International Standard

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.MEIKAYHAPO~HAR OPI-AHkl3AUMFl l-IO CTAH~APTM3Al_lWl.ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Technical drawings - Fundamental tolerancing principle

Dessins techniques - Principe de tolhancement de base

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Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
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International Standard IS0 8015 was prepared Technical Committee ISO/TC 10,
Technical drawings. (standards.iteh.ai)
bY

ISO 8015:1985
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made hereinhttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0228765-d091-42dc-ad54-
to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated. f2c7ffc8c25b/iso-8015-1985

0 International Organization for Standardization, 1985

Printed in Switzerland
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8015-1985 (E)

Technical drawings - Fundamental tolerancing principle

1 Scope Therefore, where no relationship is specified, the geometrical

tolerance applies regardless of feature size, and the two re-
This International Standard specifies the principle of the re- quirements are treated as being unrelated.
lationship between dimensional (linear and angular) tolerances
and geometrical tolerances. Consequently, if a particular relationship of

- size and form, or

2 Field of application
- size and orientation, or
The specified principle shall be applied on technical drawings
and related technical documents to - size and location
- linear dimensions and their tolerances ;
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angular dimensions and their tolerances;
required, it shall be specified on the drawing (see clause 6).

- geometrical tolerances ;
(standards.iteh.ai)
which define the following four aspects for each feature of the
part : ISO 8015:1985 5 Tolerances
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0228765-d091-42dc-ad54-
- size ; 5.1 Dimensional tolerances
f2c7ffc8c25b/iso-8015-1985
- form;
5.1 .I Linear tolerances
- orientation ;
- location. A linear tolerance controls only the actual local sizes (two-point
measurements) of a feature, but not its form deviations (for
example circularity and straightness deviations of a cylindrical
3 References feature or flatness deviations of two parallel plane surfaces).
(See IS0 286/l.)
IS0 286/l, /SO system of limits and fits - Part 7: Bases of
tolerances, deviations and fits. 1) Form deviations shall, however, be controlled by the following :

IS0 1101, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - - individually indicated form tolerances;
Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out -
Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings. - general geometrical tolerances ;

IS0 2692, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - - envelope requirement.

Maximum material principle. 2,

NOTE - For the purposes of this International Standard, a single

feature consists of a cylindrical surface or two parallel plane surfaces.
4 Principle of independency
There is no control of the geometrical interrelationship of individual
Each specified dimensional or geometrical requirement on a features by the linear tolerances. For example, the perpendicularity of
drawing shall be met independently, unless a particular re- the sides of a cube is not controlled and, therefore, it requires a perpen-
lationship is specified. dicularity tolerance dictated by the design requirement.

I) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO/ R 286-1962.)

2) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of IS0 1101/2-1974.)

1
IS0 8015-1985(E)

5.1.2 Angular tolerances Form deviations shall, however, be controlled by the following :

An angular tolerance, specified in angular units, controls only - individually indicated form tolerances;
the general orientation of lines or line elements of surfaces, but
not their form deviations (see figure 1). - general geometrical tolerances.

The general orientation of the line derived from the actual sur-
face is the orientation of the contacting line of ideal geometrical 5.2 Geometrical tolerances
form (see figure 1). The maximum distance between the con-
tacting line and the actual line shall be the least possible value. Geometrical tolerances control the deviation of the feature
from its theoretically exact

- form, or

A- Contacting line
-

-
orientation,
location
or

regardless of the feature size.

The geometrical tolerances will, therefore, apply independently

of the actual local sizes of individual features (see clause 4).
The geometrical deviations may be at a maximum whether or
not the cross-sections of the respective features are at
maximum material size.

For instance, a shaft with maximum material size at any cross-

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may have a lobed form deviation within the circularity
tolerance, and may also be bent by the amount of the
Figure 1 (standards.iteh.ai)
straightness tolerance [see figures 2a) and 2b)l.

ISO 8015:1985
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f2c7ffc8c25b/iso-8015-1985

a) Drawing indication
Maximum Ii&it of size

Maximum circularity deviation

(resulting from a lobed form)
Maximum limit Maximum straightness
-
of size deviation

b) Interpretation

Figure 2
 IS0 80154985 E)

6 Mutual dependency of size and geometry

Mutual dependency of size and geometry may be called for by

- the envelope requirement (see 6.1) ;

- the maximum material principle (see 6.2).

6.1 Envelope requirement

For a single feature, either a cylindrical surface or a feature established by two parallel plane surfaces (feature of size), the envelope
requirement may be applied. The requirement means that the envelope of perfect form at maximum material size of the feature shall
not be violated.

The envelope requirement may be indicated either

- by the symbol @ placed after the linear tolerance [see figure 3a)l, or
- by reference to an appropriate standard which invokes the envelope requirement.

Example : Envelope requirement applied to a cylindrical feature

a) Drawing indication

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oo-
272(standards.iteh.ai)
--- ----

z
Gv
ISO 8015:1985
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f2c7ffc8c25b/iso-8015-1985
Figure 3a)

b) Functional requirements :

- The surface of the cylindrical feature shall not extend beyond the envelope of perfect form at maximum material size
ofs150.

- No actual local size shall be less than 0 149,96.

This means that the actual part shall meet the following requirements:

- each actual local diameter of the shaft shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,04 and, therefore, may vary between
8 150 and 0 149,96 [see figure 3b)l;

A’ 0 1 -A-

6- G -t3”

m-w m-m

1~

dl , d2, d3 : actual local diameters

Figure 3b)

3
 - the entire shaft sha ll remain within the boundary of the envelope cylinder of perfect form and of 0 150 [see figures 3~)
and 3d)l.

Envelope of perfect form

rat maximum material size

1 Actual local ]
diameters

Figuie 3~)

7 Envelope of perfect form

at maximum material size

A
z
6-
t
0
Ln ---
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G
A

(standards.iteh.ai)
T
I
Actual local
diameters ISO
-I 8015:1985
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0228765-d091-42dc-ad54-
8 149,96
f2c7ffc8c25b/iso-8015-1985

Figure 3d)

Hence it follows that the shaft shall be exactly cylindrical when all actual local diameters are at the maximum material size of 0 150
[see figure 3e)l.

r
Envelope of perfect form
at maximum material size

7 ’ 4
A

0 0
Ln -- ln ----

z z

LActual local diameter

Figure 3e)

4
 IS0 80154985 E)

6.2 Maximum material principle 7.2 Designation

If for functional and economic reasons there is a requirement Drawings to which the principle of independency applies shall
for the mutual dependency of the size and orientation or be identified by being marked in or close to the drawing title
location of the feature(s), then the maximum material principle block as follows:
0 M may be applied (see IS0 2692).
Tolerancing IS0 8015

This indication shall be supplemented by a reference to the ap-

7 Application on drawings propriate standard for general geometrical tolerances or to
other related documents.
7.1 Completeness of drawings
Some national standards (which should be referred to on the
The drawing should specify dimensional and geometrical drawing) lay down that the envelope requirement for single
tolerances necessary to check the part completely for its features is the norm and is, therefore, not separately specified
function. on the drawing.

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(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 8015:1985
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