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Python Basics Guide

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Python Basics Guide

Uploaded by

k245004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Basics: Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Formatted Input/Output, and If-Els

1. List
A list is an ordered, mutable collection of items, and it allows duplicates. Lists are defined by square

brackets [].

Basic Operations:

- Creating a List: my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

- Accessing Items: print(my_list[0]) # Outputs: 1

- Modifying Items: my_list[2] = 10 # Changes the third item to 10

- Appending and Removing Items:

my_list.append(6) # Adds 6 to the end

my_list.remove(4) # Removes the first occurrence of 4

Useful Functions:

- len(my_list) - Returns the number of items

- sorted(my_list) - Returns a sorted version of the list

- my_list.pop() - Removes the last item and returns it

2. Tuple
A tuple is an ordered, immutable collection. Tuples are defined by parentheses () and are often used

for storing multiple items that should not change.

Basic Operations:

- Creating a Tuple: my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)

- Accessing Items: print(my_tuple[1]) # Outputs: 2

- Tuple Unpacking:
a, b, c = my_tuple

print(a, b, c) # Outputs: 1 2 3

Useful Functions:

- len(my_tuple) - Returns the length

- my_tuple.count(2) - Counts occurrences of an item

- my_tuple.index(3) - Returns the index of the first occurrence of 3

3. Dictionary
A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. It is unordered, mutable, and defined with curly braces

{}. Each key must be unique.

Basic Operations:

- Creating a Dictionary: my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

- Accessing and Modifying Items: print(my_dict["name"]) # Outputs: Alice

- Adding and Removing Items:

my_dict["city"] = "New York" # Adds a new key-value pair

del my_dict["name"] # Deletes the 'name' key

Useful Functions:

- my_dict.keys() - Returns all keys

- my_dict.values() - Returns all values

- my_dict.items() - Returns all key-value pairs

4. Formatted Input and Output


Basic Input:

- Taking Input: name = input("Enter your name: ")


- Converting Input: age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

Formatted Output with `print`:

- Basic Formatting: print("Hello, {}. You are {} years old.".format(name, age))

- f-Strings: print(f"Hello, {name}. You are {age} years old.")

Common Formatting Functions:

- Formatting Numbers: number = 123.45678, print(f"{number:.2f}") # Outputs: 123.46

- Padding and Alignment: print(f"{name:<10}") # Left-aligns name in a 10-character field

5. if else Statement
The `if else` statement allows for conditional execution based on whether a condition is `True` or

`False`.

Basic Structure:

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:

print("You are eligible to vote.")

else:

print("You are not eligible to vote.")

if elif else Chain:

score = int(input("Enter your score: "))

if score >= 90:

print("Grade: A")

elif score >= 80:

print("Grade: B")
elif score >= 70:

print("Grade: C")

else:

print("Grade: F")

Nested if Statements:

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

is_student = input("Are you a student? (yes/no): ")

if age < 18:

if is_student == "yes":

print("You are a minor student.")

else:

print("You are a minor.")

else:

print("You are an adult.")

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