DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

EE 3602 – POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

UNIT I PERLIMINARIES ON POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
PART - A
1. What is the need for voltage regulation in power system?
2. What is the need for frequency regulation in power system?
3. What are the factors that affects the quality of power?
4. What is the objective of power system operation and control?
5. What are the plant level controls?
6. What are the system level controls?
7. What are the types of lad on power system?
8. What is load curve?
9. What is daily, Weekly, Annual load curve?
10.What is load duration curve?
11.Define load factor.
12.Define diversity factor.
13.Define spinning reserve.
14.Define Cold reserve.
15.Define hot reserve.
16.Define Maximum Demand.
17.Define demand factor.
18.What is plant use factor?
19.Define plant capacity factor?
20.Distinguish between load curve and load duration curve.
21.What is the need for load forecasting in a power system?
22.What are the advantages of computer control in power station? What are
the types of computer control?
PART - B
1. A generating station has the following daily load cycle:
Time (hours) 0-6 6-10 10-12 12-16 16-20 20-24
Load(MW) 20 25 30 25 35 20
Draw the Load curve and load duration curve and find
i. Maximum demand, ii. Units generated per day
iii. Average Load iv. Load Factor.
2. Explain the basic P-f and Q-V control loops in power system with
relevant block diagram.
3. What are the components of speed governor system of an alternator?
Derive a transfer function and sketch block diagram.
4. Explain plant level and system level controls in a power system.
5. Explain the different types of load forecasting methods in power system
operation.
UNIT II REAL POWER – FREQUENCY CONTROL
PART - A
1. What are the necessity for regulating system frequency?
2. What is the function of load frequency control?
3. How is real power in power system controlled?
4. What is meant by load frequency control?
5. Draw the model of LFC of single area system?
6. Define regulation.
7. List the components of speed governing mechanism.
8. State any two necessities to put alternators in parallel.
9. Give the conditions for proper synchronizing of alternators.
10. What is meant by control area?
11. What happens to frequency if the load on the generator increases?
12. Differentiate static and dynamic response of an AFRC loop?
13. Explain the principle of tie-line bias control.
14. What is area control error?
PART- B
1. Develop linear model for (load frequency control of) single area ALFC and
explain the static and dynamic analysis for controlled input.
2. Draw the transfer function block diagram for a two area system provided with
governor control and obtain the steady state frequency error following a step road
change in both the areas.
3. With a neat block diagram, explain the basics of speed governing mechanism and
modeling.
4. A two-area power system connected by a tie-line has the following parameters:

A load change of 80 MW occurs in area 1. Determine the steady state

frequency and the change in the tie-line flow.
UNIT III REACTIVE POWER – VOLTAGE CONTROL
PART A
1. What are the source of reactive power? How it controlled?
2. What is the use of off-load tap changer and TCUL?
3. What is exciter ceiling voltage?
4. What are the various function of an excitation system?
5. What are the different types of reactive power compensation?
 6. Mention the function of series compensation.
7. Comment on the use of series capacitors in transmission line.
8. State the main objectives of reactive power and voltage control in power system.
9. Sketch the V-I characteristics of SVC?
10.Mention the different types of excitation system used in power system.
11.What are the different types of Static VA R Compensator?
12.Compare series and shunt capacitors.
13.What are the various methods of voltage control in transmission system?
14.List the various components in AVR loop.
15.Distinguish between on-load and off-load tap changing.
16.Define “booster transformer”.
17.What are the properties of static compensators?
PART-B
1. What are the various functions of excitation systems? Explain each
type briefly.
2. Derive the transfer function model of different excitation systems with
a neat block diagram. Explain the static and dynamic response.
3. Explain the methods of voltage control in power system.
(a) Tap changing transformer
(b) Static VAR compensators
(c) FC-TCR and TSC-TCR
(d) STATCOM
UNIT IV ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEM
PART A
1. What are the techniques available for the solution of unit commitment problem?
2. What are the constraints in unit commitment?
3. Define incremental cost in power dispatch?
4. What is blackout in power grid?
 5. Outline the role of synchronous generators adopted for generation and
absorption of reactive power?
6. Write the coordination equation taking the effect of transmission losses.
7. Write about the term incremental operating cost of a power system.
8. State the assumptions made in economic dispatch.
9. What are cold reserves and hot reserves?
10.What is meant by incremental cost curve?
11.Compare unit commitment and economic dispatch.
12.Define spinning reserve constraint in unit commitment problem.
13.What is the significance of unit commitment?
PART-B
1. State the unit commitment problem. With the help of a flow chart,

explain the solution method of unit commitment problem.

2. Explain the economic dispatch without losses with a neat flowchart.

3. Explain the economic dispatch including losses with a neat flowchart.

UNIT V COMPUTER CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS

PART A
1. What is SCADA?
2. What are the function of SCADA?
3. What are the major functions that are carried out in an operational control
Centre?
4. Define energy control center.
5. Define state estimation.
6. What are the function of load dispatch Centre?
7. List out the conditions for normal operation of a power system.
8. Draw the block diagram of PMU with details.
9. What are the different operating states of a power system?
 10.What are the functions of EMS?
11.Write the principle of operation of PMU.
12.State the weighted least square criterion.
13.List the basic functions or role of EMS.
14.Last out the some advantages of computer control.

PART-B
1. Explain the role of energy control centre in the modern power system

with a neat block diagram.

2. Draw the block diagram to show the hardware configuration of a

SCADA system and explain the application of SCADA in monitoring

and control of power system.
3. What is energy management system (EMS)? What are its major

functions in power system and control?

4. Draw and explain the state transition diagram of a power system

showing different sets of operating states classified according to

security level.