Name ……………………………..………...…………. Index No……………………….…………….

School ………………………………………………... Candidate’s Signature ………………………

Date ………………...........................………..

233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
(THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

SET 6
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

INSTRUCTIONS:
 Write your name and index number in spaces provided above.
 Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum Score Candidates score
1 13
2 15
3 11
4 10
5 10
6 10
7 11

TOTAL SCORE 80

This paper consists of 13 printed pages.

Candidates should check to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing
1. The grid below represents the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters
do not represent the actual symbols of elements.
E F
The Examiner 1 SET 1
 G D K N
W T M
R Q Y

a) i) Which letter represents an element that is least reactive? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Why are elements D and Q referred to alkali earth metals? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) How does the atomic radius of W and T compare? Explain. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Select two letters representing elements that would react most explosively. (2 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Write the equation showing how Y forms its ion. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Write the formula of:-
i) Chloride of D. ( ½ mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Nitrate of W. ( ½ mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) What type of bonding exists between;
i) G and N. ( ½ mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) K and Y. ( ½ mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) Explain why melting point of Y is higher than N. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Examiner 2 SET 1

 h) The 1st, 2nd and 3rd ionization energies (in KJ/mol) of elements G and R are given below.
Element 1st I.E 2nd I.E 3rd I.E
G 520 7,300 9,500
R 420 3,100 4,800

i) Define the term ionization energy. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Apart from the decrease in energy levels, explain the big difference between 1 st and 2nd
ionization energies. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Calculate the amount of energy in KJ/mol for the process. (1 mark)
R(g) R3+(g) + 3e-
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. I. The scheme below shows some organic reactions. Study it carefully and answer the questions that
follow.

CH3 CH2 COOH NaOH(aq) CH3 CH2 COONa

The Examiner 3 SET 1
Reagent C
Step I
 a) Write the formula of compounds. (2 marks)
i) B
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) A
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the type of reaction, reagent and conditions for the reactions of the following steps.
i) Step 1: (2 marks)
Type…………………………………………………………………
Reagent
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Step 4: (2 marks)
Type…………………………………………………………………
Reagent
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Step 5: (2 marks)
Type…………………………………………………………………
Reagent

The Examiner 4 SET 1

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name reagent C.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Draw and name the structural formula of D. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Name the structure E. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) Give one property of compound B. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Polymers and fibres are either synthetic or natural.
i) Give two examples of synthetic fibres and polymers. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) A polymer is formed whose formula is;
H H

N (CH2)6 N C (CH2)4 C
n
O O
Draw the structural formula of the monomers. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

Step I
Air Nitrogen Hydrogen D

PURIFIER
The Examiner 5 SET 1
 COMPRESSOR

HEAT EXCHANGER

Step II
Catalytic chamber Aqueous Pb(NO3)2

Copper (II) oxide

Compound Step IV
W Heat Ammonia

Brown solid i) Oxygen catalyst

ii) Water

Nitric (V) acid Copper Solution K Step III

Brown Gas Brown
U Sulphur Fumes
solid V

a) Name the impurities removed by the purifier. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) What is the work of the heat exchanger? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Write down the chemical equation for the reaction taking place where Nitric (V) acid is formed.
(1
mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Name;
i) Compound W. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Substance U. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Examiner 6 SET 1

 iii) Gas V. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Write down the formula of compound P. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) Other than manufacture of ammonia write down one other use of Nitrogen. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) Calculate the mass of Nitrogen in 6.6g of Ammonium Sulphate. (H = 1, S = 32, O = 16). (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The diagram below represents a paper chromatogram of pure substances W, X, Y and Z.

a) Name A. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain why substance Y moves faster from origin than X. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Explain the observation made on substance Z in the chromatogram. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) The relationship between pressure and volume of a fixed mass of a gas was studied at 25 oC. The
data was recorded as shown in table below.
Volume (dm3) 0.5 1 2 3
Pressure (atmosphere) 6 3 1.5 1
Product of volume and pressure

The Examiner 7 SET 1

 i) Complete the table by calculating the products of volume and pressure. (2 marks)
ii) Using the data comment on the relationship between volume and pressure of fixed mass of
gas at constant temperature. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH1 = -393.5 Kj/mol-1
H2(g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O(g) ΔH2 = -285.8 Kj/mol-1
C2H5OH (l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ΔH3 = -1370 Kj/mol-1
i) Define the term heat of formation. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Calculate the heat of formation of ethanol. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. a) Sodium is extracted in the Downcell shown below.

Y
X

The Examiner 8 SET 1

 Circular steel
cathode

(-)
(-)

Cylindrical graphite
anode

(+)
i) Name Y. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Down’s cell must operate at high temperature of about 600oC. Explain. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Explain why anode is made of graphite instead of steel though it’s a better conductor. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) State the purpose of steel diaphragm. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) The set up below was used to prepare and collect dry sample of gas G. During the experiment,
cleaned magnesium ribbon was strongly heated before heating the wet glass wool.

The Examiner 9 SET 1

 i) Why was the magnesium ribbon cleaned before it was used? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) State the observations that would be noted in the reaction tube. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Name;
a) Gas G. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Suitable liquid L. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Write equation of reaction in the reaction tube. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I) Study the standard electrode potential below and answer the questions that follow.
The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
M2+(aq) + 2e- M(s) Eθ = -0.76V
N2+(aq) + 2e- N(s) Eθ = -2.37V
2P+ + 2e- 2P(s) Eθ = +0.80V
R2+ + 2e- R(s) Eθ = - 0.14V
a) The standard electrode potential of Fe2+ is -0.44 volts. Select the element which would be best to
protect iron from rusting. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i) Calculate the Eθ value for cell represented as M(s) / M2+(aq) // P+(aq) + P(s). (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Examiner 10 SET 1

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Draw the electrochemical cell represented in b(i) above. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II) The diagram below represents an experiment by a student.

Electrodes
A
B

Aqueous KCl(aq)

a) Name the products at the electrodes.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write equation of reaction at each electrode. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
III) During purification of copper by electrolysis, 1.48g of copper were deposited when a current was
passed through aqueous copper (II) sulphate for 2½ hours. Calculate the amount of current that was
passed. CU = 63.5 and 1 Faraday = 96500C. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. a) Define the term solubility. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Examiner 11 SET 1

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Temp oC 0 8 20 40 60 80
Solubility in g/100g of the H2O 254 225 140 80 25 10

i) Plot a graph of solubility in g/100g of water of copper (II) sulphate against temperature. (4 marks)

ii) From the graph,

a) How does the solubility of Copper (II) sulphate vary with temperature? (1 mark)

The Examiner 12 SET 1

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Determine solubility of Copper (II) sulphate in g/100g water at 35oC. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) If 30g of Copper (II) sulphate are dissolved in 100g of water at 30 oC, is the resulting solution
saturated, supersaturated or unsaturated. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) A saturated solution of copper (II) sulpahete is cooled from 70oC to 20oC.
a) Should the mass of copper (II) sulphate be reduced or increased for the solution to remain
saturated. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Determine the amount of mass in (iv) (a) above. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Examiner 13 SET 1