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UPDATED TO 2023-2025 SYLLABUS

COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT

MATH
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

1. Fundamentals 1.4. Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

Parallel lines have the same slope and never intersect.
1.1. Definition of Function Perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative
reciprocals and intersect at a right angle.
A function is a mathematical relationship where each
input (or independent variable) corresponds to exactly 1.5. Two equations with infinitely many
one output (or dependent variable).
solutions
f (x) = y
f = name of the f unction When dealing with two equations with infinitely many
x = input value, y = output value solutions, finding a way to make them equal is essential.
This equality signifies that the equations represent the
Functions are just another way to express graphs. same line.

1.2. The Coordinate Plane 1.6. Two Equations with no solutions

The coordinate plane is divided into four sections called When given two equations with no solutions, find a way
quadrants, formed by the intersection of the x and y to compare slopes.
axes. The equations represent parallel lines.
Any point on the coordinate plane can be pinpointed
using a pair of numbers (x, y), where x represents the 1.7. Points of intersection
horizontal position and y represents the vertical position.
(0, 0) are the coordinates of the intersection of the two The points of intersection refer to the locations where
axes (also called the Origin). two or more lines are on a coordinate plane.
The quadrants are numbered counterclockwise, starting These points represent the standard solutions or shared
from the top right. values between the different equations or functions.
Quadrants help determine whether x and y are positive
or negative.
Sometimes, knowing the quadrant a point is in and what 1.8. The root of a Function
that means is all you need to find the answer.
The root of a function is a value for which the function
equals zero. In other words, if you have a function f (x),
the root of the function is a value of x for which f (x) =
0.
It is also known as solutions, zeros, or x-intercepts.
It is the point where the graph crosses the x-axis and
where y = 0.

2. Equation of a Line
2.1. Slope-Intercept Form
1.3. Slope
When you know the slope and the y-intercept of a line,
The slope is the rate of change of a line. you can use this information to form the equation of the
It is denoted by the letter m. line.
It is the change in the y-coordinates over the change in A slope intercept equation takes the form
the x-coordinates.
y = mx + b
(y2 − y1 ) m = slope, b = y intercept
m=
​ ​

(x2 − x1 )
​

​ ​

The points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) lie on a line with a m

​ ​ ​ ​
2.2. Standard Form
slope.
The equation of a line in standard form is

Ax + By = C
A, B, and C are constants
A and B do not equal Zero

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

In standard form: The Graph of f (x) = x2 − c where c is a constant.

The Graph will shift down c units.
The slope of the line is − B
A ​

The y-intercept of the line is C

B ​

The x-intercept of the line is C

A ​

3. Graphing Functions
3.1. Definition
Graphing functions involve representing functions as
graphs on a coordinate plane.
The graph of a function shows the relationship between
the input and output values of the function. 3.5. Graph 4
This visual representation helps in understanding the
behavior, roots, intercepts, and other properties of the The Graph of f (x) = (x + c)2 where c is a constant.
function. The Graph will shift c units to the left.
In the SAT, There are some questions about how the
graph of a function would shift if a value were added to
it.

3.2. Graph 1
The graph of f (x) = x2

3.6. Graph 5
The Graph of f (x) = (x − c)2 where c is a constant.
The Graph will shift c units to the right.

3.3. Graph 2
The Graph of f (x) = x2 + c where c is a constant.
The Graph will shift up c units.

3.7. Positive & Negative Association

If the graph shows an upward slope, it is called a positive
association.

3.4. Graph 3

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

The point (h, k) is the vertex of the parabola.

The most helpful feature of the vertex form is it shows
the vertex of a parabola, which is the minimum value of y
when a > 0 or the maximum value of y when a < 0.
This feature enhances our understanding of the
parabola's shape and behavior.

5. Equation of a Circle
P ositive Association 5.1. The Equation
If the graph shows a downward slope, it is called a (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2
negative association.
In the equation, the center of the circle is the point (h, k),
and its radius is r.

N egative Association

4. Equations of a Parabola
4.1. Standard Form
y = ax2 + bx + c
The value of a indicates whether a parabola opens
upward or downwards.
If a is positive, the parabola opens upward.
If a is negative, the parabola opens downwards.
x coordinate of the vertex is found using the formula =
b
− 2a ​

4.2. Factored Form

y = a(x − r1 )(x − r2 )
​ ​

r1 and r2 are the roots or intercepts of the parabola.

​ ​

4.3. Vertex Form

y = a(x − h)2 + k

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College Board Digital SAT
Math

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