Advance Montessori Education Center of Isabela, Inc.

Maligaya, Tumauini, Isabela

Email: [email protected]

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION, AND IMMERSION

LESSON 4: FINDING THE ANSWERS TO THE RESEARCH

QUESTION

This module has two lesson lessons in qualitative data analysis:

• Data Analysis method
• Interpretation of Data

What you are expected to learn?

After going completed this module, you are able and expected to gather analyze data with intellectual
honesty using suitable techniques.

The following terms will be encountered in the lesson:

• Research data- is any information that has been collected, observed, generated, or created to validate
a research study.

• Data analysis- a process that involves examining, and molding collected data for interpretation to
discover relevant information, draw or propose conclusions, and support decision-making to solve a
research problem.

• Data Interpretation- is the process of making sense of numerical data that has been collected,
analyzed, and presented.

• A Conceptual framework is an analytical tool that is used to get a comprehensive understanding of a

phenomenon. It can be in different fields of work and is most commonly used to visually explain the
key concepts or variables and the relationships between them that need to be studied.

Interpretation and Data Analysis.

 What is Data Analysis in Research?

Data analysis is a way of simplifying numerous and wordy data to a meaningful story and interpreting it to arrive
at an insight to behold. It is a process of converting a multitude of data into a smaller group of sensible data.

 Data analysis in qualitative and quantitative research

Qualitative data analysis usually involves texts, phrases, images, objects, and sometimes symbols. Some details
in this part have been discussed in your Practical Research 1.
On the other hand, quantitative data analysis involves numbers and statistics. Statistical analysis is the core of
quantitative analysis. It deals with basic calculations including average and median to more sophisticated
analyzes like correlations and regressions.
While descriptive statistics gives details on your specific data set, inferential statistics aim to make inferences
about the population. It makes two common times of predictions. One is prediction between groups, for example,
weight differences between learners grouped according to their favorite meal. The second is relationships
between variables. For example, the relationship between body weight and the number of hours a week a person
does Zumba dance. In other words, inferential statistics allows you to connect the dots and make predictions
based on what you observe in your sample data.

A. Define the following Common Inferential Methods

1. T-Tests
2. ANOVA
3. Correlation Analysis
4. Regression Analysis

B. Direction: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write and explain your answer on your answer sheet.
1. What type of data analysis did you use in your research paper?
2. Identify the methods that you used in analyzing your paper.
3. Whether your research used qualitative data analysis or quantitative data analysis, present the process of
analyzing you did.

EXAMPLES: Suppose a study is conducted to one of the companies in El Salvador City Misamis Oriental to
determine the factors affecting customer preferences among the residence of one barangay of El Salvador City
ages 22 to 60 years old. The following data were given.

Interpretation of Data (Table 1)

Table 1 reveals that 45.33 percent of the respondents are in the age bracket of 21- 30 years old compared to only
9.3 percent in ages 51 – 61 years old and above and 21.33 percent belonged to the 31- 40 age range. This age
profile is important as it also reflects the current age demographic for the Filipinos according to Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA). There is a much younger age cohort of teachers entering the workforce. There is a
much younger cohort who has the capacity to purchase products and services

Activity 1. Let’s try this!

1. Supposes a study is conducted to one of the stores in your barangay to determine the factors affecting
customer preferences among the residences ages 22 to 60 years old. The following data were given.
Kindly give your interpretation of the given data in table 3. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

2. Suppose you want to sell your product to one of the school canteens of El Salvador City thus you conducted a
study to one of the schools in El Salvador City Misamis Oriental to determine the factors affecting consumer
preferences of the student’s ages 16 to 19 years old. The following data were given.

Kindly write your interpretation, based on the data given in table 4. Remember to write first the comparison and
contrast of the data given, and its implication to the study.

3. The same research study given in activity 2 was conducted. The following data were given below.

Kindly write your interpretation, based on the data given in table 2.

 Planning Data Collection Procedure

Quantitative Data

Generally, data are any pieces of information or facts that people have known. Once these
data answer the research problem, it becomes helpful to research. When research data appears to be
measurable in the numerical form, it is considered quantitative data. However, some qualitative data
can also be useful to quantitative research once it is given a numerical value. For example, if you
study about adjustment experiences of students to distant learning, if it is categorized and numbered
accordingly, then it can be quantified during analysis.

Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data

The following are the common quantitative data gathering technique. Each technique
corresponds to specific instrument which will be further discussed in Module 5.

Observation. It is gathering information about a certain condition by using senses. The

researcher records the observation as seen and heard. This is done by direct observation or indirect
observation using gadgets or apparatus. An observation checklist aids the researcher in recording the
data gathered.

Survey. Data gathering is done through interview or questionnaire. By means of

questionnaire you use series of questions or statements that respondents will have to answer.
Basically, respondents write or choose their answer from given choices. On the other hand, interview
is when you ask respondents orally to tell you the responses. Since you are doing quantitative
research, it is expected that responses have numerical value either it is nominal or ordinal in form.

Experiment. When your study is an experimental design, it was already discussed in the
previous lesson that it would use treatment or intervention. After the chosen subjects, participants, or
respondents undergone the intervention, the effects of such treatment will be measured.
Activity 1: What’s the Procedure

Looking at the flowchart of the data gathering procedure, what do you think is the
research design of the study?

Before During After

• Seek permission from

• Provide intructions • Encode the data
school principal of to respondents gathered
students
• Administer • Analyze the data
• Develop research
the
questionnaire questionnaire
• Determine sample size
through stratified
random technique

Three Phases in Data Collection

In doing research, data collection is a major component of research. Neglecting to clarify the
collection procedure would result in acquiring inaccurate data that will make you research study
invalid. Hence, the data collection procedure is given meticulous attention to gather appropriate data.
You are making sure that data you will gather answers to your research questions.

The data gathering procedure is presented in a paragraph format in your research paper.
Basically, the contents are the steps you are going to follow: (1) before you will gather the data, (2)
what to do during the actual gathering of data, and (3) the things to consider after data has been
gathered. The following are the suggested steps but not limited to it, are the procedures in gathering
quantitative data.

Before During After

• Prepare the research • Clear the • Summarize the

instruments instructions provided data gathered, in a
• Identify the authorities to the respondents. tabular form
that will be involved and • Administer the • Analyze the
need to ask permission research instrument or summarize data
• Determine the samples implement the research corresponding to the
size and corresponding intervention, if applicable. research qu
respondents; per group if • Collect or gather or
applicable. take note of the responses.
• Ask consent form (if
respondents are 18
years old above) or
parent's consent (if
minor).
• Pilot test the research
instrument if needed.

Activity 2. Arrange your Steps

 Directions: Arrange the following steps in data gathering into their correct sequence, 1 as being the
first step, and 10 as the last step.

Order Steps
The respondents will have a chance to have a look at the performance tasks.
Each of the participants will be interviewed for individual filling out of the personal
background of media literacy information.
The researcher will meet the participants eight times in a four-month data
gathering period.
The participants will answer the learning activity sheet (LAS) after practicing the new
approach.
The data collection in each group will be supervised by two experienced Information
Technology teachers to ensure proper implementation of the intervention.

The participants will read example situations about media literacy that are not familiar
to them.
The new approach in assessing the performance tasks of learners will be
implemented.
The list of performance tasks and assessment tools will be prepared.
The media literacy summative test will be administered after the implementation of the
new approach in assessing performance tasks.
The test results will be encoded for summary and will be analyzed.

What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.

1. This time, I have learned that quantitative data…

2. Techniques in quantitative data gathering help to…

3. In planning my data gathering procedure, I need to consider…

NOTE: For further clarification/s about the lesson, you can contact the teacher through his Facebook account,
www.facebook.com/godfrey.bartolome. The teacher will only entertain questions from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm.
Questions beyond the said time will be entertained the next day.

Prepared by:

GODFREY M. BARTOLOME
Subject Teacher