NOTEBOOK QUESTION

DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION
Define Styles
A style is a set of formats that you can apply to selected pages, text, frames, and other elements
in your document to quickly change their appearance. When you apply a style, you apply a whole
group of formats at the same time.
Advantages of Styles
you apply a whole group of formats at the same time.
Styles help improve consistency in a document.
They also make major formatting changes easy.
Styles make the task easy and fast.
Different type of styles.
• Page styles include margins, headers and footers, borders and backgrounds. In Calc, page styles
also include the sequence for printing sheets.
• Paragraph styles control all aspects of a paragraph’s appearance, such as text alignment, tab
stops, line spacing, and borders, and can include character formatting.
• Character styles affect selected text within a paragraph, such as the font and size of text, or
bold and italic formats.
• Frame styles are used to format graphic and text frames, including wrapping type, borders,
backgrounds, and columns.
• Numbering styles apply similar alignment, numbering or bullet characters, and fonts to
numbered or bulleted lists.
• Cell styles include fonts, alignment, borders, background, number formats (for example,
currency, date, number), and cell protection.
• Graphics styles in drawings and presentations include line, area, shadowing, transparency, font,
connectors, dimensioning, and other attribute
Presentation styles include attributes for font, indents, spacing, alignment, and tabs.
What are the different ways to open Style and formatting window?
- Format > Styles and Formatting,
- press F11.
- Styles and Formatting icon in side bar
- Standard toolbar > style and formatting

Define Fill Format mode

Fill format mode is used to apply a style to many different areas quickly without having to
go back to the Styles and Formatting window and double-click every time.
How to quit fill format mode?
To quit Fill Format mode, click the Fill Format mode icon again or press the Esc key.
What is the meaning of right click when fill format mode is active?
when this mode is active, a right-click anywhere in the document undoes the last Fill
Format action. Be careful not to accidentally right click and thus undo actions you
How to apply existing style on document?
To apply an existing style (except for character styles),
position the insertion point in the paragraph, frame, or page, and
then double-click on the name of the style in one of these lists.
To apply a character style, select the characters first.
How to create new style in a document?
- In the Styles and Formatting window, click on the New Style from Selection icon
- You can drag and drop a text selection into the Styles and Formatting window to
create a new style.
How to modify the style?
- select the style you want to update (singleclick, not double-click), then long-click
on the arrow next to the New Style from Selection icon and click on Update Style(
- Right click on style ->modify
How to load a style from a template?
In the Styles and Formatting window,
long-click on the arrow next to the New Style from Selection icon,
and then click on Load Styles.
What are the different ways of inserting an image file?
• Drag and Drop- locate the image you want to insert. Drag the image into the Writer
document and drop it where you want it to appear.
• Picture Dialog-Insert > Picture > From File from the menu bar
• Clipboard- Using the clipboard, you can copy images into an Open Office
document from another Open Office document and from other programs.
• Scanner- Insert > Picture > Scan > Select Source
• Gallery- Tools > Gallery
• Drawing toolbar> from file
Different ways of getting picture property toolbar.
• View > Toolbars > Picture
• Picture toolbar icon on side bar on right hand side
• Right click on image and click on picture
What is cropping?
When you are only interested in a section of the image for the purpose of your document,
you may wish to cut off parts of it.
Different between keep scale and keep ratio.
When Keep scale is selected (default), cropping the image does not change the scale
(Height to width ratio or Aspect ratio) of the picture.
When Keep image size is selected, cropping produces enlargement (for positive cropping
values), shrinking (for negative cropping values), or distortion of the image so that the
image size remains constant.
What are the setting to control position Image/Graphics/drawing object Within the Text?
1. Arrangement refers to the placement of a graphic on an imaginary vertical axis.
Arrangement controls how graphics are stacked upon each other or relative to the text.
2. Alignment refers to the vertical or horizontal placement of a graphic in relation to the
chosen anchor point.
3. Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or
frame where the object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image always has an anchor
point.
4. Text wrapping refers to the relation of graphics to the surrounding text, which may wrap
around the graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic, or
treat the graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
Define template with example.
A template is a model that you use to create other documents. For example, you can create
a template for business reports that has your company’s logo on the first page.
What template contain.
Templates can contain anything that regular documents can contain, such as text, graphics,
a set of styles, and user-specific setup information such as measurement units, language,
the default printer, and toolbar and menu customization.
What are the advantage of Template?

How to creating A Template from A Document?

File > Templates > Save.
What are different type of template made using wizard?
We can use wizards to create templates for letters, faxes, agendas, presentations, and Web
pages.
File > Wizards >[type of template required]
How to set template as Default Template?
File > Templates > Organize. The Template Management dialog opens.
Click the Commands button and choose Set As Default Template from the drop down
menu.
How to Resetting the default template to blank page?
File > Templates > Organize. The Template Management dialog opens.
Click the Commands button and choose Reset Default Template from the dropdown menu.
What Table of Content feature in Open Office does?
Table of contents feature lets you build an automated table of contents from the headings in
your document.
How is hierarchy of headings related to TOC?
TOC entries are according to level of heading listed in HOH.
HOH defines levels of heading when higher level heading pertain to title, main heading
and sub heading the lower level heading pertain to section and sub- sections etc.
How to create TOC?
Insert > Indexes and Tables > Indexes and Tables.
If you add or delete text (so that headings move to different pages) or you add, delete, or
change headings, you need to update the table of contents. How to update the TOC?
Right-click and select Update Index/Table
Explain different tabs of TOC
Index/Table tab: sets the table's basic attributes e.g. Type- table of content, Title, Create
index/table area - Entire document or chapter, Evaluate up to level (heading), Outline
Entries Tab: format the entries in the table of contents. For each outline level, you can
add and delete elements, such as chapter numbers, and you can also apply character styles
to individual elements.
The Structure line displays the elements for entries in that level.
Each button on the Structure line represents one element:
 The E# button represents the chapter number.
 The E button represents the entry text
 The T button represents a tab stop.
 The # button represents the page number.
 The LS button represents the start of a hyperlink. (This button doesn't appear on the
default Structure line.)
 The LE button represents the end of a hyperlink. (This button doesn't appear on the
default Structure line.)

Styles Tab: Writer automatically assigns to the table of contents all paragraphs formatted
with the default heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, and so on). This tab can apply a
different paragraph style to each outline level of the table.
Background Tab: add colour or a graphic to the table background.
Column Tab: To put table of content into more than one tab
What is mail merge?
A mail merge is a way to take a letter you’ve written and send it to a whole bunch of
people, personalizing it with information about them so they might think that you typed
that letter personally for them.
Advantage of mail merge
• A mail merge is a quick way to send personalize letter to many people.
• Beneficial for any person or organization that has a lot of clients, partners, parents
and children, or other people to communicate with.
• It saves time and effort and ensure consistency.
Example of mail merge.
Invitation letter sent to guests have a more or less common content and layout.
Component of Mail Merge
• Main Document: Main document is the document which contains text and graphics.
It may be a formal or an official letter.
• Data Source: Data source is a file that contains the names and addresses or any
other information that vary with each version of a mail-merge document.
• The Writer uses main document and address database to produce a Merged
document.
Merge Field: A merge field is where you want to insert the information from a data source
into a main document. Merge fields appear with chevrons (« »).
Types of data on which mail merge can be applied are
Labels / envelope and Letters and email
Steps to create a mail merge
• Create a new Writer document or open existing document.
• create a data source using File > New > Database. The file will end in .odb
• Open the letter you want to use.
• Press F4. Click the + next to the database you want, then click the + next to Tables
and the + next to the table you want.
• Drag the field name into the letter to the place where you want it.
• Merged fields are displayed in grey background
• The next step is to either print the letter to a printer, or “print” to a Writer file so
you can see all the data merged
F4:- open close data source window.
Different databases can be used in mail merge
Define Label
a small piece of paper attached to letter or envelope giving information about it or address
of receiver.
How to create a label?
• Choose File > New > Labels.
• On the Labels Tab. Select database and table. Click the drop-down arrow under
Database field. Select the field to be used in the label. Click the left arrow button to
move this field to the Label text area.
• Continue adding fields and inserting desired punctuation, spaces, and line breaks
until the label is composed. shows the completed label.
• ● Click New Document. You now have a new, single-page document containing a
series of label frames.

Spreadsheet
Define Data consolidation.
Data Consolidation allows you to gather together your data from separate worksheets into a
master worksheet. In other words, the Data Consolidation function takes data from a series
of worksheets or workbooks and summaries it into a single worksheet that you can update
easily
How to apply data consolidation?
• Create a workbook with data in sheet2, sheet3 and sheet4. For consolidating this
data in Sheet1.
• Goto Data> Consolidate data
• In Consolidate dialog box, select Source data range, select a target range and
function to be applied on data.
Functions applied in data consolidation feature.
Sum, count, average, max, min, product, STDEV
How to give name to range of data?
Data > Define Range
Define SubTotal.
SUBTOTAL, totals/adds data arranged in an array—that is, a group of cells with labels for
columns and/or rows. Using the Subtotals dialog, you can select arrays, and then choose a
statistical function to apply to them.
What are the steps to get Subtotal?
 • Select the range of cells that you want to calculate subtotals for,
• and then choose Data -> Subtotals.
• In the Subtotals dialog, in the Group by box, select the column that you want to add
the subtotals to.
• If the contents of the selected column change, the subtotals are automatically
recalculated.
• In the Calculate subtotals for box, select the columns containing the values that you
want to subtotal.
• In the Use function box, select the function that you want to use to calculate the
subtotals.
What is What-if analysis?
What-If Analysis is the process of changing the values in cells to see how those changes
will affect the outcome of formulas on the worksheet. Three kinds of What-If Analysis
tools come with Excel: Scenarios, Goal Seek, and Solver
What is Scenario?
A Scenario is a What-if analysis tool which helps to build a model wherein changes made
in values are reflected in the possible outcome, which is based on some formula using these
values.
For example, if you wanted to calculate the effect of different interest rates on an
investment, you could add a scenario for each interest rate, and quickly view the results.
How to create Scenarios?
• Select the cells that contain the values that will change between scenarios.
• Choose Tools > Scenarios.
• On the Create Scenario dialog enter names for the new scenarios.
What is Goal seek? How and where to use it?
Goal seek tool is used to calculate backward to obtain an input that would yield a given
output.
Example
A student wants to find how much he has to score in IT 402 to obtain his desired
percentage. Other subject marks he knows. Final expected percentage he knows. So, he
can use Goal seek to find IT 402 in order to get desired percentage.

Steps
• Enter the marks of science, social, language, math.
• Enter the formula to calculate the percentage.
• Place the cursor in the formula cell , and choose Tools > Goal Seek.
• On the Goal Seek dialog, add insert Formula cell address, variable cell address and
Target value
What is Solver?
Solver tool is more elaborate than Goal Seek and deals with equations with multiple
unknown variables. Aim of solver is to find the maximum or minimum result from a
multiple unknown variable.
Example: A student wants to find how much he has to score in IT, Math and English to
obtain his desired percentage. Other subject marks he knows. Final expected percentage he
knows. So, he can use Solver to find IT, Math and English in order to get desired
percentage. HE can also give minimum and maximum limit for IT, Math and English.
Steps :
• Enter the Science, Social, Hindi marks.
• Create space for IT, Math and English
 • Insert function to calculate percentage.
• Choose Tools -> Solver. The solver dialog opens
• Insert Target cell address, Changing cell address and max and min rage of marks.

What are different ways of inserting sheets?

• Insert > Sheet
• Right-click on the tab and select Insert Sheet
• Click in an empty space or + sign at the end of the line of sheet tabs

On the Insert Sheet dialog, you can also add a sheet from a different spreadsheet file (for
example, another Calc or Excel spreadsheet), by choosing the From file option.
Or use
Insert> sheet from file
How to get live data in a worksheet if you have inserted the sheet from file?

Select the Link option to insert the external sheet as a link instead as a copy in Insert sheet
dialog box. This is one of several ways to include “live” data from another spreadsheet.
Or select Tools > Options > OpenOffice.org Calc > General > Updating, to manually
update whenever the file is opened.
Different ways of rename sheet.
• Double-click on one of the existing worksheet names.
• Right-click on an existing worksheet name, then choose Rename
• Format menu >> sheet>> rename.
What is cell reference?
A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet
• Data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.
• Data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
• Data on other worksheets in the same workbook.
How to Reference Other Sheets?
‘Path and file name’.’Sheet name’.’Cell
‘Checking Account’.F3
What is Hyperlink? Different types of Hyperlink.
Hyperlinks can be used in Calc to jump to a different location from within a spreadsheet
and can lead to other parts of the current file, to different files or even to web sites.

A relative hyperlink means is a hyperlink that contains an address that is relative to the
address of the destination file. Relative links use the location of the working file as a base
and show the path to the document from there.

An absolute hyperlink is a hyperlink that contains the full address of the destination file or
of the Web site starting from the top most folder.

An absolute link will stop working only if the target is moved. A relative link will stop
working only if the start and target locations change relative to each other. For instance, if
you have two spreadsheets in the same folder linked to each other and you move the entire
folder to a new location, a relative hyperlink will not break.
To change the way that OOo saves the hyperlinks in your file(Relative or absolute),
select Tools > Options > Load/Save > General and choose if you want URLs saved
relatively when referencing the File System, or the Internet, or both.
How to insert Hyperlink?
click the Hyperlink icon on the Standard toolbar or choose Insert > Hyperlink from the
menu bar. To turn existing text into a link, highlight it before opening the Hyperlink dialog.
Explain different types of objects/files/things we can link with a hyperlinked text?
• Internet: the hyperlink points to a web address, normally starting with http://
• Mail & News: the hyperlink opens an email message that is pre-addressed to a particular
recipient.
• Document: the hyperlink points to a place in either the current worksheet or another
existing worksheet.
• New document: the hyperlink creates a new worksheet.
Explain same and different settings in hyperlink dialog box
Different settings for different hyperlink type
• Internet: For an Internet hyperlink, choose the type of hyperlink (choose between Web,
FTP or Telnet),and enter the required web address (URL).
• Mail & News: For a Mail and News hyperlink, specify whether it is a mail or news link,
the receiver address and for email, also the subject
• Document For a Document hyperlink dialog box, specify the worksheet path
• New document: For a New Document type hyperlink, specify whether to edit the newly
created worksheet immediately (Edit now) or just create it (Edit later) and enter the file
name and the type of worksheet to create (text, spreadsheet, etc.).

Same settings for different hyperlink type

• Set the value of Frame to determine how the hyperlink will open. This applies to
worksheets that open in a Web browser.
• Form specifies if the link is to be presented as text or as a button.
• Text specifies the text that will be visible to the user. If you do not enter anything here,
Calc will use the full URL or path as the link text. Note that if the link is relative and you
move the file, this text will not change, though the target will.
• Name is applicable to HTML documents. It specifies text that will be added as a NAME
attribute in the HTML code behind the hyperlink
How to link an external data?
• In the target worksheet. Select the cell where the upper left-hand cell of the
external data is to be inserted.
• Choose Insert -> Link to External Data.
• On the External Data dialog, , type the URL of the source worksheet and In the
Available tables/range list, select the named ranges or tables you want to insert.
How to link to Registered Data Sources?
• Choose Tools -> Options -> OpenOffice.org Base -> Databases.
• Open the Create Database Link dialog.
• Enter the location of the database file,
• Type a name to use as the registered name for the database and click OK.
What is Collaboration/ Sharing of document? What are the advantages of collaboration?
Sometimes it is necessary to have multiple people working on a file at the same time.
Multiple users working on same document is known as Collaboration.
Advantage:
• This can be to speed up data entry or
• Make things easier
• Reduce redundancy
What are the steps to set up a spreadsheet for sharing with others? How do we know that
file is shared?
Select Tools > Share Document to activate the collaboration features for this worksheet. A
dialog opens where you can choose from shared to unshared or vice-versa.
The word (shared) is shown on the title bar after the worksheet's title. If the file is shared.
What are the features of spreadsheet not available in a shared document?
• Edit > Changes, except for Merge ● Insert > Cells Shift Cells Down & Shift
Document Cells Right
• Edit > Compare Document ● Insert > Sheet from file
• Edit > Sheet > Move/Copy & ● Insert > Names
Delete ● Insert > Comment
● Insert > Picture > From File
● Insert > Movie and Sound
● Insert > Object
● Insert > Chart
● Insert > Floating Frame
● Data > Define Range ● Format > Sheet > Rename, Tab Color
● Data > Sort ● Format > Merge Cells > Merge and
● Data > Subtotals Center, Merge Cells, Split Cells
● Data > Validity ● Format > Print Ranges
● Data > Multiple Operations
● Data > Consolidate
● Data > Group and Outline (all)
● Data >DataPilot
• Tools > Protect Document
List the situations that may occur when you save a shared spreadsheet?
● If the worksheet was not modified and saved by another user since you opened it, the
worksheet is saved.
● If the worksheet was modified and saved by another user since you opened it, one of the
following events will occur:
1. If the changes do not conflict, the worksheet is saved, the dialog appears, and any
cells modified by the other user are shown with a red border.
2. If the changes conflict, the Resolve Conflicts dialog is shown. You must decide
for each
conflict which version to keep, yours or the other person’s. When all conflicts are
resolved, the worksheet is saved. While you are resolving the conflicts, no other
user can
save the shared worksheet.
3. If another user is trying to save the shared worksheet and resolve conflicts, you
see a
message that the shared spreadsheet file is locked due to a merge-in in progress.
You can
choose to cancel the Save command for now, or retry saving later.
What do you mean by Record Changes? How to attain it?
Calc has the feature to track what data was changed, when the change was made, who
made the change and in which cell the change has occurred. This feature is known as
Record Changes.

To start recording changes:

1. Open the Spreadsheet.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Record from the menu bar.
3. Begin editing the worksheet.
How to identify a cell with changes made in shared spreadsheet?
A coloured border, with a dot in the upper left-hand corner, appears around a cell where
changes were made. Other reviewers then quickly know which cells were edited.
A deleted column or row is marked by a heavy coloured bar.
Can we change the colour of cell of shared spreadsheet? How?
Yes, To change the colour that indicates changes, select Tools > Options > OpenOffice.org
Calc > Changes.
Do Calc gives control over what changes you see when reviewing a worksheet?

Calc gives you tremendous control over what changes you see when reviewing a
worksheet. To change the available filters, select Edit > Changes > Show.

Different settings You can filter based on:

● Date – Only changes made in a certain time range are displayed.
● Author – Only changes made by a specific author are displayed. This is especially useful
if you have multiple reviewers on the worksheet.
● Range – Only changes made in a specific range of cells are displayed. This is especially
useful if you have a large spreadsheet and only want to review a part of it.
● Comment – Searches the content of the comments and only displays changes which have
comments that match the search criteria
● Show accepted changes – Only changes you accepted are displayed.
● Show rejected changes – Only changes you rejected are displayed.
You can also access the filter control in the Accept or Reject Changes dialog shown below.
What is a comment? Does spreadsheet automatically add comment? Can user also add
comment? How?
Comments are the description about the change made in cell during record change mode.
Calc automatically adds to any recorded change a comment describing what was changed
(for example, Cell B4 changed from ‘9’ to ‘4’).
Reviewers and authors can add their comments to explain their changes.

Steps to add / edit existing comment

• Select the cell with the change.
• Choose Edit > Changes > Comments. In the dialog box, the automatically-added
comment provided by Calc appears in the title bar of this dialog and cannot be
edited.
• Type your own comment and click OK.

added a comment to a changed cell can be seen by hovering the mouse pointer over
the cell
How to accept or reject changes?
The original author of the shared spreadsheet can go through each change and decide to
accept or reject changes
1. Open the edited worksheet.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Accept or Reject.
3. Calc show the changes one at a time. You can choose to accept or reject each change
If multiple reviewer has changed the same cell. How calc represent multiple change?
If more than one person has reviewed the worksheet, one reviewer may have modified
another reviewer’s change. If so, the changes are hierarchically arranged with a plus sign
for opening up the hierarchy
Why merging of worksheet required? How is it done?

Sometimes, multiple reviewers return edited versions of a worksheet at the same time. In
this case, it may be quicker to review all of these changes at once, rather than one review at
a time. For this purpose, Calc provides the feature of merging worksheets.

Steps to merge worksheet

1. Open the original worksheet.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Merge Document.
3. A file selection dialog opens. Select a file you want to merge and click OK.
What is the use of comparing document? How it is done?

When sharing worksheets reviewers may forget to record the changes they make. This is
not a problem with Calc because Calc can find the changes by comparing worksheets.

Steps:
1. Open the edited worksheet that you want to compare with the original worksheet.
2. Select Edit > Compare Document.
3. An open worksheet dialog appears. Select the original worksheet and click Insert.
How Calc finds and marks the changes in compared document?

Calc finds and marks the changes as follows:

● All data that occurs in the edited worksheet but not in the original is identified as inserted
● All data that is in your original worksheet but is not in the edited worksheet is identified
as deleted.
● All data that is changed, is marked as changed.

Define Macro. What are advantages of Macro?

A macro is a saved sequence of commands or keystrokes that are stored for later use.

Advantages
• Macros are especially useful to repeat a task the same way over and over again.
• Macro automate the repetitive keystrokes and tasks.
• Macro reduces the amount of time spent in repetitive tasks.
• Macro reduces the possibilities of human errors in repetitive strokes.
• Macro helps in making complex computation easier.
How to record a Macro?
• Open a new spreadsheet
• Insert the data
• Select the range to be formatted
• Use Tools > Macros > Record Macro to start the macro recorder.
• It will start recording of action in a macro and display Record macro toolbar with
Stop recording icon
• Click Stop Recording to stop the macro recorder. The OpenOffice.org Basic
Macros dialog opens.
• Give name to macro and save it.
If no libraries exist, then the Standard library is automatically created
Create a macro as a function.
Function Address()
Address()=”Bangalore, India”
End Function
Create a macro as a function with argument.
Function square(Optional a)
Square = a * a
End Function
Define arguments?
The values passed to a macro are called is arguments.
What is Database?
A database is an organized collection of data. You can visualize it as a container of information.

DBMS
What is DBMS. Give example.
A database management system is a software package with computer programs that controls the
creation, maintenance, and use of a database.
What is RDBMS. Give example.
The software used to store, manage, query, and retrieve data stored in a relational database is
called a relational database management system (RDBMS).
When data is to be stored, maintained, and retrieved from multiple tables then special database
software are required known as Relational Database Management System.
Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL, FoxPro, and SQLite.
Explain in how many ways data can be organized?
Data can be organized into two types: • Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable
for less amount of data. • Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked
using a common field. Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data.
What are the advantage of database?
• Reduces Data Redundancy: there is no chance of encountering duplicate data in multiple
files in DBMS.
• Sharing of Data: Many remote users can also access the database simultaneously and
share the data between themselves.
• Data Security: Only authorised users should be allowed to access the database and their
identity should be authenticated using a username and password.
• Privacy: To secure data levels are set in the database and a user can only view the data
which is allowed to be seen.
• Backup and Recovery: DBMS automatically takes care of backup and recovery. Moreover,
it also restores the database after a crash or system failure to its previous condition.
• Data Consistency: any changes made to the database are immediately reflected to all the
users and there is no data inconsistency.
What are features of DBMS?
• A database can have one or many tables.
• Each table in a database contains information about one type of item
• record uniqueness: Uniqueness helps to avoid accidental duplication of records caused by
user or computer error. This can be achieved by using some number or value that
uniquely identifies a record (Primary Key)
 • Every database table should have one or more fields designated as key.
Define the following:
• Candidate key is a single key or a group of multiple keys that uniquely identify
rows in a table. Primary key +alternate key
• Primary Key (PK). A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.
• Composite Primary Key: When primary key constraint is applied on one or more columns
then it is known as Composite Primary Key.
• Alternate Key or Secondary Key is the key that has not been selected to be the
primary key, but are candidate keys
• the foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in one (referencing) table that
refers to a column or set of columns in another (referenced) table.
A primary key is used to assure the value in the particular column is unique. The foreign
key provides the link between the two tables.

DBMS terms
• Table is a collection of data organised in rows and columns.
A table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of vertical
columns (which are identified by their name) and horizontal rows.
• Columns or Fields or Attributes: A column is a set of data values of a particular simple
type, one for each row of the table . column is set of data of a particular type
• Rows or Records or Tuples: A row also called a Record or Tuple represents a single, data
item in a table. rows is a single group of related data
In how many ways , we can create a table in OO Base
There are different ways to create a table:
1. Create table in Design View
2. Use Wizard to Create Table
3. SQL

Data type

Alpha
Numeric Binary Date Other
Numeric

Stores Java
objects

What is binary data type?

Binary data types are used for storing data in binary formats. Binary data types in a database can
be using for storing photos, music files, etc.
What is the difference between Char and Varchar?
Char stores exactly the length specified by users. Pads with trailing spaces for shorter
strings.
Varchar stores up to the specified length. No Padding
Timestamp stores both date and time
Integer Data type: Tinyint, smallint, bigint , integer
Decimal Data type: Numeric decimal, real, float, double
Boolean data type stores two data true/ False or yes / No i.e. 0 / 1
What are the field properties of Numeric data type
The properties of numeric type data are
• AutoValue – if set to yes then field will get the auto numeric values.
• Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum
length.
• Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while
entering the values in the table.
• Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field
such as 91-222-333.
What are the field properties of AlphaNumeric data type
The properties of character type datare:
• Entry Required – if set to yes then it will be must to insert the value in the field which
means that field cannot be left blank.
• Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum
length.
• Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while
entering the values in the table.
• Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field
such as 91-222-333.

Define following
Sorting means to arrange the data in either ascending order of descending order.
Query is to collect specific information from the pool of data. A query helps us join information
from different tables and filter that information.
Filtering means that the query uses criteria you provide to hide some data and present only what
you want to see.
Form :A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an
interface in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in
database objects such as tables.
Reports: A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the
overall work outcome in a clear format. It is an excellent way to organize, analyse, and
present data in an easy-to-understand format.

What is a difference between Filtering and database?

Filtering enables to view the record satisfying specific criteria. filtering can be used in one
table but queries can be used in one or more table.
What do you mean by Referential Integrity? What things are avoided due to referential integrity
Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a relationship.
Referential integrity helps to avoid:
• Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key
table.
• Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
• Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in
associated table(s)
Why is relationship in tables helpful?
Relationships between tables helps to:
• Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
• Reduce data-entry errors.
• Summarize data from related tables.
What are the different types of relationship?
There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:
1. ONE to ONE : In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns

2. ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE : In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key
column. It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of
associated table.

3. MANY to MANY: In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies that all
the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of associated table.

What is the file extension for databases created using OpenOffice.Org Base?
.ODB

List any three file formats that can be managed using OpenOffice.Org Base?
.ODT, .ODS, .ODP
SQL (pronounced as “sequel”) or Structured Query Language. Query languages are computer
languages used to make queries into databases and information systems.
Queries are commands that are used to define the data structure and also to manipulate the data
in the database.
Data definition language (DDL) CREATE, ALTER, DROP
Data manipulation language (DML) SELECT, INSERT DELETE MODIFY
DCL – Data Control Language. GRANT REVOKE
TCL – Transaction Control Language START TRANSACTION COMMIT ROLLBACK
What is a Select statement?
A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database
views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used Data Manipulation
Language(DML) command.
The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:
• WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
• ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.
To retrieve all the columns in a table the syntax is:
SELECT * FROM TableName ;
In Base, simple calculations can be done on the data using arithmetic operators.
• Select “EmployeeID”, “FirstName”, “Salary” +1000 from “Employee”;
• Select “EmployeeID”, “FirstName”, “Salary” - 10000 from “Employee”;
• Select “EmployeeID”, “FirstName”, “Salary” * 2 from “Employee”;
Grouping of Data To display the records containing the same type of values “WHERE” clause can
be used with the Select SQL Command.
E.g. To get details about the list of students whose favorite color is blue, you can use:
• select * from SDetails where Color=’Blue’;
Sorting: Order By clause: To view records in ascending order of RollNo, from the table the select
statement will be:
select * from SDetails order by “Rollno” ASC;
SELECT * FROM Customers
ORDER BY Country DESC;
UPDATE statement Update statement is used for modifying records in a database.
e.g.
Update SDetails set Location = ‘Bhubaneswar’ where Rollno = 14;