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G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40

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JDBC or Java Database Connectivity is a Java API to connect and execute

the query with the database. It is a specification from Sun microsystems that
provides a standard abstraction(API or Protocol) for java applications to
communicate with various databases. It provides the language with java
database connectivity standards. It is used to write programs required to
access databases. JDBC, along with the database driver, can access
databases and spreadsheets. The enterprise data stored in a relational
database(RDB) can be accessed with the help of JDBC APIs.
Definition of JDBC(Java Database Connectivity)
JDBC is an API(Application programming interface) used in java
programming to interact with databases. The classes and interfaces of
JDBC allow the application to send requests made by users to the specified
database.
Purpose of JDBC
Enterprise applications created using the JAVA EE technology need to
interact with databases to store application-specific information. So,
interacting with a database requires efficient database connectivity, which
can be achieved by using the ODBC(Open database connectivity) driver.
This driver is used with JDBC to interact or communicate with various kinds
of databases such as Oracle, MS Access, Mysql, and SQL server database.
Components of JDBC
There are generally four main components of JDBC through which it can
interact with a database. They are as mentioned below:
1. JDBC API: It provides various methods and interfaces for easy
communication with the database. It provides two packages as follows,
which contain the java SE and Java EE platforms to exhibit WORA(write
once run anywhere) capabilities.
java.sql.*;
2. It also provides a standard to connect a database to a client application.
3. JDBC Driver manager: It loads a database-specific driver in an
application to establish a connection with a database. It is used to make a
database-specific call to the database to process the user request.
4. JDBC Test suite: It is used to test the operation(such as insertion,
deletion, updation) being performed by JDBC Drivers.
5. JDBC-ODBC Bridge Drivers: It connects database drivers to the
database. This bridge translates the JDBC method call to the ODBC function
call. It makes use of the sun.jdbc.odbc package which includes a native
library to access ODBC characteristics.
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G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
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Architecture of JDBC
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330

Architecture of JDBC

Description:
1. Application: It is a java applet or a servlet that communicates with a data
source.
2. The JDBC API: The JDBC API allows Java programs to execute SQL
statements and retrieve results. Some of the important classes and
interfaces defined in JDBC API are as follows:
3. DriverManager: It plays an important role in the JDBC architecture. It
uses some database-specific drivers to effectively connect enterprise
applications to databases.
4. JDBC drivers: To communicate with a data source through JDBC, you
need a JDBC driver that intelligently communicates with the respective
data source.
JDBC Drivers
JDBC drivers are client-side adapters (installed on the client machine, not on
the server) that convert requests from Java programs to a protocol that the
DBMS can understand. There are 4 types of JDBC drivers:
1. Type-1 driver or JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
2. Type-2 driver or Native-API driver
3. Type-3 driver or Network Protocol driver
4. Type-4 driver or Thin driver

Types of JDBC Architecture(2-tier and 3-tier)

The JDBC architecture consists of two-tier and three-tier processing

models to access a database. They are as described below:
1. Two-tier model: A java application communicates directly to the data
source. The JDBC driver enables the communication between the
application and the data source. When a user sends a query to the data
source, the answers for those queries are sent back to the user in the
form of results.
The data source can be located on a different machine on a network to
which a user is connected. This is known as a client/server
configuration, where the user’s machine acts as a client, and the
machine has the data source running acts as the server.

2. Three-tier model: In this, the user’s queries are sent to middle-tier

services, from which the commands are again sent to the data source.
The results are sent back to the middle tier, and from there to the user.
This type of model is found very useful by management information
system directors.
Interfaces of JDBC API
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A list of popular interfaces of JDBC API is given below:

 Driver interface
 Connection interface
 Statement interface
 PreparedStatement interface
 CallableStatement interface
 ResultSet interface
 ResultSetMetaData interface
 DatabaseMetaData interface
 RowSet interface
Classes of JDBC API
A list of popular classes of JDBC API is given below:
 DriverManager class
 Blob class
 Clob class
 Types class
Working of JDBC
Java application that needs to communicate with the database has to be
programmed using JDBC API. JDBC Driver supporting data sources such as
Oracle and SQL server has to be added in java application for JDBC support
which can be done dynamically at run time. This JDBC driver intelligently
communicates the respective data source.
Creating a simple JDBC application
 Java

package com.vinayak.jdbc;

import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCDemo {

public static void main(String args[])

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G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
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throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException

String driverClassName

= "sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver";

String url = "jdbc:odbc:XE";

String username = "scott";

String password = "tiger";

String query

= "insert into students values(109, 'bhatt')";

// Load driver class

Class.forName(driverClassName);

// Obtain a connection

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(

url, username, password);

// Obtain a statement

Statement st = con.createStatement();
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G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330

// Execute the query

int count = st.executeUpdate(query);

System.out.println(

"number of rows affected by this query= "

+ count);

// Closing the connection as per the

// requirement with connection is completed

con.close();

} // class

The above example demonstrates the basic steps to access a database

using JDBC. The application uses the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver to connect
to the database. You must import java.sql package to provide basic SQL
functionality and use the classes of the package.
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330

JSP application implicit object

In JSP, application is an implicit object of type ServletContext.

The instance of ServletContext is created only once by the web container when application or
project is deployed on the server.

This object can be used to get initialization parameter from configuaration file (web.xml). It
can also be used to get, set or remove attribute from the application scope.

This initialization parameter can be used by all jsp pages.

Example of application implicit object:

index.html
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1. <form action="welcome">
2. <input type="text" name="uname">
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
4. </form>
web.xml file

1. <web-app>
2.
3. <servlet>
4. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
5. <jsp-file>/welcome.jsp</jsp-file>
6. </servlet>
7.
8. <servlet-mapping>
9. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
10. <url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>
11. </servlet-mapping>
12.
13. <context-param>
14. <param-name>dname</param-name>
15. <param-value>sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver</param-value>
16. </context-param>
17.
18. </web-app>
welcome.jsp

1. <%
2.
3. out.print("Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname"));
4.
5. String driver=application.getInitParameter("dname");
6. out.print("driver name is="+driver);
7.
8. %>
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G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330

Output

JSTL (JSP Standard Tag Library)

The JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) represents a set of tags to simplify the JSP
development.

Advantage of JSTL

1. Fast Development JSTL provides many tags that simplify the JSP.
2. Code Reusability We can use the JSTL tags on various pages.
3. No need to use scriptlet tag It avoids the use of scriptlet tag.
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330

JSTL Tags
There JSTL mainly provides five types of tags:

Tag Description
Name

Core tags The JSTL core tag provide variable support, URL management, flow control,
etc. The URL for the core tag is http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core. The
prefix of core tag is c.

Function The functions tags provide support for string manipulation and string
tags length. The URL for the functions tags
is http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions and prefix is fn.

Formatting The Formatting tags provide support for message formatting, number and
tags date formatting, etc. The URL for the Formatting tags
is http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt and prefix is fmt.

XML tags The XML tags provide flow control, transformation, etc. The URL for the
XML tags is http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml and prefix is x.

SQL tags The JSTL SQL tags provide SQL support. The URL for the SQL tags
is http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql and prefix is sql.
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330
Sumaya academy
G61 near walia nursing home opposite metro pillar 40
Laxminagar delhi-32
8826767298,8826764330