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vi CONTENTS

613 Appendixes

A United States Customary and Metric Units of Measure / 613

B Principles of Plane Geometry / 615
C Formulas for Areas (A) of Plane Figures / 617
D Formulas for Volumes (V ) of Solid Figures / 618
E Trigonometry / 619

621 Answers to Odd-Numbered Applications

655 Index

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
PREFACE

“I can’t think of any job in my sheet metal fabrication company where math is not
important. If you work in a manufacturing facility, you use math every day; you
need to compute angles and understand what happens to a piece of metal when it’s
bent to a certain angle.”1
Traci Tapani, Wyoming Machine

Mathematics for Machine Technology is written to overcome the often mechanical “plug in”
approach found in many trade-related mathematics textbooks. An understanding of mathe-
matical concepts is stressed in all topics ranging from general arithmetic processes to oblique
trigonometry, compound angles, and numerical control.
Both content and method are those that have been used by the authors in teaching ap-
plied machine technology mathematics classes for apprentices in machine, tool-and-die, and
tool design occupations. Each unit is developed as a learning experience based on preceding
units—making prerequisites unnecessary.
Presentation of basic concepts is accompanied by realistic industry-related examples and
actual industrial applications. The applications progress from the simple to those with solu-
tions that are relatively complex. Many problems require the student to work with illustra-
tions such as are found in machine technology handbooks and engineering drawings.
Great care has been taken in presenting explanations clearly and in providing easy-to-
follow procedural steps in solving exercise and problem examples. The book contains a suffi-
cient number of exercises and problems to permit the instructor to selectively plan assignments.
An analytical approach to problem solving is emphasized in the geometry, trigonometry,
compound angle, and numerical control sections. This approach is necessary in actual practice
in translating engineering drawing dimensions to machine working dimensions. Integration of
algebraic and geometric principles with trigonometry by careful sequence and treatment of ma-
terial also helps the student in solving industrial applications. The Instructor’s Guide provides
answers and solutions for all problems.
A majority of instructors state that their students are required to perform basic arithme-
tic operations on fractions and decimals prior to calculator usage. Thereafter, the students
use the calculator almost exclusively in problem-solving computations. The structuring of
calculator instructions and examples in this text reflects the instructors’ preferences. Calcu-
lator instructions and examples have been updated and greatly expanded in this edition. The
scientific calculator is introduced in the Preface. Extensive calculator instruction and exam-
ples are given directly following the units on fractions and mixed numbers and the units on
decimals. Further calculator instruction and examples are given throughout the text wher-
ever calculator applications are appropriate to the material presented. A Calculator Applica-
tions Index is provided at the end of the Preface. It provides a convenient reference for all the
material in the text for which calculator usage is presented. Often there are differences in the
1
Source: Thomas Friedman, “If You’ve Got the Skills, She’s Got the Job” New York Times, November 17, 2012, accessed
November 18, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/opinion/sunday/Friedman-You-Got-the-Skills.html
vii

methods of computation among various makes and models of calculators. Where there are
two basic ways of performing calculations, both ways are shown.
Changes from the previous edition have been made to improve the presentation of topics
and to update material.
A survey of instructors using the sixth edition was conducted. Based on their comments
and suggestions, changes were made. The result is an updated and improved seventh edition
that includes the following revisions:
Three major changes were made in this edition.
The United States is the only major industrial country in the world that does not use
the metric system. We need to acquaint our students with the prevailing system in the
rest of the world. This is particularly true if we want to market our machined products
outside the United States. To meet this challenge, a unit was added on metric calipers
and height gages and a unit was added on metric micrometers.
Electronic digital instruments are replacing hand-read/analog instruments. Two units
were added to acquaint student with using electronic digital instruments. One unit was
added on digital calipers and height gages and a unit was added on digital micrometers.
Students have a tendency to forget a concept if it is not used frequently. To help students
retain an idea most sets of applications begin with six “Tooling Up” exercises that use
concepts from earlier units. These “Tooling Up” exercises are in each unit except for
Unit 1 and the nine Achievement Review units at the end of each section.

About the Authors

John C. Peterson is a retired professor of mathematics at Chattanooga State Technical
Community College, Chattanooga, Tennessee. Before he began teaching, he worked on sev-
eral assembly lines in industry. He has taught at the middle school, high school, two-year
college, and university levels. Dr. Peterson is the author or coauthor of four other Cengage
Learning books: Introductory Technical Mathematics (with Robert D. Smith), Technical
Mathematics, Technical Mathematics with Calculus, and Math for the Automotive Trade
(with William J. deKryger). In addition, he has had over 80 papers published in various jour-
nals, has given over 200 presentations, and has served as a vice president of the American
Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges.
Robert D. Smith was Associate Professor Emeritus of Industrial Technology at Central
Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut. Mr. Smith had experience in the
manufacturing industry as tool designer, quality control engineer, and chief manufacturing
engineer. He also taught applied mathematics, physics, and industrial materials and pro-
cesses on the secondary technical school level and machine technology applied mathematics
for apprentices in machine, tool-and-die, and tool design occupations. He was the author of
Technical Mathematics 4e, also published by Cengage Learning.

Acknowledgments
The publisher wishes to acknowledge the following instructors for their detailed reviews of
this text:
Dan Taylor
Orange Coast College
Costa Mesa, California
Edwin Thomas
Central Carolina Community College
Sanford, North Carolina
In addition, the publisher and author acknowledge Linda Willey for her tireless commitment
to the technical review of the text, examples, applications, answers, and solutions.

Introduction to the Scientific Calculator

A scientific calculator is to be used in conjunction with the material presented in this text-
book. Complex mathematical calculations can be made quickly, accurately, and easily with a
scientific calculator.
Although most functions are performed in the same way, there are some variations among
different makes and models of scientific calculators. In this book, generally, where there are
two basic ways of performing a function, or sequencing, both ways are shown. However, not
all of the differences among the various makes and models of calculators can be shown. It is
very important that you become familiar with the operation of your scientific calculator. An
owner’s manual or user’s guide is included with the purchase of a scientific calculator; it ex-
plains the essential features and keys of the specific calculator, as well as providing informa-
tion on the proper use. It is important that the owner’s manual or user’s guide be studied and
referred to whenever there is a question regarding calculator usage. Also, information can be
obtained from the manufacturer’s Internet website, which is often listed in the user’s guide.
For use in this textbook, examples are shown and problems are solved with calculators
having EOSTM (Equation Operating System), V.P.A.M. (Visually Perfect Algebraic Meth-
od), or D.A.L. (Direct Algebraic Logic). Key operations are performed following the math-
ematical expressions exactly as they are written.
Most scientific calculator keys can perform more than one function. Depending on the
calculator, generally the 2nd key or SHIFT key enable you to use alternate functions. The
alternate functions are marked above the key. Alternate functions are shown and explained
in the book where their applications are appropriate to specific content.

Decisions Regarding Calculator Use

The exercises and problems presented throughout the text are well suited for solutions us-
ing a calculator. However, it is felt that decisions regarding calculator usage should be left
to the discretion of the course classroom or shop instructor. The instructor best knows the
unique learning environment and objectives to be achieved by the students in a course.
Judgments should be made by the instructor as to the degree of emphasis to be placed on
calculator applications, when and where a calculator is to be used, and the selection of
specific problems for solution by calculator. Therefore, exercises and problems in this text
are not specifically identified as calculator applications.
Calculator instruction and examples of the basic operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of fractions are presented in Unit 7. They are presented for deci-
mals in Unit 16. Further calculator instruction and examples of mathematics operations and
functions are given throughout the text wherever calculator applications are appropriate to
the material presented.
The index that follows lists the mathematics operations or functions and the pages on
which the calculator instruction is first given for the operations or functions. It provides a
convenient reference for all material in the text for which calculator usage is presented. The
operations and functions are listed in the order in which material is presented in the text.

Used with permission of Texas Instruments, http://education.ti.com

Casio FX-115W, S-V.P.A.M. Texas Instruments Tl-30XIIB Sharp EL-506W, advanced D.A.L.

Calculator Application Index

Operations/Functions Page
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and divisions of fractions
and mixed numbers 39–41
Combined arithmetic operations of fractions and mixed numbers 41–43
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimals 89–90
Powers of positive numbers (square key, universal power key) 90
Roots of positive numbers (square root key, root key) 90–91
Combined operations of decimals 91–93
Pi key 212
Negative numbers (negative key) 220
Powers of negative numbers and negative exponents 223–224
Roots of negative numbers 224
Fractional exponents (positive and negative) 224–225
Combined operations of signed numbers 225
Scientific notation (scientific notation key, exponent entry key) 244–245
Decimal-degrees and degrees, minutes, seconds conversion 315–316
Arithmetic operations with degrees, minutes, seconds 316–319
Sine, cosine, tangent functions 456
Cosecant, secant, cotangent functions 457
Angles of given functions (inverse functions) 457–458
Functions of angles greater than 90° 501–503

and Decimal
Fractions

Introduction to Common Fractions

UNIT 1 and Mixed Numbers
Objectives After studying this unit you should be able to
●● Express fractions in lowest terms.
●● Express fractions as equivalent fractions.
●● Express mixed numbers as improper fractions.
●● Express improper fractions as mixed numbers.

Most measurements and calculations made by a machinist are not limited to whole numbers.
Dimensions are sometimes given as fractions and certain measuring tools are graduated in fractional
units. The machinist must be able to make calculations using fractions and to measure fractional values.

Fractional Parts
A fraction is a value that shows the number of equal parts taken of a whole quantity or unit.
The symbols used to indicate a fraction are the bar (—) and the slash ( / ).
Line segment AB as shown in Figure 1-1 is divided into 4 equal parts.
1 part 1 part 1
1 part 5 5 5 of the length of the line segment.
total parts 4 parts 4
2 parts 2 parts 2
2 parts 5 5 5 of the length of the line segment.
total parts 4 parts 4
3 parts 3 parts 3
3 parts 5 5 5 of the length of the line segment.
total parts 4 parts 4
4 parts 4 parts 4
4 parts 5 5 5 5 1, or unity (four parts make up the whole).
total parts 4 parts 4
1

4
4
= 1 OR UNITY (4 OF 4 PARTS)

3
4
(3 OF 4 PARTS)

2
4
(2 OF 4 PARTS)

1
4
(1 OF 4 PARTS)

A B

Figure 1-1

Each of the 4 equal parts of the line segment AB in Figure 1-2 is divided into eight equal
parts. There is a total of 4 3 8, or 32, parts.

1 32
1 part = of the total length. 32 = 1 OR UNITY (32 OF 32 PARTS)
32
23
32
(23 OF 32 PARTS)
7 12
7 parts = 32 of the total length. (12 OF 32 PARTS)
32

7
32
12 parts =
12
of the total length. (7 OF 32 PARTS)
32
1
32

23
(1 OF 32
23 parts = 32 of the total length. PARTS)
A B

32
32 parts = 32 of the total length. 1 1 1
2 OF 32 = 64

8 1
1 1 1 1 32
OR 4
2 of 1 part = 2 3 32 = 64 of the total length.

Figure 1-2

8 1
Note: 8 parts 5
32
of the total length and also of the total length.
4
8 1
Therefore, 5 .
32 4

Definitions of Fractions
A fraction is a value that shows the number of equal parts taken of a whole quantity or unit.
3 5 99 17
Some examples of fractions are , , , and . These same fractions written with a
4 8 100 12
slash are 3@4, 5@8, 99@100, and 17@12.
The denominator of a fraction is the number that shows how many equal parts are in the
whole quantity. The denominator is written below the bar.
The numerator of a fraction is the number that shows how many equal parts of the whole
are taken. The numerator is written above the bar.
The numerator and denominator are called the terms of the fraction.
3 d numerator
4 d denominator

5 3 13
A common fraction consists of two whole numbers. , , and are all examples of com-
5 7 4
mon fractions.
A proper fraction has a numerator that is smaller than its denominator. Examples of proper
3 5 91 247
fractions are , , , and .
4 11 92 961
An improper fraction is a fraction in which the numerator is larger than or equal to the
3 5 11 6 17
denominator, as in , , , , .
2 4 8 6 17 7 1
A mixed number is a number composed of a whole number and a fraction, as in 3 , 7 .
8 2
7 7 1 1
Note: 3 means 3 1 It is read as three and seven-eighths. 7 means 7 1 . It is
8 8 2 2
read as seven and one-half.
Writing fractions with a slash can cause people to misread a number. For example, some
11 1
people might think that 11@4 means 11@4 5 rather than 1 . For this reason, the slash nota-
4 4
tion for fractions will not be used in this book.
A complex fraction is a fraction in which one or both of the terms are fractions or mixed
3 3 7 1
4 32 8 4 16 4 4
numbers, as in , 15 , , 2 , 5 .
6 4 3 25 78

Expressing Fractions as Equivalent Fractions

The numerator and denominator of a fraction can be multiplied or divided by the same num-
1 134 4
ber without changing the value. For example, 5 5 . Both the numerator and de-
2 234 8
1 4
nominator are multiplied by 4. Because and have the same value, they are equivalent.
2 8
8 844 2 8 2
Also, 5 5 . Both numerator and denominator are divided by 4. Since and
12 12 4 4 3 12 3
have the same value, they are equivalent. Equivalent fractions are necessary for comparing
two fractions or for addition and subtraction of fractions.
A fraction is in its lowest terms when the numerator and denominator do not contain a
5 7 3 11 15 9
common factor, as in , , , , , . Factors are the numbers used in multiplying. For
9 8 4 12 32 11
example, 2 and 5 are each factors of 10; 2 3 5 5 10. Expressing a fraction in lowest terms is
often called reducing a fraction to lowest terms.

c Procedure To reduce a fraction to lowest terms

●● Divide both numerator and denominator by the greatest common factor (GCF).
12
Example Reduce to lowest terms.
42
12 4 2 6
Both terms can be divided by 2. 5
42 4 2 21

Note: The fraction is reduced, but not to lowest terms.

6
Further reduce .
21 643 2
Both terms can be divided by 3. 5 Ans
21 4 3 7

2 12
Note: The value
7
may be obtained in one step if each term of
42
is divided by
2 3 3, or 6. Six is the greatest common factor (GCF).

12 4 6 2
5 Ans
42 4 6 7

c Procedure To express a fraction as an equivalent fraction with an indicated

denominator that is larger than the denominator of the fraction
●● Divide the indicated denominator by the denominator of the fraction.
●● Multiply both the numerator and denominator of the fraction by the value obtained.

3
Example Express as an equivalent fraction with 12 as the denominator.
4
Divide 12 by 4. 12 4 4 5 3
333 9
Multiply both 3 and 4 by 3. 5 Ans
4 3 3 12

Expressing Mixed Numbers as Improper Fractions

c Procedure To express a mixed number as an improper fraction

●● Multiply the whole number by the denominator.
●● Add the numerator to obtain the numerator of the improper fraction.
●● The denominator is the same as that of the original fraction.

1
Example 1 Express 4 as an improper fraction.
2
Multiply the whole number by the denominator.
Add the numerator to obtain the numerator for the improper fraction.
The denominator is the same as that of the original fraction.
43211 9
5 Ans
2 2
3
Example 2 Express 12 as an improper fraction.
16
12 3 16 1 3 195
5 Ans
16 16

Expressing Improper Fractions as Mixed Numbers

c Procedure To express an improper fraction as a mixed number

●● Divide the numerator by the denominator.
●● Express the remainder as a fraction.

Examples Express the following improper fractions as mixed numbers.

11 3
5 11 4 4 5 2 Ans
4 4
43 1
5 43 4 3 5 14 Ans
3 3
931 3
5 931 4 8 5 116 Ans
8 8

Application
Fractional Parts
1. Write the fractional part that each length, A through F, represents of the total shown on
the scale in Figure 1-3.
A5
B5
A C5
B
C D5
D
E E5
F
F5
Figure 1-3

2. A welded support base is cut into four pieces as shown in Figure 1-4. What fractional part
of the total length does each of the four pieces represent? All dimensions are in inches.

Piece 1:
4
3 Piece 2:
2
1
Piece 3:
4
Piece 4:
12
16 64

Figure 1-4

3. The circle in Figure 1-5 is divided into equal parts. Write the fractional part represented
by each of the following:
a. 1 part 1
g. of 1 part
b. 3 parts 3
3
c. 7 parts h. of 1 part
4
d. 5 parts 1
i. of 1 part
e. 16 parts 10
1 1 Figure 1-5
f. of 1 part j. of 1 part
2 16

Expressing Fractions as Equivalent Fractions

4. Reduce to halves.
4 25
a. e.
8 10
9 18
b. f.
18 12
100 126
c. g.
200 36
121 225
d. h.
242 50

5. Reduce to lowest terms.

6 14
a. f.
8 6
12 24
b. g.
4 8
6 65
c. h.
10 15
30 25
d. i.
5 150
11 14
e. j.
44 105
6. Express as thirty-seconds.
1 21
a. e.
4 16
3 19
b. f.
4 2
11 197
c. g.
8 16
7 21
d. h.
16 8
7. Express as equivalent fractions as indicated.
3 ? 14 ?
a. 5 f. 5
4 8 3 18
7 ? 7 ?
b. 5 g. 5
12 36 16 128
6 ? 13 ?
c. 5 h. 5
15 60 8 48
17 ? 21 ?
d. 5 i. 5
14 42 16 160
20 ?
e. 5
9 45

Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions

8. Express the following mixed numbers as improper fractions.
2 1
a. 2 g. 10
3 3
7 4
b. 1 h. 9
8 5
2 1
c. 5 i. 100
5 2
3 63
d. 3 j. 4
8 64
9 3
e. 5 k. 49
32 8
3 13
f. 8 l. 408
7 16

9. Express the following improper fractions as mixed numbers.

5 127
a. g.
3 32
21 57
b. h.
2 15
9 150
c. i.
8 9
87 235
d. j.
4 16
72 514
e. k.
9 4
127 401
f. l.
124 64

10. Express the following mixed numbers as improper fractions. Then express the
improper fractions as the equivalent fractions indicated.
1 ? 2 ?
a. 2 5 d. 12 5
2 8 3 18
3 ? 7 ?
b. 3 5 e. 9 5
8 16 8 64
4 ? 1 ?
c. 7 5 f. 15 5
5 15 2 128

11. Sketch and redimension the plate shown in Figure 1-6. Reduce all proper fractions to
lowest terms. Reduce all improper fractions to lowest terms and express as mixed
numbers. All dimensions are in inches.

9
4

40
32
37
32 DIA

56 44
64 64

156
128

65
32

11
8

18
32

4 70
8 64 24
22 64
DIA 3 HOLES
16
104
32

Figure 1-6

Addition of Common Fractions

UNIT 2 and Mixed Numbers
Objectives After studying this unit you should be able to
●● Determine lowest common denominators.
●● Express fractions as equivalent fractions having lowest common denominators.
●● Add fractions and mixed numbers.

A machinist must be able to add fractions and mixed numbers in order to determine the length of stock
required for a job, the distances between various parts of a machined piece, and the depth of holes and
cutouts in a workpiece.

Lowest Common Denominators

Fractions cannot be added unless they have a common denominator. Common denominator
5 7 15
means that the denominators of each of the fractions are the same, as in , , .
8 8 8
3 1 7
In order to add fractions that do not have common denominators, such as 1 1 , it
8 4 16
is necessary to change to equivalent fractions with common denominators. Multiplying the
denominators does give a common denominator, but it could be a very large number. We
often find it easier to determine the lowest common denominator.
The lowest common denominator is the smallest denominator that is evenly divisible by
each of the denominators of the fractions being added. Stated in another way, the lowest
common denominator is the smallest denominator into which each denominator can be divided
without leaving a remainder.

c Procedure To find the lowest common denominator

●● Determine the smallest number into which all denominators can be divided without
leaving a remainder.
●● Use this number as a common denominator.
3 1 7
Example 1 Find the lowest common denominator of , , and .
8 4 16
The smallest number into which 8, 4, and 16 can be divided without leaving a remainder is 16.
Write 16 as the lowest common denominator.
3 1 7 5
Example 2 Find the lowest common denominator of , , , and .
4 3 8 12
The smallest number into which 4, 3, 8, and 12 can be divided is 24.
The lowest common denominator is 24.

Note: In this example, denominators such as 48, 72, and 96 are common denomi-
nators because 4, 3, 8, and 12 divide evenly into these numbers, but they are not the
lowest common denominators.
Although any common denominator can be used when adding fractions, it is generally
easier and faster to use the lowest common denominator.

Expressing Fractions as Equivalent Fractions

with the Lowest Common Denominator

c Procedure To change fractions into equivalent fractions having the lowest

common denominator
●● Divide the lowest common denominator by each denominator.
●● Multiply both the numerator and denominator of each fraction by the value obtained.

2 7 1
Example 1 Express , , and as equivalent fractions having a lowest common
3 15 2
denominator.
2 3 10 20
The lowest common denominator is 30. 30 4 3 5 10; 5 Ans
3 3 10 30
732 14
Divide 30 by each denominator. 30 4 15 5 2; 5 Ans
15 3 2 30
Multiply each term of the fraction
1 3 15 15
by the value obtained. 30 4 2 5 15; 5 Ans
2 3 15 30
5 15 3 9
Example 2 Change , , , and to equivalent fractions having a lowest
8 32 4 16
common denominator.
The lowest common denominator is 32.
5 3 4 20 3 3 8 24
32 4 8 5 4; 5 Ans 32 4 4 5 8; 5 Ans
8 3 4 32 4 3 8 32
15 3 1 15 932 18
32 4 32 5 1; 5 Ans 32 4 16 5 2; 5 Ans
32 3 1 32 16 3 2 32

Adding Fractions

c Procedure To add fractions

●● Express the fractions as equivalent fractions having the lowest common denominator.
●● Add the numerators and write their sum over the lowest common denominator.
●● Express an improper fraction as a mixed number when necessary and reduce the frac-
tional part to lowest terms.

1 3 7 5
Example 1 Add 1 1 1 .
2 5 10 6
Express the fractions as equivalent fractions
1 15
with 30 as the denominator. 5
2 30
3 18
5
5 30
7 21
5
10 30
5 25
1 5
6 30
15 1 18 1 21 1 25
Add the numerators and write their sum over 5
the lowest common denominator, 30. 30
79 19
Express the fraction as a mixed number. 5 5 2 Ans
30 30

Example 2 Determine the total length of the shaft shown in Figure 2-1. All
dimensions are in inches.

3 15 29 7 1
32 16 32 8 4

Figure 2-1

Express the fractions as equivalent

3 3
fractions with 32 as the denominator. 5
32 32
15 30
5
16 32
29 29
5
32 32
7 28
5
8 32
1 8
1 5
4 32
3 1 30 1 29 1 28 1 8
Add the numerators and write their sum over 5
the lowest common denominator, 32. 32
98
Express as a mixed number and reduce to
32 98 2 1
lowest terms. 5 53 53
32 32 16
10
Total length 5 3 Ans
16

Adding Fractions, Mixed Numbers, and Whole Numbers

c Procedure To add fractions, mixed numbers, and whole numbers
●● Add the whole numbers.
●● Add the fractions.
●● Combine whole number and fraction.
1 1 5 19
Example 1 Add 1 7 1 3 1 12 .
3 2 12 24
Express the fractional parts as equivalent
1 8
fractions with 24 as the denominator. 5
3 24
757
1 12
3 53
2 24
5 10
5
12 24
19 19
12 5 12
24 24
Add the whole numbers. 5 7 1 3 1 2 5 12
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
UNIT 2 Addition of Common Fractions and Mixed Numbers 11

8 1 12 1 10 1 19 49
Add the fractions. 5 5
24 24
49
Combine the whole number and the fractions. 5 12
24
49 1
Express the answer in lowest terms. 5 12 5 14 Ans
24 24
1
Example 2 Find the distance between the two -inch diameter holes in the plate shown in Figure 2-2.
2
All dimensions are in inches.
151
13 26
5
32 64
1 1
47 47 2
DIA 2
DIA
1 51
64 64
3 12
1 5
16 64
85
2
64 1 13
1 47 3
32 64 16

Figure 2-2

210
Distance 5 3 Ans
64

Application
Tooling Up
15
1. Reduce the fraction to halves.
30
12
2. Reduce to lowest terms.
30
11 ?
3. Express and as equivalent fractions.
8 32
3
4. Express the mixed number 7 as an improper fraction.
5
97
5. Express as a mixed number.
12
3 ?
6. Express the mixed number 9 as an improper fraction and then express that improper fraction in the form .
5 15

Lowest Common Denominators

Determine the lowest common denominators of the following sets of fractions.
2 1 5 5 7 3 19
7. , , 9. , , ,
3 6 12 6 12 16 24
3 9 5 4 3 7 1
8. , , 10. , , ,
5 10 6 5 4 10 2

Equivalent Fractions with Lowest Common Denominators

Express these fractions as equivalent fractions having the lowest common denominator.
1 3 5 9 1 3 1
11. , , 13. , , ,
2 4 12 10 4 5 5
7 3 1 3 7 17 3
12. , , 14. , , ,
16 8 2 16 32 64 4

Adding Fractions
15. Determine the dimensions A, B, C, D, E, and F of the profile gage in Figure 2-3. All
dimensions are in inches.
11
64
A5
1
2 5 B5
16
F
A C5
9
16 D5
21
64 E5
3 35 31 1 15 1 7
8 64 32 8 32 4 16 F5
B C D
E
Figure 2-3

16. Determine the overall length, width, and height of the casting in Figure 2-4. All
dimensions are in inches.
29
64
9
16
5
32
length 5

1
width 5
2
height 5
3
8 21
63 32
17 64 7
32 16
1
4

Figure 2-4

Adding Fractions, Mixed Numbers, and Whole Numbers

17. Determine dimensions A, B, C, D, E, F, and G of the plate in Figure 2-5. Reduce to
lowest terms where necessary. All dimensions are in inches.
G
E F A5
5 3 9 3
8
2 4 32
1 64 B5

19 C5
32
A D5
7
1
1 16
E5
1
1 4
D F5
4
G5
1 18

3 1
8
2 32 1 27
32
7
32
B
C

Figure 2-5

18. Determine dimensions A, B, C, and D of the pin in Figure 2-6. All dimensions are
in inches.

D
C
A B
A5
B5
C5
D5
3
32
3 5 1
32
1 64 1 16 1
4
1 9
8 32

Figure 2-6

19. The operation sheet for machining an aluminum housing specifies 1 hour for facing,
3 5 3 2
2 hours for milling, hour for drilling, hour for tapping, and hour for setting up.
4 6 10 5
What is the total time allotted for this job?

Very goodt that, Affidafy!—Fell, ve're all mortal sinners; and, mine
Gott, there is but little left in mine parrel, and Nierensteiner costs
money. Fell! goodt pye, Affidafy, my poy, goodt night. Take goodt
care of the horse, for he's my pest horse, Affidafy, for I'm a goodt-
natured fellow as ever it vas. Goodt night, Affidafy!"——And "Goodt
night, Affidafy!" muttered all, as the attorney, fetching a desperate
reel in the saddle, waved a graceful adieu, and turned to depart.
Instead of replying, however, to the farewell, he burst out again with

'The right Rhine wine!'

and the others obeying the invitation, again opened their lips, and
chanted Bekränzt mit Laub, till he was out of sight. Then they
staggered back into the house, to continue their orgies; where we
will leave them, to follow the course of the attorney.

CHAPTER XIII.
If thou beest a man, show thyself in thy likeness: if thou beest a devil, take 't as thou
list.

TEMPEST.

The violence of the storm was over, but the ferment in the elements
was not yet allayed. The clouds had broken, and ever and anon,
through their ragged gaps, the eye might trace fields of blue sky,
studded with stars, which were as suddenly swept out of sight, as
gusts came roaring from the tops of distant hills, discharging brief
but furious showers.

On such occasions, it was not easy to pick a way along the road,
which was washed into gullies and scattered over with the riven
branches of trees, besides being, in the hollow places, converted
into pools; so that it might have been considered difficult to proceed,
even by the light of day.

It was fortunate, perhaps, for Affidavy, that he was in no condition

to be daunted, either by difficulties or dangers, of which, indeed, it
is most probable he remained profoundly unconscious, from the
beginning of his ride to the end. He set forth on his dark journey,
trolling at the top of his voice some snatches of the jolly chorus, in
which he had borne no mean part, and plying his heels about the
ribs of his horse in such a way as to drum out a kind of barrel-head
accompaniment, as agreeable to himself as it was perhaps
advantageous to the animal;—for this, instead of being
Schlachtenschlager's best horse, as he had said, was a drowsy, lazy,
pacific, and somewhat worthless beast, which the Squire's man,
supposing that any one might serve the lawyer's turn on such an
occasion, had considerately substituted for the better one which his
master really designed to provide. On this animal, then, Affidavy
departed, bidding defiance to storm and peril, and singing as he
went. Sometimes, however, he launched into harangues, as if
declaiming before a court and jury, especially when, as was
sometimes the case, the beast he bestrode took advantage of his
abstraction, to pause before some gully or pool of water, and even,
now and then, to stand stock-still in the middle of the road, where
there was no obstruction whatever. Nay, he once or twice, relying
upon the indifference of his rider, took the liberty of turning his
head, and jogging backwards; and how the manoeuvre was detected
and counteracted by one in Affidavy's happy condition, we are
wholly unable to say. But counteracted it was, and by midnight,—
that is to say, after a ride of three hours, the attorney found that his
steed had borne him the full distance of two and a half miles from
his master's house; at which rate of travel, it was quite evident, he
might expect to reach the village, perhaps three or four miles
further, some time before noon of the following day. At midnight,
however, the horse was brought to a stand by an unforeseen
difficulty. It was in a hollow place or glen, thickly wooded, that was
crossed by the road at right angles; at the bottom of it flowed a
water-course, small and shallow on all ordinary occasions, but which
the violent rains, assisted by certain accidental obstructions, had
now swelled into a broad and formidable pool. The trunks and
branches of trees, swept down by the earlier wash of the flood, and
lodged among rocks and the standing stems of other trees on the
lower side of the road, had made a sort of dam, through which the
waters could not escape so rapidly as they collected; and, in
consequence, they had swelled so high, as to be already heard
falling over it like a cataract.

When Affidavy arrived at the brink of this flood, his steed came to a
sudden halt, of which the rider took no notice for a considerable
time, his mind being wrapped up in the remembrance of the joyous
potations from which nothing on earth, save the prospect of a good
case, could have drawn him, and his ears still tingling with the
uproar of the Rheinweinlied. This he trolled over with great fervour,
and in the midst of it, plying his heels as usual, the horse, after one
or two snorts by way of remonstrance, took heart of grace, and
crept into the water.

"Botheration," cried the attorney, as he felt the cold element

sweeping over his legs, "will it never have done raining? H—h—hip,
Durgan.—Gentlemen of the jury, I appeal, not to your hearts, for I
disdain taking advantage of,—of your weakness,—nor to your heads,
for—for—who the devil ever supposed a juryman had one?—
Botheration, it rains cats and dogs all round, and my legs are
growing marvellous cold. That old Schlachtenschlager! he, he! a
great old ass, and his Nierensteiner nothing but sour old crab-cider.
—A gold watch worth forty pounds,—a purse of guineas—bills of
exchange—long credits.—Dispute the jurisdiction of the court—Hillo!
what's all that smashing in the court? I insist upon order—Who says
I am out of order? Drunk! I despise the thing! Hillo,
Schlachtenschlager! what's the matter? Never mind the rain—strike
up: let it blow its worst,—strike up, old boy.

'Come, drink, ha, ha!

And, sure, we'll all be merry;
Come, drink, ha, ha! come laugh, ha, ha!'—

Botheration!"——

In the midst of the attorney's song, and just when he had reached
the middle of the pool, there happened a catastrophe, which might
have frightened any other man out of his propriety. This was nothing
less than the sudden giving way of the dam of logs, the disruption of
which was followed by the escape of the whole accumulated body of
waters, and that with a fury that nothing could resist. In an instant
the attorney was swept from his horse, soused head over ears in the
flood, and would have been drowned had he not been luckily dashed
into the crotch of a low and twisted buttonwood, and there left
astride a horizontal bough, by the retreating waters. The whole thing
was effected in a trice, indeed with such magical celerity, that he
failed to notice the main point of the casualty, which was the loss of
his horse; and supposing himself still at ease in the saddle, he plied
his heels with their accustomed vigour against the regardless trunk,
wondering somewhat at the immobility of his charger, and the rush
of the current at his feet.

"Botheration," he cried; "hip, Durgan, get up; dzick! dzick! That's a

fine fellow! Will it never be done raining?

'Come, drink, ha, ha! come laugh, ha, ha!

Oh, ha!'——

Hip, horsey, hip!" And thus he went on, now spurring the timber
flanks of his charger, and now trolling forth the drunken chorus, in
the midst of the stream, where he would perhaps have remained
until morning, or until sleep had caused him to relax his hold, had
not his extraordinary outcries reached the ears of a traveller, who
rode to his assistance, the water being already reduced to its
ordinary level, and finding him incapable of helping himself, pulled
him from his seat, and dragged him to the other side of the stream.

"Botheration, what's the matter?" cried the attorney, who seemed to

recover his senses a little, upon finding himself on his feet; "where's
Durgan? Sure, o' my life, I did'nt come here on foot! Odds bodikins!
where's Schlachtenschlager?—Hillo, there! botheration, you sir! what
are you doing with my horse?"

"Your horse!" exclaimed the traveller. "Are you drunk yet?"

"Drunk! I defy the insinuation," cried Affidavy, "and demand

protection of the court.—Down, you rogue, or I'll indict you for
horse-thieving. A pretty prank to play upon an honest man, riding for
life and death! Botheration, Sir Sauce-box, whoever you are, give me
my horse, or I shall lose the best case was ever entrusted to a
lawyer—a gold watch worth forty pounds—bills of exchange—letters
of credit—and a purse of guineas!"

"Now were you not drunk," said the traveller, "and more of a beast
than the animal that bore you, I could tell you of a case much more
to your interest to be engaged in."

"Hah! a case? what sort of a case? Odds bodikins, I'm your man!"

"You are drunken Tef Affidavy?"

"Drunken! That's actionable. Tef! Tef Affidavy! Theophilus Affidavy,

Esq.—Esquire, do you hear?"

"Ay, it is all one. Theophilus Affidavy, sober, might be the man for my
money, with twenty guineas to begin upon; but Theophilus Affidavy,
drunk"—
"Twenty guineas!" cried the lawyer: "God bless all our souls! twenty
guineas for a retaining fee! Why then I'll be Theophilus Affidavy,
sober, or Tef Affidavy, drunk, or any thing else that can be wished of
man or angel. Out with your money, and state the case."

"Ay,—when you are sober."

"Sober! Twenty guineas would fetch me to, if I had been swimming

in Schlachtenschlager's whiskey-barrel for two weeks on a stretch.
Botheration, I'll take another dip in the slough there, and come out
as clean as a peeled orange. But are you sure that a'n't my horse?"

"Quite; and if your beast belongs to the Squire, you may make your
mind easy that he is now safe in his master's stables. I saw a
saddled horse on the road, galloping as if a wild-cat was on the back
of him."

"Good!" cried the attorney at law; "if I had drowned him, there
would have been the devil to pay with old Schlachtenschlager. Hold
fast, till I duck the devil out of me." And without waiting to say
another word, he ran into the brook, where he began to splash
about him with great spirit, the stranger, all the time, sitting by and
observing him in silence.

There is, in all cases of drunkenness, a certain degree of voluntary

intoxication, as it may be called, in which the mind yields itself a
prisoner, before it is entirely overcome by the strength of the enemy.
This is evinced by the rapidity with which many good souls, in jovial
company, work themselves into frenzy; but still more by the facility
with which they shake it off, when there is any special call for
sobriety. In half the instances, even where the conduct is most
extravagant, the individual retains a consciousness, more or less
perfect, of his absurd acts, is aware that they proceed from a
madness partly simulated, and sensible of some power in himself of
controlling them, though not easily disposed to the labour of
exercising it. We will not pretend to say that Mr. Affidavy, while he
sat bestraddling the sycamore, was altogether conscious of his
situation; but it is quite certain, he retained so much power of curing
his folly, even in that extremity, that a less counter stimulus than the
offer of a twenty-guinea fee would have sufficed to bring him to his
senses. He frisked about in the water for a few minutes, dipped his
head under two or three times, and came out, not entirely sober
indeed, but, as he said himself, 'as fit for business as he ever was.'

"If you doubt, stranger, whoever you are," he said, "I'll sing you a
song, or—No, hang it, we've had enough of that,—I'll make you a
speech to court and jury extempore, and right to the point. But
come now, jingle your money, and let's begin: or, if it's all one to
you, we'll jog back to Schlachtenschlager's and borrow a dry shirt,
and so give counsel like a gentleman."

To this proposal the traveller demurred, and requesting the lawyer to

follow him, rode up to the brow of the hill, where he dismounted,
and suffered his horse to range at will through the bushes, he
himself taking a seat on a stone, and inviting Affidavy to do the
same.

"A botheration strange fancy this, of yours, certainly," said the

lawyer: "are we to sit here, like two stray ducks, and be soaked for
nothing?"

"Look over your head," said the stranger: "there is not a cloud left in
the heaven. No, not one," he muttered as if to himself; "and come
weal or wo, come death or come life, the sun will shine to-morrow
as bright as ever."

"Tush, you're right; the storm has given us the go-by," said the
lawyer. "But concerning the case, and that twenty-guinea fee——
What's your name?"

"Guineas," said the other, rattling a purse apparently well filled with
his namesakes, upon the stone.
"Excellent!" said the lawyer; "but that won't do for a jury. Come, sir,
your cognomination, compellation, and so forth? your proprium
vocamen, style and title,—Tom, Dick, or Harry, as the case may be?
and then for the case! Quisnam homo est? unde et quo? No man is
drunk who can quote Latin, for it is cursed hard stuff to remember.
In the king's lingo, who are you? and what's the case in question?"

"Who I am, we will pass," said the traveller, "that having nothing to
do with the case. As for the case itself, I am told, it is one of
murder."

"The devil it is!" cried Affidavy. "Why here's hanging work thickening
in the county! But what are the circumstances? Who's killed? and
who is the killer?"

"The first was a young man, named Henry Falconer,—the second

another young man, called Hyland Gilbert"——

"Hah! why, that's my case, that I've been labouring after all night!
and I assure you——But God bless our two souls!" he added
suddenly, springing to his feet as if in alarm, "who are you sir? An
honest man, sir? I hope, an honest man, sir, and no bloody-minded
Hawk, sir! for if you are, sir, I give you warning, sir, if you make an
attack upon me, sir, that I carry pistols, sir, and, sir"——

"Peace, fool," said the other, with a stern voice. "Sit down, and fear
nothing. If you had twenty pistols, what care I for them?—I," he
added, with a laugh both jocose and bitter, "that am armed with
twenty—guineas?"

"Right, sir; but if you are a tory, sir—I don't mean to insult you, sir,—
but as to aiding and abetting a gentleman of the tory party, sir: why,
sir, I am a man of principle, sir, and I must have time to reflect."

"Go to the brook and wallow again: you shall have five minutes to
reflect, or rather to sober, for you are not yet in your senses. Why,
fool, do you think I will hurt you? or hark! is there a tory bullet in the
clink of an English guinea? Come, sit down, and listen. You have
nothing to do with tories, save to take their money.—There is one
lying in prison in yonder village below, who needs the help of a
lawyer. Yourself then, Affidavy, or another."

"Oh, if there be no treason in the matter," said the attorney, "why

then——that is, if you will take that cursed tomahawk away, for I
dare say you've got one about you, Mr.——that is to say, captain——
Zounds, Mr. Oran Gilbert! I know you very well; and I hope you
won't murder me, or do me any mischief, if it were even for old
times' sake; for we were very good friends in old times."

"Ay," said the refugee; "and for that reason, I have offered you
twenty guineas, and employment on a business that may bring you
as many—perhaps five times as many more, which any one else will
be as happy to accept."

"Botheration, there is no occasion," said Affidavy, creeping

timorously back. "I see what it is; I'm not afraid of you, but you
have a cursed bad name. I don't agree with you in principles, that is,
in politics; but it sha'nt be said, I refused my professional services to
an old friend in distress"——

"With twenty guineas in his hand," said the tory.

"Ay; and with as many, or five times as many at the back of

them"——

"In case of success."

"Oh, yes, certainly. I understand the case now: your brother,

captain"——

"We will drop all titles,—brother, captain, and every one else," said
the tory. "The young man, Hyland Gilbert, is a prisoner."

"Ay; and"——
"Was he hurt?"

"A bruise or so."

"And he shot Henry Falconer?"

"As dead as a herring: I sat on the body myself."

"And he will be tried for that, as for a murder?"

"Ay, faith, and hanged too, unless"——

"Unless what?"

"Unless we can prove him innocent, or establish a legal

irresponsibility."

"Or snatch him out of his den, some such bright midnight as this?"

"Tush," said the lawyer, waxing in courage, "I have nothing to do

with that. But cheer up. There's a way of managing these cases, and
I have thought of it already. But concerning that bill of exchange and
letter of credit? They say, the younker has money enough—a rich
estate in the Islands?"

"Fear not for your reward," said Oran Gilbert. "Do what's expected of
you, and you shall have gold enough to content you."

"Here then is the state of the case," said Affidavy: "if the young man
be tried in this county, were it but for killing a farmer's dog, he will
die. The name—saving your presence—the name of Gilbert will be
hanging matter with any jury. But I'll be short—he bears the king's
commission, does he not? the commission of a lieutenant among the
royal refugees?"

"And what then?"? said Oran.

"Why then, he must dispute the jurisdiction of the civil tribunal, and
claim to be considered a prisoner of war. The attack upon the Folly is
somewhat of a civil offence, to be sure; but he was taken, as we
may say, in battle; and, in battle, he killed the man for whose
murder he will be certainly arraigned, if proceedings are not quashed
in the beginning. As a commissioned officer of the crown,
however"——

"And what if he be not a commissioned officer," said the refugee,

with a low voice.

"Why then," replied Affidavy, "I have to say, gentlemen of the jury
——Pshaw! that is,—hemp seed and a white shirt—you understand
me? But with the commission—we will produce that, and then"——

"You shall have it," said the refugee; but added,—"It will do no
good. A court civil or a court martial,—how should a Gilbert look for
mercy from either? What turn would the king's commission serve
me, if a prisoner? Look you, Affidavy, there are better ways of
ending the matter. An hundred guineas are clinking in the bag these
came from: it is but the opening of a jail-door to earn it."

"Ay! are you there, Truepenny?—Sir, I'm a lawyer and a gentleman;

and as to aiding and abetting in any jail-breaking—zounds, sir! for
what do you take me?"

"For a wiser man than you would have your neighbours believe,—for
a man too wise to boggle long at a choice betwixt a hundred
guineas held in comfort at home, and empty pockets, with hands
and heels tied together, in a cave of the mountains."

"God bless our two souls," said Affidavy, "what do you mean?"

"To have your help, or take good care no one else has it," said Oran,
laughing. Then, laying his hand upon the lawyer's arm, he added,
with the same untimely accompaniment to accents full of sternness,
"Look ye, Affidavy, you have heard too much for your own comfort,
unless you are ready to hear all. You are a friend, or—a prisoner."

At these words, the lawyer was filled with dismay, and indeed struck
dumb. The terror that beset him, when he first conceived with whom
he was confronted on the dark and lonely hill, recurred with double
violence; he thought of nothing less than being tomahawked and
scalped on the spot, and would have taken to his heels without
further ceremony, had his strength availed him to shake off the
grasp of his companion.

"Fear naught," said Oran, detaining him on his seat, and speaking
decisively: "We were old friends once, as you say, Affidavy: I
remember, you robbed Elsie Bell's strawberry-patch, when you were
a boy, and I thumped you for it. So, fear nothing.—Why, man, am I a
snake, or a beast, that I should hurt such a creature as you? Know
me better."

"Well, I will," said the attorney, still trembling. "But, botheration, sir,
this is a strange way of stating a case to a lawyer! As to opening jail-
doors, Mr. Oran Gilbert, why I won't oppose: if you were to bribe
Bob Lingo, the jailer, why, I say, I'm mum. But what more can you
expect? Botheration, sir, I'm no turnkey! I'll be mum, sir; but as to
joining you in any such prank, God bless our two souls, why that
would ruin me! And why should you think of such a thing? 'Tis
needless, sir,—as needless as dangerous. The king's commission is
our pillar of safety: with that in his hand, the prisoner can demand,
ay, and force his claim to be admitted, to be treated as a prisoner of
war; and then, sir, if the matter comes to a court-martial"——

"When it comes to that," said Oran, "what is to save him from being
tried and condemned as a spy?"

"What?" said the lawyer; "why a very simple thing. We will hire some
one to swear he did not receive the commission until after his flight
from Hawk-Hollow: and as for the change of name, intentions, and
all that, why we shall have time to coin any lies that may serve our
purpose. As to treason, we escape all arraignment there, his
domicile being clearly within a foreign jurisdiction."

"In a word," said Oran Gilbert, "and to end your scheme at once, he
is not a commissioned officer. Fool that he was," continued the
brother, bitterly, "he refused, and to the last, the warrant that would
have been his best friend."

"Whew!" said Affidavy, "this alters the case with a vengeance.

Refused the commission?"

"Ay; and it is now in my own hands."

"Oho, is it? Why then, all's one. We'll clap it into his hands,—fill up
the blanks, if it needs, produce it in court, and who is the wiser?

"You can, at least, try him with it," said the refugee; "but I know
what it will end in. You will see him refuse it, even in prison."

"Why then," said Affidavy,—"Hum, ha—we won't be particular. Jail-

doors will open sometimes; and in case of an hundred guineas down
on the nail—(a dangerous business, captain!)—and something more
in prospect—(you understand, captain?)—Reputation, captain,
reputation! 'T may bring me by the heels, captain.—Another hundred
therefore, (say, to be paid at New York; for I don't care if I turn tory
along with you, provided I am not set to fighting:) an hundred on
the nail, and another at York city, and I don't care if I close with you.
And then, we must have fifty or so for Bob Lingo; (no managing
such an affair without money.) A deused dull county this, and
business all worn out. So, captain, an hundred on the nail, and"——

"It is enough," said the refugee; "you talk now like a man of sense;
and here are the twenty for earnest. Let us proceed; I have more to
tell you."
Then rising, and whistling to his horse, which obeyed the summons,
and followed him with great docility, he led the way with Affidavy
along the road, exchanging counsels with this precious limb of the
law, on the subject that had drawn him so near to the head quarters
of his foes.

CHAPTER XIV.

What foolish boldness brought thee to their mercies,

Whom thou, in terms so bloody, and so dear,
Hast made thine enemies?——
Therefore, by law thou art condemn'd to die.
SHAKSPEARE.

On the following morning, Affidavy presented himself at the prison,

and demanded access to his client.

"Client!" said the jailer, with a stare. "Why now, Affidavy, man,
(begging your pardon for being familiar,) there's none of your birds
roosting in my hen-house."

"A smaller on that, Lingo,—come, what will you lay?" said the man
of law, seizing upon the official's hand, and shaking it with great
apparent friendship. "Come, stir about, Lingo; clink, clink, stir bolt,
clash key, and open. It's long since we've had a crack together; but
we'll have a jolly rouse yet. Ah! that knotty old Schlachtenschlager!
my head is in a reel yet; must have something to steady my nerves."

"Well, squire," said Lingo, a coarse-featured, shag-headed

personage, with a fist like the butt of an oak-tree, and altogether a
low and mean look which might have been supposed to sink him
below the notice of the attorney, had not Affidavy's habits made him
long since a fitting associate for even a meaner man; "Well, squire,"
he said, with an air as if even he regarded his visiter with some little
contempt, "I don't care if I treat you to a drop; though my whiskey's
none of the smoothest, neither."

"Curse your whiskey!" said the man of law, pulling a guinea from his
pocket. "Do you see this yellow boy, my lad of knuckles? Botheration
upon you, I came here to spend the day with you, and I intend to
treat you royally. So, call your boy, Hanschen, and let him fetch me a
quart of cognac from old Brauntweinpunsch's, for he keeps the best
in all Hillborough. And do you take care of the change for me, and
help yourself, if you like, while I am holding counsel with the
prisoner."

"Icod," said Lingo, balancing the coin in his hand, "I never stick at a
good offer; but I should like to know where this little feller came
from. Howsomever, 'tis none of my business; and so Hans shall go.
But, who's your client, squire? I'm glad you've got a job, for you're a
devil of a feller at a speech,—I always said that for you. Which
prisoner do you wish to see?"

"Why, the young Hawk of the Hollow, to be sure."

"Odds bobs, squire," said Lingo, scratching his head, "you're too late
for that cock-robin, I'm thinking."

"Too late! He ha'n't broke jail already!" tried the alarmed attorney.

"Broke jail already!" echoed Lingo, with a grin. "I dunna what you
mean by that; but if he breaks jail at any time, while I'm king of the
ring, you may call me Jack Robinson. No, the matter's not so bad as
that: but he sent yesterday for young Pepperel"——

"God bless our two souls!" ejaculated the lawyer.

"And they say," continued Lingo, "he is to have old Timberkin
likewise; for, it seems, the younker has money."

"What! old Long-tongue Timberkin? Zounds, we'll have the whole

crow's-nest at the picking! Oons, man, let me in to him."

"Well, I dunna," muttered Lingo, leading the way, however, to the

prisoner's cell; "I reckon, 'twere as well to save his money for
something else; for it's a clear case with him, eh, squire?" And as he
spoke, he made a gesture with his finger around his throat, the
meaning of which was not to be mistaken. "Howsomever, here you
are. When you're done with him, just knock at the door, and I'll let
you out."

The next moment, Affidavy found himself alone with the prisoner. He
sat, apparently half stupified, on a low bed, beneath a grated
window, from which a silvery light fell upon the crown of his head,
his shoulders, his knees, and his hands that were clasped upon
them, while his visage, and nearly all his person, were lost in dusky
shadow. A little table with food and water was at his side, but both
were left apparently untouched. His limbs were unfettered; and this
circumstance Affidavy might have referred to the humanity of the
jailer, had he not perceived at a glance how unnecessary was such a
precaution with one whose bodily powers were as much enfeebled
as those of his spirit. Indeed, there was a look of such utter
wretchedness about the unfortunate youth as might have softened a
harder heart than the jailer's; and even Affidavy began to survey him
with a touch of pity. He raised his eyes, when the door was opened,
but cast them again on the floor; for indeed there was so little in
Affidavy's appearance to excite attention, that he supposed him to
be some assistant of the jailer, or perhaps a common officer, come
on some errand of duty, with which he would be soon made
acquainted. This suspicion was dispelled by the attorney; who no
sooner heard the bolt shoot back into the stone door-post, than he
advanced, declaring his name and character.
"Affidavy?" muttered the youth, with a dejected voice: "I thought it
was Mr. Timberkin, that Mr. Pepperel was to bring me."

"Pshaw, botheration," said the lawyer, "you were a goose to send for
such ninnies; we can do better without them. And what can these
fellows do for you? Where will you find them riding about of a
stormy night, picking up evidence, laying plans, and so on? However,
we can find them something to do: I'll sort them; I know what they
are fitted for. You stare at me—Very well; I understand what you
mean. I come from your friends, sir, and"—

"From my friends?" cried Hyland, starting up, wildly: "from whom? I

have no friends here—none, at least, but one; and, oh God of
heaven! they tell me I have killed her too!"

"Oh, you mean old Elsie," said the attorney: "hang her, (that is, poor
old soul!) she's not dead yet."

"But Catherine?—Miss Loring?—Captain Loring's daughter?" cried the

youth, with a voice and countenance of despair; "what news of her?"

"Aha! I understand," muttered Affidavy. "But don't be alarmed;

there's no death there.—A little fright and grief, sir,—that's all; they
never kill one." Hyland clasped his hands, and buried his face
between them; and the lawyer continued,—

"Quite a small matter, I assure you, and will blow by, when we get
you safely off."

"Get me off!" cried Hyland, again starting to his feet, in the greatest
agitation. "Is there any hope of that? No, there is none!" he
exclaimed, vehemently: "I am a blood-stained man, I have taken
life, I am a murderer"—

"Tush and botheration, hush!" said Affidavy, clapping his hand over
the prisoner's mouth; "why need you be blabbing? That was
confession enough to end the matter, without plea or witness: 'tis
just a charge to the jury, a verdict in the box, and then a long face
and the hangman."

"Misery! misery!" cried the unhappy youth: "and to this I have

brought myself! the death, the ignominy, of a felon! I know it, I see
it very clearly," he added with indescribable emotion, "I see how it
must end—good God, upon the gallows! But it shall not be; I will die
first—thank heaven, I am dying already! Put but the trial off—they
say the court opens this day!—put it off but a week; you shall have
an hundred guineas, five hundred, a thousand, all that I have!—only
put off the trial a week, that I may die before they drag me into the
light again! I deserve to die, I am willing to die, but not, oh heaven!
not upon a gibbet!"

"Zounds!" cried Affidavy, who strove in vain to interrupt this burst of

frenzied feelings, "you are taking the best way to reach a gibbet,
notwithstanding. You are mad, I believe; botheration, sir, if you talk
this way, there will be no saving you"—

"Saving me! Can I be saved? that is, not from death, but from
ignominious death? Hark you, sir,—they have taken away my money,
but I have enough more. Get me a knife, a pistol, a rope, a dose of
poison"——

"Tush; if you do not cease this mad raving, and let me speak, I will
be gone; you are making the case desperate. Be silent, and listen.
Your case is bad, sir, very bad, I must confess, sir. But you have
friends, sir; and you may hope; yes, you may hope—if you are wise,
sir, you may hope.—You have——Now don't start, or cry out, or I'll
leave you—Ehem, sir, I must whisper—you have relations,—a
brother, sir"—

"Oran!" cried the prisoner, who would have again started up, had he
not been held in his seat by Affidavy: "oh, heaven be thanked! he
has not deserted me! Have you seen him? where is he? what can he
do for me? will he rescue me?"
"Tush, you must be quiet. If you will speak, let it be in a whisper. As
for the trial, why we will stop that if we can. A British officer, with a
king's commission in his hand, taken in arms, cannot be shuffled into
a cart by a civil tribunal, for following his vocation, and slitting a
throat or two. Now, Mr. Lieutenant Gilbert, you understand me? You
have a commission."

"No, by heaven! I refused it: I am no officer, and this will not avail
me. I am no officer, I was none; nor was I so much even as a
volunteer. I refused the commission up to the last moment, and this
is the end of it: I would not be the enemy of what was my native
country,—of my countrymen; and now they are all enemies of mine!
I was not a member of the band; I never acted with it,—never save
that fatal once, and then I went not to make war,—no, not even
upon the poor wretch I killed—Would to God the pistol had been
turned against my own breast!"

"Tush," said Affidavy, interrupting what bade fair to end in another

violent paroxysm, "that's wide of the question. The band looked
upon you as officer; and unless that fellow, Sterling"—

"The villain! it is he has ruined me!"

"Unless he can swear to the contrary, which he can't, (and,

botheration, there's a way of stopping his mouth altogether;) who
will be the wiser? Now if we could get Dancy Parkins admitted, along
with Sterling, as evidence for the commonwealth—However, we
can't; and we'll say no more about it: the prosecuting attorney
swears he'll hang him. His mouth is, at all events, sealed. We are
safe enough. Here is the commission: Now, sir, you will put a bold
face on the matter, insist upon your privilege, and"——

"Perjure myself with a lie? avow myself the enemy of my native

land? and so die worse and more degraded than I am? Never!
Duplicity has made me what I am; a deception that I thought
innocent and harmless, has brought me to this pass. Had I come
without concealment, then I had left without disgrace, without
crime. Oh fool, fool that I was! Talk of this no more: it was on this
ground Mr. Pepperel thought of defending me; but on this ground I
will not be defended."

"Oho! and young ninny has been before me there, too?" muttered
the lawyer. "Well, botheration," he continued, falling into a deep
study, in which he held counsel only with himself,—"there is but the
one shift in which the rascals won't join me,—but one path in which
I can walk this goose-head off alone. Well now, all depends upon
Lingo: the rogue has a head as thick as a mountain, and a
considerable deal harder. 'Twere a shame to waste gold upon such a
clod-headed pig. Give him fifty guineas! God bless our two souls! it
were a mere casting of pearls before swine, and, in some sort, a
robbing of my own pockets. A shilling's worth of laudanum were a
better fee, besides being cheaper. But we'll see."

Having concluded his meditations, he turned to the prisoner, who sat

surveying him with an anxious countenance, as if expecting some
better comfort from his thoughts, and then said,—

"Well, botheration, we'll have to think of another thing. It is well you

are not fettered."——

The young man writhed as if struck with a lash; but before he could
speak, Affidavy continued, though with an emphatic gesture for
silence,—"For that saves us all the vexation and danger of sawing.
You see this little instrument?" he said, displaying a file. "Now, be
quiet on your life, sir. You will understand from this, that there is
something in the wind boding you good. You are sick and wasted—
you were hurt in the scuffle, too; but put you beyond these stone
walls, with a saddled horse under you, could you ride him?—Why,
botheration, what makes you tremble so?"

"Oh heaven!" cried Hyland, "do not mock me! Nay, I will whisper.
Give me the file: I will cut the grating through."
"It does not need," said Affidavy, "and I have no notion of running
any risk by leaving it in your hands. But you must understand, sir,
(hold your ear close,) that this is a very ugly piece of business,
especially for me: if discovered, sir, I am a ruined man; the penalty,
sir, is the very next thing to hanging; ay, sir, and in my estimation,
somewhat worse; but that's according as we think of it. Now,
sir"——

"I understand you," muttered Hyland. "You shall name your own
reward—half of my estate, if you will; nay, all—all, so you get me
but to the woods, where I can die in peace, and undishonoured!"

"Tush, we'll not think of death: you'll live and be happy. Then as for
reward, why, sir, I would not have you think me extortionate, or
capable of taking advantage of your distress. No, sir, by no means; I
am a lawyer, sir, but an honest man."

"For God's sake, take what you will. Say nothing more; you shall
have your wish."

"Oh, sir," said Affidavy, "there is no hurry. As for taking all your
estate, or even half of it, sir,—sir, do not believe I will think of that!
No, sir; I am neither a buzzard nor a niggur's dog. But I must be
indemnified for losses: I ruin myself, sir,—I must sacrifice an
excellent practice, sir,—my reputation, sir, and my prospects. In a
word, sir, I must e'en take to my heels along with you; for after such
a prank as a jail-breaking, the county will be too hot to hold me. Sir,
I remember your father: he was a wronged man, sir; and my
feelings will not suffer me to see his youngest son too severely
handled. I once knew your brothers, sir, and I always thought they
were badly treated. Sir, I feel much grieved to see poor old Mr.
Gilbert's son brought to such a pass. Sir, my regard for your
deceased parent makes me do what I do; and, (not to whip the devil
round the stump any longer, sir,) I must confess, sir, that what I do
is a very scoundrelly piece of business, sir; which if any body had
proposed to me in behalf of any other person in the world, I should
certainly, sir, have knocked the proposer over the mazzard,—I would,
sir, botheration."

"What needs more words?" said Hyland, too much agitated to think
of weighing the motives of his new ally in the balance of conscience
or interest. "Make your demand, and have it."

"Ah! sir," said Affidavy, with a snuffle through the nose, "it is a
sorrowful thing to be driven from home and friends, to wander an
exile over the earth! There's my poor Mrs. Affidavy,—the thing will
break her heart. However," he added, for the prisoner began to wax
frantic with impatience, "I don't believe in breaking hearts, after all,
—especially Mrs. Affidavy's. Sir, you are a rich man, and a young
man, and a man without family or cares. I will not sell my humanity,
sir; no, botheration, I'm above that; but I will accept of your
superfluity what will indemnify me for the losses I endure in your
service. Your case is very bad, sir; and indeed, if you were even a
commissioned officer, it could not be much better. The indictment is
already framed, and will this day, or at furthest to-morrow, be
returned a true bill by the grand jury. You are a rich man, sir—had I
pleaded your cause and saved your life, I should have expected a
fee of five hundred guineas, (a small sum for a rich man's life;) and
there's old Long-tongue and Pepperel would have demanded as
much more, each. But, sir, I'll save you five hundred guineas; and
leave these fellows to whistle. We'll say a thousand guineas, then,
and"——

"All, I tell you, all, all!" cried the unhappy prisoner. "Take any thing,
take every thing"——

"God forbid!" cried Affidavy, devoutly; "I will not prey upon you. If
you, from your own generosity, should think of adding five hundred
more to the fifteen hundred, why sir, I should thankfully receive
them. But I leave that to yourself, sir. At present, sir, I shall be
content with what I have named; and will take your note of hand for
the amount. You see, sir," he added, drawing from a huge and well
thumbed pocket-wallet, a slip of paper, which with an ink-horn, he
immediately deposited on the table, "I have drawn this entirely in
your favour, payment not to be demanded unless upon the
successful completion of a certain service not mentioned, and then
in such way as will suit your convenience. If I fail, sir, I am ruined,
sir, and yet receive nothing. Allow me to fill the blanks, sir, and then,
sir, you can sign. I will fill them first, sir, in order that you may see I
take no advantage of you, sir. Two thousand guineas, sir, is a small
sum, a very small sum, when one thinks of a gallows.—Sir, be not
alarmed—your hand trembles, sir; but I trust to your honour to
recognise the signature—yes, sir, I prefer your honour to twenty
witnesses, sir. You shall escape, sir; or damn it, sir," added the harpy,
in the enthusiasm of gratitude, "I will hang along with you!"

It was fortunate the worthy Affidavy had some bowels of

compassion; for had he filled up the blanks of his villanous contract
with an amount comprehending the whole worldly wealth of the
poor prisoner, it would have been subscribed with equal alacrity.
What was gold in the balance with life? what price could be held
dear that procured a remission from ignominy? Hyland clutched at
the pen as at the bolt of his prison-door; and, in the same frenzy,
subscribed, in addition, an order committing his good roan horse to
the disposition of his counsel, which Affidavy declared to be
necessary, Hyland neither asked or sought to know how, to the
success of the enterprise. This accomplished, and the papers safely
deposited away in the wallet, the attorney wrung his client by the
hand, and that somewhat wildly, giving him to understand that he
was to hold himself in readiness that very night to escape, and
recommending him to sleep a little during the day, the better to
support the toil of flight. He charged him, twenty times over, to be
silent and wary, to look as wo-begone and despairing as possible,
and above all things to hold no conversation that could be avoided,
with his other counsel. Then wringing his hand again, with the most
convulsive sympathy, he knocked at the cell-door, was let out, and
would have run into the open air without uttering a word, so big was
his mind with the conception of his vast fee, had he not been
arrested by the astonished jailer.

"Ods bobs!" said Lingo, "have you forgot the brandy, squire?"

"Botheration!" cried Affidavy, with a wild stare.

"Ods bobs!" re-echoed Lingo, "is the man mad? Why, Affidavy, what
ails you? You look as white and wild as the prisoner!"

"Oh! ah! ay! the prisoner? yes, the prisoner," said the attorney,
rubbing his nose and chin with great zeal, and recovering his wits.
"Oh, ay, I remember: the prisoner, poor fellow! Ah, Lingo, Lingo! 'tis
a hard case, a sorrowful case, a heart-aching case. I declare, Lingo,
I could sit down and blubber; I could, botheration, I could!" and
here the sympathetic counsel, to Lingo's amazement, burst into a
loud uproarious laugh, such as he had never been known to give
vent to before.

"The devil's in the man, sure enough," said Lingo. "But I see, I see,"
he muttered, surveying Affidavy sagaciously, "he has been blowing it
a little too hard, and now he's getting a touch of the Horrors. Well,
well, brandy's the best cure for that; and he shall have a snap at his
own medicine."

So saying, the jailer poured out a glass of cognac, the rich odour of
which had no sooner reached Affidavy's nostrils than his spirits
became composed, he stretched forth his hand, and the smacking of
his lips proclaimed the fervour of his satisfaction.

"Old Brauntweinpunsch for ever!" he cried. "Ah, Lingo, you dog! you
know what's what! Ehem, sir, botheration and tush! God bless our
two souls, but I'm monstrous sleepy! Out all last night, Lingo, in the
rain; was upset in the brook up at old Schlachtenschlager's, and half
drowned, and hadn't a wink of sleep. I believe, I was dreaming all
the time the poor fellow up there was telling his story. Must go home
and nap a little—But no, I can't! Will finish the jug there, Lingo,
before the day's out, ehem. Can give us a bed, here, Lingo, man, in
case of necessity? What d'ye say? Rather full at Mrs. Affidavy's, and
a wash-day, too. Oh, you dog, botheration, we'll have a rouse under
lock and key to-night, won't we? Have something to tell you, and
must be near the prisoner. But mum, boy, mum's the word! We'll
have a rouse to the health of my client."

With that, the attorney made another long face, fell into a second
roar of merriment, and went flying from the prison.

CHAPTER XV.

If this should fail,

And that our drift look through our bad performance,
'Twere better not essay'd: therefore this project
Should have a back, or second, that might hold,
If this should blast in proof.
HAMLET.

It was night before Affidavy returned again to the prison; a

circumstance that might be supposed to puzzle the brain of the jailer
not a little, whenever he happened to cast his eyes upon the bottle
provided at the lawyer's own expense, and considered the notorious
degree of attraction existing between the material spirits of the one,
and the immaterial spirit of the other. Before he had yet determined
whether the phenomenon should be attributed to the disorder of
mind he was first disposed to suspect on the part of Affidavy, or to
some uncommon display of his zeal on the prisoner's behalf, Affidavy
made his appearance, and notwithstanding the lateness of the hour,
was immediately admitted,—not so much, however, as a man of law
visiting his client, as an old friend and crony, whom Lingo introduced
for his own private satisfaction. The attorney, nevertheless, after
squeezing the jailer's hand, and giving way to a grin of extraordinary
friendship, averred he must see his client, before indulging a
moment in pleasure; and assuring Lingo, with uncommon spirit and
generosity, that he designed treating him like a prince, bade him,
out of the funds he had placed in his hands, lay in a store of all
drinkables he could devise, with pipes and tobacco, and so forth, so
that they might have a jolly time of it together. Then, after
remaining half an hour with the prisoner, he returned to the jailer's
private quarters, snapped his fingers, as if exulting at being
delivered from toil and restraint, swore he was the busiest dog that
ever slaved at a case, but would take his comfort and his ease,
without troubling himself farther for the night, were all the gallows-
dogs in the world calling on him for assistance. "Drink, Lingo, you
rogue," said he; "give me a pipe, and snuff the candle; for I abhor
taking the first whiff out of a greasy old cotton-wick. Drink, you big-
fisted, honest old sly-boots; and I'll tell you all about the case."

"Well, squire, I'm for you," said Lingo, swallowing a draught that
showed him to be serious; "but I reckon I know all about the case;
and it's a clear hanging matter, as you must own."

"If I do, botheration on me!" said the lawyer. "There's two sides to
every case; and all killing a'n't murder, nor manslaughter neither, for
the matter of that."

"Well, it's well to keep a good heart—I always said you had good
pluck, Affidavy, especially in desperate cases: but there was old
Timberkin here this afternoon, who went off with a long face; and
there was Pepperel, who as much as confessed there was no hope
for the young one. And why should there be? For my part, I don't
reckon it any great matter to have plumped a bullet into one of the
Falconer kidney; but when it comes to a bloody refugee playing such
outdacious tricks, why there, Affidavy, I stick; it's clear ag'in all
principle; and there's ne'er a man of any jury you can pack in the
county, but will say—Hang!"

"Tush, drink—here's to you. You've been gabbling with Pepperel and

Timberkin—numskulls, Lingo—between you and me, numskulls.
What do they know about the case? what have they been doing to
study it? Here have they been all day laying their fool's pates
together over it, like two owls at mid-day over a dead bull-frog, not
knowing what to make of it. Drink, you rascal. Now had you but
been at old Schlachtenschlager's last night! Ah!—However, that's
neither here nor there. Now, I, my boy, botheration, I study my
cases in another manner, and I have been studying this hard all day.
But how? Ay, there's the question, tush. Riding about, hunting
witnesses from post to pillar, serving subpoenas, and all that, and
smelling out the intents of the prosecution."

"What witnesses do you want?" said Lingo: "it's a clear case, and the
younker owns to it. I'm to swear myself, that he admitted the
murder: he made no denial"——

"He's an ass," said Affidavy; "a fool and a madman, who would
knock his head against a post, sooner than go round it, were his
skull no thicker even than a pumpkin-shell."

"Oh, ay!" said Lingo, nodding over his glass, "I see what you're at:
you'll make it out a non cumpuss case? But that won't do, squire; I
swear ag'in' you there: there's no mad in him; there's more in some
of the witnesses. But I suppose you have been raking up for
witnesses about old Elsie Bell's? The lad begged I would send for
her; but, they say, she is in a dying way?"

"Bad enough, bad enough," said the lawyer: "and a good witness,
too; but we can do without her."

"Well, I reckon you'll want all you have," said the jailer; "for they're
strong for the commonwealth. There's Dancy Parkins, they've taken
him for state's evidence, along with this here gallivanting fellow,
Sterling, that came in for quarter, and a power of others beside. I
dunna why they're so easy on Dancy; but they say, he's not deep in
for't; and the prosecution's ag'in' hanging him. They say, Colonel
Falconer has sworn he will have the youngster's blood, if it costs him
the price of Hawk-Hollow twice over."

"Tush, what care we? The devil take Falconer, and the witnesses too,
—as undoubtedly the devil will. As for your Sterling, I can smash his
testimony as I would a rotten apple. Botheration, the man has a
neck of his own."

"Oh, ay, in the matter of the spying?" said Lingo: "but they say, they
will wink and let him off, if Colonel Falconer be so minded; and they
say, too, he was promised protection by the soldiers, and a clear
pardon, on condition he fetched 'em into all Oran Gilbert's hiding-
places. I don't see, for my part, how a soldier can promise any such
thing, seeing that a soldier is neither a judge nor a governor. And
moresomover, there's the matter of the attempt to do murder on
Colonel Falconer; for, I reckon, that can be proved on him; and how
he is to get clear of that, if the Colonel pushes him, I don't know.
Howsomever, his case is bad—the man has a bad conscience;
though, perhaps, 'tis only a small touch of the horrors,—for he has
been drinking hard ever since he has been in prison."

"Oh, the devil take him, base turncoat and betrayer," said Affidavy:
"I hold honour among thieves to be as good a rule as honesty
between friends. And between you and me, Lingo, he has served the
Hawks a turn they will not forget. You know how they hanged that
soldier, Parker? Well now, two pigs to a pound of butter, as the
saying is, you'll hear of this fellow swinging in a swamp, some time
before doomsday."

"Ay; when they get him," said Lingo, "and with all my heart. But,
you see, there's no talk of proceeding against him; and when the
trial's over, I reckon he'll show the county a clean pair of heels—that
is, if he ever gets over his hurts; for, you must know, there's
something of the staggers about him,—a sort of horrors, as I said,—
but I don't know; and if you stay here long enough, you'll hear him
squeal out in his sleep, like a choking dog. Ods bobs! he made a
squeak last night, and I thought the devil had him: so I runs into his
room, and there I sees him sitting on his bed-side, all of a shiver,
and as white as a sheet, singing out, as if he was talking to old
Nicodemus,

'Shake not your jolly locks at me,'

or something of that natur', I dunna what, but it was about locks

and bolts, and the lord knows what; but I fetched him a box on the
ear; and that brought him to, and he fell to groaning. And now,
Affidavy, here's to you; and I don't care if I do you a bit of a service,
though I don't see what good can come of it. If it will do your cause
any service, to knock this here testimony on the head, why a hint's
as good as a long sermon, as the saying is. Just 'validate him on the
p'int of his upper story, and call me and Hanschen to swear to his
doings and sayings; for I reckon, he's a clearer non cumpuss case
than the prisoner. Howsomever, that can't do no good; for I'm clear
in for swearing to the youngster's admitting he killed the deceased,
which is quite a settler of the whole hash."

"Tush," said Affidavy, "let him swear, and swear his best. There is
testimony enough to do the business, if we trust to that. The devil
take the case; I won't bother my brains with it any further. However,
Lingo, my boy, it was a queer thing of yours, that letting the prisoner
go clear of gloves and garters. He might break jail,—eh, my boy!"

"As how?" said Lingo. "No, squire, you don't come over me there. I
clapped the irons on him at first; but, you see, poor fellow, I saw he
was sick, and just as weak and heavy-hearted as a pipped poult, and
no more fear of dodging in him than an old horse: so I knocked the
clinkers off, and let him have the swing of the room, poor fellow;
and there he's safe enough. Moresomover, I never heard tell of his
being much of a Hawk, only in blood and name; and I have a sort of
pity on him."

"Ah, yes," said Affidavy, with a melancholy stare; "if you were to
hear his story, Lingo, it would melt your heart; for you have a soft
heart, Lingo, a merciful heart, Lingo; and it will go well with you,
Lingo; for there's something said in the Bible about the merciful."

"Well," said Lingo, "I don't set up for much of that, nor for much
religion neither; but I never beats a prisoner, except when he's
contrary; and this here youngster seems much of a gentleman; and
I have a notion, if he's well treated, he may leave me something; for
he has a gold watch, (howsomever, the Sheriff's got it;) and, they
say, he's well-to-do in the world.—But, squire, drink on; it's getting
late."

"Let it," said Affidavy; "here am I fixed for the night; for how do I
know but that you may be in trouble before morning, and may want
a friend to help you?"

"Trouble! and help!" said Lingo, looking up with surprise. "If you
mean that Sterling and his squeaking, why, ods bobs, it only needs a
cuff or two to bring him about. Ods bobs, Affidavy," he added, with
a grin, "if you stay, I reckon, it's you may want a friend to help you.
I don't say nothing; but he that's got a speech to make before court
and jury to-morrow, should not be too free of the creatur' to-night."

Affidavy, who had not yet betrayed any strong symptoms of being
affected by his good cheer, shook his head mysteriously, and then
replied,

"There's no telling what might happen, Lingo. These refugees are

devils incarnate, as far as daring goes. The whole regiment here is
out in chase of them, and all the able-bodied men of the village in
company; so that there's nothing left to keep guard over us but old
women and young ones. Now, Lingo, we'll suppose a case—how

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