OPERATORS

An Operator is a symbol used to perform an operation between two operands.

Types of Operators.
Arithmetic Operators.

Relational Operators.

Logical Operators.

Bitwise Operators.

Assignment Operators.

1. Arithmetic Operators:
Used to perform basic mathematical operations.

Examples:

+ (addition)

- (subtraction)

* (multiplication)

/ (division)

% (modulus, remainder)

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators:

They are used to compare two values and return a boolean result ( true or false ).

Examples:

== (equal to)

!= (not equal to)

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 > (greater than)

< (less than)

>= (greater than or equal to)

<= (less than or equal to)

3. Logical Operators:
Used to combine boolean expressions.

Examples:

&& (logical AND)

|| (logical OR)

! (logical NOT)

4. Bitwise Operators:
Operate at the bit level on binary numbers.

Examples:

& (bitwise AND)

| (bitwise OR)

^ (bitwise XOR)

<< (left shift)

>> (right shift)

a b a&b a|b a^b

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 1

5. Assignment Operators:

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 Used to assign values to variables.

Examples:

= (assignment)

+= (add and assign)

- = (subtract and assign)

* = (multiply and assign)

/= (divide and assign)

What is Unary, Binary and Ternary?

What is Unary?
A unary operator operates on one operand.

It performs operations like incrementing and decrementing value.

Examples:

++ (increment)

-- (decrement)

int x = 5;
x++; // this will increment value of x by one (post
printf("%d",x);

int x = 5;
x--; // this will decrement value of x by one (post
printf("%d",x);

int x = 5;
++x; // this will decrement value of x by one (pre in

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 printf("%d",x);

int x = 5;
--x; // this will decrement value of x by one (pre de
printf("%d",x);

What is Binary?
A binary operator operates on two operands.

It's used for arithmetic, comparisons, logic, and assignments between two
values.

Examples:

+ (addition)

- (subtraction)

== (equality check)

&& (logical AND)

int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = a+b; // this operator will add a and b values
printf("%d",c);

int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = b-a; // this operator will subtract value of a from b
printf("%d",c);

int a = 10;
int b = 10;
if(a == b){ // this is check equallity with two operands

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 printf("Equal");
}

if(5 < 7 && 7 > 5){ // this is check true both sides with &&
printf("True");
}

What is ternary?
A ternary operator operates on three operands.

It is typically used for conditional expressions as a shorthand for if-else

statements.

Syntax: condition? value_if_true : value_if_false

int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // Ternary operator, returns 20

Operator Precedence In c
Operator
Precedence Description Associativity

1 () Parentheses (function call) Left-to-Right

[] Array Subscript (Square Brackets)

. Dot Operator

-> Structure Pointer Operator

++ , — Postfix increment, decrement

2 ++ / — Prefix increment, decrement Right-to-Left

+/– Unary plus, minus

!,~ Logical NOT, Bitwise complement

(type) Cast Operator

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 * Dereference Operator

& Addressof Operator

sizeof Determine size in bytes

3 *,/,% Multiplication, division, modulus Left-to-Right

4 +/- Addition, subtraction Left-to-Right

5 << , >> Bitwise shift left, Bitwise shift right Left-to-Right

Relational less than, less than or

6 < , <= Left-to-Right
equal to

Relational greater than, greater than

> , >=
or equal to

7 == , != Relational is equal to, is not equal to Left-to-Right

8 & Bitwise AND Left-to-Right

9 ^ Bitwise exclusive OR Left-to-Right

10 | Bitwise inclusive OR Left-to-Right

11 && Logical AND Left-to-Right

12 || Logical OR Left-to-Right

13 ?: Ternary conditional Right-to-Left

14 = Assignment Right-to-Left

+= , -= Addition, subtraction assignment

*= , /= Multiplication, division assignment

%= , &= Modulus, bitwise AND assignment

Bitwise exclusive, inclusive OR

^= , |=
assignment

<<=, >>= Bitwise shift left, right assignment

15 , comma (expression separator) Left-to-Right

Practice Questions

1. What are operators in programming, and why are they important?

2. What are arithmetic operators, and why are they used in programming?

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 3. Write a program to perform addition using arithmetic operators.

4. Write a program to perform subtraction using arithmetic operators.

5. Write a program to perform multiplication using arithmetic operators.

6. Write a program to perform division using arithmetic operators.

7. Write a program to perform post-increment.

8. Write a program to perform pre-increment.

9. Write a program to perform post-decrement.

10. Write a program to perform pre-decrement.

11. What is the syntax of the ternary operator?

12. Write a C program using the ternary operator to find the maximum of two
numbers.

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