PRJ DE 1 SUPPORTING DOCUMENT

As a Data Engineer, I have a solid foundation in IT with 2 years of experience, focusing particularly on
ETL processes and data management. In my previous role, I worked extensively on automating ETL
workflows using Python and AWS technologies like Lambda for serverless computing and S3 for
storage. I've also gained proficiency in data warehousing with Snowflake, where I implemented data
pipelines to transform and load structured data for business intelligence purposes.

Specifically, I have experience designing and optimizing database schemas using Snowflake's
dimensional modeling techniques, such as Snowflake schema, to ensure efficient data storage and
retrieval. Additionally, I've worked on integrating data from various sources, including APIs, into
cohesive datasets suitable for analysis and reporting using tools like Power BI.

My technical skills also extend to scripting in Python for data manipulation and transformation,
ensuring data quality and consistency throughout the ETL process. I thrive in collaborative
environments where I can leverage my skills to solve complex data challenges and contribute to
impactful projects.

The project is situated within the domain of construction management, specifically focusing on
optimizing project operations and data management. The client operates within the construction
sector, where efficient project planning, resource allocation, and progress tracking are critical for
successful project delivery. This sector typically involves managing various stakeholders, including
contractors, suppliers, and regulatory bodies, to ensure projects are completed on time and within
budget while maintaining high standards of quality and safety.

In my role as a Data Engineer on this project, I receive tasks primarily through our project
management tool, where tasks are assigned based on project priorities and timelines.

1. Task Assignment: Tasks are assigned either directly through our project management tool or
during team meetings where priorities are discussed.

2. Task Understanding: I begin by thoroughly understanding the requirements of the task, which may
involve reviewing specifications, discussing with stakeholders, or consulting technical
documentation.

3. Planning and Design: For each task, I plan out the technical approach, considering factors like data
sources, transformation requirements, and the integration with existing systems.
4. Development: Using Python and relevant AWS services such as Lambda for serverless computing, I
implement the required ETL processes. This involves scripting to extract data from ERP APIs,
transform it as per business rules using Python-based transformations, and load it into Snowflake for
further analysis.

5. Testing: I conduct rigorous testing to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data transformations.
This includes unit testing of Python scripts, integration testing within the AWS environment, and
validation of data integrity in Snowflake.

6. Deployment: Once testing is successful, I deploy the ETL processes into production, often
leveraging CI/CD pipelines to automate deployment and ensure consistency.

7. Monitoring and Maintenance: Post-deployment, I monitor the ETL pipelines for performance and
data quality issues. I set up alerts using AWS CloudWatch or similar tools to proactively address any
issues that may arise.

8. Documentation: Throughout the process, I maintain comprehensive documentation, detailing the

design decisions, data flows, and troubleshooting steps. This ensures smooth knowledge transfer and
supports future enhancements or maintenance.

SAMPLE WORK

1. Setup and Environment Preparation:

- Python Scripting: Set up Python environments and libraries (e.g., `boto3` for AWS interactions,
`pandas` for data manipulation).

- AWS Infrastructure: Configure AWS services including Lambda for serverless execution, S3 buckets
for data storage, and IAM roles for permissions.

- Snowflake Data Warehouse: Define the database schema in Snowflake, including tables and
relationships based on dimensional modeling (Snowflake schema).

2. Data Extraction:

- Write Python scripts to extract data from ERP APIs using RESTful API calls or SDKs provided by the
ERP system.

- Store the extracted data in designated Amazon S3 buckets for temporary storage.

3. Data Transformation:

- Implement AWS Lambda functions triggered by new data arrival events in S3.
 - Use Python within Lambda functions to clean, validate, and transform raw data into a structured
format suitable for Snowflake.

- Handle data quality issues, such as missing values, outliers, or inconsistencies, as part of the
transformation process.

4. Data Loading:

- Develop Snowflake data pipelines to load transformed data from S3 into appropriate tables within
the data warehouse.

- Utilize Snowflake’s capabilities for efficient loading, including COPY INTO commands for bulk data
ingestion and appropriate staging tables for data validation.

5. Data Modeling and Optimization:

- Optimize Snowflake database performance by designing efficient schemas (Snowflake schema)

and indexing strategies tailored to query patterns.

- Ensure data integrity and consistency across dimension tables (e.g., Projects, Clients, Employees)
and the fact table (Project Facts).

6. Monitoring and Maintenance:

- Set up monitoring for ETL jobs using AWS CloudWatch or third-party tools to track job execution,
data volumes, and errors.

- Establish data retention policies and periodic data refresh schedules to keep the warehouse up-to-
date with ERP system changes.

7. Reporting and Visualization:

- Integrate with Power BI for creating reports and dashboards that provide insights into project
management metrics derived from the Snowflake data warehouse.

- Ensure that reporting requirements align with business stakeholders’ needs, offering timely and
accurate data for decision-making.

8. Documentation and Collaboration:

- Document the ETL process, including design decisions, data mappings, and job schedules, to
facilitate future maintenance and knowledge transfer.

- Collaborate with stakeholders, including data analysts, project managers, and ERP system
administrators, to validate requirements and ensure alignment with project goals.
project-de-1/

├── README.md # Project documentation and instructions

├── requirements.txt # Python dependencies

├── src/ # Source code directory

│ ├── etl/ # ETL scripts and modules

│ │ ├── api_extractor.py # Python script to extract data from ERP API

│ │ ├── data_transformer.py # Python script for data transformation

│ │ └── snowflake_loader.py # Python script to load data into Snowflake

│ │

│ ├── aws_lambda/ # AWS Lambda functions

│ │ ├── lambda_handler.py # AWS Lambda function for data transformation

│ │ └── lambda_utils.py # Utility functions for AWS Lambda

│ │

│ └── power_bi/ # Power BI reports and dashboards

│ ├── project_reports.pbix # Power BI report file

│ └── dashboard/ # Dashboard images or additional resources

├── config/ # Configuration files

│ ├── aws_config.json # AWS configuration settings

│ ├── snowflake_config.json # Snowflake connection parameters

│ └── power_bi_config.json # Power BI connection details

├── data/ # Data files (optional)

│ ├── extracted_data.json # Extracted data from ERP API

│ └── cleaned_data.json # Transformed data stored temporarily

└── docs/ # Additional project documentation

├── design_docs/ # Design documents

 ├── user_manuals/ # User manuals or guides

└── presentations/ # Project presentations

1. README.md:

- This file serves as the main documentation hub for your project, providing an overview, setup
instructions, and guidelines for contributors.

2. requirements.txt:

- Lists all Python dependencies required by the project. This includes libraries like `boto3`, `pandas`,
and `snowflake-connector-python`.

3. src/:

- etl/: Contains scripts responsible for the ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process.

- api_extractor.py: Python script to fetch data from the ERP API.

- data_transformer.py: Script for transforming raw data, possibly used in AWS Lambda or
standalone.

- snowflake_loader.py: Script to load transformed data into Snowflake.

- aws_lambda/: Holds AWS Lambda functions related to data processing and transformation.

- lambda_handler.py: AWS Lambda function handling data transformation triggered by S3 events.

- lambda_utils.py: Utility functions for AWS Lambda (e.g., S3 client setup).

- power_bi/: Contains Power BI reports and dashboards.

- project_reports.pbix: Power BI report file containing visualizations and insights.

- dashboard/: Directory for any additional assets or images used in Power BI.

4. config/:

- Stores configuration files for various services used in the project.

- aws_config.json: Configuration details for AWS services like Lambda and S3.

- snowflake_config.json: Snowflake connection parameters (user, password, account details).

- power_bi_config.json: Configuration settings for connecting Power BI to data sources.

5. data/:

- Directory to store data files generated during the ETL process.

- extracted_data.json: Raw data extracted from the ERP API.

 - cleaned_data.json: Transformed and cleaned data before loading into Snowflake (temporary
storage).

6. docs/:

- Contains additional project documentation to support development and usage.

- design_docs/: Detailed design documents or architecture diagrams.

- user_manuals/: User guides or manuals for using the project.

- presentations/: Slides or presentations about the project for stakeholders.

PIPELINE FLOW
Data Extraction Tasks

1. API Integration

- Task: Write Python scripts to fetch data from online databases or services.

- Example: Using `requests` library, fetch weather data from OpenWeatherMap API.

2. Web Scraping

- Task: Extract data from websites using tools like BeautifulSoup in Python.

- Example: Scrape product prices from an e-commerce website.

3. Database Querying

- Task: Retrieve information from databases using SQL queries.

- Example: Query employee records from a MySQL database.

4. File Parsing

- Task: Read data from files in different formats like CSV, JSON, or XML.

- Example: Parse log files to extract error messages.

5. Data Streaming

- Task: Continuously collect real-time data from sensors or IoT devices.

- Example: Stream temperature readings from IoT sensors to a data lake.

6. Social Media API Calls

- Task: Access and extract data from social media platforms using their APIs.

- Example: Retrieve user comments from Twitter using its API.

7. Log File Analysis

- Task: Parse and extract relevant data from log files generated by applications.

- Example: Extract access logs from a web server for analytics.

8. Cloud Storage Retrieval

- Task: Fetch data stored in cloud platforms like AWS S3 or Google Cloud Storage.

- Example: Download image files stored in an S3 bucket.

9. Sensor Data Extraction

- Task: Collect data from physical sensors deployed in industrial environments.

- Example: Capture temperature and humidity data from IoT sensors in a smart factory.

10. Data Aggregation

- Task: Combine and summarize data from multiple sources into a single dataset.

- Example: Aggregate daily sales data from different regional stores into a consolidated report.

11. API Rate Limit Handling

- Task: Manage the frequency and volume of data requests to avoid API restrictions.

- Example: Implement pagination and sleep intervals to stay within Twitter API rate limits.

12. Authentication Handling

- Task: Manage API keys or tokens required for accessing secured data sources.

- Example: Use OAuth tokens to authenticate and retrieve user data from a social media platform.
13. Data Validation

- Task: Check retrieved data for accuracy and completeness.

- Example: Validate email addresses extracted from a database for correct format.

14. Data Sampling

- Task: Extract a representative subset of data for analysis.

- Example: Randomly sample customer feedback data for sentiment analysis.

15. Streaming API Consumption

- Task: Continuously fetch and process data streams from services like Twitter Streaming API.

- Example: Capture real-time tweets containing specific keywords for sentiment analysis.

16. Data Preprocessing

- Task: Clean and prepare raw data for further analysis or storage.

- Example: Remove duplicate entries and handle missing values in a dataset extracted from a CRM
system.

17. Data Extraction Monitoring

- Task: Set up alerts and monitoring for failures or delays in data extraction processes.

- Example: Receive notifications when scheduled data extraction jobs fail to retrieve expected
data.

18. Text Parsing

- Task: Extract structured data from unstructured text documents.

- Example: Parse resumes to extract candidate skills and experience for recruitment purposes.

19. API Versioning

- Task: Handle changes in API endpoints and parameters across different versions.

- Example: Update API calls to Twitter API v2 endpoints for accessing new features.
20. Web API Pagination

- Task: Retrieve large datasets from APIs by navigating through paginated results.

- Example: Iteratively fetch and combine multiple pages of search results from an online
database.

Data Transformation Tasks

1. Data Cleaning:

- Definition: Removing errors and making data consistent.

- Example: Removing duplicate entries from a customer database.

2. Data Normalization:

- Definition: Organizing data to be more organized and consistent.

- Example: Converting all dates to the same format (e.g., YYYY-MM-DD).

3. Data Deduplication:

- Definition: Removing duplicate data entries.

- Example: Identifying and removing identical records from a dataset.

4. Data Filtering:

- Definition: Selecting specific data based on certain criteria.

- Example: Filtering out sales records from the last quarter.

5. Data Aggregation:

- Definition: Combining data to get summary information.

- Example: Calculating total sales revenue by month.

6. Data Transformation Rules:

- Definition: Defining how data is changed during transformation.

- Example: Applying a rule to convert currency values to a standard format.

7. Data Enrichment:

- Definition: Adding more information to existing data.

- Example: Adding customer demographic data (age, gender) to sales records.

8. Data Masking:

- Definition: Hiding sensitive data to protect privacy.

- Example: Replacing actual customer names with pseudonyms in a dataset.

9. Data Parsing:

- Definition: Breaking down complex data into simpler parts.

- Example: Extracting email addresses from a text field in a database.

10. Data Conversion:

- Definition: Changing data from one format to another.

- Example: Converting text data to numerical format for analysis.

11. Data Validation:

- Definition: Checking data to ensure it meets certain standards.

- Example: Verifying that all email addresses in a dataset are correctly formatted.

12. Data Wrangling:

- Definition: Cleaning and transforming raw data into a usable format.

- Example: Combining multiple datasets with different structures into a single cohesive dataset.

13. Data Integration:

- Definition: Combining data from different sources into one unified dataset.

- Example: Merging customer information from CRM and ERP systems.

14. Data Imputation:

 - Definition: Filling in missing data with estimated values.

- Example: Using the mean value of a column to fill missing numeric data.

15. Text Processing:

- Definition: Analyzing and manipulating text data.

- Example: Tokenizing sentences into words for sentiment analysis.

16. Data Quality Checks:

- Definition: Assessing data to ensure it meets required standards.

- Example: Checking for outliers in a dataset before analysis.

17. Data Transformation Pipelines:

- Definition: Series of steps to process data from start to finish.

- Example: Automating the process of cleaning, transforming, and loading data.

18. Data Schema Mapping:

- Definition: Defining how data fields in different schemas relate.

- Example: Mapping customer IDs between CRM and billing systems.

19. Data Enrichment with External APIs:

- Definition: Adding more data to existing records using external services.

- Example: Enhancing customer profiles with social media information.

20. Data Serialization:

- Definition: Converting data objects into a format for storage or transmission.

- Example: Serializing Python objects into JSON format for storage in a database.

Data Loading Tasks

1. Batch Loading

- Definition: Loading large chunks of data at scheduled times.

- Example: Every night at 2 AM, we load yesterday's sales data from our ERP system into our data
warehouse.

2. Streaming Data

- Definition: Loading data continuously as it arrives.

- Example: Our IoT devices send temperature readings every second, and we load this data in real-
time to monitor equipment performance.

3. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Jobs

- Definition: Moving data from source systems, transforming it, and loading it into a data
warehouse.

- Example: We extract customer data from our CRM, clean it to remove duplicates, and load it into
our marketing database.

4. Automated Data Ingestion

- Definition: Automatically bringing in data from various sources without manual intervention.

- Example: When a new file is uploaded to our S3 bucket, a Lambda function triggers, reads the file,
and loads its contents into our database.

5. Incremental Loading

- Definition: Adding only new or updated data since the last load.

- Example: Instead of reloading all customer data, we only add new orders received since yesterday
to our sales database.

6. Real-time Data Integration

- Definition: Integrating data as it is generated.

- Example: We use Kafka to collect website clickstream data instantly, processing it in real-time to
update our user behavior analytics dashboard.

7. Database Replication
 - Definition: Copying data from one database to another for backup or analytics purposes.

- Example: We replicate our production database to a reporting database every hour to run
analytics queries without impacting live operations.

8. Data Migration

- Definition: Transferring data from one storage system or format to another.

- Example: Moving our customer data from an on-premise MySQL database to AWS Redshift to take
advantage of cloud scalability.

9. Data Synchronization

- Definition: Ensuring data across systems is up-to-date and consistent.

- Example: Our ERP system updates inventory levels hourly, and we synchronize this data with our
e-commerce platform to prevent overselling.

10. Bulk Insertion

- Definition: Adding large amounts of data into a database in a single operation.

- Example: Using SQL's `COPY` command, we load millions of records from a CSV file into our
PostgreSQL database quickly and efficiently.

11. Change Data Capture (CDC)

- Definition: Capturing and loading only changed data.

- Example: With CDC, we track updates to customer addresses in our CRM and load only those
changes into our data warehouse, saving processing time.

12. Data Deduplication

- Definition: Identifying and removing duplicate records.

- Example: Before loading customer data into our database, we run a deduplication process to
ensure each record is unique.

13. Parallel Processing :Processing data simultaneously to speed up loading times.

 - Example: We use Spark to load and transform data in parallel across multiple nodes, reducing the
time it takes to process large datasets.

14. Data Quality Checks

- Definition: Verifying data accuracy and completeness before loading.

- Example: We run checks on incoming sales data to ensure all required fields are filled and values
are within expected ranges before loading it into our analytics platform.

15. Transactional Loading

- Definition: Loading data in small, manageable transactions for data integrity.

- Example: Our banking system loads customer transactions into our database transactionally to
ensure each transaction is processed correctly.

16. Compression and Encryption

- Definition: Shrinking data size and securing it before loading.

- Example: We compress and encrypt sensitive customer data before loading it into our cloud
storage to protect privacy and reduce storage costs.

17. Error Handling and Logging

- Definition: Managing and recording errors encountered during data loading.

- Example: We log each step of our data loading process and handle errors gracefully, retrying
failed operations automatically to ensure data reliability.

18. Database Indexing

- Definition: Organizing data for faster retrieval.

- Example: We create indexes on columns like customer IDs and product SKUs to speed up queries
when loading sales data into our database.

19. Data Partitioning: Dividing large datasets into smaller, manageable parts.

- Example: We partition our sales data by month, storing each month's transactions in separate
database partitions for easier management and faster queries.

20. Data Archiving

 - Definition: Moving older or less frequently accessed data to secondary storage.

- Example: We archive historical sales records older than five years to Amazon Glacier for long-
term storage, freeing up space in our primary database.

THE TEAM/Co-WORKERS:

1. Project Managers: They oversee the overall project timeline, resource allocation, and client
communications. They ensure that project milestones are met and manage stakeholder expectations.

2. Data Analysts: They work closely with me to understand data requirements, define metrics, and
create reports and visualizations using tools like Power BI. They rely on the data pipelines I develop
to access and analyze data for insights.

3. Software Developers: They contribute to the development of backend systems, APIs, and
integrations that support our data processing and storage needs. We often work together to ensure
seamless data flow between different parts of the application ecosystem.

4. Cloud Architects: They design and optimize our cloud infrastructure, including AWS services like S3
for storage, Lambda for serverless computing, and Snowflake for data warehousing. Their expertise
ensures scalability, reliability, and security of our data solutions.

5. Business Stakeholders: They provide domain expertise, define business requirements, and validate
the outputs of our data pipelines and reports. Their insights guide our data engineering efforts to
align with strategic business goals.

6. Quality Assurance Engineers: They test and validate the functionality and performance of our data
pipelines and analytics solutions. Their feedback helps ensure that our systems meet high standards
of quality and reliability.

7. Operations and Support: They manage the ongoing operation of our data infrastructure, handle
incident responses, and support the deployment and maintenance of our data pipelines in
production.

One of the most complex queries I've written involved a combination of multiple joins across several
large tables in a Snowflake data warehouse environment. Here’s a simplified outline of the query
structure and what it aimed to achieve:

```sql
WITH project_costs AS (

SELECT

p.project_id,

p.project_name,

SUM(COALESCE(m.unit_price * mr.quantity, 0)) AS total_material_cost,

SUM(COALESCE(l.rate_per_hour * TIMESTAMP_DIFF(l.end_time, l.start_time, HOUR), 0)) AS

total_labor_cost

FROM

projects p

LEFT JOIN material_requests mr ON p.project_id = mr.project_id

LEFT JOIN materials m ON mr.material_id = m.material_id

LEFT JOIN labor_costs l ON p.project_id = l.project_id

GROUP BY

p.project_id, p.project_name

),

project_revenues AS (

SELECT

p.project_id,

SUM(COALESCE(r.amount, 0)) AS total_revenue

FROM

projects p

LEFT JOIN revenue_transactions r ON p.project_id = r.project_id

GROUP BY

p.project_id

SELECT

pc.project_id,

pc.project_name,

pc.total_material_cost,

pc.total_labor_cost,

COALESCE(pr.total_revenue, 0) AS total_revenue,
 (pc.total_material_cost + pc.total_labor_cost - COALESCE(pr.total_revenue, 0)) AS
project_profit_loss

FROM

project_costs pc

LEFT JOIN project_revenues pr ON pc.project_id = pr.project_id;

```

Explanation:

1. Common Table Expressions (CTEs):

- `project_costs`: Calculates the total material and labor costs for each project by joining tables for
projects, material requests, materials, and labor costs.

- `project_revenues`: Calculates the total revenue for each project by joining the projects table with
revenue transactions.

2. Main Query:

- Joins the results from `project_costs` and `project_revenues` CTEs to calculate the project's
profitability (`project_profit_loss`).

3. Complexity:

- This query is complex due to multiple joins involving large datasets (projects, material requests,
materials, labor costs, revenue transactions) and aggregations (SUM functions) across different
dimensions (costs and revenues).

- It requires careful handling of NULL values (`COALESCE` function) and computation of derived
fields (`project_profit_loss`).

4. Objective:

- The query aims to provide a consolidated view of project financials, including costs, revenues, and
profitability, which is crucial for decision-making and financial analysis.

This example illustrates how complex queries in Snowflake often involve intricate data relationships,
aggregation functions, and careful consideration of data integrity and performance optimization.