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Dart Programming Language

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Suryaprakash Dash
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32 views

Dart Programming Language

Uploaded by

Suryaprakash Dash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dart Programming Language : -

Dart is a programming language developed by Google, designed primarily for


building web, server, and mobile applications. Here’s a brief summary of its key
features and uses:

1. **Syntax**: Dart’s syntax is similar to languages like Java, C#, and JavaScript,
making it relatively easy for developers familiar with these languages to pick up.

2. **Performance**: Dart is compiled to native code for high performance on


mobile and desktop platforms. It also compiles to JavaScript for web applications.

3. **Concurrency**: It includes features like asynchronous programming with


`async` and `await` to handle tasks such as I/O operations efficiently.

4. **Strongly Typed**: Dart is statically typed but also supports type inference,
which means it can deduce types automatically in many cases, combining
flexibility with strong type safety.

5. **Object-Oriented**: It is an object-oriented language with a focus on classes


and objects, and supports features like inheritance, mixins, and interfaces.

6. **Tooling**: Dart comes with a rich set of tools including a package manager
(`pub`), a powerful IDE support (like in IntelliJ IDEA and VS Code), and a robust
standard library.

7. **Flutter Framework**: Dart is best known for being the language behind the
Flutter framework, which is used for building natively compiled applications for
mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase.

In essence, Dart is designed to be a versatile and efficient language that can


handle various types of applications, especially those that benefit from a high
level of performance and cross-platform compatibility.
Things To Know Before Learning Dart Programming Language :

Before diving into Dart programming, it's helpful to understand a few key concepts
and prerequisites to make your learning experience smoother and more
productive:

1. Basic Programming Concepts: Familiarity with fundamental programming


concepts like variables, control structures (if statements, loops), functions, and
data structures (arrays, lists, maps) will be beneficial.

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Dart is an object-oriented language, so


understanding OOP principles such as classes, objects, inheritance, and
encapsulation will be crucial.

3. JavaScript Basics: Since Dart can be compiled to JavaScript, knowing the basics
of JavaScript can help you understand how Dart fits into the broader web
development ecosystem.

4. Understanding of Asynchronous Programming: Dart uses `async` and `await`


for handling asynchronous operations. Basic knowledge of how asynchronous
programming works will be useful, especially if you're coming from languages with
different concurrency models.

5. Familiarity with Development Environments: Knowing how to use IDEs or text


editors, version control systems like Git, and build tools can help streamline your
development workflow. Dart has good support in IDEs like IntelliJ IDEA and Visual
Studio Code.

6. Web and Mobile Development Concepts: If you plan to use Dart with Flutter
for mobile or web development, some basic understanding of web technologies
(HTML, CSS) and mobile development concepts might be helpful.

7. Command Line Basics: Dart has command-line tools for package management
and running code. Knowing how to navigate and execute commands in a terminal
or command prompt will be beneficial.

8. Documentation and Community: Familiarize yourself with Dart’s official


documentation and resources, such as tutorials and community forums. Engaging
with the Dart community can provide support and additional learning resources.

Understanding these areas will set a solid foundation for learning Dart and making
the most of its features in your programming projects.
**Basic Programming Concepts :
Basic programming concepts are fundamental principles that form the foundation
of coding and software development. Here’s a quick overview of key concepts you
should be familiar with:

1. Variables: Containers for storing data values. Each variable has a name and a
type (e.g., integer, string). For example, in Dart:

int age = 25;

String name = 'Alice';

2. Data Types: Different kinds of data that can be stored in variables. Common
types include:

 Integers: Whole numbers (e.g., 42)


 Floats/Doubles: Numbers with decimal points (e.g., 3.14)
 Strings: Sequences of characters (e.g., 'Hello, world!')
 Booleans: True or false values (e.g., true, false)
 Lists/Arrays: Collections of items (e.g., [1, 2, 3])
 Maps/Dictionaries: Key-value pairs (e.g., {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25})

3. Operators: Symbols used to perform operations on variables and values.


Common operators include:

 Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
 Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
 Logical Operators: && (and), || (or), ! (not)

4. Control Structures: Constructs that control the flow of execution in a program.

 Conditionals: if, else if, else to make decisions based on conditions

if (age > 18) {


print('Adult');
} else {
print('Minor');
}

 Loops: To repeat code blocks.


For Loop: Repeats a block of code a specific number of times.

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {


print(i);
}

While Loop: Repeats a block of code while a condition is true.

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
print(i);
i++;
}

5. Functions/Methods: Blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. They


can take input parameters and return results.

int add(int a, int b) {


return a + b;
}

void main() {
print(add(5, 3)); // Outputs: 8
}

6. Scope and Lifetime: Scope refers to where a variable is accessible in your code.
Variables can be:

 Local: Accessible only within the function or block where they are defined.
 Global: Accessible throughout the entire program.

7. Error Handling: Mechanisms to handle errors or exceptions that occur during


execution. In Dart, you can use try, catch, and finally blocks.

try {
int result = 10 ~/ 0; // Integer division by zero
} catch (e) {
print('Error: $e');
} finally {
print('Execution completed');
}
8. Comments: Non-executable text added to code to explain its purpose or logic.
Comments are ignored by the compiler.

o Single-Line Comment: // This is a single-line comment


o Multi-Line Comment: /* This is a multi-line comment */

Meanings-:

Variable : An abstract storage location paired with an associated symbolic name,


which contains some known or unknown quantity of data or object referred to as
a value.

Data Types : An attribute associated with a piece of data that tells a computer
system how to interpret its value.

Operators : A character that represents a specific mathematical or logical action


or process.

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