Department of Electrical Engineering ES_EE191

MEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO: ES-EE191/05

TITLE: DETERMINATION OF STEADY STATE RESPONSE OF R-L AND R-C AND R-L-C CIRCUIT AND
CALCULATION OF IMPEDANCE AND POWER FACTOR.

OBJECTIVE: To study the steady state operation of series R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuit and determination of impedance
and power factor from phasor diagram

THEORY:

A.C. Circuit with L & R in Series

Fig 5.1
An R-L circuit is consisting of a resistor R ohm in series with an inductor of L Henry connected to an AC supply as
shown in the Fig 5.1. Applying Kirchoff’s voltage law we can get,

V = VR + VL
Where, VR = voltage drop across resistance = IR
VL = voltage drop across resistance = IXL
V = Supply voltage

Fig 5.2
The phasor diagram could be drawn as shown in the Fig. 5.2. From the phasor diagram we have,

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Fig 5.3
The phase difference angle ϕ can be determined from impedance triangle as depicted in Fig 5.3.

The power factor is given by cos ϕ.

Procedure
1. Connect the circuit with R=220 Ω and L=50 mH.
2. Set sinosoidal peak to peak amplitude of the function generator at 30 V and frequency at 200 Hz.
3. Note down the the voltmeter readings for VR and VL and ammeter reading for current flowing through the circuit.
4. Draw phasor and impedance triangle as described above with proper scaling and detirmine impedance and power
factor.
A.C. Circuit with C & R in Series

Fig 5.4

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An R-C circuit is consisting of a resistor R ohm in series with an inductor of C Farad connected to an AC supply as shown
in the Fig 5.1. Applying Kirchoff’s voltage law we can get,

V = VR + VC
Where, VR = voltage drop across resistance = IR
VC = voltage drop across resistance = IXC
V = Supply voltage

Fig 5.5

The phasor diagram could be drawn as shown in the Fig. 5.5. From the phasor diagram we have,

Fig 5.6
The phase difference angle ϕ can be determined from impedance triangle as depicted in Fig 5.6.

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Procedure
1. Connect the circuit with R=10 kΩ and C=0.1 µF.
2. Set sinosoidal peak to peak amplitude of the function generator at 30 V and frequency at 50 Hz.
3. Note down the the voltmeter readings for VR and VC and ammeter reading for current flowing through the circuit.
4. Draw phasor and impedance triangle as described above with proper scaling and detirmine impedance and power
factor.
A.C. Circuit with R, L & C in Series

Fig 5.7
An R-C circuit is consisting of a resistor R ohm in series with an inductor of C Farad connected to an AC supply as shown
in the Fig 5.1. Applying Kirchoff’s voltage law we can get,

V = VR + VL + VC
Where, VR = voltage drop across resistance = IR
VL = voltage drop across resistance = IXL
VC = voltage drop across resistance = IXC
V = Supply voltage

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 Department of Electrical Engineering ES_EE191

Fig. 5.8

The phasor diagram could be drawn as shown in the Fig. 5.8. From the phasor diagram we have,

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Procedure
1. Connect the circuit with L= 50 mH, R=10 kΩ and C=0.1 µF.
2. Set sinosoidal peak to peak amplitude of the function generator at 30 V and frequency at 1k Hz.
3. Note down the the voltmeter readings for VL, VR and VC and ammeter reading for current flowing through the
circuit.
4. Draw phasor and impedance triangle as described above with proper scaling and detirmine impedance and power
factor.

Experimental data Table

R-L circuit
Sl. No. VR (Volt) VL (Volt) I (mA) V (Volt) Z (Ohm) Power factor
Calculated Calculated

R-C circuit
Sl. No. VR (Volt) VC (Volt) I (mA) V (Volt) Z (Ohm) Power factor
Calculated Calculated

R-L-C circuit

Sl. No. VR (Volt) VL (Volt) VC (Volt) I (mA) V (Volt) Z (Ohm) Power

Calculated Calculated factor

Reports
1. What is active, reactive and apparent power?
2. What is the power factor of a purely inductive circuit?

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Nagrath I.J. & Kothari D.P.: ELECTRICAL MACHINES, TMH.
2. Bhattacharya A: ELECTRICAL MACHINES, 2/E TMH.
3. Say M.G.: PERFORMANCE & DESIGN OF A.C MACHINES. CBS PUB. & DISTRIBUTORS.
4. Bimbhra P.S.: ELECTRICAL MACHINERY.

• Show the sample calculations for only one observation, preferably at rated (if any).

Supply must always CONNECT LAST AND DISCONNECT FIRST

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