNCATE ○ SELECT
Data Control Language (DCL) Transaction Control Language (TCL)

● Deals with Permissions, rights and other ● Commands used to manage transactions in
database access controls the database

● Examples include: ● Examples include:

○ GRANT ○ COMMIT
○ REVOKE ○ ROLLBACK
○ SAVEPOINT
Defining Tables
SELECT
FROM
Basic framework for
WHERE
querying data from
GROUP BY RDBMS using SQL
HAVING
ORDER BY
INTWhole Numbers

DECIMAL (M,N) Decimal Numbers

VARCHAR(I) Text String

Common Data Types
BOOLEAN True/False (1/0) used in RDBMS
BLOB Binary Large Object (large Data)

DATE YYYY-MM-DD

TIMESTAMP YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

 CREATE TABLE student(
Student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(40),
Major VARCHAR(40)
);

DESCRIBE student;
ALTER TABLE student ADD gpa DECIMAL;
ALTER TABLE student DROP COLUMN gpa;
DROP TABLE student;

Creating a Table
 INSERT INTO student VALUES(1,’Jack’,’Biology’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES(2,’Kate’,’Sociology’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES(3,’Claire’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES(4,’Jack’,’Biology’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES(5,’Mike’,’Computer Science’);

SELECT * FROM student;

Inserting Data into a Table

 CREATE TABLE student(
Student_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
Name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
Major VARCHAR(40)DEFAULT ‘undecided’
);

Creating a Table with Constraints

Querying Data
Use this time to review the sheet with the
tables and run the table creation script in
mySQL
 Find all employees ordered by salary

Find first 5 employees from the table

Find forenames and surnames of all employees

Find all unique genders

Find all employees who are (1) female and (2) born after 1969 OR make over
$80000

Find all employees born between 1970 and 1975

Find all employees named Jim, Michael, Johnny, or David

Sample Queries on Data

 Find all employees ordered by salary
- Select * from employee order by salary;
Find first 5 employees from the table
- Select * from employee LIMIT 5;
Find forenames and surnames of all employees
- Select first_name as ‘forename’, last_name as ‘surname’ from
employee;
Find all unique genders
- Select distinct sex from employee;
Find all employees who are (1) female and (2) born after 1969 OR make over $80000
- Select * from employee where (birth_day >= ‘1970-01-01’ AND sex =
‘F’) OR salary > 80000;
Find all employees born between 1970 and 1975
- Select * from employee where birth_day BETWEEN ‘1970-01-01’ AND
‘1975-01-01’;
Find all employees named Jim, Michael, Johnny, or David
- Select * from employee where first_name IN
(‘Jim’,’Michael’,’Johnny’,’David’);

Sample Queries on Data

Wildcards

A wildcard character is used to replace a

character(s) in any given string

It is used with the SQL ‘LIKE’ operator

% - Any number of characters

_ - One Character
 Find any client who are an LLC

Find any branch suppliers in the paper business

Find any employee born on the 10th day of the month

Sample Queries using Wildcards

 Find any client who are an LLC
- Select * from client where client_name like ‘%LLC’;
Find any branch suppliers in the paper business
- Select * from branch_supplier where supplier_name like
‘%Label%’;
Find any employee born on the 10th day of the month
- Select * from employee where birth_day like
‘______10%’;

Sample Queries using Wildcards

Joins
Combines the data from 2 or more tables
in a database using a connected attribute

● Primary keys in one table sometimes

secondary keys in others
● 4 types of joins:
○ Outer Join
○ Inner Join
○ Left Join
○ Right Join
 Find each branch and the names of their branch managers
- Select
Employee.emp_id,
Employee.first_name,
Employee.last_name,
branch.branch_name
FROM employee LEFT JOIN branch
ON employee.emp_id = branch.mgr_id;

Sample Queries using Joins

Nested Queries

Queries within queries used to filter data

● Works from the inside query first

● Works within SELECT, FROM, WHERE
 Find the names of all employees who sold at least 50,000 units
- Select
first_name,
last_name
FROM employee WHERE employee.emp_id IN (
Select
emp_id
FROM works_with WHERE total_sales > 50000);

Nested Query

Sample Queries using Joins

Additional Resources
● https://www.w3schools.com/sql/ - SQL Tutorial

● DataCamp SQL courses - Free for MSBA students until December

● CodeCademy SQL courses

Thank You!