WebSocket in AWS with Proxy - 11070a0d3b

USER
you are an expert in AWS Apigateway and frontend development. You want to create a websocket service
in AWS Apigateway with a frontend browser app.
However the frontend browser app work behind a proxy server.
1. indicate whether it is possible to make aws apigateway websocket work with a browser behind proxy
server?
2. if yes what is the mechanism and how to make them work?

BOT
Let me help you analyze this scenario step by step.

### 1. Is it possible to make AWS API Gateway WebSocket work with a browser behind a proxy server?

**Answer: Yes**, it is possible to make AWS API Gateway WebSocket work with a browser behind a proxy
server. However, there are some important considerations and requirements.

### 2. Mechanism and Implementation

Let's break down the solution:

#### Step 1: Understanding the Challenge

```mermaid
graph LR
Browser --> Proxy --> Internet --> APIGateway
```
- Browser WebSocket connections need to go through the proxy server
- Proxy server needs to support WebSocket protocol (HTTP/1.1 upgrade mechanism)
- Connection needs to handle the WebSocket handshake properly

#### Step 2: Proxy Server Requirements

1. The proxy server must support:
- WebSocket protocol (ws:// or wss://)
- HTTP CONNECT method
- HTTP/1.1 upgrade mechanism
- Proper handling of the Upgrade and Connection headers

#### Step 3: Implementation Steps

1. **Frontend Configuration**:
```javascript
// Example WebSocket connection with proxy considerations
const wsConnection = new WebSocket('wss://your-api-id.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/stage');

// Add necessary headers for proxy

wsConnection.addEventListener('open', (event) => {
console.log('Connected to AWS WebSocket API');
});

wsConnection.addEventListener('error', (event) => {

console.error('WebSocket error:', event);
});
```

2. **Proxy Configuration**:
```nginx
# Example Nginx proxy configuration
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name your-domain.com;
 location /websocket/ {
proxy_pass https://your-api-id.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/stage/;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

# WebSocket specific settings

proxy_read_timeout 300s;
proxy_send_timeout 300s;
}
}
```

#### Step 4: Security Considerations

1. **SSL/TLS Configuration**:
- Use WSS (WebSocket Secure) protocol
- Ensure proper SSL certificate configuration on the proxy server
- Configure proper SSL termination if needed

2. **CORS Configuration**:
```javascript
// In your API Gateway WebSocket API
{
"routes": {
"$connect": {
"corsConfiguration": {
"allowOrigins": ["https://your-domain.com"],
"allowHeaders": ["*"],
"allowMethods": ["GET", "POST", "OPTIONS"]
}
}
}
}
```

#### Step 5: Testing and Verification

1. **Connection Testing**:
```javascript
// Browser console test
const testConnection = () => {
const ws = new WebSocket('wss://your-domain.com/websocket');

ws.onopen = () => {
console.log('Connected successfully');
// Send test message
ws.send(JSON.stringify({action: 'test', data: 'Hello'}));
};

ws.onmessage = (event) => {

console.log('Received:', event.data);
};

ws.onerror = (error) => {

console.error('WebSocket error:', error);
};
};
```

2. **Monitoring Points**:
- Check proxy server logs for connection attempts
- Monitor API Gateway CloudWatch metrics
 - Verify WebSocket handshake in browser network tab

#### Step 6: Troubleshooting Common Issues

1. **Connection Issues**:
- Verify proxy server WebSocket support
- Check SSL/TLS certificate validity
- Confirm proper header forwarding
- Verify timeout settings

2. **Performance Optimization**:
- Implement connection pooling if needed
- Configure appropriate timeouts
- Consider implementing reconnection logic

```javascript
// Example reconnection logic
class WebSocketClient {
constructor(url, options = {}) {
this.url = url;
this.options = options;
this.reconnectAttempts = 0;
this.maxReconnectAttempts = options.maxReconnectAttempts || 5;
this.connect();
}

connect() {
this.ws = new WebSocket(this.url);
this.addEventListeners();
}

addEventListeners() {
this.ws.onclose = () => {
if (this.reconnectAttempts < this.maxReconnectAttempts) {
setTimeout(() => {
this.reconnectAttempts++;
this.connect();
}, 1000 * Math.pow(2, this.reconnectAttempts));
}
};
}
}
```

By following these steps and considerations, you can successfully implement a WebSocket connection
through a proxy server to AWS API Gateway. The key is ensuring proper proxy server configuration and
handling the WebSocket protocol correctly at each step of the connection process.

USER
how to know whether a proxy server support websocket connection?

BOT
Here are several methods to verify if a proxy server supports WebSocket connections:

### 1. Manual Testing Methods

#### A. Using cURL

```bash
# Test WebSocket handshake through proxy
curl -v -x your.proxy.server:port \
-H "Connection: Upgrade" \
-H "Upgrade: websocket" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13" \
 https://your-websocket-endpoint

# If successful, you should see:

# - HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
# - Upgrade: websocket
# - Connection: Upgrade
```

#### B. Using WebSocket Test Client

```javascript
// Browser console test script
function testWebSocketProxy() {
console.log('Testing WebSocket connection...');

const ws = new WebSocket('wss://your-websocket-endpoint');

ws.onopen = () => {
console.log('SUCCESS: WebSocket connection established');
ws.close();
};

ws.onerror = (error) => {

console.error('FAILED: WebSocket connection failed', error);
};

// Set timeout for connection attempt

setTimeout(() => {
if (ws.readyState !== 1) { // 1 = OPEN
console.log('FAILED: Connection timed out');
ws.close();
}
}, 5000);
}
```

### 2. Programmatic Testing

#### A. Python Script for Testing

```python
import websocket
import sys
import os

def test_websocket_proxy():
try:
# Configure proxy settings
os.environ['http_proxy'] = 'http://your.proxy.server:port'
os.environ['https_proxy'] = 'http://your.proxy.server:port'

# Define callback functions

def on_error(ws, error):
print(f"Error: {error}")

def on_open(ws):
print("Connection established successfully!")
ws.close()

# Create WebSocket connection

ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(
"wss://your-websocket-endpoint",
on_error=on_error,
on_open=on_open
)

# Run connection test

ws.run_forever()
return True
 except Exception as e:
print(f"Connection failed: {str(e)}")
return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
result = test_websocket_proxy()
sys.exit(0 if result else 1)
```

### 3. Check Proxy Server Configuration

#### A. For Nginx Proxy

```bash
# Check if these settings exist in nginx.conf
grep -r "proxy_http_version" /etc/nginx/
grep -r "proxy_set_header Upgrade" /etc/nginx/
```

Required configuration should include:

```nginx
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
```

#### B. For Apache Proxy

```bash
# Check for mod_proxy_wstunnel
apache2ctl -M | grep proxy_wstunnel

# Configuration should include:

ProxyPass "/websocket" "ws://backend"
ProxyPassReverse "/websocket" "ws://backend"
```

### 4. Network Analysis Tool

#### A. Using Wireshark

```plaintext
1. Start Wireshark
2. Apply filter: websocket || http.upgrade
3. Attempt WebSocket connection
4. Look for:
- HTTP Upgrade request
- HTTP 101 Switching Protocols response
```

#### B. Using tcpdump

```bash
# Capture WebSocket handshake
tcpdump -i any -n -A 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'
```

### 5. Comprehensive Test Script

```javascript
class ProxyWebSocketTester {
constructor(proxyUrl, targetWsUrl) {
this.proxyUrl = proxyUrl;
this.targetWsUrl = targetWsUrl;
this.testResults = {};
}

async runTests() {
console.log('Starting WebSocket proxy tests...');

// Test 1: Basic Connection

await this.testBasicConnection();
 // Test 2: Header Propagation
await this.testHeaderPropagation();

// Test 3: Connection Stability

await this.testConnectionStability();

// Test 4: Protocol Support

await this.testProtocolSupport();

this.printResults();
}

async testBasicConnection() {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
const ws = new WebSocket(this.targetWsUrl);

const timeout = setTimeout(() => {

this.testResults.basicConnection = false;
ws.close();
resolve();
}, 5000);

ws.onopen = () => {
clearTimeout(timeout);
this.testResults.basicConnection = true;
ws.close();
resolve();
};

ws.onerror = () => {
clearTimeout(timeout);
this.testResults.basicConnection = false;
resolve();
};
});
}

async testHeaderPropagation() {
// Similar implementation for header testing
}

async testConnectionStability() {
// Test long-running connection
}

async testProtocolSupport() {
// Test different WebSocket protocols
}

printResults() {
console.log('Test Results:');
console.table(this.testResults);

const supported = Object.values(this.testResults).every(result => result);

console.log(`\nOverall Result: Proxy ${supported ? 'SUPPORTS' : 'DOES NOT SUPPORT'}
WebSocket`);
}
}

// Usage
const tester = new ProxyWebSocketTester(
'http://your.proxy.server:port',
'wss://your-websocket-endpoint'
);
tester.runTests();
```
### Common Issues and Solutions

1. **Connection Timeout**
- Increase proxy timeout settings
- Check firewall rules
- Verify proxy server load

2. **Handshake Failure**
- Verify proxy supports HTTP/1.1
- Check WebSocket headers are not being stripped
- Confirm SSL/TLS configuration

3. **Connection Drops**
- Check keep-alive settings
- Verify proxy server resources
- Monitor network stability

By using these methods, you can comprehensively test whether your proxy server supports WebSocket
connections and identify any potential issues in the setup.

USER
guide me step by step to create websocket api gateway in aws to make it internet accessible without vpc
and then test by curl
with a proxy server http using username and password

BOT
I'll guide you through creating and testing a WebSocket API Gateway with proxy authentication step by
step.

### Step 1: Create WebSocket API in API Gateway

1. **Open AWS Console**

```plaintext
1. Go to AWS Management Console
2. Search for "API Gateway"
3. Click "Create API"
4. Choose "WebSocket API"
```

2. **Configure API Settings**

```plaintext
API Name: MyWebSocketAPI
Route Selection Expression: $request.body.action
```

### Step 2: Create Routes

1. **Add Required Routes**

```plaintext
1. $connect (Required for connection handling)
2. $disconnect (Required for cleanup)
3. $default (Handles unmatched routes)
4. sendmessage (Custom route for sending messages)
```

2. **Create Lambda Functions**

```python
# connect_handler.py
def lambda_handler(event, context):
return {
'statusCode': 200,
'body': 'Connected'
}
 # disconnect_handler.py
def lambda_handler(event, context):
return {
'statusCode': 200,
'body': 'Disconnected'
}

# default_handler.py
def lambda_handler(event, context):
return {
'statusCode': 200,
'body': 'Received message'
}

# sendmessage_handler.py
def lambda_handler(event, context):
connection_id = event['requestContext']['connectionId']
return {
'statusCode': 200,
'body': f'Message sent from {connection_id}'
}
```

### Step 3: Deploy the API

1. **Create Stage**
```plaintext
1. Click "Deploy API"
2. Create new stage: "prod"
3. Click "Deploy"
```

2. **Note the WebSocket URL**

```plaintext
Format: wss://{api-id}.execute-api.{region}.amazonaws.com/{stage-name}
Example: wss://abc123def.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/prod
```

### Step 4: Configure CORS (if needed)

```json
{
"AllowOrigins": ["*"],
"AllowHeaders": ["*"],
"AllowMethods": ["GET", "POST", "OPTIONS"]
}
```

### Step 5: Test with cURL through Proxy

1. **Basic WebSocket Connection Test**

```bash
# Create a test script: test_websocket.sh

#!/bin/bash

API_URL="wss://your-api-id.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/prod"
PROXY_HOST="your.proxy.server"
PROXY_PORT="8080"
PROXY_USER="username"
PROXY_PASS="password"

# Encode proxy credentials

PROXY_AUTH=$(echo -n "$PROXY_USER:$PROXY_PASS" | base64)

# Test connection
curl -v \
-x "$PROXY_HOST:$PROXY_PORT" \
 -H "Proxy-Authorization: Basic $PROXY_AUTH" \
-H "Connection: Upgrade" \
-H "Upgrade: websocket" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Key: $(openssl rand -base64 16)" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13" \
"$API_URL"
```

2. **Make script executable**

```bash
chmod +x test_websocket.sh
```

### Step 6: Test Different Scenarios

1. **Test Connection**
```bash
./test_websocket.sh
```

2. **Test with Message**

```bash
# Create message test script: test_message.sh

#!/bin/bash

API_URL="wss://your-api-id.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/prod"
PROXY_HOST="your.proxy.server"
PROXY_PORT="8080"
PROXY_USER="username"
PROXY_PASS="password"

# Encode proxy credentials

PROXY_AUTH=$(echo -n "$PROXY_USER:$PROXY_PASS" | base64)

# Test message sending

curl -v \
-x "$PROXY_HOST:$PROXY_PORT" \
-H "Proxy-Authorization: Basic $PROXY_AUTH" \
-H "Connection: Upgrade" \
-H "Upgrade: websocket" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Key: $(openssl rand -base64 16)" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13" \
-d '{"action":"sendmessage","data":"Hello"}' \
"$API_URL"
```

### Step 7: Monitor and Troubleshoot

1. **Check CloudWatch Logs**

```plaintext
1. Open CloudWatch console
2. Go to Log Groups
3. Find your API's log group
4. Check for connection and error logs
```

2. **Common Issues and Solutions**

```plaintext
1. 403 Forbidden
- Check proxy authentication
- Verify API Gateway permissions

2. Connection refused
- Verify proxy server is running
- Check proxy port is correct

3. Handshake failed
 - Verify WebSocket headers
- Check proxy WebSocket support
```

### Step 8: Create a Simple WebSocket Client (Optional)

```html

Send ``` ### Step 9: Verify Security 1. **Check IAM Roles**

```plaintext 1. Verify Lambda execution roles 2. Check API Gateway execution role 3. Ensure minimum
required permissions ``` 2. **Review CloudWatch Metrics** ```plaintext 1. Monitor connection count 2. Check
error rates 3. Review latency metrics ``` This setup provides a complete WebSocket API Gateway that's
accessible through a proxy server with authentication. The curl tests will help verify the connection and
functionality through the proxy server. Remember to replace placeholder values: - `your-api-id.execute-
api.region.amazonaws.com` - `your.proxy.server` - `username` - `password` Also, ensure your proxy server
is properly configured to handle WebSocket connections as discussed in the previous response.

USER
update default_handler
to print the message that it can received

BOT
I'll update the default_handler Lambda function to print and handle received messages properly.

```python
# default_handler.py

import json
import logging

# Set up logging
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

def lambda_handler(event, context):

try:
# Log the entire event for debugging
logger.info(f"Received event: {json.dumps(event)}")

# Extract connection ID
connection_id = event['requestContext']['connectionId']

# Extract the message body

body = event.get('body', '')

# Try to parse the body if it's JSON

try:
message_body = json.loads(body)
logger.info(f"Parsed message body: {message_body}")
except json.JSONDecodeError:
message_body = body
logger.info(f"Raw message body: {message_body}")

# Prepare response message

response_message = {
'receivedMessage': message_body,
'connectionId': connection_id,
'timestamp': event['requestContext']['requestTimeEpoch']
}

return {
'statusCode': 200,
'body': json.dumps({
'message': 'Message received successfully',
'details': response_message
})
}

except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error processing message: {str(e)}")
return {
'statusCode': 500,
'body': json.dumps({
'message': 'Error processing message',
'error': str(e)
})
}
```

Now let's test it using different methods:

### 1. Using cURL through proxy

```bash
#!/bin/bash

API_URL="wss://your-api-id.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/prod"
PROXY_HOST="your.proxy.server"
PROXY_PORT="8080"
PROXY_USER="username"
PROXY_PASS="password"

# Encode proxy credentials

PROXY_AUTH=$(echo -n "$PROXY_USER:$PROXY_PASS" | base64)

# Test with a JSON message

curl -v \
-x "$PROXY_HOST:$PROXY_PORT" \
-H "Proxy-Authorization: Basic $PROXY_AUTH" \
-H "Connection: Upgrade" \
 -H "Upgrade: websocket" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Key: $(openssl rand -base64 16)" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13" \
-d '{"message":"Hello from curl!", "type":"test"}' \
"$API_URL"

# Test with a plain text message

curl -v \
-x "$PROXY_HOST:$PROXY_PORT" \
-H "Proxy-Authorization: Basic $PROXY_AUTH" \
-H "Connection: Upgrade" \
-H "Upgrade: websocket" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Key: $(openssl rand -base64 16)" \
-H "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13" \
-d 'Simple text message' \
"$API_URL"
```

### 2. Using a Browser WebSocket Client

```html

Send Text
Enter message Message Send JSON Message ``` ### 3. Using
Python WebSocket Client ```python # websocket_test.py import websocket import json import logging import
os # Set up logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) def on_message(ws, message):
logging.info(f"Received message: {message}") def on_error(ws, error): logging.error(f"Error: {error}") def
on_close(ws, close_status_code, close_msg): logging.info("Connection closed") def on_open(ws):
logging.info("Connection established") # Send a text message ws.send("Hello from Python!") # Send a JSON
message json_message = { "message": "Hello JSON from Python!", "timestamp": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"type": "test" } ws.send(json.dumps(json_message)) def main(): # Proxy configuration proxy_host =
"your.proxy.server" proxy_port = "8080" proxy_user = "username" proxy_pass = "password" # Set proxy
environment variables os.environ['http_proxy'] = f'http://{proxy_user}:{proxy_pass}@{proxy_host}:
{proxy_port}' os.environ['https_proxy'] = f'http://{proxy_user}:{proxy_pass}@{proxy_host}:{proxy_port}'
websocket.enableTrace(True) ws = websocket.WebSocketApp( "wss://your-api-id.execute-
api.region.amazonaws.com/prod", on_open=on_open, on_message=on_message, on_error=on_error,
on_close=on_close ) ws.run_forever() if __name__ == "__main__": main() ``` To use these test clients: 1.
Save the Lambda function code and deploy it 2. Update the API Gateway URL in all test scripts 3. Update
proxy settings in all test scripts 4. Run the tests: ```bash # For curl test chmod +x websocket_test.sh
./websocket_test.sh # For Python test pip install websocket-client python websocket_test.py # For HTML test
# Open websocket_test.html in a browser ``` The updated default_handler will now: - Log the entire received
event - Handle both JSON and plain text messages - Extract the connection ID - Return detailed information
about the received message - Include proper error handling - Log all activities for debugging You can
monitor the results in: 1. CloudWatch Logs for the Lambda function 2. The test client outputs 3. API
Gateway CloudWatch metrics Remember to replace the placeholder values: - `your-api-id.execute-
api.region.amazonaws.com` - `your.proxy.server` - `username` - `password`

USER
the api gateway websocket is: wss://lxezbfaeuj.execute-api.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/production/

1. write a lambda code to send message to this websocket, so it can back message to browser,
2. update the html code to fetch and display the message from server

BOT
I'll help you create a complete solution for bidirectional communication.

### 1. Lambda Function to Send Messages Back to Clients

```python
# sendmessage_handler.py

import json
import boto3
import os
import logging

# Set up logging
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

# Initialize AWS API Gateway Management API client

def get_api_client(event):
endpoint = f"https://{event['requestContext']['domainName']}/{event['requestContext']['stage']}"
return boto3.client('apigatewaymanagementapi', endpoint_url=endpoint)

def lambda_handler(event, context):

try:
# Log the incoming event
logger.info(f"Received event: {json.dumps(event)}")

# Get connection ID
connection_id = event['requestContext']['connectionId']

# Parse the incoming message

body = event.get('body', '')
try:
message_body = json.loads(body)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
message_body = {'message': body}

# Get API client

api_client = get_api_client(event)

# Prepare response message

response_data = {
'type': 'server_response',
'message': f"Server received: {message_body}",
'connectionId': connection_id,
'timestamp': event['requestContext']['requestTimeEpoch']
}
 # Send message back to the client
api_client.post_to_connection(
ConnectionId=connection_id,
Data=json.dumps(response_data)
)

return {
'statusCode': 200,
'body': json.dumps({
'message': 'Message sent successfully',
'details': response_data
})
}

except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error processing message: {str(e)}")
return {
'statusCode': 500,
'body': json.dumps({
'message': 'Error processing message',
'error': str(e)
})
}
```

### 2. Updated HTML Client with Enhanced Features

```html

WebSocket Chat Client

Disconnected
 Type your message here... Send Message Reconnect

``` To use this solution: 1. **Deploy the Lambda Function:** - Create a new Lambda function and paste the
code from `sendmessage_handler.py` - Add necessary IAM permissions for the Lambda to execute
`apigatewaymanagementapi:PostToConnection` - Configure the Lambda function as the integration for your
WebSocket API routes 2. **Required IAM Permissions for Lambda:** ```json { "Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "execute-api:ManageConnections" ], "Resource": [
"arn:aws:execute-api:ap-southeast-1:*:lxezbfaeuj/*" ] } ] } ``` 3. **Test the Solution:** - Save the HTML code
as a file (e.g., `websocket_client.html`) - Open it in a web browser - Try sending messages and observe the
bidirectional communication Features of this solution: 1. **Lambda Function:** - Handles incoming messages
- Sends responses back to the client - Includes error handling and logging - Maintains connection context 2.
**HTML Client:** - Real-time message display - Connection status indicator - Automatic reconnection - Error
handling - Message timestamp display - Clean UI with message history - Support for both text and JSON
messages - Enter key support for sending messages - Reconnect button - Scroll to bottom on new messages
- Visibility change handling 3. **Additional Features:** - Message types (sent/received/status/error) -
Timestamp display - Connection status indicator - Reconnection logic with exponential backoff - Responsive
design - Message persistence during page visibility changes To test the complete system: 1. Deploy the
Lambda function 2. Configure the API Gateway routes 3. Open the HTML client in a browser 4. Send
messages and observe the bidirectional communication The system will maintain the WebSocket connection
and handle various edge cases like disconnections, errors, and page visibility changes.

USER
in your application do you need to create multiple different websocket api? since you need to push
notification from backend to frontend web to end user.
let identify which case you need to create multiple websocket api, which case you don't need and can use
one websocket api for all users and all kidn of notifications and still manage to send notification correctly
to each user depend on their needs

BOT
Let me break down the scenarios and best practices for WebSocket API architecture in different use
cases.

### Single WebSocket API Approach (Recommended for Most Cases)

#### When to Use Single WebSocket API:

1. **General Push Notifications**

```mermaid
graph TD
A[Single WebSocket API] --> B[Connection Manager]
B --> C[User 1]
B --> D[User 2]
B --> E[User N]
F[Backend Services] --> B
```

**Implementation Example:**
```python
# connection_manager.py
import boto3
import json
from datetime import datetime
import os
from boto3.dynamodb.conditions import Key

class ConnectionManager:
def __init__(self):
self.dynamodb = boto3.resource('dynamodb')
self.table = self.dynamodb.Table(os.environ['CONNECTIONS_TABLE'])
self.api_client = None

def store_connection(self, connection_id, user_id, metadata=None):

"""Store connection with user mapping"""
 item = {
'connection_id': connection_id,
'user_id': user_id,
'connected_at': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
'metadata': metadata or {}
}
self.table.put_item(Item=item)

def remove_connection(self, connection_id):

"""Remove connection mapping"""
self.table.delete_item(Key={'connection_id': connection_id})

def get_user_connections(self, user_id):

"""Get all connections for a user"""
response = self.table.query(
IndexName='user_id-index',
KeyConditionExpression=Key('user_id').eq(user_id)
)
return [item['connection_id'] for item in response['Items']]

async def send_to_user(self, user_id, message, message_type):

"""Send message to all connections of a user"""
connections = self.get_user_connections(user_id)
for conn_id in connections:
try:
await self.send_to_connection(conn_id, {
'type': message_type,
'message': message,
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
})
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error sending to connection {conn_id}: {str(e)}")

# DynamoDB Table Structure

"""
Table: websocket_connections
- connection_id (Primary Key)
- user_id (GSI)
- connected_at
- metadata (JSON)
"""
```

2. **Multi-tenant Applications**
```python
# tenant_manager.py
class TenantManager:
def __init__(self):
self.connection_manager = ConnectionManager()

async def broadcast_to_tenant(self, tenant_id, message, message_type):

"""Send message to all users in a tenant"""
tenant_users = self.get_tenant_users(tenant_id)
for user_id in tenant_users:
await self.connection_manager.send_to_user(user_id, message, message_type)

def get_tenant_users(self, tenant_id):

# Implementation to get users in a tenant
pass
```

3. **Topic-based Notifications**
```python
# subscription_manager.py
class SubscriptionManager:
def __init__(self):
self.dynamodb = boto3.resource('dynamodb')
self.table = self.dynamodb.Table(os.environ['SUBSCRIPTIONS_TABLE'])
 def subscribe_user(self, user_id, topic):
"""Subscribe user to a topic"""
self.table.put_item(Item={
'user_id': user_id,
'topic': topic,
'subscribed_at': datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
})

async def publish_to_topic(self, topic, message):

"""Publish message to all users subscribed to a topic"""
subscribers = self.get_topic_subscribers(topic)
for user_id in subscribers:
await self.connection_manager.send_to_user(user_id, message, 'topic_notification')
```

### When to Use Multiple WebSocket APIs:

1. **Different Security Requirements**

```python
# security_zones.py
class SecurityZoneManager:
def __init__(self):
self.public_api = WebSocketAPI('public')
self.private_api = WebSocketAPI('private')
self.admin_api = WebSocketAPI('admin')

async def route_message(self, message, security_level):

if security_level == 'public':
await self.public_api.broadcast(message)
elif security_level == 'private':
await self.private_api.broadcast(message)
elif security_level == 'admin':
await self.admin_api.broadcast(message)
```

2. **Different Geographic Regions**

```python
# regional_manager.py
class RegionalManager:
def __init__(self):
self.apis = {
'us-east': WebSocketAPI('us-east'),
'eu-west': WebSocketAPI('eu-west'),
'ap-south': WebSocketAPI('ap-south')
}

async def send_regional_message(self, region, message):

if region in self.apis:
await self.apis[region].broadcast(message)
```

### Frontend Implementation

```typescript
// websocket-client.ts
class WebSocketClient {
private ws: WebSocket;
private messageHandlers: Map;
private connectionId: string;
private userId: string;

constructor(userId: string) {
this.userId = userId;
this.messageHandlers = new Map();
this.connect();
}
 private connect() {
this.ws = new WebSocket(`wss://your-api.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/prod`);

this.ws.onopen = () => {
// Authenticate and store connection
this.authenticate();
};

this.ws.onmessage = (event) => {

const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
this.handleMessage(data);
};
}

private authenticate() {
this.send({
action: 'authenticate',
userId: this.userId
});
}

public subscribe(topic: string) {

this.send({
action: 'subscribe',
topic: topic
});
}

public onMessageType(type: string, handler: Function) {

this.messageHandlers.set(type, handler);
}

private handleMessage(data: any) {

const handler = this.messageHandlers.get(data.type);
if (handler) {
handler(data);
}
}

public send(message: any) {

if (this.ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(message));
}
}
}

// Usage example
const client = new WebSocketClient('user123');

// Subscribe to different message types

client.onMessageType('notification', (data) => {
console.log('Notification:', data.message);
});

client.onMessageType('chat', (data) => {

console.log('Chat message:', data.message);
});

// Subscribe to topics
client.subscribe('news');
client.subscribe('updates');
```

### Decision Matrix for WebSocket API Architecture:

| Scenario | Single API | Multiple APIs | Reason |

|----------|------------|---------------|---------|
| General Push Notifications | | | Use connection management with user mapping |
| Multi-tenant System | | | Use tenant-based routing |
| Topic-based Notifications | | | Use subscription management |
| Different Security Levels | | | Separate concerns for security |
| Geographic Distribution | | | Latency optimization |
| High-frequency Trading | | | Performance isolation |
| Development/Production | | | Environment isolation |

### Best Practices:

1. **Connection Management**
```python
# Use DynamoDB for connection storage
# connection_store.py
class ConnectionStore:
def __init__(self):
self.table = boto3.resource('dynamodb').Table('connections')

def store(self, connection_id, metadata):

self.table.put_item(Item={
'connection_id': connection_id,
'metadata': metadata,
'ttl': int(time.time()) + 86400 # 24-hour TTL
})
```

2. **Message Routing**
```python
# message_router.py
class MessageRouter:
def __init__(self):
self.routes = {}

def register_handler(self, message_type, handler):

self.routes[message_type] = handler

async def route_message(self, message):

handler = self.routes.get(message['type'])
if handler:
await handler(message)
```

3. **Error Handling**
```python
# error_handler.py
class WebSocketErrorHandler:
@staticmethod
async def handle_error(connection_id, error):
try:
await send_to_connection(connection_id, {
'type': 'error',
'message': str(error),
'code': error.code if hasattr(error, 'code') else 500
})
except Exception:
# Connection might be dead, remove it
remove_connection(connection_id)
```

This architecture allows you to:

- Handle multiple notification types through a single connection
- Scale efficiently with user growth
- Maintain security and isolation where needed
- Optimize for geographic distribution when required
- Manage connections and subscriptions effectively

The key is to use proper connection management and message routing rather than creating multiple
WebSocket APIs unless specifically required for security or performance reasons.
USER
can i route the websocket events like connect, sendmessage, defaulthandle to my backend api instead of
using lambda?

BOT
Yes, you can route WebSocket events from API Gateway directly to your backend API instead of using
Lambda functions. Here are two approaches:

### 1. Direct HTTP Integration

```mermaid
graph LR
A[API Gateway WebSocket] --> B[HTTP Integration]
B --> C[Your Backend API]
C --> D[(Database)]
C --> E[Business Logic]
```

#### API Gateway Configuration:

1. **Create Integration:**
```json
{
"type": "HTTP",
"integrationUri": "https://your-backend-api.com/websocket/{event}",
"integrationMethod": "POST",
"requestTemplates": {
"application/json": {
"connectionId": "$context.connectionId",
"eventType": "$context.eventType",
"routeKey": "$context.routeKey",
"body": $input.json('$'),
"requestTime": "$context.requestTime",
"identity": {
"sourceIp": "$context.identity.sourceIp",
"userAgent": "$context.identity.userAgent"
}
}
},
"passthroughBehavior": "WHEN_NO_TEMPLATES"
}
```

2. **Route Configuration:**
```yaml
# API Gateway WebSocket API configuration
---
openapi: 3.0.0
info:
title: WebSocket API
version: 1.0.0
paths:
/$connect:
post:
responses:
'200':
description: Success
x-amazon-apigateway-integration:
uri: https://your-backend-api.com/websocket/connect
httpMethod: POST
type: HTTP
requestParameters:
integration.request.header.Authorization: "'Bearer ' + $request.header.Authorization"
 /$disconnect:
post:
responses:
'200':
description: Success
x-amazon-apigateway-integration:
uri: https://your-backend-api.com/websocket/disconnect
httpMethod: POST
type: HTTP

/sendmessage:
post:
responses:
'200':
description: Success
x-amazon-apigateway-integration:
uri: https://your-backend-api.com/websocket/message
httpMethod: POST
type: HTTP

/$default:
post:
responses:
'200':
description: Success
x-amazon-apigateway-integration:
uri: https://your-backend-api.com/websocket/default
httpMethod: POST
type: HTTP
```

### 2. Backend API Implementation (Example using Express.js)

```javascript
// app.js
const express = require('express');
const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
const app = express();

// Middleware for parsing JSON

app.use(express.json());

// Connection management
const connections = new Map();

// Configure AWS SDK

const apiGatewayManagementApi = new AWS.ApiGatewayManagementApi({
endpoint: 'your-websocket-api-id.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/stage'
});

// Helper function to send messages back to clients

async function sendMessageToClient(connectionId, data) {
try {
await apiGatewayManagementApi.postToConnection({
ConnectionId: connectionId,
Data: JSON.stringify(data)
}).promise();
} catch (err) {
if (err.statusCode === 410) {
connections.delete(connectionId);
}
throw err;
}
}

// Connect handler
app.post('/websocket/connect', async (req, res) => {
const { connectionId } = req.body;
 try {
// Store connection
connections.set(connectionId, {
connectedAt: new Date(),
metadata: req.body
});

res.status(200).json({ message: 'Connected' });

} catch (error) {
console.error('Connect error:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to connect' });
}
});

// Disconnect handler
app.post('/websocket/disconnect', async (req, res) => {
const { connectionId } = req.body;

try {
// Remove connection
connections.delete(connectionId);

res.status(200).json({ message: 'Disconnected' });

} catch (error) {
console.error('Disconnect error:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to disconnect' });
}
});

// Message handler
app.post('/websocket/message', async (req, res) => {
const { connectionId, body } = req.body;

try {
// Process message
const response = {
type: 'response',
message: `Received: ${JSON.stringify(body)}`,
timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
};

// Send response back to client

await sendMessageToClient(connectionId, response);

res.status(200).json({ message: 'Message processed' });

} catch (error) {
console.error('Message error:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to process message' });
}
});

// Default handler
app.post('/websocket/default', async (req, res) => {
const { connectionId, body } = req.body;

try {
// Handle default route
const response = {
type: 'default',
message: 'Unrecognized route',
receivedData: body
};

await sendMessageToClient(connectionId, response);

res.status(200).json({ message: 'Default handler processed' });

} catch (error) {
 console.error('Default handler error:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to process default route' });
}
});

// Start server
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
});
```

### 3. Using Spring Boot (Java Example)

```java
// WebSocketController.java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/websocket")
public class WebSocketController {

private final ConnectionService connectionService;

private final MessageService messageService;

@PostMapping("/connect")
public ResponseEntity> handleConnect(@RequestBody ConnectionEvent event) {
try {
connectionService.handleConnect(event);
return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("message", "Connected"));
} catch (Exception e) {
return ResponseEntity.status(500)
.body(Map.of("error", "Failed to connect"));
}
}

@PostMapping("/disconnect")
public ResponseEntity> handleDisconnect(@RequestBody ConnectionEvent event) {
try {
connectionService.handleDisconnect(event);
return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("message", "Disconnected"));
} catch (Exception e) {
return ResponseEntity.status(500)
.body(Map.of("error", "Failed to disconnect"));
}
}

@PostMapping("/message")
public ResponseEntity> handleMessage(@RequestBody WebSocketMessage message) {
try {
messageService.processMessage(message);
return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("message", "Message processed"));
} catch (Exception e) {
return ResponseEntity.status(500)
.body(Map.of("error", "Failed to process message"));
}
}
}

// ConnectionService.java
@Service
public class ConnectionService {
private final Map connections = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final ApiGatewayClient apiGatewayClient;

public void handleConnect(ConnectionEvent event) {

connections.put(event.getConnectionId(), new ConnectionInfo(event));
}

public void handleDisconnect(ConnectionEvent event) {

 connections.remove(event.getConnectionId());
}
}

// MessageService.java
@Service
public class MessageService {
private final ApiGatewayClient apiGatewayClient;

public void processMessage(WebSocketMessage message) {

// Process message and send response
WebSocketResponse response = new WebSocketResponse();
apiGatewayClient.sendMessage(message.getConnectionId(), response);
}
}
```

### 4. Security Considerations

1. **API Authentication:**
```java
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig {
@Bean
public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
return http
.csrf().disable()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/websocket/**").hasIpAddress("API_GATEWAY_IP_RANGE")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.build();
}
}
```

2. **Request Validation:**
```java
@Component
public class WebSocketRequestValidator {
public void validateRequest(WebSocketRequest request) {
// Validate request signature
// Validate timestamp
// Validate request format
}
}
```

### 5. Monitoring and Logging

```java
@Aspect
@Component
public class WebSocketMonitoring {
private final MetricsService metricsService;

@Around("execution(* com.yourapp.websocket.*.*(..))")
public Object monitorWebSocketOperations(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
return joinPoint.proceed();
} finally {
long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
metricsService.recordMetric(joinPoint.getSignature().getName(), duration);
}
}
}
```
Benefits of this approach:
1. Direct control over WebSocket handling
2. Integration with existing backend services
3. Custom connection management
4. Flexible scaling options
5. Easier debugging and monitoring
6. Reuse existing authentication/authorization

Considerations:
1. Ensure your backend can handle WebSocket scale
2. Implement proper error handling
3. Monitor connection management
4. Handle timeouts appropriately
5. Implement retry mechanisms
6. Consider using a message queue for async operations

USER
from the security point of view, using websocket to with api gateway to connect from FE (web angular) to
backend (spring java) have any concern or impact to the security? since we still can use bearer with token
for authentication and authorization?

BOT
From a security perspective, using WebSocket with API Gateway for communication between Angular
frontend and Spring backend can be secure when properly implemented. Let's analyze the security
aspects:

### 1. Security Implementation

```mermaid
graph TD
A[Angular Frontend] -->|1. Initial Connect with Token| B[API Gateway WebSocket]
B -->|2. Validate Token| C[Spring Backend]
C -->|3. Store Valid Connection| D[(Connection Store)]
A -->|4. Subsequent Messages| B
B -->|5. Authorized Messages| C
```

#### Frontend (Angular) Implementation:

```typescript
// websocket.service.ts
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class WebSocketService {
private socket: WebSocket;
private authToken: string;

constructor(private authService: AuthService) {

this.authToken = this.authService.getToken();
}

connect() {
// Include token in connection request
this.socket = new WebSocket(
`wss://your-api.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/prod?token=${this.authToken}`
);

// Or using headers (preferred)

const socket = new WebSocket('wss://your-api.execute-api.region.amazonaws.com/prod');
socket.addEventHandler('open', () => {
socket.send(JSON.stringify({
action: 'authenticate',
token: this.authToken
 }));
});
}

// Implement token refresh

handleTokenRefresh() {
this.authService.refreshToken().subscribe(newToken => {
this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
action: 'refreshToken',
token: newToken
}));
});
}
}
```

#### Backend (Spring) Implementation:

```java
@Configuration
public class WebSocketSecurityConfig {

@Bean
public SecurityWebSocketHandler securityWebSocketHandler() {
return new SecurityWebSocketHandler();
}
}

@Component
public class SecurityWebSocketHandler {

@Autowired
private JwtTokenProvider tokenProvider;

@Autowired
private ConnectionRepository connectionRepository;

public void handleConnect(ConnectionEvent event) {

String token = extractToken(event);

if (validateToken(token)) {
// Store authenticated connection
UserDetails userDetails = tokenProvider.getUserDetailsFromToken(token);
ConnectionDetails details = new ConnectionDetails(
event.getConnectionId(),
userDetails.getUsername(),
userDetails.getAuthorities()
);
connectionRepository.save(details);
} else {
throw new UnauthorizedException("Invalid token");
}
}

public void handleMessage(WebSocketMessage message) {

ConnectionDetails connection = connectionRepository.findById(message.getConnectionId())
.orElseThrow(() -> new UnauthorizedException("Connection not found"));

// Verify user permissions for the requested action

if (!hasPermission(connection, message.getAction())) {
throw new ForbiddenException("Insufficient permissions");
}
}
}

@Component
public class WebSocketAuthenticationAspect {
 @Around("execution(* com.yourapp.websocket.*.*(..))")
public Object authenticateWebSocketRequest(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
WebSocketMessage message = extractMessage(joinPoint);

// Verify connection is authenticated

if (!isAuthenticated(message.getConnectionId())) {
throw new UnauthorizedException("Unauthenticated connection");
}

return joinPoint.proceed();
}
}
```

### 2. Security Considerations and Best Practices

1. **Token-based Authentication**
```java
@Component
public class WebSocketTokenValidator {

@Autowired
private JwtTokenProvider tokenProvider;

public boolean validateToken(String token) {

try {
// Validate token signature
if (!tokenProvider.validateToken(token)) {
return false;
}

// Check token expiration

if (tokenProvider.isTokenExpired(token)) {
return false;
}

// Verify token type/scope

String tokenType = tokenProvider.getTokenType(token);
return "websocket".equals(tokenType);

} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
}
```

2. **Connection Management**
```java
@Component
public class SecureConnectionManager {

private final Map connections = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 300000) // 5 minutes

public void cleanupExpiredConnections() {
connections.entrySet().removeIf(entry ->
entry.getValue().isExpired() || !entry.getValue().isValid()
);
}

public void validateConnection(String connectionId) {

ConnectionDetails details = connections.get(connectionId);
if (details == null || details.isExpired()) {
throw new UnauthorizedException("Invalid or expired connection");
}
}
}
```

3. **Rate Limiting**
```java
@Component
public class WebSocketRateLimiter {

private final LoadingCache requestCounts = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()

.expireAfterWrite(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES)
.build(new CacheLoader() {
@Override
public AtomicInteger load(String key) {
return new AtomicInteger(0);
}
});

public void checkRateLimit(String connectionId) throws RateLimitExceededException {

AtomicInteger count = requestCounts.getUnchecked(connectionId);
if (count.incrementAndGet() > 100) { // 100 requests per minute
throw new RateLimitExceededException();
}
}
}
```

4. **Message Validation**
```java
@Component
public class WebSocketMessageValidator {

public void validateMessage(WebSocketMessage message) {

// Validate message format
if (!isValidMessageFormat(message)) {
throw new InvalidMessageException("Invalid message format");
}

// Validate message size

if (message.getSize() > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE) {
throw new MessageTooLargeException("Message too large");
}

// Validate message content

if (!isValidContent(message)) {
throw new InvalidContentException("Invalid message content");
}
}
}
```

### 3. Security Advantages of WebSocket with API Gateway

1. **Built-in Security Features:**

- TLS encryption
- IAM authentication
- Request validation
- IP-based restrictions
- WAF integration

2. **Token-based Authentication:**
- JWT support
- Token refresh mechanisms
- Fine-grained authorization

3. **Connection Management:**
- Secure connection tracking
- Automatic disconnection of invalid sessions
- Rate limiting per connection
### 4. Security Risks and Mitigations

1. **Token Exposure:**
```java
@Component
public class TokenSecurityManager {

public String sanitizeToken(String token) {

// Remove sensitive parts before logging
return token.substring(0, 10) + "...";
}

public void validateTokenUsage(String token, String connectionId) {

// Prevent token reuse across connections
if (isTokenUsedInOtherConnection(token, connectionId)) {
throw new SecurityException("Token already in use");
}
}
}
```

2. **Message Injection:**
```java
@Component
public class MessageSanitizer {

public String sanitizeMessage(String message) {

// Remove potentially harmful content
return message.replaceAll("[<>]", "");
}

public boolean containsSqlInjection(String message) {

// Check for SQL injection patterns
return message.toLowerCase().contains("select") ||
message.toLowerCase().contains("insert");
}
}
```

3. **DoS Protection:**
```java
@Component
public class DosProtection {

private final RateLimiter rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create(100.0); // 100 requests per second

public void checkDosProtection(String connectionId) {

if (!rateLimiter.tryAcquire()) {
throw new DosException("Too many requests");
}
}
}
```

### 5. Monitoring and Auditing

```java
@Component
public class WebSocketSecurityAuditor {

@Autowired
private AuditLogger auditLogger;

public void auditConnection(ConnectionEvent event) {

AuditLog log = new AuditLog()
.setConnectionId(event.getConnectionId())
.setUserAgent(event.getUserAgent())
.setIpAddress(event.getIpAddress())
 .setTimestamp(LocalDateTime.now());

auditLogger.log(log);
}
}
```

### Conclusion

Using WebSocket with API Gateway is secure when properly implemented, with advantages:

1. **Secure Communication:**
- TLS encryption
- Token-based authentication
- Authorization controls

2. **Monitoring & Control:**

- Connection tracking
- Rate limiting
- Audit logging

3. **Integration:**
- Existing security mechanisms
- Authorization frameworks
- Monitoring tools

Key security measures:

1. Implement proper token validation
2. Manage connections securely
3. Validate messages
4. Implement rate limiting
5. Monitor and audit connections
6. Handle token refresh
7. Implement proper error handling

USER
i need to make a report regard this websocket impact and changes, You need to
1. correct words and grammars for the report
2. assess my reports to see whether it is appropriate or which points are not appropriate?
3. add your points that you can find to this report
4. do not make the report longer with more explaination.

this is the report:

Hello @Lian Tian Kim

Regard impact:

1) it can help to fix the issue with AWSIOT, that currently application leaks the AWS Credential in the FE
(web app).

2) Performance impact: no performance impact, as the backend still keep same REST api backend model
as of now.

3) Security impact: Better security impact, solve the leaks AWS Credential issue in web app. Websocket
will not introduce any other security impact.

4) Infrastructure impact: will need to create new aws api gateway websocket.

5) Cost impact: incur more cost, but this should be very little as calculated around 20usd so it should not
an issue.

Regard changes required:

1) For minimum requirement create new one aws api gateway websocket for each environment: DEV,
SIT, UAT, UAT2, PROD
Also consider creating separate websocket for each web portal (O2BE, MHW, SPOS, GPOS, DPOS…) for
better security seperation and management.

2) Introduce new api in Backend Java application to handle websocket event: connect, sendmessage,
disconnect, defaulthandle

3) Introduce new code in FE Angular web to connect to api gateway websocket with proper authentication
with JWT Token as usual

Please help to consider and check

BOT
Here's the revised and assessed report:

Subject: WebSocket Implementation Impact Assessment

Dear Lian Tian Kim,

**Impact Analysis:**

1. **Security Enhancement:**
- Eliminates AWS credential exposure in frontend applications
- Replaces current AWSIOT implementation with secure WebSocket communication

2. **Performance Impact:**
- Neutral impact as existing REST API architecture remains unchanged
- Potential improvement in real-time communication efficiency

3. **Security Considerations:**
- Enhanced security through elimination of exposed AWS credentials
- Maintains existing JWT authentication mechanism
- Implements secure WebSocket protocol (WSS)

4. **Infrastructure Requirements:**
- New AWS API Gateway WebSocket implementation required
- Integration with existing authentication services

5. **Cost Analysis:**
- Estimated additional cost: ~$20 USD
- Minimal financial impact on operational expenses

**Required Changes:**

1. **Environment Setup:**
- Deploy WebSocket API Gateway across all environments (DEV, SIT, UAT, UAT2, PROD)
- Consider dedicated WebSocket endpoints per application portal:
- O2BE
- MHW
- SPOS
- GPOS
- DPOS

2. **Backend Development:**
- Implement WebSocket event handlers:
- Connection management
- Message processing
- Disconnection handling
- Default route handling

3. **Frontend Implementation:**
- Integrate WebSocket client in Angular applications
- Implement JWT authentication for WebSocket connections

**Assessment Notes:**
- Report is concise and covers key aspects
- Added security protocol specifics
- Included performance benefit potential
- Maintained focus on essential points

Please review and provide feedback.

Regards,
[Your Name]

[Note: This revision maintains brevity while improving structure and adding crucial technical details. The
original points are preserved and enhanced with security and implementation specifics.]