[MAA 4.1-4.

3] STATISTICS – BASIC CONCEPTS

SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions
1.
Number of children in a family discrete

Height of Greek men continuous

Time spent in a supermarket continuous

Final grade in IB exams discrete

100m sprint time continuous

100m sprint time to the nearest second discrete

2. 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A

3. (a)
measures of central tendency measures of spread
mean 5 range 8–2=6
median 6 IQR 6.5 – 2.5 = 4
mode 6 standard deviation 2.0548…  2.05

(b) variance = 2.05482  4.22

4. Data in order: 2, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8.
45
(a)  x  45 , x
9
5

(b) Median: 6 ( 5th position)

(c) Mode: 6 (the most frequent)
23 67
(d) (i) Q1   2.5 , (ii) Q3   6.5 .
2 2

5. (a)
measures of central tendency measures of spread
mean 6.76 range 10 – 4 = 6
median 6 IQR 8.5 – 5 = 3.5
mode 6 standard deviation 1.84997…  1.85

(b) variance = 1.849972  3.42

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 550
6.  x  4 10  5  30  6  60  550 , x
100
 5.5

7. (a) Median: 6 ( between 100 th and 101st position)

(b) Mode: 6 (the most frequent)
89
(c) (i) Q1  5 , (ii) Q3   8.5 .
2
(d) 54 out of 200, that is 27%
(e) (i) 20% of 200 = 40, so 20th percentile = 5
(ii) 65% of 200 = 130, so 65th percentile = 7.5
(f)

8. (a) 51, 53, 57, 60

(b) mode = 84, median = 78
(c) range = 48, IQR = 84 – 60 = 24

9.
stem leaf Key 16|1 represents 161
16 115679
17 33577
18 034
19 2557

10. mean = 25 standard deviation = 5 5 variance = 125

mean standard deviation variance

+2 27 5 5 125
2 50 10 5 500
+a 25 + a 5 5 125
a 25a 5a 5 125a2

3  16 + 8  28 + 13  26 + 18  14
11. (a) mean = = 10.3
84

OR directly by GDC: List 1: 3,8,13,18 List 2: 16, 28, 26, 14

(b) modal group: 6-10
(c) standard deviation = 4.90412… = 4.90 variance = (4.90412…)2 = 24.1

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A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

12.

(c) σ2 = (3.402)2 = 11.6

13. By GDC
(a) (i) mean = 9.46,, median – 8.75
(b) σ2 = (4.267)2 = 18.2
(c) (i) the interquartile range is 13.45 – 5.7 = 7.75
(ii) Outlier:
values less than 5.7-(1.5)(7.75) = -5.925
values greater that 13.45 + (1.5)(7.75) = 25.075
Hence, there are no outliers.

14. Median = middle value  b = 11

a  b  c a  11  c
Mean =  = 9  a + 11 + c = 27  a + c = 16
3 3
Range = c – a = 10
Solving equations simultaneously gives a = 3

15. d = 11; c = 11
d – a = 8  11 – a = 8  a  3
3  b  11  11
8
4
b=7

16. b = 3, c = 3
 abcd 
using mean   4  and range (d  a = 6)
 4 
a = 2, d = 8

17. (a) (i) r = 10

(ii) s = 13

(b)
 x 10  t = 18
12

18. (a) A = 18, B = 19, C = 23, D = 31, E = 36

(b) IQR = 12

19. (a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 25% scored greater than 6,
0.25  32 = 8

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20. (a) 18
(b) (i) 10
(ii) 44

21. (a) max = 27, min = 4, range = 23

(b) Graph 3

x  2230 
22. (a) mean     x  49.6
n  45 
(b)  y  2230  37  30
2297
y  48.9
47

300
23. (a) m= = 12
25
25
(b) x
i 1
i = 2510 = 250

 x k  2  k  k  1  k  4 4k  3
i 1
i
 3
24. (a) x    k  
n 4 4  4
(b) Either attempting to find the new mean or subtracting 3 from x
4k  3  4k  9 9
x  3  ,k  
4  4 4

(72  1.79)  (28  1.62)

25. Mean = = 1.7424 (= 1.74 to 3 sf)
100

26. Jan–Sept  = 630 × 9 = 5670

Oct–Dec  = 810 × 3 = 2430
5670  2430
x = 675
12
27. μ = 29.9
σ2 = (0.1802)2 = 0.325

28.

(b)

29. (a) ∑ fi = 100  k = 4

(b) (i) median = 3
(ii) Q1 = and Q3 = 5
interquartile range = 4

4
30. (a) Median = 4
5  18  48  72  100  42 285
(b) Mean = = = 3.8 (or directly mean = 3.8)
75 75

31. (a) σ = 1.61

(b) median = 4.5
(c) Q1 = 3, Q3 = 5
IQR = 2

32.
x f f
4 2 2
5 5 7
6 4 11
7 3 14
8 4 18
10 2 20
12 1 21
(a) m=6
(b) Q1 = 5
(c) Q3 = 8, IQR = 8 – 5 = 3

33. p < 10 because 2 is the mode

Possible values of p are 8 and 9
34. (a) (i) p =34 + 35 = 69
(ii) q =109 – 69 = 40, OR q =120 – (9 + 25 + 35 + 11)
(b) mean = 3.16
(c) 1.09

35. (a) (i) p = 65

(ii) q = 34
(b) median is 17 (sit-ups)
(c) mean = 17.4

144  4k
35. (a) 4.6 =
k  30
4.6k + 138 = 144 + 4k
0.6k = 6
k = 10
(b) Mode = 4
(10  1)  (20  2)  (30  5)  (40  k )  (50  3)
37. = 34
k  11
40k  350
 = 34  k = 4
k  11

38. (a) (i) 145 (ii) 157 (iii) 167

(b)

Heights/cm
130 140 150 160 170 180

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39. (a) mean = 49.9
(b) standard deviation = 21.4 hours.

40. (a) Median = 136.5 (accept 136 or 137)

(b) Q1 = 131, Q2 = 143 (accept 1) IQ Range = 143 – 131 = 12 (accept 1)

41. (a) 28 spent less than 20 minutes

184 spent less than 40 minutes
156 spent between 20 and 40 minutes
(b) 40 % of 250 = 100
40th percentile = 29 minutes
(c) 80 % spent less than x minutes (this is in fact the 80th percentile)
80 % of 250 = 200
x = 44 minutes (accept 45)

42. (a)
Age range Frequency Mid - interval value
0  age < 20 40 10
20  age < 40 70 30
40  age < 60 100 50
60  age < 80 50 70
80  age  100 10 90

(b) Mean = 44.1

43.
90
80
C um ulative frequency

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LQ = 14 M = 20 UQ = 24
Diameter (mm)
(a) (i) median = 20
(ii) Q3 = 24
(b) IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 10
44. (a) median is 183
(b) Lower quartile Q1  175
Upper quartile Q3  189
IQR is 14

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45.

(a) 100 students score 40 marks or fewer.

(b) For 200 and 600, lines on graph
a = 55, b = 75

46. (a) median m = 32

(b) lower quartile Q1 = 22, upper quartile Q3 = 40
interquartile range = 18
(c)
Time (minutes) Number of students
0 ≤ t < 10 5
10 ≤ t < 20 11
20 ≤ t < 30 20
30 ≤ t < 40 24
40 ≤ t < 50 14
50 ≤ t < 60 6

47. (a) (i) m = 165

(ii) Q1 = 160 Q2 = 170
IQR = 10
(b) 40th percentile, 48th student (a horizontal line through (0, 48) )
a = 163

48. (a)
Mark (x) 0 ≤ x < 20 20 ≤ x < 40 40 ≤ x < 60 60 ≤ x < 80 80 ≤ x < 100
No of Students 22 50(±1) 66(±1) 42(±1) 20

(b) 40th Percentile  80th student fails, (mark 42%)

Pass mark 43% (Accept mark > 42.)

49. (a) (i) 76 (mice) (ii) 98 (mice)

(b) (i) 11.2 (seconds) (ii) 9.7
(c) (i) p = 38
q = 132  76 = 56
(ii) x = 11.2

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50. (a) Median = 50 (allow 49 or 51)
(b) Interquartile range = 60 – 40 = 20 (allow 59, 61, 39, 41
and corresponding difference)
(c)
Time to complete puzzle in seconds Number of applicants
20 < t ≤ 30 10
30 < t ≤ 35 6
35 < t ≤ 40 9
40 < t ≤ 45 11
45 < t ≤ 50 14
50 < t ≤ 60 25
60 < t ≤ 80 25
Notes: Allow ±1 on each entry provided total adds up to 100.

51.

52. (a) D B C
(b) B A C

53. (a) Required percentage = 25%

(b) Required percentage = 75%

54. (a) (i) 10

(ii) 14 + 10 = 24
(b)
xi fi
15 1
25 5
35 7
45 9
55 10
65 16
75 14
85 10
95 8
80
(i)  = 63
(ii)  = 20.5 (3 sf)
(c) Assymetric diagram/distribution

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B. Exam style questions (LONG)

55. (a) (i) 50 (accept 49)

(ii) 90  50= 40
(iii) 75th person, median = 6.25 (min), 6 min 15 secs
(b) Top 40% of 150 = 60, so up to 90. k = 7
(c) (i)
t (minutes) 0t<2 2t<4 4t<6 6t<8 8  t < 10 10  t < 12
Frequency 10 23 37 38 27 15

(ii) mid-interval values (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11)

 110  3 23  5  37  7  38  9  27  1115 
mean =   = 6.25 (min), 6 min 15 secs
 150 
OR directly by GSC: Statistics

29450
56. (a) (Using mid-intervals) mean = 98.2 km h–1 ( )
300
(b) (i) a = 165, b = 275
(ii)

320

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
280
255 Cars
Number of cars

240

200

160

120

80
105 kmh –1

40

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 v (kmh–1)

–1
(c) (i) Vertical line on graph at 105 km h
300  200
percentage = × 100% = 33.3(±1.3%)
300

(ii) 15% of 300 = 45 300 – 45 = 255

Horizontal line on graph at 255 cars
Speed = 114(± 2 km h–1)

9
57. (a)
x 15 45 75 105 135 165 195 225
f 5 15 33 21 11 7 5 3

_
x = 97.2 (exactly)

(b)
x 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Σf 5 20 53 74 85 92 97 100

(c)

100
f 90
80
70
60
customers

50
40
30
20
10 Q3
a n
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

(d) Median = 87 ± 2
Lower quartile = 65 ± 2
Upper quartile = 123 ± 2

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58. (a)

Houses
100
91±1

90

80 75

70

60

350 000
50

40

30
25

20
135±5

240±5

10

100 200 300 400 500 Selling price ($1000)

(b) Q1 = 135  5 Q3 = 240  5

Interquartile range = 105  10.

(c) a = 94 – 87 = 7, b = 100 – 94 = 6

1250   46150   29250   7350   6450 

(d) mean = = 199 or $199000
100
OR by using GDC: Statistics

(e) (i) $350000 => 91.5

Number of De luxe houses 100 – 91.5 = 9 or 8
65 5 6  5  15
(ii) P (both > 400000) =    or   
9  8  12 8  7  28

11
59. (a)
Mark  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100
No. of Candidates 15 65 165 335 595 815 905 950 980 1000

(b)

1000

900

800

700

600
No. of candidates

500

400

300

200

100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Marks

(c) (i) Median = 46

(ii) Scores < 35: 240 candidates
(iii) Top 15%  Mark  63
Note: Answers based on the student’s graph are accepted.

12
60. (a) x = $59 (by GDC : Statistics)
OR
10  24  30 16  ...  110 10  130  4 7860
x = = $59
24  16  ...  10  4 134
(b)
Money ($) <20 <40 <60 <80 <100 <120 <140
Customers 24 40 62 102 120 130 134

140

120
number
of 100
customers
80

60

40

20

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

money ($)

(c) (i) t = 2d2/3 + 3

Mean d = 59
Mean t  2 × (59)2/3 + 3 33.3 min. (3 sf)

(ii) t > 37  2d2/3 + 3 > 37

By GDC d > 70.1
From the graph, when d = 70.1, n = 82
number of shoppers = 134 – 82 = 52

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61. (a) Mid interval values 14, 23, 32, 41, 50
7(14)  12(23)  13(32)  10(41)  8(50) 1600
w = = = 32 (kg)
50 50
(OR by GDC:Statistics)

(b) METHOD 1
Total weight of other boxes = 1600  50x
Total number of other boxes = 50  x
1600  50 x
= 30  x = 5
50  x

METHOD 2
Let z be the number of other boxes in Class E
Total weight of other boxes = 1200 + 50z
Total number of other boxes = 42 + z
1200  50 z
= 30 z = 3
42  z

Hence x = 5

98  276  416  41(10  y)  400 1600  41y

(c)  33   33  y  6.25
50  y 50  y

The largest possible value of y is 6

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