Directorate: Curriculum FET

SUBJECT and GRADE Mathematics Grade 12

TERM 2 Week 1
TOPIC Trigonometrical Equations – General Solution
AIMS OF LESSONZ Apply the Compound Angles and Double Angle Identities to solve equations.
RESOURCES Paper based resources Digital resources
Go to the Trigonometry topic in your textbook and go https://bit.ly/2UREr8
to the section involving Trigonometry. t
https://www.siyavula.com
(e.g. Mind the Gap: Unit 10.10 Compound and double /u
angle identities Page 215 & Siyavula: Page 154;
Chapter 4.4) https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/80176
https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/80191
INTRODUCTION
Let’s solve an equation from Grade 11: The basic rules to solve equations still
Solve for 𝑥, given sin 𝑥 = 3 cos 𝑥 where 𝒙 ∈ (−𝟑𝟔𝟎°; 𝟑𝟔𝟎°) apply:
Solution: • Isolate the ratio
sin 𝑥 = 3 cos 𝑥 • Use identities to simplify the equation
sin 𝑥 3 cos 𝑥 • Use the CAST rule to find the
= [Divide by cos x to isolate the ratio] reference angle
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
tan 𝑥 = 3 [Tan is positive - CAST rule] • Write down the General Solution
Refence Angle: 𝑥 = 71,57° • Select appropriate values for k to
Quadrant 1: Quadrant 3: determine specific solutions
𝑥 = 71,57° + 𝑘. 180° or 𝑥 = 180° + 71.57° + 𝑘. 180 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
∴ 𝑥 = 251.57° + 𝑘. 180° 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
Note that with the tan equations both these
∴ 𝑥 = 71,57° + 𝑘. 180° equation give the same solutions. So for tan the
general solution is one of them.
Specific Solution: Choose different values for 𝑘 to determine solutions within the interval:
For 𝑘 = −2; −1; 0; 1; 2 Only needed if restrictions are
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛: − 288.43°; −108.43°; 71.47°; 251.57° given!
 Important Information
Double Angles
Compound Angles
cos 2 𝛼 − sin2 𝛼
sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 ;sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 cos 2𝛼 = { 1 − 2 sin2 𝛼
2 cos 2 𝛼 − 1
cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 ; cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
sin 2𝛼 = 2 sin 𝛼. cos 𝛼

CONCEPTS AND SKILLS

Let’s apply our knowledge of double and compound angles to these equations. Can you try these?
Example 1: Determine the general solution for: 1. cos 𝑥 = 2 sin 75° . cos 75°
sin 2𝑥. cos 𝑥 + cos 2𝑥 . sin 𝑥 = cos 60° [Compound rule on LHS] 2. sin 2𝑥 = 1 − cos 2𝑥
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 3. cos 2𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 1
1
sin(2𝑥 + 𝑥) = 2 Solutions:
1. 𝑥 = 60° + 𝑘. 360; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 𝑜𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 30° [𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑 1] 𝑜𝑟 180° − 30 [𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑 2] [CAST rule]
𝑥 = 300° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
Watch out for 2. 𝑥 = 0° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 30° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 150° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑥 = 45° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍;
Special Angles
3𝑥 = 30° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 3𝑥 = 150° + 𝑘. 360° 3. 𝑥 = 0° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎° + 𝒌. 𝟏𝟐𝟎° 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎° + 𝒌. 𝟏𝟐𝟎°; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁 𝑥 = 270° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍;
Example 2: Determine the general solution of 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟎 CAN YOU?
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Determine the general solution of:
2 sin 2𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 = 0 [ Double Angle - expand] 1. cos 2𝑥 + 1 = cos 𝑥
2(2 sin 𝑥 . cos 𝑥) + 3 sin 𝑥 = 0 [Remove brackets] 2. sin 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 = 0
4 sin 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 = 0 [factorise – common factor] 3. cos2 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥
sin 𝑥 (4 cos 𝑥 + 3) = 0 Solutions:
3 1. 𝑥 = 90° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟270° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
sin 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 cos 𝑥 = − 4 [𝐁𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 − 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧]
𝑥 = 60° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 300° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝑅𝑒𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 𝑥 = 0° or 𝑥 = 41.41°
Quad 1: [sin positive] Quad 2: [cos negative]
2. 𝑥 = 0° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 180° + 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝒙 = 𝟎° + 𝒌. 𝟑𝟔𝟎° ; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁 𝑥 = 180° − 41,41° = 138,41°
𝑥 = 60° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 300° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖, 𝟒𝟏° + 𝒌. 𝟑𝟔𝟎° ; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁
Quad 2: [sin positive] Quad 3: [cos negative]
3. 𝑥 = 90° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟270° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° + 𝒌. 𝟑𝟔𝟎°; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁 𝑥 = 180° + 41,41° + 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝑥 = 9,46° + 𝑘. 180°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟏, 𝟒𝟏° + 𝒌. 𝟑𝟔𝟎°; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁
 Example 3: Determine the general solution of cos 2𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 0 CAN YOU?
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Determine the general solution of:
cos 2𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 0 [Double Angle- expand]
2
2 cos 𝑥 − 1 + cos 𝑥 = 0 [𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐚𝐥 − 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦] 1. cos 2𝑥 − 7 cos 𝑥 − 3 = 0
2 cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0 S A 2. cos 2𝑥 + 4 sin2 𝑥 = 5 sin 𝑥 + 3
(2 cos 𝑥 − 1)(cos 𝑥 + 1) = 0 [Factorise] D D 3. 2 sin2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 3
T C
1 D
cos 𝑥 = or cos 𝑥 = − 1 D
2 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬:
𝑅𝑒𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 𝑥 = 60° or 𝑥 = 180° 1. 𝑥 = 120° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 240° +
Quad 1 [ cos positive] Quad 2 &3: [cos negative] 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘𝜖𝑍
𝑥 = 60° + 𝑘. 360° ; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° + 𝒌. 𝟑𝟔𝟎° ; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁 2. 𝑥 = 199° + 𝑘. 360° 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 340,53° +
Quad 4 [cos positive] 𝑘. 360°; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝑥 = 360° − 60° + 𝑘. 360° ; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 3. 𝑥 = 90° + 𝑘. 360° ; 𝑘𝜖𝑍
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒌. 𝟑𝟔𝟎° ; 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT Mind Action Platinum Classroom Everything Clever Via Africa

Series Mathematics Mathematics
Ex: 7 &8; Ex: 5-7 Ex: 5.9 Ex: 4.4 Ex: 6.4-6.5 Ex 5
Pg: 129 & 131 Pg: 97-100 Pg: 147 Pg: 160 Pg: 129-130 Pg: 127
CONSOLIDATION • It is important to remember that the sine and cosine function repeats every 360°but the tan function repeats
every 180°
• The CAST diagram plays an important role.
• Remember the reference angle is always in the first Quadrant. Use this information to find the angle in the
other quadrants.
• Ignore the negative sign when determining the reference angle. The sign will be the indication of the quadrant.
In which the solution is. CAST diagram.
• Practice!