Assigment IV
Real Analysis
MTH433A, 2024
Problem
(1) For f (x) = x 2 , find the lower Riemann sum L(Pn , f ) and upper
Riemann sum U(Pn , f ) for the partition
Pn : x0 = 0, x1 = 1/n, . . . , xn−1 = 1 − 1/n, xn = 1.
Find limn→∞ L(Pn , f ) and limn→∞ U(Pn , f ).
Solution. Note that U(Pm , f ) = m−1
P
i=0 Mi `(Ii ) =
1 Pm−1 2 1+22 +···+n2 (m+1)(2m+1)
i=0 xi+1 = = → 31 . Similarly,
m Pm−1 m3 6m2
L(Pm , f ) = i=0 mi `(Ii ) = m1 m−1 2 1
P
i=0 xi → 3 .
Problem
(2) Let χ[a,b] denote the function which is 1 on [a, b] and 0 outside
[a, b]. For a < c < d < b, compute the Riemann integral of
2χ[a,c] + 3χ[d,b] .
Solution. The integral of 2χ[a,c] + 3χ[d,b] is equal to
Rb Rb
2 a χ[a,c] (x)dx + 3 a χ[d,b] (x)dx. One may check by definition
Rb
(seen in the class) that a χ[a,c] (x)dx = c − a. It follows that the
integral is 2(c − a) + 3(b − d).
Problem
(3) Give an example of a bounded function f such that f 2 is
Riemann integrable but f is not Riemann integrable.
Solution. If f (x) = 1 on rationals and −1 on irrationals, then
f 2 (x) = 1, which is integrable. However, f is not integrable.
Problem
(4) True or False: There exists a continuous function
R1
f : [0, 1] → (0, 1) such that 0 f (x)dx = 0.
Solution. Let α = inf x∈[0,1] f (x). Since infimum is attained (since
f is continuous), α > 0. It follows that
R1 R1
0 f (x)dx ≥ 0 αdx = α > 0. So the statement is false.
Problem R1
1
(5) Show that limn→∞ ((1 + n1 )(1 + n2 ) · · · (1 + nn )) n = e 0 log(1+x)
.
1
Solution. Note that limn→∞ (f ( n1 )f ( n2 ) · · · f ( nn )) n =
1 )+log f ( 2 )+···+log f ( n )
log f ( n R1
n n log f (x)
limn→∞ e n =e 0 . Let now f (x) = 1 + x.
